Galeiga

Galega is the revived form of the Celtic language of Northwestern Iberia. The vocabulary of Galega is solely Ibero-Celtic with Ibero-Basque loans a few exceptions for Latin, Gothic  Arabic via the Ibero-Romance languages. Many Celtic words from Gallaic and Brythonic survive to this day in Galician and Portuguese, which have been incorporated into the language. There are also loans from Gaulish, Brythonic (Galicia was colonized by Britons during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain) or from primitive Irish/Gaelic words that can be traced back to their Celtiberian equivalents. "Duza éshon tanga duza éshon alma es"; "a people without a language is a people without a soul". Galega is that old soul of Gallaecia.

Proto Gallaic: Galaeca tangua sena inda Galaecia eni Toute-uφos Ibereaeca esi, auota inte nouion to dumnon nouion indos cantaiestos uiconti oinos.

Old Gallaic: Galeca tangua sena enda Galecia eni Tode-ufos Ibereaeca esi, auoda ende noiun to duunun noiun indus cantaistus ficonti oinus.

Middle Gallaic: Galega tanga sena ana Galegia ene Toðe-fo Iberega ese, auda an noiu do duunu noiu anu gandaisu figond oinu.

Neo-Gallaic: Galega tang sena a aña Galeia en Tozefó Ibérega es, ouda ã noiu dó dounu noiu ã gandais figõd óen.

"Neo-Gallaic is the old language of Gallaecia in Northwestern Iberia, made anew for the new world of the twenty-first century".  

Neo-Gallaic on Facebook:

https://www.facebook.com/neogallaic/



-Name-
Galega: Gal+ega

(Gallaeci) Galla (Calla, C could also be G in Latin) from proto-Celtic "Gala-" (power, strength, force) plus "-ico"/"-eco", an Iberian Celtic suffix used to indicate possession or belonging. So, Gallaeci, Galla-eci (plural), Galla-ecos/eca (singular). Their name could mean something like, "Strong people" or "People of power". -Phonology-

all vowels (a,ã,e,i,o,õ,u) are pronounced much the same as they would be in Portuguese, stressed vowels (á,é,í,ó,ú) are elongated and take the word stress, diphthongs take the stress in words as well.

s - /s/, /z/ when preceding "e" or "i", /ʃ/ before a consonant

ll - /lj/ (pronounced like the Portuguese "lh")

c - /k/

g - /g/

x - /ʃ/

h - /x/, /h/

z – /ð/

in(vowel) - "iñ_" (Fínu is "fíñu" ; Camína is "camíña" )

-Lenition and Compound Words-
Lenition in Gallaic is purely hypothetical and has been applied here in a limited manner, there being some evidence for it in the continental Celtic tongues. Lenition in Gallaic exists as a mutation of the initial letter of the second word in compound words and when a personal pronoun is attached to a preposition.

Consonant Mutation Pairs

s>x

b>m

c>g

g>h

d>z

t>d

l>ll

m>v

n>ñ

Compound Lenition (Adjectives and describing nouns precede nouns in compound words)

Curdéu - Cur + Téu (Tavern, "beer house")

Oulgur - Oul + Cur (Cider, "apple beer")

Tenzouru - Ten + Douru (Liquor/Spirits, "firewater")

Fínugara - Fínu + Cara (Grape, "wineberry")

Engen - En + Cen (Brain, "in head")

This also applies to the plural form of body parts that come in pairs:

Ear: Clusta - Doaglusta

Hand: Lama – Doallama

Arm: Braga – Doamraga

Leg: Gar – Doahar

Foot: Troaz – Doudroaz

Eye: Ogu - Douogu

Personal Pronouns attached to a Preposition

Slã adu! - Hello (Health at you) *Adu (a+tu), "at you"

Dor avi tá - Sorry (there is pain at me) *Avi (a+mi), "at me"

-Interrogatives-
  Có? – Where

Cad? – What?

