Nutzi

= The Language of Nutzi = ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...

yu so zno ẑatlmi nlu motye yu ellu e zno sinpya myu lo

Pronunciation: /ju so zno ʑaˈtlmi nlu moˈtje ju eˈllu e zno sinˈpja mju lo/

Nutzi word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p q s t z ɕ ɣ ʀ ʃ ʑ ʔ ʛ ʧ β

Click IPA symbols for audio Vowel inventory: a e i o u Syllable structure: (C)(C)(C)V ?

Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable ?

Word initial consonants: bl bn d dl f fs fsk fsp fst fʀ g gj gl h hj j k kl ks kst kʃ l m mj n nj nl pf pl q s sf sl t tm tʀ tʃt z zj zm zn ɕ ɣ ɣl ʀ ʃ ʃl ʃn ʑ ʛ ʧ ʧl β

Mid-word consonants: b bj bn bst bz d dg dj dn dt dʃ f fg fh fk fst ft ftl fɣ fʃ g gb gd gg gj gk gs gt gts gtt gz gʃ h hb hj hk hm ht j jdn jk jm js jsk jz k kb kf kj kk kkj ks ksf ksj ksk ksm ksp kst kt ktf ktl kts ktʃ kʧ l lb ld ldf ldh ldl ldn lf lfd lfm lft lg lh lj lkj ll llg lm lmn ln lpf lpl lsh lsk lst lt ltj lts ltz ltʃ lz lʧ m mb mbj mbl mbʀ mf mfl mft ml mm mn mnd mng mp mpf mpj mpl mpt mpʃ mpʧ ms mst mt mtʃ n nb nbl ndb ndf ndj ndk ndl ndm ndn nds ndt ndz ndʃ nf nfj nfl ng ngj ngl ngz ngʀ nj nk nkj nkl nkt nkʃ nlj nmj nn nnj npj npl ns nsf nsj nsk nsl nsm nsp nst ntb ntf nth ntj ntk ntl ntm nts ntʃ ntʔ nzl nzp nʃ nʃs nʔ nʧ p pf pk pl pm pp ppl psj pst ptʃ pʃ q qd qq s sb sg sh skj skl sp spj spl ss st stf stg stj stk stl stm stn stʃ sz sʧ t tbl td th tj tk tl tlm tn tp tsd tsj tsm tst tt tth tts tz tɕ tʀ tʃl tʃm z zb zd zh zj zk zm zt ɕ ɣ ɣj ʀ ʃ ʃk ʃl ʃpl ʃpʀ ʃs ʃtʃ ʃʧ ʑ ʔ ʔd ʔm ʛ ʧ ʧf ʧg ʧl ʧm β

Word final consonants:∅

Spelling rules:

Grammar
Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.

Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.

Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns
Nouns have three cases:


 * Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
 * Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
 * Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

Articles
Uses of definite article that differ from English:


 * Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
 * Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:


 * Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
 * Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Verbs
Nutzi uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.

Nutzi uses a standalone particle word for progressive: Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).

Nutzi uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Numbers
Nutzi has a base-20 number system:

1 - zo

2 - nu

3 - ge

4 - la

5 - egtte

6 - zi

7 - achi

8 - tra

9 - gangroʻi

10 - ihya

11 - sita

12 - uqde

13 - ĝliho

14 - ontbu

15 - enfi

16 - zmaltostfe

17 - koppli

18 - blugbe

19 - dlesgi

20 - pfupfi

21 - pfupfizo “twenty-one”

400 - tri “fourhundred”

401 - tri yu zo “fourhundred and one”

800 - nu tri “two fourhundred”

8000 - gyi “eightthousand”

Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ʀo

Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -sʧo

Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -mbʀa

Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ndlo

Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ʃplu

Noun to verb = Suffix -ɕu

Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -zbo

Tending to = Suffix -fʃe

Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ke

Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -nba

One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -lbe

Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -so

Diminutive = Suffix -npla

Augmentative = Suffix -do

Nutzi - English Dictionary Key: spelling /pronunciation/ part of speech. definition(s)

adj. adjective | adv. adverb | art. article | conj. conjunction | det. determiner | interj. interjection | n. noun | num. numeral | prep. preposition | pron. pronoun | v. verb


