Martian

General Information
Martian (natively Malchan [malˠˈʃã] or la-dyon d Malt [lɘˈðjɔ̃θ ˈmalˠt]) is the sole official and national language of the Democratic Republic of Mars (natively Zepúglca Demarcátca d Malt) which became de facto sovereign nation independent from the spacefaring Chile in the year 2351 (Martian Republican Year 0).

As of MRY 125 (2581 C.E.), Martian has 86 million native speakers and approximately 18 million L2 speakers. Martian is one of a handful of descendants from Chilean Spanish, which became a language of science after the fall of many world powers from 2050 to 2130.

Paz la-venefich d to.

Consonants
There are 18 consonant phonemes. Allophones are in parentheses.
 * 1) /p/ and /k/ and /s/ are allophonically voiced intervocalically, while /t/ and /d/ contrast only in that environment.
 * 2) /ð/ is devoiced word-finally or when adjacent to a voiceless consonant.
 * 3) /l/ and /r/ are velarized in the coda.

Vowels
There are 13 vowel phonemes.
 * 1) /e/ and /ɛ/ contrast only in unstressed syllables. In stressed syllables they merge into an archiphoneme /E/ which is realized as [ɛ] before a coda consonant and [e] elsewhere.
 * 2) /ɘ/ is a phoneme which appears in clitics and word-finally. It cannot be stressed.
 * 3) The only unstressed vowels that can be word-final are /ɘ/ and /i/.

Orthography
The Avese Malchan (Martian Alphabet) is a descendant of the Spanish Latin Alphabet. It contains twenty-three separate characters, eight digraphs, and one separate diacritic.
 *  only appears in the digraphs  and  and in loanwords.
 * An asent aggo (acute accent) is applied to vowels in syllables that are stressed and not word-finally.

Pronouns
Pronouns (Pronorf)

Articles
The indefinite (na-) and definite (la-) articles take the form of clitics that attact to the first word in a noun phrase with a hyphen. When before vowel-initial words, their vowels are dropped.
 * na-sal, la-sal vs. n-águ, l-águ
 * /nɘˈsal/, /lɘˈsal/ vs. /ˈnawɘ/, /ˈlawɘ/
 * "a martian day", "the martian day" vs. "a water", "the water"

Demonstratives
These also function as demonstrative pronouns.
 * ex. Es vin solament por nosort. Vo teni acech águ.
 * "This wine is only for us. You have that water."

Verbs
Infinitives are in -al, -el, and -il.

Medioreflexive voice
The medioreflexive voice is shown by a prefixing clitic sa. It becomes a suffix -s when attached to the infinitive form. It is used for reflexive and reciprocal actions of most verbs. Some verbs undergo unpredictable semantic changes.


 * ex. acusal -to accuse vs. acusals -to confess
 * Êrvi la-peult ileug acusay êlgin! = "Open the door and accuse someone!"
 * Cho eper c-êl s-acus pront. = "I hope he confesses soon."

Copula
Sel [ˈsɛlˠ] {ser} -to be (in essence)

Etal [eˈdalˠ] {estar} -to be (in a state)

Examples
Eperal [ebeˈɾalˠ] {esperar} -to hope

Cozel [koˈʑɛlˠ] {correr} -to run

Ocuzil [oguˈʑilˠ] {ocurrir} -to happen

Categories
V=aɛiouɔe, F=eiɛ, B=aouɔ, U=aɛiou, C=mnɲpbftdsɕjkxglrɾvðɣwhθzʑ, S=ptks, Z=bdgz, G=vðɣ, K=fθj, R=rɾ, N=mnɲ

