Sria

General information
Sria /Sria/ is the official language of the Kingdom of Molivian, and is spoken as a first language by about 514.5 million people. It has a large second language base of about 700 million speakers as of OY 3452, although this number is just an approximation.

Becuase of its status of the official langugage of the Kingdom of Molivian, the language has become the language of international, and intersolar comerce and politics. It is the official language of the Council of 7 (similar to the UN).

Diphthongs
ai /ai/ er /eə/ oi /ɔɪ/ ur /ʊɘ/

Syllable
(C/V)(C)V(C)(C/V)

Above is the consonant structure for Sria. There are a few limitations. A syllable may never end in /h/. If /h/ is the second to last letter of a word, the next letter must be a vowel. A syllable may contain a diphthong, only if it is the main vowel of the word. Digraphs may appear in the slot right before and right after the main vowel. Digraphs must always be followed by a vowel.

Stress
If a word contains /i/, stressed is placed on the first occurrence of /i/. Otherwise, stress is placed on the last vowel of the word.

Verbs
Verbs in Sria are the most grammatically complex part of speech. A lot of information is carried just on the verb, and there are as such many different inflections the verbs can undergo. It is important to be aware of these differences, as they will change the meaning of the sentence dramatically, and are only noted on the verb.

There are 8 grammatical moods in Sria. These are: the indicative, the declarative, the subjunctive, the conditional, the imperative, the hortative, the potential, and the dubitative. There are 3 tenses, which are of course past, present and future. These tenses may be modified with 4 aspects, the perfect aspect, the imperfect 1, the imperfect 2, and the progressive aspect. Verbs also agree with 3 persons, 1st, 2nd informal/formal, and 3rd informal/informal.

The progressive and imperfect aspects, and the perfect and imperfect aspects must exist separately (they cannot be combined) However, the progressive and and the perfect aspects may be combined for moods that have both of them.

Verbs in Sria are moderately irregular, however due to the complex conjugation process, they seem rather irregular.

All verbs end in -ir. This stem is dropped in conjugations for the Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, and Conditional moods, but is left on for the other moods.

The endings in the indicative mood are the ending for most verbs in every mood. Only different conjugations will be noted. Mirir (to think) will be used in most moods, except the conditional, where it is irregular.

The Indicative Mood - Irasfwa
The indicative mood is used for stating actions that have occured for certain, as well as for stating facts and statements that the speaker is sure are correct. Verbs in the indicative mood are formed through one of 3 constructs, depending on which aspect they are being conjugated for. All verbs in the indicative mood conjugate the exact same way. The indicative has all 3 aspects.

Simple and Imperfect 1 and 2 Indicative: These aspects have the simplest constructs, and the construction of the verb is the same for the simple (no aspect), imperfect 1, and imperfect 2 aspects.

The imperfect 1 aspect is used for habitual actions, and is found in every tense. The imperfect 2 apsect is used to describe actions that were started, but not completed/interrupted, and is found in the past and future tense.

Imperfect 1 example: I used to run every day/I run every day/I will run every day

Imperfect 2 example: I was dancing when the music stopped/I was going to dance, but the music stopped.

When conjugating a verb using the following suffixes, the -ir ending drops off. Example conjugation: mirir (to think) Progressive Aspect The aspect marker is the only part that has a unique conjugation. The person/tense is based on the conjugations of the present indicative. For the a tense and aspect, use the 1st person singular conjugation if the verb is agreeing with a singular noun, and the 3rd person plural conjugation if the verb is agreeing with a plural noun. There are two different conjugations, 1st and 2nd. 1st conjugation is for verbs in which the stem starts with a consonant, and 2nd is for verbs in which the stem starts with a vowel

The chat below outlines the conjugations for the aspect marker. The chart below outlines the 2nd conjugations The chart below has example conjugations in the progressive aspects.

Perfect Aspect The perfect aspect has the aspect marker as a separate word in front of the verb. Below are the example conjugaions

Estir and Nimir (to be and to go) in the present indicative.

Estir and Nimir have irregular conjugations in the present indicative. In the simple and imperfect aspects, the conjugations are the same, but the verbs experience a stem change. However, the aspect marker conjugations differs between the 2 in the perfect and progressive tenses.

The stem changes are as followed. The aspects are as follows. Note that estir does not have a progressive aspect. The perfect aspects. Both Estir and Nimir have perfect aspects

Other irregularities

-gir verbs

In order to keep to the /g/ sound, some verbs will insert a u or a r after the g, provided the conjugation starts with /i/, /ai/, or /e/. The u is not pronounced, but the r is, but it experiences a phonetic change to /r/.

The Declarative Mood - Twa
The declarative mood is not heavily used in modern Sria. While it used to have a much larger role, it is currently used to make accusations and is found in religious texts. Some scientific papers also make use of the declarative mood. This mood is still heavily used in some dialects of Sria.

