Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang …

'''Constantly in development. It will change significantly. '''

JUST REDO IT, REDO IT ALLLLLLLLL ;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;

Writing System
Alphabet A, B , C , D , E , F , G , H , I , J , K , L , M , N , O , P , QU , R , S , T , U , V , W , X , Y , Z [ a~ɐ , b , k/tʃ , d~ð , e, f , g~ɣ/dʒ , ∅ , i/j , dʒ , k , l , m , n , o , p , kw , r , s~s̱ , t , u/w , v , w , ks , i/j , ts }

Declension and Articles
The original noun declension was quickly simplified to one of the following suffixes ("X" means anything, but these are rare and are typically with set suffixes) All nouns have their genders distinguished with the developed articles along with their definateness. Definite proximal came from HIC, distal from ILLE , indefinite from ŪNUS (other forms came from analogy with the masculine form), and mass articles came from ŪLLUS. In development, each article developed a sandhi form which follows suit: pure / initial sandhi / final sandhi / both. Initial sandhi is when the preceding word ends with a vowel. Final sandhi is when the following word starts with a vowel. Both is when both the preceding and following words end/begin with a vowel. Initial and both sandhi forms do not apply to mass articles as they do not have them given that they start with consonants.
 * -u : masculine, singular
 * -a : feminine, plural
 * -∅, -X : masculine/feminine, singular
 * -is : masculine/feminine, plural

Possessive

 * Adjectival


 * Nominal

Verb
Verb paradigms experienced the greatest shift from Classic Latin. In modern Nomidian, the is no more conjugation to person, number, or voice. The current forms come from the third person singular forms (although, there are some defective verbs which conjugate only to  one  pronoun or come from another person/number/etc). Although the past remained intact, the future tense was replaced in favor of a paraphrastic construction (by which with other grammatical constructions, various other future and conditional tenses). The imperative form was merged with the indicative present.

Nominal forms of verbs were all but removed, being slimmed until only the past participle and gerund (aka, the present participle). The past participle is called such as it functions as an adjective and a participle; the gerund, however, can only act as a gerund. The infinitive form, however, is formed differently than simply taking the old Latin infinitive. Instead, by analogy, the present subjunctive form has a -r, -ár, -ér, or -ír added to its end (though, this may be irregular).

Paraphrastic Phrases

 * Future
 * baér, baci [present] + infinitive = future
 * baér, baci [future] + infinitive = far future (literary)
 * baér, baci [present] + past participle = future anterior
 * Conditional
 * baér, baci [perfect] + infinitive = conditional
 * baér, baci [pluperfect] + infinitive = conditional perfect
 * Passive
 * seir, fuéi [desired tense] + past participle = passive
 * Miscellaneous
 * etár, etiéi [desired tense] + gerund = progressive aspect
 * faciér, feici [desired tense] + infinitive = causative

Auxiliaries

 * seir, fuéi [sejr, fwej] - to be (aux.)


 * Infinitive: seir
 * Past Participle: sau
 * Gerund: sanu
 * etár, etiéi [eˈtar, eˈtjej] - to be, to feel (aux.)


 * Infinitive: etár
 * Past Participle: etáu
 * Gerund: etanu
 * baér, baci [baˈer, batʃi] - to go (aux.)


 * Infinitive: baér
 * Past Participle: ju
 * Gerund: bagiendu
 * faciér, feici [fatʃjˈer, fejtʃi] - to do, to make (aux.)


 * Infinitive: faciér
 * Past Participle: fayu
 * Gerund: facienu

Classes

 * -ár, -àu [-ar, -ɐʊ̯] : clama, clamàu; gherrha, gherrhàu; lúa, lúàu


 * Infinitive: -ár, -r
 * Past Participle: clamáu
 * Gerund: clamanu
 * -ér, -óe [-er, -oe] : monér, monóe; ponér, pozóe; timér, timóe


 * Infinitive: -ér
 * Past Participle: -tu, -du
 * Gerund: -enu
 * -ír, -i/-èu [-ir, -i/-ɪw] : venír, veni; sendír, senzi; oír, oí

(*) there are many irregular forms of the perfect in this conjugation
 * Infinitive: -ír
 * Past Participle: -tu, -du / -iú
 * Gerund: -ienu

