Umbrean Lessons/07 Verb Tenses

Tenses refer to what part of time the verb is dealing with, in this lesson we will go through how umbrean deals with it.

=Tense= Tense in its strict sense is just a temporal frame work. Many Indo-european languages only have two real tenses, present and past. the third, future, is done through an auxilirary verb. In english it is "Will". Other languages can have even finer disctinction such as near-past, Near-future and so on.

In Umbrean there is only three tenses, the past, the future and the present.

=Aspect= the grammatical aspect of a verb defines the temporal flow (or lack thereof) in the described event or state. English have the "have" one, also known as perfect aspect where it tells hat the event in question still have consequences into the tense. English also got the "-ing" form where it refers to a state that is progressing, it is known as "Progressive" aspect.

Umbrean have seven aspects, namely:
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! Aspect ! Description ! Example ! Perfective ! Pausative ! Perfect ! Inceptive ! Continuative ! Terminative ! Genericative
 * This is the simple one, standard
 * I walked
 * That it is momentarely stopped to be later resumed
 * I paused working
 * Descripes an action to take place at a previous moment but affects the current tense
 * I will have gone
 * The action is started/Initiated
 * Im starting to cook
 * The action is still ongoing and havent yet been finished, may also be used for progressive
 * I am still cooking
 * The action is being terminated or recently did
 * I finsihed cooking
 * The action is generally done, may be used for habitual aswell
 * Apples generally fall
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=Summery= Tense and aspect is decieded along with negation by a suffix which is placed onto the root (if nothing else is already placed on) and then followed by person.

a few random examples will be here with the particle underlined


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! Tense ! Aspect ! Example ! Translation ! Past ! Inceptive ! Present ! Terminative
 * adwijo loymyamav'y
 * The water started to fall
 * adwijo loymaciav'y
 * The water is stopping to fall
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