Durtish

Dutrish (Dutrish: Dutralïz or ) is the most widely spoken of the Dutronic languages, with about 36 million speakers, mostly in Dutroland and some thousands L2 speakers around the world. It is the official language of the Lumobean province of Dutroland and has many native speakers in northern Volsland and Oghuzia.

Classification
Dutrish is a member of the Dutric branch of the Dutronic language family. There is a high degree of intelligibility between Dutrish and other Dutric languages, including Turdonish and Lebernish. It shares the same features of all the Dutronic languages, such as vowel harmony, agglutination, and classification of nouns in animate and inanimate.

History
The raising and evolution of Dutrish was determined by many geographical and social factors. Firstly, the the Dutronic peoples, who originated in central Buvaria, were among the first people to domesticate the horse, which allowed the expansion of their language. Their advanced equestrian abilities allowed the spread of people speaking Dutronic languages across the Buvarian continent and eastern Lumobea.

As a result, it was in close contact with other languages, specially the Olobic and Elamic languages of the Zidunic and Viyaro-Lumobean families, respectively. Particularly, the Dutric Dutrones brought their language into the Omberian peninsula, where Dutrish evolved. The first registered script of Dutrish was written around the 6thcentury and the first comprehensive dictionary of Dutrish was published in the 12th century.

During its evolution, Dutrish was highly influenced by Olobish and Volsish. It first started following the adoption of Behomatism in the 9th century by the Zaryek Duntrones, the ruling dynasty of the newly formed Azdami {Ottoman} Empire. The administrative language of this state acquired many loanwords of Olobish words directly or through Volsish.

Then, during the 9thand 12th centuries, Dutrish scientific and artistic literature incorporated a big collection of words from Volsish. This variety, called Middle Dutrish or Azdami Dutrish, diverged significantly from the variety spoken by the less-educated and rural members of society, which contained a higher percentage of native vocabulary and served as the basis for the modern Dutrish language.

At the beginning of the 20th century, after the formation of the Dutrish Republic, Dutrish underwent a process of reformation performed by the newly established Dutrish National Language Academy (DNLA) under the patronage of the first elected Prime Minister of Dutroland. The aim of this institutions was the study of Dutrish and the most important task then was to replace loanwords of Olobish and Volsish origin with native Dutrish equivalents.

The DNLA introduced most of the words derived of Dutronic roots, process helped by its agglutinative morphology. Nonetheless, the DNLA also revived words of Old Dutrish which had not been used for centuries since the formation of the Azdami Empire. The ban of the use of loanwords by the press and other media and in the public institutions made this process occur rather quickly.

This sudden change created a generational gap, with more young people speaking the reformed version taught in schools while the older people remained speaking Azdami Dutrish. The role of the DNLA of the coining of new words is a never-ending work. However, some created words sound to artificial and forced, which led to the use of previous or new loanwords. Moreover, some words restored from Old Dutrish have acquired specialised meanings.

Geographic distribution
Dutrish is natively spoken by the Dutrish people in Dutroland and the Dutrish diaspora in some other countries. In particular, Dutrish-speaking minorities exist in regions that formerly belonged wholly or partially to the Azdami Empire, such as Volsland in the United Federation of Hembivolsia, Drotsland, Gurpusland, Atherland, Lumosland and Glenland in Lumobea.

Almost a million Dutrish speakers live in Teudonland; and there are significant Dutrish-speaking communities in the United Federation of Northsnowedland, Kauland, Halzenland {Netherland}, Bumarland, Plozland and Ambland.

Official status
It has official status in Dutroland and has a special status in the United Federation of Lumobea as a lingua franca of the southwestern region of the country. The regulatory body is the Dutrish National Language Academy (DNLA), which serves under the authority of the Dutrish Provincial Ministry of Education and Science.

Dialects and accents
Modern Standard Dutrish is based on the dialect spoken in the capital area of Dutroland, which belongs to Peninsular Dutrish dialects, and constitutes the model of written and spoken Dutrish. With the rising of the DNLA and the support of famous writers, a levelling process has occurred as the standard version was implemented in mass media and in public institutions.

However, in spite of these efforts, dialectal variation persists. It evident in colloquial speech and, even more, in rural areas. There are 5 dialect groups of Dutrish:
 * Insular Dutrish
 * Peninsular Dutrish, from which Standard Dutrish evolved
 * Plains Dutrish
 * Mountain Dutrish
 * Forest Dutrish