All verbs in the declarative mood take the first two letters of the present imperfect conjugation, irregardless of tense. Tense is marked on the mood marker. Declarative verbs can take any aspect; however, aspects outside of the simple aspect are very rare.

Due the structure of the verb, they are often quite long.

The structure of the declarative mood verb is as follows The mood markers exhibit tense, person, and number, but not formality. This is marked in a separate. The informal verb is not marked, the formal verb is marked with sé.

The chart below outlines the conjugations for the mood marker. All verbs add a connecting i between the verb stem and the mood marker. Below is a chart with example conjugations. Imperfect Aspect

The imperfect aspect does not have a separate aspect marker, but is instead shown by replacing the present imperfect and past imperfect 2 conjugations. Unlike the indicative, the declarative mood only has 1 imperfect aspect. The single imperfect aspect combines the 2 aspects from the indicative mood. Progressive Aspect

The progressive aspect has a separate aspect marker. Unlike in the indicative mood, there is only 1 progressive conjugation. Verbs that start with consonant add an i between the ending of the marker and the beginning of the verb. The progressive aspect agrees with all persons, including formal/informal conjugations Example Conjugations

Perfect Aspect

The aspect marker for the perfect aspect is placed in front of the the verb. It conjugates for singular/plural, and tense. The formal marker is placed before the perfect marker Example conjugations.

Estir is the only irregular verb in the declarative mood.

The declarative mood is the only mood that has the mood marker as part of the verb. All of the other moods place the mood marker before or after the verb, or change conjugations.

The Subjunctive Mood - Soosngu
The subjunctive mood is used to indicate hopes, wishes, and desires. The subjunctive mood has 2 different conjugations, first and second, based on the stem of the verb. The subjunctive is one of 2 moods that exhibit this pattern. The subjunctive mood has all 3 aspects.

Estir and Nimir are both irregular in the subjunctive

The Conditional Mood
The conditional mood is used to express statements the depend on a condition being true. It is used in if, then statements as well. The conditional mood has all 3 aspects.

The Imperative Mood
The imperative mood is used to give commands. The imperative mood has 2 different conjugations, first and second, based on the stem of the verb. The imperative is one of 2 moods that exhibit this pattern. The imperative mood has only the simple aspect.

The Hortative Mood
The hortative mood is used to express pleas, or self-encouragement. The hortative mood has 5 different conjguations, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th conjugations, based on the stem of the verb. It is the only mood that has more than 2 different conjugations.

The hortative mood has neither the progressive or perfect aspects.

The Potential Mood
The potential mood is used to show that the speakers thinks that it is likely (more than 50% chance of occurring) that an event will happen, but is not sure.

The potential mood is very irregular compared to the other moods, with almost 50-60% of all verbs being irregular.

The Dubitative Mood
The dubitative mood is used to express doubt about a certain action. There are only 3 irregular verbs.

Nouns
Sria has maintained some of the case system from its parent language, but it is not as complex today. There are only three cases today, Nominative, Accusative and Dative cases, although occasionally the Genitive case will appear, so the declensions for it will be included on this page. There are 4 declensions, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th declensions.

Sria nouns have picked up the gender system, contrasting with its parent language that had no genders.

Formality plays a very large rule in Sria nouns, and can change the meaning of the entire noun. The rules governeing formality are sometimes difficult for a non - native speaker to pick up on. The basic rules are as follow.

Rule 1: The formality changes the entire meaning of the noun. An informal noun: mansion, a formal noun: a place of a ruler. Informal noun: party, formal noun: formal party. Often times, the informal noun is reserved for common citizens, and the formal version of the noun is used for objects that go along government leader, military leaders, or other important people. This rule also applies to pronouns. He (informal) is a common citizen, she (formal) is a government official, military leader, or another important person.

Rule 2: Verbs, articles, and other parts of speech must agree with formality. He (informal) is tall and He (formal) is tall require a seperate declension and conjugation for the adjective and verb. In addition, possesive nouns must also agree in formality with the noun they posses. His house vs His palace. House is informal (most of the time), so his must be informal. Palace is formal, so his must be formal.

Rule 3: All legal documents are written with formal nouns, articles, verbs, etc.

These rules must be followed at all times. Failure to follow these rules results in a changed meaning of the sentence, and great insult.

1st Declension
The 1st declension is used for nouns that end in vowels.

2nd Declension
The 2nd declension is used for nous that end in aspirated or labialized consonants.

3rd Declension
The 3rd declension is used for nouns that end in f, th, r, and l.

4th Declension
The 4th declension is used for nouns that do not fall into any of the catagories above. Nouns in Sria that don't fall into the nominative, accusative, or dative (sometimes genitive) uses are not declined. Adpositions and word order are used to express other functions, such as location, direct address, movement towards/from a place, etc.