Proto-Andem

General Information
Proto-Andem (Andemucmeţvaa’ /andɨmutsmɨʈʋaaʔ/, literally: “from-the-northerners-speech”)

Consonants
m, p, b, f, v, þ, ð, n, t, d, c, dz, s, z, r, ņ, ţ, ḑ, ş, l, ŋ, k, g, kh, gj, h, j, ’

Vowels
i, e, u, a

Phonotactics
(C)V(C)
 * no word intial or final consonant clusters
 * diphthongs of any two vowels (even two same vowels) permited, but no triphthongs
 * Syllable-final consonants may not be /z/, /dz/, /kx/, or /gɣ/.
 * adjacent consonants need not be voiced the same, ex. kepgje
 * words have a minimum of two mora; that is, the minimal word is VC or VCV, both of which are bimoraic.

Gender
Common: ex. þukma, isfuŋa, zara, zajdis, khetfis, suŋis

Neuter: ex. tende, beje,  kepgje,  lauk,  decu,  edam

Case usage

 * Nominative: subject, object in the past, and dictionary form
 * Accusative: object
 * Dative: indirect object, destination
 * Genitive: possessor
 * Ergative-Ablative: origin, subject in the past
 * Vocative: directly addressed

Oblique cases
Oblique cases are all regular within their gender. Common nouns use their nominative forms, and neuter nouns drop final es if possible.
 * Instrumental (ta): instrument; laukta "using the log"
 * Adessive (na): near location; laukna "near the log"
 * Superessive (l): top location; laukel "on the log"
 * Subessive (kuf): under location; laukekuf "under the log"
 * Inessive (ḑu): internal location; laukḑu "in the log"

Verbs
Verbs conjugate for person and number of the subject, definiteness of the object/ergative subject, tense/aspect, mood/polarity, voice, and mirativity. This complex conjugation is perhaps best summarized in a table.