 * a /a/ v. have, take, experience, remove, deprive, take away, possess, get, include
 * adgo /adˈgo/ n. shield, armor
 * aĝi /aˈɣi/ n. advice
 * aktle /akˈtle/ v. look, glance
 * alya /aˈlja/ n. prey
 * amnga /amnˈga/ n. rate
 * anka /anˈka/ n. purpose, ambition, reason
 * anshsi mai /anʃˈsi maˈi/ n. toe
 * apme /apˈme/ n. vehicle
 * ashso /aʃˈso/ n. alcohol
 * atsteshplu /atsˈteʃplu/ adj. cultural
 * aykostfi /ajˈkostfi/ n. impulse
 * blaẑi dafstu /blaˈʑi dafsˈtu/ n. fox
 * bli /bli/ n. sun, light
 * blofshu /blofˈʃu/ conj. until
 * blugbe /blugˈbe/ num. eighteen
 * bnastyi /bnasˈtji/ n. land, earth, planet
 * bnintma /bnintˈma/ v. catch
 * bno /bno/ n. idea, concept
 * chagtso /ʧagtˈso/ adj. huge
 * chegbopshi /ʧegˈbopʃi/ n. secret, mystery
 * chinyo /ʧiˈnjo/ v. chase
 * chiẑi /ʧiˈʑi/ adj. little
 * chlo /ʧlo/ pron. ours
 * cho /ʧo/ v. offer, bid
 * chupke lu /ʧupˈke lu/ n. yesterday
 * dafstu /dafsˈtu/ n. dog
 * daksku /daksˈku/ n. shit
 * delte /delˈte/ n. quality
 * dinsa /dinˈsa/ n. louse
 * dle /dle/ n. building
 * dli /dli/ det. several
 * dog’i /doˈʛi/ n. family
 * duhastla /duˈhastla/ v. deal
 * dupfe /dupˈfe/ n. fact
 * efa /eˈfa/ v. buy, purchase, shop
 * eʻa /eˈʔa/ v. display, show off
 * emflu /emˈflu/ n. baby
 * eni /eˈni/ v. burn, ignite, simmer
 * enzpu /enzˈpu/ v. roll, revolve, rotate
 * eqoŝu /eˈqoɕu/ v. have sex
 * etblu /etˈblu/ v. agree, admit, compromise
 * falhi /falˈhi/ n. trade
 * fazha /fazˈha/ n. car
 * fihto /fihˈto/ n. fan (enthusiast)
 * fo /fo/ adv. here
 * fre /fʀe/ n. body
 * fronfandbe /fʀonˈfandbe/ n. nut
 * fsa /fsa/ adj. fat, big, obese
 * fsaʻdu /fsaʔˈdu/ n. stock
 * fsede tati /fseˈde taˈti/ n. wildlife
 * fskaŝu /fskaˈɕu/ v. hope
 * fskomli /fskoˈmli/ n. mirror
 * fspakspuro /fspaksˈpuʀo/ adv. recently
 * fsta yendsa /fsta jendˈsa/ n. rainbow
 * fstoro /fstoˈʀo/ adj. early
 * fudno /fudˈno/ n. valley
 * g’apo /ʛaˈpo/ n. mass
 * g’entsho /ʛentˈʃo/ v. vomit
 * g’okso /ʛokˈso/ n. wealth
 * g’usa /ʛuˈsa/ adj. hard, difficult
 * gahmo /gahˈmo/ v. wait, stay, remain, linger
 * gangrete /gangˈʀete/ n. page
 * ĝazdo /ɣazˈdo/ n. menu
 * gepfi /gepˈfi/ n. park
 * gimtshahto /gimtˈʃahto/ n. industry
 * glakfi /glakˈfi/ n. level
 * ĝlazbo /ɣlazˈbo/ det. enough
 * ĝlessi /ɣlesˈsi/ v. swim
 * glischo /glisˈʧo/ n. difference
 * glu /glu/ v. serve, treat
 * ĝluptsho /ɣluptˈʃo/ n. sound, music
 * ĝolla /ɣoˈlla/ n. kettle
