Isgalino

Isgalino: Is a language I designed. It is designed to be easy to learn and is based on English, Spanish, Italian and various others. Scroll down and you'll see the Alphabet pronunciation and then Diphthongs, they will show you how the language is pronounced. From then on you will be able to read and pronounce the language correctly.

=Alphabet Pronunciation= The letter and how they sound in English words. (Bracketed symbols are IPA for English)

A- Ant. [æ]

B- Big. [b]

C- Car. [k]

K- Kid. [k]

D- Dog. [d]

E- End. [ɛ]

F- Fox. [f]

G- God. [ɡ]

H- Hot. [h]

I- EEl. [iː]

J- Job. [dʒ]

L- Lot. [l]

M- Mob. [m]

N- Nip. [n]

O- On. [ɒ] and [oʊ] ''Or like the "O" in "No". When at the end of words.''

P- Pop. [p]

R- Rat. [r] or [ɾ]

S- Sat. [s]

T- Top. [t]

U- BOO. [uː]

V- Val. [v]

W- Win. [w]

Y- You. [j]

Z- Zed. [z]

Letters (Q,X) are not used in the Isgalino alphabet and are replaced according to a more regular phonetic system in Isgalino. (C and K both represent the same sound and can be used alternatively). Q is replaced with C & U or K & U both connected together, for example this happens in other Isgalino words G & U connected together make a similar sound. Like in Spanish "Cuando" or Italian "Lingua". X is replaced with C & S or K & S, the S followed after the C or, alternitively K & S.

Diphthongs
Other alphabetical sounds represented by more than one letter; Compared to the pronunciation in English.

Another thing to take notice to is the O at the end of a word in Isgalino is pronounced like in the English word "No". But in a word, not at the end, it is pronounced as a standard Isgalino O. Although when a noun which has "o" at the end is pluralised the "o" does not make the long "o" sound that it would normally make at the end of a word, it instead makes a normal "o" like it would inside a word. E.g. Le stanos.

(Bracketed symbols are IPA for English)

EY long A in English Game. [eɪ]

AY long I in English Friday. [aɪ]

OY like in English Toy. [ɔɪ]

CH like in English Chocolate. [tʃ]

SH like in English Shock. [ʃ]

JH like in the French Bonjour. [ʒ]

AO like in the English Cow. [aʊ]

AU like in English Audience. [ɔː]

OU rarely used in Isgalino but when used is only used at the start of the word or within it and is not required at end. Represents sound like in English Code.

CU/KU like in English QU. E.g. Question.

GU like in Italian GU. E.g. Lingua. (When followed by o, a, i,e)

TH like in English TH. E.g. The or Thin. [ð] or [θ]

=Basic Grammar= Isgalino uses a similar grammatical construction to Italian and Spanish. The language uses the normal Subject-Verb-Object used in English and other european languages. The construction of grammar isn't unusual and follows many of the same rules as other European languages. The noun before adjective rule of many languages can be used in Isgalino, but the user can change this to what they prefer;

Le grio lufo sereyos feliso.

Le lufo grio sereyos feliso.

Common verbs
English- Isgalino

Isgalino verbs in their present form always end in "EY".

To/Be- Serey

To/Do- Adey

To/Go- Ey

To/Feel- Sentey

To/Move- Movey

To/Have- Teney

To/Want- Cierey

To/Function/work- Functey

To/Work- Trabacey

To/Need- Nesitey

To/Look- Servey

To/Learn- Lerney

To/Make- Bildey

To/Whisper- Nisapley

To/Talk- Sapley

To/Shout- Melisapley

To/Lose- Perdey

To/Ask- Askey

To/Walk- Cariney

To/Run- Melicariney

To/Sit- Nipiey

To/Stand- Piey

To/Jump- Soltey

To/Come/arrive- Arivey

To/Think- Pensey

To/Know- Sabey

To/Like- Gustey

To/Laugh- Rey

To/Kill- Keley

To/Forward- Fentrey

To/Back/backward- Nifentrey

To/Help- Helpey

To/Fish- Pesey

To/Farm- Graney

To/Buy- Comprey

To/Catch- Cogey

To/Use- Usey

An example sentence using some of the verbs above:

Le graneyjo serveyos i serveyos ad e peseyjo, li sereyos peseygo in il agua.

