Vanadovian

Classification and Dialects
The Vanadovian language is an Southern Oghur language spoken in the Vanadovian Commonwealth. It contains a lot of Slavic vocabulary however, which makes it unintelligible to other speakers of Turkic languages.

Writing System

 * Vowel reduction is a phenomenon in Vanadovian, if the vowel is unstressed. /a/ reduces to /ɐ/, /ɛ/ to /ɪ/ and /ɔ/ to /ɐ/
 * Palatalization of a consonant is induced by following letters : Е, I, Ь, Я, Ѥ, Ї and Ю (even if Е is reduced)
 * The iotified vowels Я, Ѥ, Ї and Ю are never submitted to vowel reduction
 * The letter Ѐ indicates firstly that no palatalization is being induced by the phoneme /ɛ/ and secondly that the phoneme /ɛ/ is not reduced to /ɪ/ even if it should normally
 * The letter Л is pronounced /w/, if at the end of a word or if followed by another consonant
 * The letter Ъ has three purposes : firstly, it may stand as a ligant vowel between two consequent consonants in a same word ; secondly, it may indicate that the stressed vowel /ɛ/ does not induce palatalization ; thirdly, it may be a remnant of a Slavic spelling
 * To better illustrate the difference between the letter E, Ѐ and Ѥ, here a synoptical table :

Base Grammar
The Base Grammar (Базiграматiк) as called by the Vanadovian linguists is the set of grammatical rules and aspects that have to be understood first before explaining further grammatical consepts. The Base Grammar contains following topics :
 * Nouns
 * Indicative Present and Infinitive Present
 * Simple negation
 * Modal verbs
 * Adjectival Verbs
 * Aspects and telicity

Nouns
Nouns in Vanadovian decline in an agglutinative way in different cases. Vanadovian nouns may be singular or plural. The cases are : nominative-accusative, vocative, dative, genitive, locative, instrumental, comitative, ablative, illative, translative and partitive. To the case and plural endings, additional suffixes may be added to indicated the definiteness of the nouns : In Vanadovian, there's an additional aspect to consider for the noun, especially for the noun declension. If a word has it's stress on the /i/-vowel, the /i/-vowel changes to an /ɛ/-vowel, while it undergoes a case change, e.g. : iднат (=future - nominative-accusative singular) --> еднатiн (dative singular), but : iднатлерь (nominative-accusative plural - it is not a change in case!)
 * neutral : -дè ; e.g. : Ергiклерьдè черèм. (=I see the men.)
 * distal : -вè ; e.g. : Ергiклерьвè черèм. (=I see those men.)
 * proximal : -гè ; e.g. : Ергiклерьгè черèм. (=I see these men.)
 * topic : -до ; Ергiклерьдо черèм. (=I see the men, who we talked about before.)

Indicative Present and Infinitive Present
The Indicative Present is considered by Vanadovian linguists as the base tense. In order to form the Indicative Present of a verb, it is helpful to know the Infinitive Present of the verb, which is also the dictionnary form of a verb. The majority of the verbs in Vanadovian are regular (except the modal verbs). * The difference between о, онек, то and онварь will be explained in the chapter discussing the pronouns
 * The Indicative Present is used in order to express present situations or future situations, which are considered to be sure to happen according to the speaker, e.g. : Ехдень черèм. (=I see a house. - present situation) ; Вътря Америкает учèм. (=Tomorrow, I'm going to fly to America.)
 * Verbs may undergo an iotation for the first person singular and the third person plural in the Indicative Present, if their stem ends with : /m/, /p/, /b/, /f/, /v/, /n/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /k/, /g/, /x/ or /h/. Those consonants change to /mʎ/, /pʎ/, /bʎ/, /fʎ/, /vʎ/, /ɲ/, /tɕ/, /dʑ/, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /ʎ/, /c/, /ɟ/, /ɕ/ and /ʑ/, e.g. : Кнеhаї вокѥм. (=I'm reading a book. - /kɲɛhaji: vɔ c ɛm/)
 * The paradigm change that the first person singular and third person plural present, seem to be caused by the Slavic influence Vanadovian was submitted to (compare Bulgarian -a / -aт, Russian and Ukrainian -у / -ут paradigms). So here, it becomes very important to see the difference and pronounce it correctly : черèм (=I see) /tɕɛrɛm/ ≠ черeм (=we see) /tɕɛrjɪm/ and черè (=they see) /tɕɛrɛ/ ≠ черe (=he/she/it sees) /tɕɛrjɪ/

Vocabulary
The percentage of the origins of the listed vocabulary will be shown here :
 * Turkic : 70%
 * Slavic : 23%
 * Other : 7%