Word List

 * Google Spreadsheet : Voilà

Swadesh List
(*) PS = part of speech

Sentence Examples

 * 1) The baby laughed
 * 2) Our teacher is writing
 * 3) The snow has melted
 * 4) A goat wandered through the forest with her kids
 * 5) When was America discovered?
 * 6) Why are you laughing?
 * 7) A box of growing plants stood in the window
 * 1) When was America discovered?
 * 2) Why are you laughing?
 * 3) A box of growing plants stood in the window

Ulysses and the Cyclops
Latin


 * POST BELLUM TRŌIĀNUM VENIT ULIXĒS CUM XII VIRĪS AD TERRAM CYCLŌPUM. IN CAVERNĀ BONUM CĀSEUM INVENIUNT. DUM EUM EDUNT, CYCLŌPS POLYPHĒMUS IN EANDEM CAVERNAM MAGNĀS OVĒS DŪCIT ET GRÆCŌS VIDET: "QUID VŌS FACITIS IN MEĀ CAVERNĀ? PŒNĀS DABITIS. SĪ MALA CŌNSILIA IN ANIMŌ HABĒTIS." "TRŌIĀ NĀVIGĀMUS," ULIXĒS EĪ DĪCIT. "QUID TŪ NŌBĪS DABIS?" POLYPHĒMUS AUTEM EXCLĀMAT: "STULTE! QUID VŌS, TŪ TUĪQUE CARĪ, MIHI DABITIS?" SINE MORĀ PAUCŌS VIRŌS CAPIT EDITQUE! TUM ROGAT, "QUID TIBI NOMEN EST?" ULIXĒS RESPONDET, "NĒMŌ." DUM SOMNUS POLYPHEMUM SUPERAT, GRÆCĪ ĪNSIDIĀS FACIUNT. TIGNUM IN FLAMMĀ ACCUUNT ET IN OCULUM ISTĪUS MITTUNT. Ō MISER POLYPHĒME! TIBI NŌN BENE EST. ALIĪ CYCLŌPĒS VENIUNT, SET VĒRUM PERĪCULUM NŌN SENTIUNT: "NĒMŌ MĒ NECAT!" POLYPHĒMUS VOCAT. "BENE!" EĪ DICUNT. "VALĒ! GRÆCĪ IGITUR EX CAVERNĀ FUGERE POSSUNT. CÆCUS CYCLŌPS HÆC VERBA AUDIT. "VALĒ! EGŌ NŌN NĒMŌ, SET ULIXĒS SUM!"

English


 * After the Trojan War, Ulysses came with twenty-two men to the land of the Cyclopses. In the cave, they found some good cheese While they were eating it, the Cyclops, Polyphemus, lead a big sheep into his own cave and saw the Greeks. "What are you doing in my cave? I will punish you all; if you have a malicious plan in your hearts." "We are sailing from Troy," Ulysses told him. "What will you give to us?" However, Polyphemus exclaimed, "Fools! What will you give to me that is precious to you?" Without delay, Polyphemus took and ate a couple men! Then he asked, "What is your name?" Ulysses responded, "No one." While Polyphemus was asleep, the Greeks hatched a plan. They sharpend and set ablaze a log and sent it into Polyphemus' eye. Oh, poor Polyphemus. He is not nice to you. Other Cyclopses came, but they didn't sense any real danger: "No one can kill me!" Polyphemus cried out. "Great!" they said to him. "Bye!" The Greeks therefore could leave the cave. The blinded Cyclops heard these words, "Bye! I'm not 'no one,' I'm Ulysses!"

Nomidian
 * 1) After the Trojan War, Ulysses came with twenty-two men to the land of the Cyclopses.
 * 2) * POST BELLUM TRŌIĀNUM VENIT ULIXĒS CUM XII VIRĪS AD TERRAM CYCLŌPUM.