Cã? – When?

Cé? – Who?

Cad camínu? – How? (What path/way)

Cede – How many?

Cadó? – Why? (what for)

Cad Fáz? – Why? (what reason)

Cad óar es? – What time?

-Pronouns-
I: Mi

You: Tu

He: E

She: Si

It: Í

Y’all: Sus

We: Nin

They: Sis

My: Mou/Moa

Your: Tou/Toa

Y’all’s: Sou/Soa

Our: Nou/Noa

Their: Siu/Siua

Pronouns Attached to Prepositions

A (at/towards)

Avi - At me

Adu - At you

Azé - At him

Axi - At her

Azíz - At it

Axus - At y'all

Añin - At us

Axis - At them

Dó (to/for)

Dovi - To/for me

Dodu - To/for you

Gõ (with)

Govi - With me

Godu - With you

En (in)

Envi - In me

Endu - In you

-Articles-

The: Ã – Aña

This: Sú

That: Sin

These: Soi

Those: Sinu (sindo-)

Here: Ansú

There: Ansin

-Prepositions-
Again: Adé

Until: Co

Out/from: És

Over (great): Or (uor)

Top: Bar

Bottom/bum: Bunda

* superlative*: -om

* diminutive*: -el/ela

* augmentative*: -ún/úna

Between: Endra (entara)

Up: Os (Osom highest)

In: En

On: Or

Around: Om

At/towards: A (Az before a vowel)

To/For: Dó

With: Gon

If: Ma

Beyond (But): Édra

Also: Agu (c.i. Auku)

Too (also): Coadáda:

Under: Fú (c.i. uɸo)

Before: Gina

After: Eru (eɸiro-)

Next: Segáda

As: Sese (p.c. sweswe)

More: Barráda

Less: Bundáda'' ''

-Am- (Time)
Second: Segundu

Minute: Minutu

Hour: Óar - Óaran

Week:  Sedañoid- Sedañoidan

Month: Mínsa – Mínsnan

Year: Blen – Bledna

Day: Diu – Diun

Today: Endiu

Tomorrow: Amárea (o.g. A-bárega)

Tonight: Enoid

Yesterday: Dís

Now: Nú

Morning: Bárea - Bárean

Night: Noid - Noida

Evening: Adag - Adaga

Midnight: Mezañoid

Lé ín soul: Sunset

Éne ín soul: Sunrise

 

-Ríman- (Numbers)
0: seru

1: óen - óena

(oinos<oinu<óen - oina<óena)

2: dou - doa

(dwei<dwe<du<dou - dwa<doa)

3: tris

(tisris<tiris<tris)

4: cedru

(kwetru<cetru<cedru)

5: coing

(kwenkwe<coenca<coing)

6: sés

(swexs<swes<sés)

7: séda

(sextam<seta<séda)

8: oid

(oxtu<oitu<oid)

9: nov

(nawan<noua<nou<nov)

10: dea

(dekam<deca<dega<dea)

11: óendea

12: doudea

13: trisdea

14: cedrudea

15: coingdea

16: sésdea

17: sédadea

18: oidea

19: novdea

20: figõd

30: figõd dea

40: doufigõd

50: doufigõd dea

60: trisfigõd

70: trisfigõd dea

80: cedrufigõd

90: cedrufigõd dea

100: cãt

1,000: míl

1,000,000: millún

-Grammar-
The sentence struture of Galega is SOV, except in questions or negations, in which case it changes to VSO

'''-Questions-   ''' The sentence structure becomes VSO. Questions are asked by beginning the question with the verb after the interrogative.

Cadó taí ansú? (Why are you here?)

Cede blen tá adu? (How old are you?) *How many year(s) do you have?*

''There is no word for “yes”. Instead, the verb is repeated back in affirmation. “Ní” is “no/not”.''

“Ezemuví az ã curdéu amárea?” (Will we eat at the pub tomorrow?)

