User:JiaGbon1234/Centrine

Syeah this is my conlang it is not finished yet, i will be changing stuff over time

sounds
consonants allophones /c/ and /ɟ/ are pronounced like [t͡ɕ] and [d͡ʑ] before /e/ and /i/ in the western islands. /r/ is pronounced like [ɾ] in the northeast, [r] in the southeast and [ɹ] in the west.

vowels allophones /a/ is phonetically [a~ä] /e/ is phonetically [ɛ~e̞] /ə/ is phonetically [ɜ~ə] /i/ is phonetically [i~ï] /o/ is phonetically [ɔ~o̞] /u/ is phonetically [u~ü] long vowels are phonetically the same as on the chart.

diphthongs: /ai̯/, /au̯/, /ei̯/, /eu̯/, /oi̯/, /ou̯/, /aːi̯/, /aːu̯/, /eːi̯/, /eːu̯/, /oːi̯/, /oːu̯/

syllable structure: (C)(C)(G)V(V)(C)

Geminated consonants are considered to be in separate syllables.

Stress is irregular and cannot be determined.

Romanization
Digraphs

Writing System
Centrine is written using an alphasyllabary. Here is a quick overview of Centrine's alphasyllabary. The letters are listed right-to-left.

* 'volsa ena seva nir' actually means 'Hello, I am a good person.' but i am too lazy to change it.

grammar
It is a head final language

Nouns
There are five declension patterns.

1st Declension - Stressed Short Vowel
The vowel changes

Do take note that if the stressed syllable is a closed syllable, in the absolutive forms, the coda of the syllable breaks off and forms a new syllable with ë as its nucleus, for example: sezro 'sound'-ERG -> sēzëro 'sound'-ABS. If the stressed syllable's vowel is followed by a geminated consonant, in the absolutive forms, the geminated consonant becomes a regular consonant.

In the genitive case, if the syllable starts with an alveolar sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker is removed and the alveolar sound changes to its palatal equivalent. If the syllable instead starts with no sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker becomes a y.

Now, if the stressed vowel is followed by a voiceless consonant that is between two voiced sounds, the consonant becomes voiced.

2nd Declension - Stressed Non-final Long Vowel
This is the declension pattern when a long vowel is stressed but not at the end of a word. The vowel and sometimes the following consonant changes. (Gm means geminate the next consonant)

In the genitive case, if the syllable starts with an alveolar sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker is removed and the alveolar sound changes to its palatal equivalent. If the syllable instead starts with no sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker becomes a y.

3rd Declension - Stressed Final Long Vowel
This is the declension pattern when a long vowel is stressed and is at the end of a word. The vowel changes.

In the genitive case, if the syllable starts with an alveolar sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker is removed and the alveolar sound changes to its palatal equivalent. If the syllable instead starts with no sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker becomes a y.

4th Declension - Stressed Short Diphthong
This is the declension pattern when a short diphthong is stressed. In the genitive case, if the syllable starts with an alveolar sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker is removed and the alveolar sound changes to its palatal equivalent. If the syllable instead starts with no sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker becomes a y.

5th Declension - Stressed Long Diphthong
This is the declension pattern when a long diphthong is stressed. In the genitive case, if the syllable starts with an alveolar sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker is removed and the alveolar sound changes to its palatal equivalent. If the syllable instead starts with no sound, the starting i of the genitive case marker becomes a y.

Verbs
Possibly the second most complicated part of this language.

regular conjugation
There is no past prospective or future perfect. They merged with the past tense and the future tense.

Semi-regular verbs
If the root verb ends in a, the present tense suffixes have an a added in front and the past tense suffixes have their ar replaced with ll.

If the root verb ends in m or ny, it changes to an n in the Future and Present Prospective tenses.

If the root verb ends in m or n, it changes to a ny in the Future Prospective tense.

If the root verb ends in p, it changes to an f in the last three tenses.

If the root verb ends in k, it changes to an sy in the Future and Present Prospective tenses, and disappears in the future prospective tense.

Verb Conjugation Example
Example: verb = vyen (to look)

Voices
There is active voice, passive voice and a 'middle voice'.

Active voice is the regular sentence structure

Passive voice is formed by adding a fra- prefix to the verb, e.g. vyena means 'I see', fravyena means 'I am seen'

The middle voice is when the subject of the verb is also the object (either direct or indirect or some adpositional stuff), like in Ancient Greek. It is formed by reduplicatingthe stem of the verb (and possibly assimilating sounds and voicedness), for example, coredën means 'We speak', coreddzoredën means 'We speak to ourselves' or 'We speak among ourselves'.