In Isgalino there is no word for "went" instead it is the past tense of the verb "go". For example;

Le nijo eyos a skola.

Common adjectives
English - Isgalino

Happy- Feliso - Sad - Nifeliso

Beautiful- Bwelo - Ugly - Nibwelo

Hungry - Famino - Full - Nifamino

Thirsty- Sedo - Not thirsty - Nisedo

Intelligent- Intelijento - Unintelligent - Niintelijento

Big- Grando - Small - Nigrando

Hard- Duro - Soft - Niduro

Nice- Agriablo - Nasty - Niagriablo

Kind- Bono - Unkind - Nibono

Angry- Enrajo - Calm - Nienrajo

Suffixes
English suffixes;

-ize/-ise

-fy

-ly

-able/-ible

-ful

-ness

-less

-ism

-ment

-ist

-al

Many of these suffixes are also used in Isgalino.

The suffix ly modifies the root-word from an adjective into an adverb.

Le nija felison carineyos a shio skola.

The n turns an adjective to an adverb in Isgalino.

Word gender
In Isgalino to say "The" we would say Le.

A noun ending with "o" means that the noun is masculine.

A noun ending with "a" means that the noun is feminine.

A noun ending with any other letter means it is neither masculine or feminine, and so the "Le" word for "The" is used.

''Cueno es le depey tren? Jhores le nija nesitey fintrey et in le ora.

Translation; "When is the next train? Because the girl needs to find it in the hour".

Jhores means Because in English, it is a mixture of two words, jhor= for, and es= is.

Jhora means Why in English, it's a mixture of the words, jhor= for, and cey= what.

Although "jhor-cey" is acceptable. The line separating jhor from cey is used to indicate to the reader that the phrase means "Why".

Pronouns
English - Isgalino

I- Mi

(Me does not exist in Isgalino, Mi means both I, and Me.)

He- Li

She- Shi

It- Et

They- Lis

We- Mis

You- Thi

You all/lot- This

Is there some kind of relation between the pronouns? You might ask. There in fact is. The relation is hard to explain in English because English or any other language simply doesn't use a relationship like this, but I will try to explain, once this relationship is understood the pronouns are very easy to understand.

For example, "Li" means "He", and so in Isgalino to say "They" we say "Lis", it literally translates in English as "Hes", literally a pluralization of "He". Why is "He" used when talking about something that has no particular gender? Well that is because in Isgalino masculine nouns etcetera are dominant.

The same thing happens with "We", in Isgalino "Mi" means "I" so to say "We" you would say "Mis" which literally translates in English as "I's", a pluralization of "I".

The same thing happens with "Thi", which means "You". So to pluralize "You" we say "This". Literally "You lot".

Although this concept is unusual and maybe slightly confusing at first when it is understood it makes the pronouns of Isgalino very simple and gives them a good relationship.

Possessive Pronouns
English - Isgalino

My- Mio

Your- Thio

His- Lio

Her- Shio

Our- Lios

You lot's- Thiso

Their- Liso

Its- Eto

The pronouns are the route, the "o" indicates possession. It also makes remembering them much easier.

Tense
Isgalino has its own way of expressing tense, past, present, future & present continuous(Usually used to express continuing, ongoing actions which are taking place at the moment of speaking or writing.)

Verbs in Isgalino always end in EY, this means the verb is in the present tense. Below is how to change the tense from just present to past, future and present continuous.

To make a verb the past tense in Isgalino we add OS to the end.

To make a verb the future tense in Isgalino we add AS to the end.

To make a verb a present continuing we add GO to the end.

For example, "Michael thought he had a problem running". This would be, "Mikel penseyos li teneyos e problem melicarineygo".

In the sentence "pensey" is the verb "think" so the past tense is "os". "Melicariney" is the verb "run" so to make Melicariney present continuing we add "go".

=Dictionary= In Isgalino there is a smaller amount of vocabulary compared to other languages. This makes learning it much easier and reduces the amount of words needed to be learned.