“Ezemuví”/”Ní ezemuví” (We will *eat*/We won't *eat*)

'''

 -Negations-'''

“Ní” precedes verbs to make negations. The normal SOV changes to VSO.

Ní tá avi cur. (I don’t have beer)

-Simple Past-

The simple past is indicated with the preverbial marker "ru-".

Cogeu mi = I cook

Rucogeu mi = I cooked

Dís ruezu mi cíg turgu ega ruívu mi amalgurma = Yesterday I ate boar meat and I drank cider

ru+ezu+mi (I ate) and ru+ívu+mi (I drank)

-Future-

The future tense is indicated with the suffix "-ví".

Lavrau mi = I speak

Lavrauví mi = I will speak

Amárea téduví mi az ín curdéu = Tomorrow I will go to the tavern

-Possession-

"A" precedes the possessor, if the possessor is an object or place, "-ega" is used.

Aña dura téuega - The door of the house (téu+ega)

Ã cur a mou garañu - My friend's beer

-Phrases-

Hello: Slã adu! *health to you* (to one person)

Hello: Slã axus (more than one person)

Hello: Ola

Hey: Ei

Goodbye: Saz adu/asus *peace to you*

Goodbye: Adeu

Bárea maza – Good morning

Diu maz – Good day

Adag maza – Good evening

Noid maza – Good night

Please: Ma maz godu/goxus tá (If it's good with you)

Thanks: Sin maz bá (this was good)

Thanks (a lot): Sin maz dovi bá (this was good for me)

Thank you: Sin maz adu bá (this was good at you, *this was kind of you*)

You're welcome: Nígoade es (it’s nothing)

Sorry: Dor avi tá (there is pain at me)

Galeg(a) esu (mi) - I am Gallaic

Eis Galeia esu (mi) - I am from Gallaecia

Galega Lavrau (mi) – I speak Gallaic

Ní lavrau (mi) Galega - I don't speak Gallaic

Galega biu tá – Gallaic is alive

A lavra tau (mi) – I am speaking

Taí (tu) a lavra? – Are you speaking?

Moa alme...es – My name is...

Drui esu mi, mou camínu Druizáda es – I am a druid, my path is Druidry

Gara avi dodu tá – I love you

Tu garau (mi) - I love you

Examples
Ã gam ega egã

En aña bría, dam ésgon ulã egã rudergaí, óen eg carvãt trum a trag, óen lúd mag a ber, ega óen fer ã treg a ber. Ã dam a egã ruseg: "En mou grí dor tá, cã fer egã a la dergau." Ã egã rusegn: "Ousa, dam, en nou gríz dor tá cã sú dergamu: fer, ã tíerna, gõ ulã demega omtoga tes ou e dó esoesú. Ega ní a dam ulã tá." Sú a clusa, dam a lana ruraz.

The Sheep and the Horses
 * [On a hill,] a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.

"Ul duña riu ega couínõ gõ díñas ega redua énen. Axis mendáda ega coufez dadu es ega dó’n maz dó óen az alu en alma bradreádaga ñemen".

''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''

"Súer eis duza ria esu mi" - Dounurí

"I am a free man from a free people" - Dumnorix

"Ã ulzúnu mou deu es, ombíod moa credíma es, Tíara mou nemezún es."

The universe is my god, nature is my faith, the Earth is my temple.

"Sese or, sese sú fú; sese endar, sese sú eis"

As above, so below; as within, so without.

"En sé gal maga es"

In silence there is great power

"En fínu fiáda es, en cur lounáda es"

In wine there is wisdom, in beer there is joy

"Cazufer ega selgamen a curdéu rucamen. Allã cur rudéun ega cíg maza ruezen".

''A warrior and a huntress walked to a tavern. They drank a lot of beer and ate good meat.''

"Turgu aña nerte a cadufer es"

The boar is the strength of the warrior

"Noid teid, ega nú moa ogáda fudroazá.