Sound Changes
Nasal vowels are not affected by vowel changes unless otherwise marked by the sign "+ã" {aɪ̯ aʊ̯ oɪ̯} > {ɛ: ɔ: e:} {pʰ tʰ kʰ} > {f ts x} wj > j w > b / #_ ; {b w} > v / V_(L)V {t s m} > ∅ / _# V: > V {e ɪ o ʊ} > {e e o o} [ɛ́ ɔ́} > {je wo} VN > Ṽ s > z / V_V {k g} > {tʃ dʒ} / _I {t d} > {tʃ dʒ} / _jV {p t k} > {b d g} / V_(L)V {b d g} > {v ð ɣ} / V_(L)V wo > wɔ Vr > rV ! $́ {k g}C > jC {k g} > ŋ / _{r l n} oj > we ; uj > wi j > dʒ / #_ j{n l}, {n l}j , ŋ{n l} , i{n l}V > {ɲ ʎ} {p t k} > {b d g} / V_(L)V {b d g} > {v ð ɣ} / V_(L)V {v ð ɣ} > ∅ / V_(L)V r > χ / V_V C̬: > C̬ˠ: l: > x: n: > ŋg d: > g: r > χ / #_ {ɛ ɔ} > {e o} wɔ > wa l > r / V_V, C_V r > l / _C*, _#  (*only in the same syllable) C: > C x > χ {p t k}l > {p t k}ɬ {s l b} > {h χ w} / _C {u o} > {y ø}+ã / _${j i} {a e o} > {ɐ i u} / Ò kɬ, pɬ > ʎ̝̊ h > ∅ z > ts s > ʃ / _C, _# {p t k} > {h θ χ} ! _# tɬ > ɬ~ɺ̝̊ {b d g} > {v ð ∅} ! _# > {p t k} dʒ > ʃ / #_ r > χ / _#

Consonants

 * B >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * DĒBĒRE > de:be:rɛ > debérɛ > devér > di_ɛ́r > dʒi.ɛ́χ DIÉR
 * v / #_
 * BELLUS > bɛllʊs > bjɛllʷˠo > bjɛwu > vju BIÚ
 * D >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * VIDĒRE > wɪde:rɛ > vedérɛ > veðér > vi_ɛ́r > vi.ɛ́χ VIÉR
 * ð / #_
 * DARE > darɛ > dar > ðaχ DAR
 * dʒ / _{j i}
 * DEUS > dɛ́ʊs > dɛ́o > djɛ́w > dʒí.u DÍO
 * dd > g
 * REDDERE rɛ́ddɛrɛ > rɛddˠre > rɛggri > χɛgri REGGRI
 * G >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * IGITUR  > ɪ́gɪtʊr > égetor > éɣidur > é_jdur > ɨðuχ EDUR
 * χ / #_
 * GRAVIS > grawɪs > grave > χravi > χævi GRHÁVI
 * ʒ / _{j i e}
 * GENTEM > gɛ̃tɛ̃ > dʒjɛ̃te > ʒɛ̃tʃi GENTI
 * gn > ɲ
 * REGNUM rɛgnʊm > rɛgno > rɛɲu > χɛɲu RENHO
 * gʷ > w
 * LINGUA > lɪ̃gʷa: > lẽgʷa > lẽɣʷɐ > lɛ̃wɐ LẼUA
 * P >
 * v / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * CAPUT  > kápʊt > kápot > xǽbu > xævu CÁBO
 * pjV > ʃjV
 * PECTUS  > pɛktʊs > pɛcco > pjɛtʃo > ʃjɛtʃu CIETÇU
 * f / #_
 * PREHENDERE  > prɛhɛ̃ndɛrɛ > prɛ.ɛ̃drɛ > prɛ̃dri > frɛ̃ðri PRENDRE
 * pp > p
 * APPLICĀRE applɪka:rɛ > applekár > appligár > ɐpliáχ > ɐpʎǽχ APPLHÁR
 * T >
 * ð / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * PATREM pátrɛ̃ > pátrɛ > pádre > fæðri PÁDRE
 * ∅ > / _#
 * PREHENDERE  prɛhɛ̃ndɪt > prɛ.ɛ̃det > prɛ̃di_ > frɛ̃dʒi PRENDI
 * θ / #_
 * TŪ > tu: > tu > θu TU
 * tʃ / _{j i}
 * TERRA  > tɛrra > tjɛrra > tjɛrrˠɐ > tʃɛχɐ TIERRA
 * tt > k
 * MITTERE > mɪttɛrɛ > mettˠɛ́r > mikɛχ MICCHÉR
 * K >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * LOCUM  > lɔkʊ̃ > lɔko > lwogu > lɒɣu > oj_u OYU
 * ʃ / _{j i e}
 * ARCEŌ  > árkeo: > árkjo > ártʃju > ǽχʃu ÁRÇU
 * x / #_
 * CAUSA  > kawsa > kɔza > kwozɐ > xojzɐ COIZA
 * kl > ʎ
 * OCULUS > ɔ́kʊlʊs > wogʎu > ɒʎʎu > oʎu OLHU
 * kt > tʃ
 * NOCTEM > noktɛ̃ > nwocce > nɒtʃe > nojtʃi NOITCE
 * kk > k
 * SUCCURRERE > s̵ʊkkʊ́rrɛrɛ > sokkorrˠɛ́r > sukuχɛ́χ SUCCURRÉR
 * QU >
 * w / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * AQUA > akʷa > agʷa > aɣʷa > aw.ɐ > ó.ɐ ÓA
 * xʷ / #_
 * QUANTUS > kʷãtʊs > kʷãto > kʷæ̃du > xʷæ̃ðu QUANDO
 * S >
 * z / {V g}_{V b d g}
 * CAUSA  > kawsa > kɔza > kwozɐ > xojzɐ COIZA
 * ʃ / _C, _#
 * VASTUS > wastʊs > vasto > væʃtu VÁSTU
 * CANĒS > kane:s > kánes > kániʃ > kãj̃ʃ CÃES
 * V >
 * v
 * VASTUS > wastʊs > vasto > væʃtu VÁSTU
 * j / _j
 * BREVIĀRE > brɛwja:rɛ > brɛjjár > brejjár > vrɨjǽχ BREIÁR
 * H > ∅
 * PREHENDERE  > prɛhɛ̃ndɛrɛ > prɛ.ɛ̃drɛ > prɛ̃dri > frɛ̃ðri PRENDRE
 * M >
 * ∅ / _#
 * PERICULUM > pɛrɪkʊlʊ̃ > pɛreklʊ_ > pjɛ́rigʎu > tʃɛ́liʎu > tʃɛ́ʎju TIÉLHIU
 * Vm > Ṽ
 * IMPELLERE > ɪ̃pɛ́llɛrɛ > ɪ̃pɛ́llɛr > ẽbɛ́llʷˠɛr > ɨ̃bɛwiχ ẼMBÉLLIR
 * VmV > ṼvV
 * ANIMUM > ánɪmʊ̃ > ánemo > anẽvu > ɐnɛ̃vu ANẼVU
 * N >
 * Vn > Ṽ
 * VENTUM > wɛ̃tʊ̃ > vɛ̃to > vɛ̃du > vɛ̃ðu VENDO
 * VnV > ṼV
 * CANIS > kanɪs > kane > kãni > kãj̃ CÃE
 * ɲ / _j
 * d
 * nn > ŋg
 * PANNUS > pannʊs > pannˠo > paŋgu > faŋgu PANGO
 * R