Changes

 * 1) t//_ɕ
 * 2) sˈb/ˈf/_
 * 3) sˈg/ˈx/_
 * 4) sb/f/_
 * 5) sg/x/_
 * 6) d//ˈ(C)(C)(C)V_
 * 7) ɾ/n/_(ˈ)n
 * 8) b/u/_(ˈ)l
 * 9) Z/G/_
 * 10) j/ɕ/_/V_(ˈ)[C#]
 * 11) i/j/V_
 * 12) i/j/_(ˈ)V/ˈC_
 * 13) u/w/V_
 * 14) u/w/_(ˈ)V/ˈ(C)(C)(C)_
 * 15) R/l/_(ˈ)[C#]
 * 16) r/ʑ/_
 * 17) k//_s
 * 18) s//_(ˈ)[C#]/_[jw]
 * 19) e/ɛ/_(ˈ)C(ˈ)[C#]
 * 20) o/ɔ/_(ˈ)C(ˈ)[C#]
 * 21) V//ˈ(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)_
 * 22) w//_l#
 * 23) x/ɕ/_F
 * 24) x/ɕ/F_(ˈ)[C#]
 * 25) x/ɕ/V_C(ˈ)[C#]
 * 26) x/h/_
 * 27) h//_#
 * 28) N/~/V(j)_(ˈ)[C#]
 * 29) S/Z/V(~)(ˈ)_(ˈ)V
 * 30) [pc]//_(ˈ)t
 * 31) tɾ/ɕ/[#Cˈ]_
 * 32) CR/\\/_/#_
 * 33) ˈɾt/ˈɕ/#_
 * 34) sj/ɕ/_
 * 35) j/i/[C#]_[C#]
 * 36) a/ɛ/_…ˈ(C)(C)(C)i
 * 37) i/ɛ/_…ˈ(C)(C)(C)B
 * 38) [ɛe]//#_CC/_[jw]C
 * 39) ɣ//C_
 * 40) G/K/_(ˈ)[Sɕ#]
 * 41) ɔ/o/_~
 * 42) V~/U/_(ˈ)[fθwlR]
 * 43) ɔ/a/_
 * 44) /h/B_(ˈ)B
 * 45) w//_(ˈ)ɛ~
 * 46) w[eɛ]/ø/_
 * 47) wˈ[eɛ]/ˈø/_
 * 48) ɣ/w/_
 * 49) ɛ/e/ˈ(C)(C)(C)_(~)C/_C[C#]
 * 50) e/ɛ/ˈ(C)(C)(C)_(~)C[C#]
 * 51) /ɣ/[lɾ]_[C#]
 * 52) w/u/#_C
 * 53) w/u/C_#
 * 54) ɛ~w/u~/_

Colors

 * colal [koˈlalˠ]: colors
 * ner [ˈnɛɾˠ]: black
 * vlanc [ˈvlãk]: white
 * zo [ˈʑo]: red
 * luzos [luˈʑos]: pink
 * colora [koloˈɾa]: colored, blush-colored
 * anaranja [anaɾãˈha]: orange
 * êmêrich [ɛmɛˈɾiɕ]: yellow
 * asul [aˈzulˠ]: blue
 * veld [ˈvɛlˠθ]: green
 * vyolet [vjoˈlɛt]: violet, purple
 * mora [moˈɾa]: bruise-colored
 * mazon [maˈʑɔ̃]: dark brown
 * vronsea [vɾɔ̃zɛˈa]: light brown (tan)
 * zuch [ˈʑuɕ]: gray
 * ureclal [uɾekˈlalˠ]: gray
 * platea [pladeˈa]: silver

Family
Family members (Myerf):
 * fêmíli: family
 * par: parents
 * par/pêsit: father
 * mar/mêmit: mother
 * gag: children
 * ich: son or daughter
 * epos: spouse
 * êlman: sibling
 * ti: aunt or uncle
 * prin: cousin
 * sarvin: niblings
 * aveul/veulit: grandparents
 * ñet: grandchildren
 * visaveul: great-grandparents
 * tíaveul/tíveulit: grandaunt/granduncle
 * seur: parents-in-law
 * cuña: siblings-in-law

Days of the Week

 * 1) lun- Monday
 * 2) malt- Tuesday
 * 3) myélcle- Wednesday
 * 4) jeuf- Thursday
 * 5) vyenn- Friday
 * 6) sávdo- Saturday
 * 7) dominñ- Sunday

Months
As the Martian year is about twice as long as Earth's, upon declaring independence, a modified version of the Darian calendar was adopted, changing the number of months to 16 and the weeks per month to 6. Unlike in modern Spanish, the names of the months are capitalized.
 * 1) Sajêthári
 * 2) Písis
 * 3) Jéminis
 * 4) Vírco
 * 5) Ener
 * 6) Fêrver
 * 7) Mals
 * 8) Êrvil
 * 9) Mach
 * 10) Junñ
 * 11) Júli
 * 12) Agot
 * 13) Sêtyerf
 * 14) Acturf
 * 15) Navyerf
 * 16) Dêcherf


 * ex1. Today is Monday, Sagittarius 1.
 * Ach lun, la-sal primer d Sajêthári.
 * ex2. Today is Tuesday, February 23.
 * Ach malt, la-vent-che d Fêrver.

Seasons

 * Primaver: Spring
 * Veran: Summer
 * Oton: Autumn/Fall
 * Invyenn: Winter

Conjunctions
and ("i"), or ("o"), but ("per")

Important phrases
sip, nop = yes, no