Ní eñá í co mou marvu.

Ní gaveuví baina, ní bí avi tirrua, ní bí avi gentí.

Ní bí avi coroa nega feuví mi glór.

Biuauví ega marveuví en moa varda.

Claiv en ã demen esu. Ogufer en ã fal esu.

Ã scedu u vardé ã rigádã fíru esu mi.

Moa bioda ega mou briu óedu mi a aña Ogáda Noidega, dó sú noid ega ola noida a teid."

(Night's Watch Pledge)

Night gathers, and now my watch begins.

It shall not end until my death.

I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children.

I shall wear no crowns and win no glory.

I shall live and die at my post.

''I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher on the walls.''

I am the shield that guards the realms of men.

I pledge my life and honor to the Night's Watch, for this night and all the nights to come.

Verb conjugations: Present, Past, Future, Conditional
-Gara- Love (present)

Garau mi - I love

Garaí tu – You love

Garaide sus – Y’all love

Garamu nin – We love

Gará e – He loves

Gará si – She loves

Garan sis – They love

(Past)

Rugarau mi - I loved

Rugaraí tu

Rugaraide sus

Rugaramu nin

Rugará e

Rugará si

Rugaran sis

(Future)

Garauví mi - I will love

Garaíví tu

Garaideví sus

Garamuví nin

Garáví e

Garáví si

Garanví sis

(Conditional)

Rugarauví mi - I would love

Rugaraíví tu

Rugaraideví sus

Rugaramuví nin

Rugaráví e

Rugaráví si

Rugaranví sis

All personal pronoun suffixes are optional, or are used for emphatic effect. Instead of saying, "Cur garau mi", you can simply say, "Cur garau".

Verb to be "Bí" (impermanent) - "Senu tau" (I'm old)

Tau- I am

Taí – You are

Táide – Y’all are

Támu – We are

Tá – He is

Tá – She is

Tán – They are

Verb to be "Bí" (permament) - "Fer esu" (I'm a man)

Esu - I am

Esí - You are

Eside - Y'all are

Esmu - We are

Es - He is

Es - She is

Esan - They are

To Drink (alcohol): Déu (p.c. Degu-)
To Drink: Íve

To Eat: Eze (ede)

To Make: Ou (p.c. auo-)

To Cook: Coge

Water: Douru (p.c. dubro-, "rio Douro")

Cider: Oulgur (p.c. abalocurmi, "apple beer")

Cider: Sidra - Sidran

Mead: Meiz (Mezu-, mezucenos - MEDVGENVS < *medhu)

Beer: Cur - Curma

Ale: Alu - Alua

Lager (light beer): Cervexa - Cervexã (Gl. via Lt. "Cervesia")

Wine: Fínu - Finua

Liquor: Tinzouru (Firewater)

Honey: Meli

Apple: Oul/Amal

Berry: Cara

Grape: Fínugara (Wineberry)

Meat: Cíg

Seed: Silu (c.i. *silon "seed"

Bread: Arã

Wheat: Venez

Milk: Laid (p.c. laxto-)

Cheese: Ces (pt. queijo/sp. queso)

Butter: Mandeiga

Soup: Couxala (con+sala)/Sopa

Herb: Lú (p.c. *lubjo-)

Pepper: Pivra/Tinllú (Fire herb)

Salt: Sala

Spice: Ispexaria (pt. Especiaria)

Coffee: Café

-Basic Verbs-
…eisvi tá – I want… ("...is away from me")

…ávi tá – I have… ( "...is at me") *used for general possession

…govi tá – I have… (“…is with me) *used for close or personal possession

Go: Téd

Come: Teid

Walk: Came

Step/March: Cinge

Go: Ginge

 Run: Raz

Travel: Camína

(Trip: Camináda)

Speak: Lavra Sing: Cana

* Ru- -- preverbial particle (past)