 * gozkalzu /gozˈkalzu/ n. vocabulary
 * gunpyo /gunˈpjo/ n. gold
 * gyangeke /gjanˈgeke/ n. protection
 * gyensmi /gjensˈmi/ n. administration
 * gyosta /gjosˈta/ n. acid
 * hahtu /hahˈtu/ v. criticize
 * hazma /hazˈma/ n. letter (of an alphabet)
 * hempo /hemˈpo/ v. wake, wake up, get up
 * himse /himˈse/ n. year, age
 * hokske /hoksˈke/ v. set
 * huldna /huldˈna/ v. avoid
 * hyalzalbe /hjalˈzalbe/ n. florist
 * hyilfa /hjilˈfa/ n. crystal, prism
 * hyu /hju/ det. any
 * ifĝe /ifˈɣe/ adj. sharp, acute, steep
 * iʻdilme /iʔˈdilme/ n. exam
 * ilma /ilˈma/ v. discuss, consult
 * indni /indˈni/ n. grandfather
 * ippi /ipˈpi/ n. station
 * ita /iˈta/ adj. small, little, miniature
 * izaŝu /iˈzaɕu/ v. weigh
 * kayuro /kaˈjuʀo/ adv. especially
 * kenzpa /kenzˈpa/ v. crack
 * kilbe /kilˈbe/ n. player
 * klatha /klatˈha/ n. nail
 * klepkashplu /klepˈkaʃplu/ adj. technological
 * klofgo /klofˈgo/ n. rumor, gossip
 * koppli /kopˈpli/ num. seventeen
 * ksayzi /ksajˈzi/ v. settle, stay
 * kshapforo /kʃapˈfoʀo/ adv. suddenly
 * kshimfe /kʃimˈfe/ n. case, event, situation
 * kshu /kʃu/ n. school
 * ksolya /ksoˈlja/ n. democracy
 * kstippe /kstipˈpe/ n. fiction
 * ku /ku/ v. work
 * kullatsyelbe /kuˈllatsjelˌbe/ n. farmer
 * le /le/ n. room (space)
 * lishcho /liʃˈʧo/ n. mint
 * lunslemta /lunˈslemta/ n. joint
 * mapme /mapˈme/ n. spoon
 * metlmu /meˈtlmu/ n. excuse
 * mistu /misˈtu/ n. progress, breakthrough
 * motye /moˈtje/ v. stand
 * myamnu /mjamˈnu/ v. forget
 * myindsho /mjindˈʃo/ adj. sad
 * myu /mju/ n. face, forehead, brow, front, facade, surface
 * nashke /naʃˈke/ n. top (clothing)
 * nelfa /nelˈfa/ conj. even
 * nimtu /nimˈtu/ adj. fine
 * nle /nle/ v. change
 * nlondlontme /nlonˈdlontme/ v. judge
 * notuĝi /noˈtuɣi/ v. secure
 * nya /nja/ n. rain
 * nyi /nji/ n. mother
 * obsto /obsˈto/ n. stitch
 * og’e /oˈʛe/ n. spear, lance, pike
 * oʻmo /oʔˈmo/ n. cat
 * okcha /okˈʧa/ n. cabinet, drawer
 * olpli /olˈpli/ n. friend
 * ontbu /ontˈbu/ num. fourteen
 * oshtsho /oʃtˈʃo/ adj. happy
 * otischo /oˈtisʧo/ n. heat
 * pfayoke /pfaˈjoke/ n. perception
 * pfo /pfo/ det. both
 * pfuma /pfuˈma/ adj. clean
 * plachgo /plaʧˈgo/ n. heaven, paradise
 * plapli /plaˈpli/ n. bread
 * pli /pli/ conj. or
 * plo /plo/ det. these
 * plunge /plunˈge/ n. siege
 * qaspye /qasˈpje/ n. money
 * qimsa /qimˈsa/ v. close, shut
 * ra /ʀa/ det. what
 * remike /ʀeˈmike/ n. action
 * rimfleu /ʀimˈfleu/ interj. goodbye
