Umbrean Lessons/15 Participles

Participles, now what could that possibly ever be? To put it simple, it is when you make a verb into the form of an adjective, such as "a walking dog", or noun "the one/thing that walks", Umbrean is quite rich on using this so lets gets started.

Noun Participles
Participles are quite easily formed, one take the verb root and simply apply one of these suffixes that matches ones intention. Lets demonstrate down here


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! Type ! Umbrean ! English ! Main
 * Nov'anlu loymav'y si
 * The person which was hit is falling
 * }

Nov'anu is perfective past passive person form of Nov', But it is then declined as a noun to fit the verb becoming Nov'anlu, why would anyone use this? It is considerbly shorter than "Nov'av'y ñörydwa pocóul loymav'y si" which would be more of a direct translation

Adjectival
Adjectival participles are formed the same way but use the adjective participle endings instead


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! colspan=10 | Regular
 * colspan=10 | Öm es'ixys'óc sicipo adwilaj loymav'y si
 * Öm
 * colspan=2 | es'ixys'óc
 * colspan=2 | sicipo
 * colspan=2 | adwilaj
 * colspan=2 | loymav'y
 * si
 * Öm
 * es'ix-
 * -ys'óc
 * si-
 * -cipo
 * adwi-
 * -laj
 * loym-
 * -av'y
 * si
 * Me
 * Please
 * sbj: 3sg obj: 1sg
 * present continuative
 * mag pl def
 * water
 * pl erg def
 * fall
 * 3sg
 * present continuative
 * colspan=5 | Which is pleasing me
 * colspan=5 | the water falling
 * colspan=10| the water which i like is falling
 * }
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 * colspan=5 | Which is pleasing me
 * colspan=5 | the water falling
 * colspan=10| the water which i like is falling
 * }
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! colspan=9 | Active Participle
 * colspan= 9|Es'ixys'ócvövcipo adwilaj loymav'y si
 * colspan=4 | Es'ixys'ócvövcipo
 * colspan=2 | adwilaj
 * colspan=2 | loymav'y
 * si
 * Es'ix-
 * -ys'óc-
 * -vöv-
 * -cipo
 * adwi-
 * -laj
 * loym-
 * -avy
 * si
 * please
 * sbj: 3sg obj: 1sg
 * presents continuative active
 * mag pl def
 * water
 * pl erg def
 * fall
 * 3sg
 * present continuative
 * colspan=4 | me-pleasing
 * colspan=5 | the water falling
 * }
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 * colspan=4 | me-pleasing
 * colspan=5 | the water falling
 * }
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! colspan=8 | Passive Participle
 * colspan= 8| Es'ixritocipó adwilaj loymav'y si
 * colspan=3 | Es'ixritocipó
 * colspan=2 | adwilaj
 * colspan=2 | loymav'y
 * si
 * Es'ixri-
 * -to-
 * -cipo
 * adwi-
 * -laj
 * loym-
 * -avy
 * si
 * (Ir) please 3sg
 * presents continuative passive
 * mag pl def
 * water
 * pl erg def
 * fall
 * 3sg
 * present continuative
 * colspan=3 | me-pleasing
 * colspan=5 | the water falling
 * }
 * present continuative
 * colspan=3 | me-pleasing
 * colspan=5 | the water falling
 * }
 * }

You may ask whats the differens between the first and second participle form? Meaning wise very little, the first one is an active participle formed from "it pleases me" and puts slight emphesis on that the object it is describing is what is acctually pleasing one/being liked by one. While the Passive Participle is formed from "I am being pleased" and as it is adjective and connected to that noun it is obvious that thing that is pleasing you anyhow. In many instances the active and passive form can be the same from different conjugations of the same root


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