Sang - Rucana

I spoke - Rulavrau mi

I will speak - Lavrauví mi

Say: Seg

Breathe: Ana

Hear: Clusa

Listen: Ousa

See: Derga

Believe: Cré (p.c. kred-)

Think: Mene

Know: Fé (p.c. weid-)

Remember: Gume

Forget: Anhume (an+gume)

Make/Do: Ou (gl. auot-)

Touch: Táze

Give: Dá

Take: Gave

Follow: Sege

Lead: Cene

Cover up: Agasalla (Latin *ad-gasaliare, from Visigothic *gasalja)

Be born: Éne (*Éndu bíz)

Connect: Coudáze (Coudáz "connection")

Smoke: Smug

Dream: Asuñe

Sleep: Suñe

Hug: Abrage

Hug tight: Agarre

Turn on (lights): Ou í cañu ("Make it bright")

Turn off (lights): Ou í demen ("Make it dark")

Turn on (sound): Ou í arzu ("Make it loud/high)"

Turn off (sound): Ou í sez ("Make it quiet/peaceful")

-Milua- (Animals)
Dog: Cú - Cún

Warhound: Árgu - Árgun Wolf: Blez - Blezda

Bear: Ard - Arda

Cat: Gatu – Gatua

Horse: Egua - Eguaí

Goat: Gavru - Gavrun

Bull: Tarvu - Tarvun

Falcon: Alcún - Alcúña

Raven: Bozua - Bozuan

Crow: Grou - Groua

Claw/Talon: Garra

Boar: Turgu - Turgun

Pig: Org – Orí

Tooth: Dã - Dãt

Tree: Crã – Craña

Flower: Blaza - Blazã

Leaf: Dula - Dulã

Fish: Esga - Esgã

Rabbit: Conenu - Conenun

Frog: Sapu - Sapun

Snake: Nadra - Nadran

Bird: Eznu - Eznua

Goose: Gíurra - Gíurrã (Gigurri, Asturian people, Pliny NH, III, 28)

Bee: Beu (p.c. beko) - Bevan

Feather: Éla (p.c. edel-) - Élã

Feather: Bluma - Bluman

Horn: Carn - Carna

Horn: Ázar - Ázara (bsq. Adar, ir. Adharc)

Dragon: Drag - Dragún

Unicorn: Oncarn - Oncarna

Wool: Ulã

-Tírru ega Mor (Land and Sea)
Earth – Tíara

Sun: Soul (sauelos>souelos>souelu>souel>soul)

Moon: Lugra

Hill: Bría (briga) – Brí

Mountain: Carná - Carnái

Rocky Mountain: Carvu - Carvun

Snow: Sneáda

Valley: Comba - Comban

Light Snow (falling): Neve

Ice: Ái (p.c. iagi)

River: Amona (Abona)

Sea: Mor

Ocean: Magamor (big sea)

Bay: Morcambu (sea bend) and Bái (bsq.)

Island: Enis

-Objects, Environment, Places, etc.-
Book: Livru - Livrua

Church: Igrexa - Igrexan

Wheel: Roda - Rodan

Woven basket: Gís (p.c. kistā)

Kilt: Sái (sagia) - Saí

Skirt: Sáia (sagia) - Sáian

Shirt: Camixa - Camixã (gl. via lt. Camisia)

Bed: Cama– Caman

House: Téu – Teí

Home: Tremu (c.i. Trebo)

Beehive (farmed): Beudremu

Door: Dura - Duran

Gate: Magadura (big door)

City: Gorta - Gortã (c.i. korta)

Neighborhood: coudrema (con+trema)

Lake: Logu – Loi

Bridge: Breva - Brevã (c.i breua/p.c. brīwā)

Land/Ground: Tírru – Tirrua

Field: Lana (p.c. landa)

Bay: Bai - Baia *Ibr.Bsq.

Landslide/Avalanche: Lurte *bsq.