 * roẑuppe /ʀoˈʑuppe/ adj. serious, sincere, severe, sober
 * rupi /ʀuˈpi/ n. evening
 * ŝa /ɕa/ n. morning
 * samngansi /samnˈgansi/ n. meat
 * satalbe /saˈtalbe/ n. dancer
 * sazya /saˈzja/ adj. sorry
 * seipfa /seˈipfa/ n. air, weather
 * senslu /senˈslu/ v. hint, imply, remind, indicate
 * seyzu /sejˈzu/ n. fur
 * sfeke /sfeˈke/ n. question
 * sfinmyu /sfinˈmju/ n. noise
 * sha /ʃa/ n. office
 * shepokfo /ʃeˈpokfo/ v. massage
 * shichme /ʃiʧˈme/ v. like, love, admire, enjoy
 * shipfu /ʃipˈfu/ v. trick, deceive, distort
 * shlansuke /ʃlanˈsuke/ n. belief
 * shlo /ʃlo/ n. will
 * shlulnu /ʃlulˈnu/ n. loop, curl
 * shnekto /ʃnekˈto/ n. bottle
 * shno /ʃno/ adj. high, tall
 * sho /ʃo/ adv. how
 * si /si/ adv. there
 * ŝilzascho /ɕilˈzasʧo/ n. tension
 * sinzlu /sinˈzlu/ n. file
 * sithi /sitˈhi/ n. spring (season)
 * slaymenkta /slajˈmenkta/ v. chew
 * sliyka /slijˈka/ n. language
 * slumngunba /slumnˈgunba/ n. product
 * sogkaspa /sogˈkaspa/ v. cover, protect, muffle
 * sonba /sonˈba/ n. slave
 * sovelbe /soˈβelbe/ n. drain
 * suksma ĝo /suksˈma ɣo/ n. midnight
 * sundyo /sunˈdjo/ v. cross
 * suqira /suˈqiʀa/ n. row
 * suztio /suzˈtio/ n. chest
 * tare /taˈʀe/ n. evidence
 * tei /teˈi/ n. credit (of money)
 * tmaẑe /tmaˈʑe/ n. berry, bean
 * tmoke /tmoˈke/ n. growth
 * tresga /tʀesˈga/ v. date, go out
 * tru /tʀu/ v. run
 * tshti /tʃti/ n. kind, type
 * tshtunkyake /tʃtunˈkjake/ n. laugh
 * tundki /tundˈki/ n. saliva
 * ubno /ubˈno/ adv. else, otherwise
 * ulli /uˈlli/ n. shelf, rack
 * upa /uˈpa/ n. sock
 * uste /usˈte/ v. refer
 * uvu /uˈβu/ n. present (time)
 * vaptsha /βaptˈʃa/ v. provide, cater
 * ve /βe/ prep. for (a period of time or length of distance)
 * vo /βo/ n. rule, law
 * vulma /βulˈma/ adj. probable
 * yakkulbe /jakˈkulbe/ n. liar
 * yegtse /jegtˈse/ n. town
 * yi /ji/ prep. during
 * yinfeke /jinˈfeke/ n. painting
 * yo /jo/ det. all
 * yoyme /jojˈme/ adj. frequent
 * za /za/ prep. for (in favor of)
 * ẑa /ʑa/ adj. big, large, massive, immense, enormous
 * ẑaple /ʑaˈple/ n. bow (decorative material)
 * ze /ze/ prep. over
 * zeshtshe /zeʃtˈʃe/ interj. well
 * ẑipfe /ʑipˈfe/ adj. blue, dark blue
 * zmi /zmi/ v. hit, slap, collide
 * zne /zne/ adv. maybe, perhaps
 * zni /zni/ adv. however
 * znu /znu/ pron. nothing
 * ẑo /ʑo/ prep. like
 * ẑog’eke /ʑoˈʛeke/ n. experience
 * ẑug’a /ʑuˈʛa/ n. helmet
 * zyakcho /zjakˈʧo/ v. slip
 * zyo /zjo/ det.few