Na Hëtṿa

Setting
The language of Hëtṿa was created in early 2010 as a semi-official language in the micronation of Debian.

Phonotactics
The phonotactics of Hëtṿa are quite simple. The only vowel clusters allowed are a-(anything) and o-(anything). All consonants can cluster except if the second consonant in the cluster is ċ, ṃ or ṣ. While phonetically possible, these letters are not allowed to cluster except if they are the first in the cluster. The letter h is also not allowed to cluster, as the letter h after another consonant creates what is called lenition.

Lenition
Lenition is the use of the letter h to change the sound of consonants. A full table of lenited consonants can be found below:

Transitive
The order of sentences in Hëtṿa is SOV, or Subject-Object-Verb. So, the structure would be: (Subject)-(Object)-(Transitive Verb) English: I eat meat Eng-Het: I meat eat Hëtṿa: M'ëlbët memheṿ Since the verb is transitive, the personal indicator must be repeated twice - before and after the object, the second one attached normally to the verb

Intransitive
If the verb is intransitive, then the order is VS, or Verb-Subject: (Verb)-(Subject) English: I eat Eng-Het: Eat I Hëtṿa: emheṿ më (as opposed to memheṿ)

Verbs
Verbs are simple to form. Each verb has the following structure: Personal indicator-infinitive-(tense/mood indicator) ((negation) and/or (interrogative))

Personal Indicators
They each mean:
 * M
 * Ċ
 * T
 * Mh
 * Ċh
 * Ṭ
 * N
 * Ṇ

Each indicator also has four extra forms:
 * 1) Indicating words such as us, he and they.
 * 2) Indicating words such as our, his and their.
 * 3) Indicating words such as ours, his and theirs.
 * 4) Indicating reflexion of verbs
 * The first can be formed by adding an -ë to the end of each indicator
 * The second can be formed by adding an -ē to the end
 * The third can be formed by adding an -ās to the end.
 * The fourth can be formed by adding an -ī

Noun cases
There are seven basic cases: There are also three numbers:
 * 1) Nominative
 * 2) Genitive
 * 3) Accusative
 * 4) Ablative
 * 5) Elative
 * 6) Intrative
 * 7) Translative
 * The nominative case is the main subject of the sentence
 * The genitive denotes possession
 * The accusative is the object of the sentence
 * The ablative denotes movement away from something
 * The elative means movement out of something
 * The intrative denotes something in between two objects.
 * The translative denotes a change of state (i.e. into something, becoming something)
 * 1) Singular
 * 2) Dual
 * 3) Plural
 * The singular denotes one of something
 * The dual denotes two of something
 * The plural denotes many (but still an unspecified amount) of something.

Adjectives
Adjectives always end in the consonant cluster -sh. They are derived from abstract nouns, i.e. great < greatness, tall < height, stupid < idiocy.

Here are a few common adjectives:

Comparative and Superlative
The extra forms of adjectives can be formed by using these words:


 * Dē for comparatives
 * Dā for superlatives

Adverbs
Adverbs are formed by using adjectives, and adding eclipsis to the final s, making it ṣ, e.g.

Funny > Funnily

Simash > Simaṣh

Happy > Happily

Osash > Osaṣh

Verbs
Below is an example of how to conjugate the verb esha (to be) in the first person (mesha):

Nouns
Below is a table on how to conjugate two nouns, sap (house) and hëtṿa (language):

sap (house):

hëtṿa (language):

Example text
The dog ate the cat.

I sing loudly.

Dog-(NOM) eat-PRET-3SG cat-(ACC)

sing-1SG noise-ADV

Gołica tisima beth.

Mara piluṣh.