Wood: Fí - Fíza

Forest: Cád - Cáda

Flower: Blaza - Blazã

Tree: Crã - Craña

Sky/Heaven: Nem

Wind: Ouellu (c.i. auilio-)

Lightning: Lugeg

Thunder: Tarã (p.c. *tarano-)

Grass: Faltula (faltu+dula)

Rock: Crougia - Crougiã (old glc.)

Stone: Crav - Crava

Person: Dun

People/Tribe: Duza

Shadow: Scazu

Battle: Cadu

War: Cougadu

War: Verre

Warrior: Cadufer

Soldier: Cingez

Warhound: Árgu

Hunt: Selga

Victory: Séu (sego)

Guard: Varda (Visigothic wardja, from Germanic wardaz, from the IE root *wor-to-)

Guardian: Vardiã (Visgothic wardjan accusative of wardja)

Wagon: Vagã

Wagon: Carrún/Carvãt

Car: Carru

Load: Lúd (p.c. luxto-)

Sword: Claiv (gl. cladibu)

Bagpipe: Canburgu (bag of songs) and Gáda

Jaw Harp: Cav-a-drui (Druid's mouth) and Cavarpa (cav+arpa)

Leather Sack/Bag: Burgu (p.c. bolgos)

Gasallu: Covers/Blanket (Latin *ad-gasalia, from Visigothic *gasalja

Giant: Cour

Europe: Euroba

Kingdom: Rigáda

Base: Bun (p.c. bonu-)

-Duza ega ín Biodan- (People and the Body)
Family: Clã - Clãd

Family: Teusloa - Teusloi

Ancestor: Ginadre - Ginadrí

Group: Sloa

Man: Fer - Men: Fír

Woman: Bena - Women: Mna

Husband: Fair - Faír

Wife: Baina – Mnádan

Father: Adre

Mother: Madra

Daughter: Doadra (c.i. Tuater)

Son: Mag (o.r. Maqqi) – Maí

Child: Gente (c.i. Centis) - Gentí

Brother: Bradre

Sister: Soisra

Granddaughter: Neta

Grandson: Netu

Grandfather: Senadre

Grandmother: Senvadra

Boy: Meninu

Girl: Menina

Friend: Garañu/a

Neighbor: Counes (c.i. Couneso)

Lord: Tíerna

King: Rí

Queen: Riana

Folk/group of people: Feren

Celt: Celda

Celtic: Celdeg(a)

Linguist: Tangafer/Tangamen (tanga+ben)

Citizen: Gonhorta (ex. mitbürger)

Hunter/Huntress: Selgafer (male) Selgamen (female)

Leader: Cenfer/Cenmen

Head: Ceñu – Ceña

Ear: Clusta - Doaglusta

Hand: Lama – Doallama

Arm: Braga – Doabraga

Leg: Gar – Doahar (p.c. garri)

Foot: Troaz (p.c. Troget) – Doadroaz

Eye: Ogu - Doaogu

Hair: Faltu

Nose: Srona

Face: Áida (agita)

Mouth: Cav (c.i. cab *gob*)

Mouth: Boga

Blood: Crou

Beard: Greña - Grenda

Moustache: Grendel - Grendela

Brain: Engen ("in head", ir. inchinn)

Heart: Grí

-Menda, Alma, Fezáda- (Mind, Spirit, Knowledge)
God: Deu – Devan

Soul: Alma - Alman

Breath - An

Universe: Uldounu (Runa vaha)

World: Dounu

Life: Bioda

Magic: Brída (gaul. brixt-)

Word: Oidlu

Truth: Firen

Dream: Asuñu

Spirit Journey (Psychedelic ritual): Maruel (Little Death)

Witch: Sorgin *bsq.