To make something opposite we add "NI" to the front of the word. For example "Nibon". This means "Bad". If we actually breakdown the word it is easier to understand why it is like that. "Bon" means "Good", and so if "Ni" means opposite or not something then "Nibon" means "Not good/bad".

This basis works for many words in Isgalino, mainly adjectives & verbs. These adjectives are split from the Other languages' adjectives into Primary adjective and Secondary adjectives of Isgalino. For example Beautiful is a Primary adjective and Ugly is a Secondary adjective, as beautiful is more Prime or Original than Ugly. So to say Beautiful it is "Bwelo", so ugly is the adjective which is changed, so ugly is "Nibwelo".(Bear in mind this example is fairly difficult to possibly explain but I'll show you another easier more logical one.) Another example is Talk which is the Primary verb, (Mainly primary verbs/adjectives are more important than Secondary verbs/adjectives or are louder, faster, or more beneficial.) Talk/Speak in Isgalino is "Sapley" so to say "Whisper" we would say "Nisapley".

This same rule also concerns making something more something,"Meli" is the thing we use for this. For example we know if Sapley is talk then "Shout" is simply "Melisapley".

=Example text=

1) Le stano ruo serveyos ad le lufo grio, bero le lufo no pensey de le stano, li carineyos niad.

2) Saluto, mio namo es Forsa. Mi livey in Isgalina, Valey De Hiros. Et es il sita prinsipal de Isgalina. Mi serey liveygo in Isgalina jhor desantrio anyos. Mi liveyos in Portugalina jhor duo anyos, mi sereyos natasey in Portugalina.

1) The red dog looked at the grey wolf, but the wolf didn't think about the dog, he walked away.

2) Hello, my name is Forsa. I live in Isgalina, "Valey De Hiros". It is the capital city of Isgalina. I have been living in Isgalina for thirteen years. I lived in Portugal for two years, I was born in Portugal.

Connectives
Isgalino - English

Con- With

Nicon or Nocon- Without (Literally "Not with").

No- Not (E.g. Mi no sabey)

Ad- At

Niad- Away (Literally "Not at").

I (Written lower-case when not at the start of a sentence.) - And

Bero- But

O- Or

Jhores- Because

A- To

E- A

Mas- More

Nimas- Less

Es- Is

Et- Is

Le- The

Who, what, when, where, why, etc.
English - Isgalino

Who- Ciey

What- Cey

Which- Ceya

When- Cueno

Where- Cueney

Why- Jhora

This- Esa

That- Eso

There- Hia

Here- Hio

Phrases
English - Isgalino

Good morning- Bon mino

Good day- Bon dio

Good evening- Bon sentrey dio

Good night- Bon noto

Hello- Saluto

Goodbye- Nisaluto

Welcome- Bonsaluto

Thank you- Grasi

Please- Plejho

How are you- Como es thi?

Yes- Si (Also means "Always".)

No- Nisi

The fact that- Le fecto eso

The thing is- Le coso es

In fact- In fecto

Colours
English - Isgalino

Colour- Coloro

White- Blanco (Also means "Blank".)

Grey- Grio

Black- Nero

Blue- Bluo (Also means "Sky".)

Red- Ruo

Green- Greno (Also means "Grass".)

Purple- Perplio

Yellow- Yelo

Numbers
Isgalino - English

Ono- One

Duo- Two

Trio- Three

Cuatro- Four

Fifo- Five

Seso- Six

Seto- Seven

Oto- Eight

Novo- Nine

Des- Ten

To say eleven in Isgalino we simply say "Desiono". Literally "ten and one". Des means ten, i means and, Ono means one. This pattern continues until twenty and up. The "o" in "Duodes" can be pronounced like it is at the end of a word because the word is a compound.

Duodes- Twenty

Triodes- Thirty

Cuatrodes- Forty

Fifodes- Fifty

Sesodes- Sixty

Setodes- Seventy

Otodes- Eighty

Novodes- Ninety

Sent- One hundred

Food & Drink
Food and drink as a whole contains a large amounts of various nouns. Including animals, fruit, vegetable, and various drinks. In that case I will go over some of the things you'll need when talking about food and drink.

Meats/fish
English - Isgalino

Pork- Pigo (Literally "Pig".)

