Barejine

General information
Barejine (native Barzhinrizhe /bɑɾʒɪ̃ɾíʒə/) is a spoken language of the alien Patronans (Parneve /pɑɾnéɸə/) on the planet Patrona (Parune /pɑɾʊ̃́nə/). It is the official language of the country of Barejinia (Barzhine /bɑɾʒɪ̃́nə/), and its many former colonies. Barejinia is situated in the Chevin peninsula (Tshevi), a sub-peninsula of the Edalith peninsula (Âzlez), which is itself a subcontinent of the largest continent of the planet, Chiwar (Tshivar).

Classification
Barejine is a Chevin language (see Proto-Chevin), closely related to Alemarese. It is a direct descendant of True Chevin (Proto-Alemar-Barejine). As a Chevin language, it is also a member of the Edalith macrofamily (see Proto-Edalith).

Consonants
m, n, ny, p, b, t, d, tsh, dzh, k, g, q, g, f, v, s, z, sh, zh, j, h, l, ly, r


 * [q] is an allophone of /k/ before back vowels.
 * [ɢ] is an allophone of /g/ before back vowels.
 * [β] is an allophone of /ɸ/ between vowels.

Monophthongs
i, oi, u, e, eu, o, ê, êu, ô, â, a, in, oin, un, an, e, en


 * There are only four non-marginal nasal monophthongs, not included in the table for brevity: /ɪ̃/, /ʏ̃/, /ʊ̃/, and /ɐ̃/.
 * /u/, /o/, and /ɔ/ are allophonically unrounded to [ɯ], [ɤ], and [ʌ], respectively before the liquids: /l/, /ʎ/, and /ɾ/.
 * There are two marginal phonemes: /ə/ & /ə̃/, which occur only in unstressed word-initial and word-final syllables. Most word-final instances are the result of weakening of low vowels.

Diphthongs
oe, oê, oâ, oa, oian, oan, -oie, -oe, -oien, -oen


 * There are also two nasal diphthongs, not included in the table for brevity: /yɐ̃/, and /uɐ̃/.
 * [yə], [uə], [yə̃], and [uə̃] are allophones of /yæ/, /uɑ/, /yɐ̃/, and /uɐ̃/ when unstressed word-finally.

Stress
Stress is usually on the last syllable of a stem, unless that syllable contains a reduced vowel, in which case the penultimate is stressed. Some suffixes attract stress.

Sound Changes

 * 1) unstressed /e/ disappears before a word-final approximant
 * 2) Initial and final epenthesis of /ǝ/
 * 3) First palatalization
 * 4) Palatalization of /k/ and /g/ before front vowels
 * 5) /k/ becomes /j/ before an obstruent
 * 6) Intervocalic & word-final non-geminate obstruents and those preceding /l/ and /r/ lenite
 * [θ, ð] > [s, z] / V_, > [t, d] elsewhere
 * [t, d, h, x]u > [ts, dz, ɸ, ɸ] / _[V, #]
 * 1) Second palatalization
 * jn, nj, gn, ng > ɲ & ni word-finally
 * jl, lj, gl, lg > ʎ & li word-finally
 * jt, tj, ts > tʃ & jd, dj, dz > dʒ & ti/tsi/di/dzi word-finally
 * js, sj, jx, xj, jh, hj > ʃ & jz, zj, ɣ > ʒ & si/zi/xi/ɣi/hi word-finally
 * 1) monophthongs disappear word-finally after a liquid immediately following a stressed vowel
 * [u, i] > [β, ʒ] before a vowel unless directly following a consonant
 * [u, i] > 0 before a mid-vowel of the same roundedness
 * 1) First lowering: lowering of monophthongs & diphthongs with a first element of /u/ & /i/ before obstruent and liquid codas
 * 2) monophthongization:
 * 3) /ei/ > /e/
 * 4) /ou/ > /o/
 * 5) /au/, /ao/, /uau/, /uao/, /oau/, /oao/ > /ɔ/
 * 6) /ia/, /ea/, /ae/, /ai/, /iae/, /iai/ > /æ/
 * 7) /eu/, /eo/, /ueu/, /ueo/, /io/ > /ø/
 * [u, o] > ɥ / _F and > w / _B
 * 1) /iu/, /ɥi/ > /y/
 * 2) /iɔ/ > /œ/
 * 3) /a/>/ɑ/
 * 4) Second lowering: lowering of monophthongs before liquid codas
 * 5) allophonic unrounding of vowels before liquids
 * 6) Nasalization
 * 7) nasal consonants induce nasalization of preceding vowels
 * 8) coda nasal consonants disappear
 * 9) nasal vowels collapse to /ɪ̃/, /ʏ̃/, /ʊ̃/, and /ɐ̃/
 * 10) /ɥɪ̃/ > /ʏ̃/
 * 11) consonants are lost before liquids
 * 12) Loss of intertonic (between a stressed syllable and the beginning or end of a word) vowels
 * 13) Unstressed low vowels become /ǝ/ when word-final (/ə̃/ when nasal)
 * 14) final /h/ and /hǝ/, as well as /ǝ/ after a vowel disappear
 * 15) /k/ and /q/, as well as /g/ and /ɢ/ merge
 * [q, ɢ] > [k, g]
 * [k, g] > [q, ɢ] / _B
 * 1) length distinctions are lost
 * 2) /ɸ/ and /β/ merge
 * 3) β > ɸ
 * 4) ɸ > β / V_V