Druid: Drui – Druizan

Druidess: Druis - Druisan

Druidry: Druizáda

Brotherhood: Bradreáda

Ancestor: Ginazre

Wisdom: Fizáda

Oak: Dara – Daran

Oak: Carva (glc.) - Carvan

Oak: Cerca ( tribe name Querquerni from *kʷerkʷ- < PIE *perkʷ- 'oak, tree') - Cercan

Sacred: Nouv

Sacred grove/Temple/Great oak: Nemezún

Oak Grove: Druñemezún

North: Toze

East: Úre

West: Fó

South: Deise

Solstice: Soulstã

Equinox: Somnoid

Spring: Éraga

Summer: Sam

Fall:

Winter: Gaiam

Samhain: Sameña

Fairy: Sada (sé/sez: peace/quiet)

Power: Gal

Strength: Nerte

Strong: Nerteg(a)

* Underworld/Otherworld: Anzounu (Antumnos)

Cernunnos: Cernuñu

Language/tongue: Tanga

Language: Aiz (Brt. Iaxti)

Love: Garaz

Health: Slã

Healthy: Slaneg(a)

Star: Saruña – Saruñaí

Galaxy: Saruñasloa (star group) - Saruñasloi and Galácsia(n)

Forest: Cád - Cádu

Fire: Ten

Flame: Tinel

Spark: Falisca (Medieval Portuguese, falisca = spark, from Visigothic or Suebian *falwiskan. Cognate of Swedish falaska, Mid-High German valwische *falwiskō, Norse fọlski)

Belief: Creima (p.c. credima)

Religion: Relixiún

Mind: Melma

Smoke: Smug

To Smoke: Mug

To Smoke: Déu, (lit. "drink")

Insense: Mugllú

Cannabis: Canva/Cáñamu

Hemp: Coúrg (p.c. kom-wark)

-Adjectives-
Good/well: Maz(a)

Good: Dag/Daia

Bad: Drug(a)

True: Fir

New: Noiu/a

Old: Senu/a

Young: Óang/Óaña (p.c. iovanca)

Hot: Aizu/a (p.c. aidu-) *aiz "heat"

Warm: Tesmu/a

Cold: Oru/a (p.c. ougros)

Freezing/Icy: Couáidu/a

Beginning: Fudroaz (uφo-troget)

End (physical): Orgeñu (uφer-kʷenno)

End (abstract/temporal): Eñá (p.c. indo-)

Left: Esger/a *Ibr.Bsq.

Right: Deis/a

Full: Lã

Big: Mag(a) - (c.i. magu-)

Small: Beg(a) - (p.c. bikko)

Gigantic: Coureg

Healthy: Slánu/a

Round: Cruñu/a (p.c. krundi-)

Dead: Marvu/a (Die: Marve, Death: Maru)

Happy: Loun

Free: Riu/a

Equal: Inõ (*the one, "equality" inonas)

Conscious: Enfizeg(a)

Dark: Demen

Bright: Cañu/a

Light: Glustu/a

Light: Lug

Right: Redu/a

Deep: Dunu/a - (p.c. dubno-)

Clean: Glanu/a

Black: Dú (p.c. dubu-)

White: Ven(a)

Red: Rozu/a

Green: Glasula (leaf blue)

Blue: Glasu/a

Brown: Dõ

Yellow: Melin

Gold(en): Our(du/a)

Silver(y): Argãt(u/a)

Many (a lot): Allã (at full)

Other: Ala

All: Olu/a

Every: Gacu/a

Oaken: Dru(a)

Strong: Nerte

Wise: Sufí (good knowledge, p.c. suvid-)

Born: Éndu

Birth: Én

Sweet: Melis

Raw: Crú(a)

Beautiful: teg(a)

Pretty: fem(a)

Fierce: Cavargu "warhound-mouth"

First: Cen(a) - (from PCl *kintu- 'first')

Elevated/Eminent/Noble: Bríãt (c.i. brigant-)

High: Arzu/a

Low: Iselu

Far: Cel/En siru

Close: Nes

Long: Longu/a Siru/a

Short: Gerru/a