Beef- Buca (Literally "Cow".)

Bacon- Pigo thino (Literally "Thin pork".)

Chicken- Choyo

Turkey- Teko

Fruits - Frutos
Apple- Aplo

Raspberry- Ruo bera

Blueberry- Bluo bera

Pear- Pera

Pineapple- Pinaplo

Orange- Oranca

Banana- Banana

Kiwi- Kiwi

Mango- Mango

Random food & Drink
English - Isgalino

Rice- Ris

Pasta- Pasta/Spaghetti- Spageti

Soup- Supa

Sausage- Salcho

Bread- Poma

Pasty- Pomo

Cake- Torto

Egg- Ovo

Milk- Lachey

Water- Agua

Juice- Juso

Flour- Florina

Sugar- Sugo

Salt- Sal

Pepper- Pepa

Oil- Oylo

Olive Oil- Oylo oliva

Pastry- Pastri

Professions (English - er, ist, cian.) (Isgalino - jo.)
English - Isgalino

Artist - Artajo

Scientist - Siensajo

Psychiatrist - Sicistrajo

Guitarist - Gutareyjo

Farmer - Graneyjo

Musician - Musicajo

Magician - Majicajo

Physician - Sanajo (Also Doctor)

Historian - Istorajo

Fisher - Peseyjo

(To make the professions above feminine you change the ending from "Jo" to "Ja".

Subjects
English - Isgalino

Music- Musica

Art- Arta

Maths- Mateymatica

Science- Siensa

Philosophy- Filosofa

Psychiatry- Sicistra

History- Istora

Language- Lingua

Countries & Nationality
English - Isgalino

In Isgalino countries end in "a". Nationality or language of a country end in "o".

For example; Mi serey Ingalino. (I am English).

Similarly to say that you speak English you say; Mi sapley Ingalino.

To say you're from England you say; Mi serey de Ingalina.

England- Ingalina

English - Ingalino

Portugal- Portugalina

Portuguese - Portugalino

America- Ameriga

American - Amerigo

Spain- Spanya

Spanish - Spanyo

France- Fransa

French - Franso

Italy- Italia

Italian - Italio

Germany- Germana

German - Germano

Household nouns
English - Isgalino

House- Hasa

Door- Portelo

Window- Viza

Window ledge- Bordo viza

Shelf/ledge/rim/edge- Bordo

Carpet- Carpeto

Stairs- Esculatero(s)

Room- Chambo

Bedroom- Chambo de beda

Bathroom- Chambo de toleto

Garage- Garajho

Garden- Jhardino

Animals
Dog- Stano

Cat- Shato

Rabbit- Coneglo

Bird- Barelo

Bear- Obo

Butterfly- Farelo

Wolf- Lufo

Grey wolf- Lufo grio

Fox- Vulpo

Coyote- Coyoto

Squirrel- Dano

Parts of the body
English - Isgalino

Head- Keb

Nose- Nazo

Mouth- Bosha

Ear- Oydo

Eyes- Oco(s)

Teeth- Dento(s)

Hair- Capelo (Hair is classed as a singular noun when describing the hair of your head.)

Neck- Nek

Chest- Torso

Back- Nitorso

Leg- Lim

Knee- Limcervo (Leg curve)

Foot- Pio

Toe- Piodedo

Arm- Bracho

Elbow- Brachoucervo (Arm curve)

Hand- Hando

Finger- Dedo

Organs
Heart- Curo

Lungs- Pulon

Liver- Actum

Skin- Piel

People
English - Isgalino

Man- Jo

Woman- Ja

Boy- Nijo

Girl- Nija

Father- Padro

Mother- Padra

Brother- Nipadro

Sister- Nipadra

Son- Dejo (Literally "Of man".)

Daughter- Deja (Feminine version of "Dejo".)

Adult- Adulto

Child/baby- Niadulto

Talking about yourself
Describing yourself, where you're from and where you live.

My name is --- (In Isgalino this phrase does exist but we simply say;) Mi serey --- (Which means I am.)

I am --- years old (In Isgalino we say something slightly different;) Mi serey ajo --- (Which means I am age ---)