Ungryk (Ruzhmaran)

Classification and Dialects
Ungryk is a collection of dialects with varying intelligibility descended from English spoken around the Black Hills and Surrounding Great Plains region in the far future. Standardised Ungryk is based on the Ruzhmaran dialect, which is the official language of the Creedence Dynasty the current largest and most powerful Ungryk state. Ruzhmaran and Ungryk are often used interchangeably by outsiders and none-Ungryk speakers. Ruzhmaran maybe the official language of the Creedence Dynasty however it is only the first language of around 15% of the total population.

Consonants
Ungryk has a large consonant inventory, which can vary depending on the particular dialect. One of the key ways to identify dialects of Ungryk is through their particular "r" sound, Ruzhmaran and by extension Standard Ungryk use the Epiglottal Trill/Fricative (ʢ) as "r" whilst most other dialects will use ʁ ʀ ʁ̞ ʀ̊.

1) θ͇ acts as an allophone of t͡θ in southern dialects of Ungryk

2) ʎ̞̊ is replaced by ç some speakers

3) t͡ɕ acts as an allophone of c if in a consonant cluster in the western dialects

4) When ħ succeeds a pulmonic dorsal plosive, the two consonants are often rendered as ʡ͡ʜ especially in faster or more casual speech

Phonotactics
Ungryk has a fairly relaxed syllabic structure which allows for large consonant clusters, often liquids will act like vowels within syllables.

Nouns
Nouns decline by definition, gender, case, and number

the structure of nouns can be viewed through this table

Case
Ungryk uses a large case system with sixteen cases. The case of the noun must agree to its gender. Cases are a mixture of prefixes and suffixes as many of them evolved from prepositions and postpositions in English. For example the masculine form of the locative case eit́ (e͡ɪtʼ)evolved from the English preposition at. Ungryk also uses case negation, attaching the negative prefix na (nɑ) can change the case's meaning to its opposite, for example the benefactive case becomes malefactive using na. This can be observed in the following two sentences

k̆erȁrfemşhk̆ vasaihofu

(yk͡xəʢæʢʍəmɕħk͡x βät͡sa͡ɨħoʍu)

1s-real(formal)-fight-past(perfect)-3Mben def-king-ben

"I fought for the king"

k̆erȁrfemşnahk̆ vasaihonafu

(yk͡xəʢæʢʍəmɕnɑħk͡x βät͡sa͡ɨħonɑʍu)

1s-real(formal)-fight-past(perfect)-neg-3Mben def-king-neg-ben

"I fought against the king"

Gender
Ungryk uses three noun genders, these being masculine, feminine and neuter. Gender is usually shown through if a noun's case takes the masculine, feminine or neuter forms. It can also be shown through verbal personal markers. The masculine is used for male humans and male higher animals whilst the feminine is used for female humans and female higher animals whilst anything else is given the neuter gender. neuter nouns will change their gender if they are possessed by a masculine or feminine noun to the gender of the latter. For example "(a)house" is hamz̨yḱ /ħämʑykʼ/ the word ham is given the neuter stative case suffix of z̨yḱ, however in a sentence such as "his house" hŏz̨ ham /ħœʑ ħäm/ the noun ham  takes the masculine form of the stative case. neuter nouns possessed by both masculine and feminine nouns will usually be rendered as either masculine or feminine.

Definition
Ungryk only marks definite nouns. It uses the prefix va /βä/ on all definite nouns regardless of their gender. As mentioned earlier "(a)house" is hamz̨yḱ /ħämʑykʼ/ whilst "the house" is vahamz̨yḱ /βäħämʑykʼ/.

Number
Ungryk uses three numbers; singular, plural and collective. singular nouns go unmarked the Ungryk for singular "man" man /män/ whilst plural nouns are marked with the suffix z /d͡z/ if they end with a vowel or voiced consonant or with the suffix s /t͡s/ if they end in a voiceless consonant. The Ungryk word for "men" is therefore manz /mänd͡z/. The collective plural is used to refer to all of a particular noun, it is marked with the suffix ol /oɮ/ or /oɬ/ depending on similar phonotactic rules to the plural marker. for example "all men" is manol /mänoɮ/.

Verbs
Ungryk uses complex verbal morphology as verbs conjugate based on tense, aspect, mood, person, evidence and formality. tense and aspect are fused together whilst mood and formality are also fused together, whilst the person markers remain separate as do the evidential marks.

Person
Ungryk verbs are marked for active, stative and oblique persons, this leads to Ungryk being a pro-drop language. person markers change form depending on gender, number and case similar to pronouns. Ungryk person markers and pronouns do not have 1 to 1 correlations to each other, for example a second person plural person marker exists but no second person plural pronoun. Verbs can take virtually infinite oblique person markers although this usually does not occur in most sentences.

Tense and Aspect
Ungryk's tense and aspect system is fused together with its suffixes representing both the tense and the aspect of the verb. There are three tenses; past, present and, future, and three aspects; perfective, habitual and simple. Below is a table showing the tense-aspect verbal conjugations of Ungryk.

Mood
Ungryk marks several different verb moods; realis, interrogative, imperative, conditional, assumptive, optative and speculative. mood suffixes change their form based on the level of formality of the speech. There are three levels of formality; super-formal, formal and informal. Typically suffixes will be more complex if they are super-formal

Syntax
Ungryk is predominately a head-final left branching language, although it uses a mixture of both prefixes and affixes. The alignment system of Ungryk is Active-Stative, with the subject of intransitive verbs being treated like agents or patients based upon if the verb is in the conscious class I, none-conscious class II or neutral verbal class III. The verb "to walk" ʢɵkʼ is class I but  the verb to sleep ɕnd͡z is a class II verb whilst ʍəɬ meaning to fall is class III. subjects of class I verbs are treated as agents whilst subjects of class II verbs are treated like patients, subjects of class III verbs may be treated either way depending on context.