Nouns
In dictionaries, regular nouns are given with their genitive form if they are inanimate, which along with the nominative is enough to decline any noun fully. Irregular nouns are given with their genitive plural, as well as their allative singular if it is not predictable from the other two or three forms.

Declension table

 * 1) Animate E nouns' nominative, genitive singular, and vocative plural are -0 for stems ending in a stressed vowel followed by a liquid, a vowel, or a historically /h/ which resurfaces if any other suffix is added.
 * 2) O nouns' nominative singular is -e after consonant clusters or historical consonant clusters. Clusters of an obstruent plus a liquid got simplified. ex. qôle "lower back"
 * 3) O nouns' whose stems ended in an /h/ historically have the /h/ resurface if any other suffix is added.
 * 4) I nouns' nominative is -0 for nouns whose stem ends in /n/, /l/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /x/, or /h/. These stem-final consonant will palatalize. It is also -0 for stems ending in a stressed vowel followed by a liquid. ex. suntsh "tail(s)" and rizôr "eye(s)"
 * 5) O nouns' genitive plural is -oi after /r/ and -u after /l/, where the /l/ palatalizes. ex. andaroi "cities'" and qôlyu "lower backs'"
 * 6) Preceding vowels usually lower before inanimate null suffixes, the presence and degree of lowering is not predictable from the nominative singular. ex. noêzh "game" (stem noezh-)

Personal pronouns

 * 1) Pronouns are the only part of speech which have a separate accusative case. These are also used after prepositions where nouns would use the nominative.
 * 2) Possessive pronouns are determiners, and agree with following nouns in case, gender, and number.
 * 3) The reduced forms are used before words beginning with vowels.

Present tense
The present tense is used for ongoing current events and states.


 * 1) 1s is -0 for nouns whose stem ends in /n/, /l/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /x/, or /h/. These stem-final consonant will palatalize. It is also -0 for stems ending in a stressed vowel followed by a liquid. ex. s agaly "I am singing" and soi fur "I am lying" ex. s ôdzh "I give", t oza "you give", oze "it gives", nav ozen "we give", tsh ozar "you all give", ozà "they give"

Conjunctions
oz/z (and), e...e... (either or), tâ...tâ... (and/or), no (but/yet), gâ/pirâl (because/for), uve (if)

Numbers
Though Patronans have ten fingers in total, the most common base for numerals (talantoi) is 8 (octal) which was spread by Alemarese and Barejine-speakers across most of Patrona. Typically, finger-counting starts with the thumbs out, the first finger being the index, etc.

Numbers are nouns declined according to form. The item they tell the quantity of is rendered in the genitive before them. ex. rante dzhan "nine people"

Anatomy

 * jêroizhe "body"
 * qal/qaloi "skin"
 * rajne/rêjnì "hair"
 * firoine "head"
 * meudzhume "face"
 * paldù "mouth"
 * fuzhe "lip"
 * odzhe "tongue"
 * edzh/idzhì "tooth plate"
 * kè/keui (irr. O-class, gen. pl. keu, all. sg. keun) "head ridge"
 * ozoanre/ozoanroi "nose"
 * tshâr "outer ear"
 * zhezhâr "inner ear"
 * rizôr/rizurì "eye"
 * qamôzh/qamozhì "neck"
 * folề/folehoi "throat"
 * delyêz/delyedoi "shoulder"
 * qôle/qôloi "lower back"
 * suntsh/suntì "tail"
 * limù (irr. an., gen. pl. limohà, all. sg. limuhen) "buttock"
 * mane "chest"
 * fale "belly"
 * ôlze (irr. an., gen. pl. alsà) "arm"
 * far "hand"
 * tshez/tshedoi "back of the hand"
 * ezanze "digit"
 * leve/levoi "nail"
 * zage "leg"
 * jambe "foot"