 * χ / #_, _#
 * RIVUS > ri:wʊs > río > χíu RÍO
 * COR > kɔr > kwor > kɒχ > xojχ COIR
 * rr > χ
 * ERRĀRE > ɛrra:rɛ > ɛrrár > ɨχæχ ERRÁR
 * l / _C
 * URBEM > ʊrbɛ̃ > orbe > olbi OLBE
 * L >
 * ʎ / _j
 * MELIOR > mɛljɔr > mɛʎor > mɛʎoχ MELHOR
 * ll > w
 * FALLERE > fallɛrɛ > fallɛ́r > fallʷˠɛ́r > fɐwɛ́χ FALLÉR
 * w / _C
 * ALTUS > altʊs > alˠto > awtu ÂUTU
 * J >
 * ʒ / #_
 * JAM jã > jæ > ʒæ JÁ

Vowels
O = open syllable | Ɵ = closed syllable | $ = syllable | acute accent = stressed | grave accent = unstressed
 * Ā & Ă >
 * ɐ / $̀
 * BELLA > bɛlla > bjɛllʷˠa > vjɛwɐ > vjuɐ BIÚA
 * {ã ā̃} > ɐ̃ / $̀
 * æ / Ó
 * JAM > jã > ja > jæ > ʒæ JÁ
 * a / Ɵ́
 * {ã ā̃} > ã / $́
 * ERRĀNS > ɛrrã:s > ɛχã́ʃ > ɨχã́ʃ ERRÂNS
 * {ã ā̃} > ã / $́
 * ERRĀNS > ɛrrã:s > ɛχã́ʃ > ɨχã́ʃ ERRÂNS

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