Personal Pronouns
Centrine has personal pronouns inflected for case and number.

Centrine is a pro-drop language, so pronouns can be dropped if possible. Example: "wīzya togarei" means "He/she ate a fish", the -arei ending on togarei already indicates a 3rd person singular subject.

Demonstrative Pronouns
Centrine has only one demonstrative pronoun: 'loi', meaning 'this/that', inflected as usual. When it's used as an adjective, it becomes 'lovir'

Word Order

 * SOV (default)
 * SVO (emphasis on subject)
 * VSO (emphasis on verb)
 * OSV (emphasis on object)

Copula
Centrine has a verb 'zan' which means 'to be', but it isn't used in the present tense. Example: "ena cteōn" means "I am a warrior", while "cteōn dzra" means "I was a warrior". (dzra is the first person singular past of zan)

zan is an irregular verb, so here is the conjugation table:

Articles
Centrine has definite articles but no indefinite articles, a feature inherited from Ancient Greek. The article is inflected for number and case.

Postpositions
Centrine has postpositions as suffixes on the absolutive form of a noun.

Example:

ūzyaturterën swīnëdajre= We will fish at the lake.

Adjectives
There are seven degrees of adjectives, each corresponding to a different level to which the adjective applies, marked by suffixes.

Example: nir = good

Causative
Causation is expressed with the prefix sel- on the verb.

Example: togei = He/she eats.

rēda seltoga = I cause him to eat.

Questions
The predominant way of asking a yes-or-no question is adding the particle 'uncer' (lit. 'or else') at the end of a sentence.

Question words may also be used:

zul = what (declines normally)

zūl tosytera = What will I eat?

zul ēna genelterei = What will kill me?

zūnye = when

tosytera zūnye = When will I eat?

svul = who (declines normally)

svul ēna genelterei = Who will kill me?

svūl geneltera = Whom will I kill?

zūjre = where

tosytera zūjre = Where will I eat?

Numbers
There are two number systems in Centrine: syundaresmon (syunda = plural of syinda = numbers, resmon = counting; lit. counting numbers) and syundavernoda (vernoda = Greek; lit. Greek numbers). Counting numbers are used for quantities, while Greek numbers are used for ordinal numbers and numbers not used for a quantity.

Syundaresmon
Syundaresmon are the native Centrine number system. It is in base 30, in a unique way. There is also a shortened version used in colloquial, informal speech.

Lexicon
User:JiaGbon1234/Centrine/Lexicon

Example Text
lyunnyaiunye o sezesy yeccima sesy cōrëta i tus onnim enlidu imarei. i lōiunye levonarik ūnëvra, sedzarik syorransre ton sōrajre Syinar i enevarik lōijre. i coreddzoredarik, "sedzinet, kāira bedinën i erēzi asyirinën sezesyfe." i kāira tēpane i āsëfaltën sieranne imarik. cyef coredarik, "sedzinet, kārëta i pêron me kednon rietta āivejre bedimbedinën, i selfrairselfrairën, cer frareffreterën sezesy yeccimafte." Svalizendonir dette sedzei āro ton kārëta i ton pêron me svaleërim bedinevarik vyen. i Svalizendonir coredarei, "Vyenino, retta sesy densova, i sezesy retta sesy cōrëta imet, i loi ton dekke me bedinet; serampe me bedin yeivizyet agecce erēzisre"

History of Language
Proto-Centrine is the reconstructed ancestor of Centrine.

consonant inventory of proto-centrine Vowel inventory of proto-centrine Proto-Centrine doesn't allow consonant clusters at all. (words can still end with consonants)

Proto-Centrine has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Worldbuilding
this is the first time i ever tried something like this

The Centrine Islands (native name: Serravani) are a group of islands located in the Mediterranean sea, 200 nautical miles off the coast of Italy. c. 800 BCE, the Phoenicians arrived on the islands. As they brought to them items the Centrines have never seen before, the words for those were loaned into Centrine. They left a few years later.

c.632 BCE, the Greeks colonized the Centrine islands, and influenced their language as well. Unlike their Phoenician predecessors, the Greeks stayed there.

Even after the Romans conquered Greece, the Romans still never found out about these islands.

The Centrine language (native name: Cortavani) is a language descended from Proto-Centrine.