Natraden



Natraden is an agglunative, engineered language that I somewhat developed when bored one night. Though others may not agree, I'm quite satisfied with the way it turned out. The flag below is me trying to design one in 5 minutes. I have tried to put a lot of logic into the grammar as well as deriving words from other languages. Enjoy! (or whatever you do with languages as poorly developed as mine)



Welcome!
'''Etxëlōdiw! Iw sæte dat Uj forwāte ggiwzi. Uj Equilibrioj Lerk gehåren obrigo.'''

'Welcome! I see that you continued. Anyway, have fun learning!'

''Welcome! I see that you forward gone. [You] fun learning have anyway.''

Alphabet and Phonetics
This is where the nightmare begins. Along with the full english alphabet, Natraden contains 19 other accented letters. Some will make sense, others not so much. Aspiration does not matter.

Phonetic Rules

 * When a W terminates a word, it makes the IPA sound f
 * ​Anaglipw (Anaglyph) /anaglipf/
 * This doesn't apply to some words
 * Iwen (We) /ifɛn/
 * If the root word ends in w
 * ​Anaglipwex (Anaglyphs) /anaglipfɛks/
 * ​When R proceeds an unaccented vowel in the same syllable, it makes the IPA sound w
 * ​Ar (She) /aw/
 * Wur (Who) /vuɒ/
 * Ińlandere (English) /iŋlandɛɾɛ/    <-- Wrong
 * When Y proceeds a vowel, weird things can happen:
 * AY /ɛä/
 * EY /ɛä/
 * IY /iä/
 * OY /wä/
 * UY /uä/
 * S makes an /s/ sound when at the end of a root word

Case Marking
Word order in Natraden is Subject-Object-Verb. Therefore, we need a way to distinguish between the subject and object, especially in sitations where there is only the object (the verb acts intransitive).

There are 6 cases in Natraden. Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Genetive, Vocative and Instrumental.

In this example, we will be using the word for World: Planeta.

Word Order
SOV is just a summarisation of the entire word order. Any nouns basically come before the verb unless the noun is preceded by a preposition. The entire worder is as follows, anything in square brackets are optional:
 * 1) Subject
 * 2) Object
 * 3) Indirect Object
 * 4) Instrument
 * 5) [Auxiliary] Verb
 * 6) Adverb
 * 7) Preposition [+ Indirect Object]
 * 8) Other Information (Like Time; In any Order)
 * 9) Seperable Part of Seperable Verb
 * 10) Participle
 * 11) Infinitive (if Auxiliary verb is used)

Verb Conjugation
Verbs don't conjugate like in other langauges, and also unlike other languages, every verb is regular. All verbs end in llé and are required to be replaced in order to conjuagte. If the mood of the verb is changed, llé is replaced with en (doesn't apply to interrogative; normak conjugation occurs) and the corresponding prefix is added. Please note participles go at the end of a sentence. C stands for normal conjugation,

Normal Verbs
Conjugation of the word cpekllé (to speak) is below:

Seperable Verb
Conjugation of the word etlādllé (to download) is below, note that the seperable parts always go at the end of the sentence (refer to word order ):

Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns follow ordinary case marking

Noun Pluralisation
To make a noun plural, you add the suffix (e)x. If the word ends in n, the n becomes a ńx. If ti already ends in ń, then you just add x. Words ending in t also only add an x (tx).

Adjectives
Adjectives are always a suffix to a noun and never agree, this means a noun cannot be decribed more than once. Inflexions must happen first, however. This becomes a problem in genetive case (see ahead). Adjectives that derive directly from other languages are suffixed with a hyphen separating them:

Ōto-lower-end (Lower-end car)

Two Nouns
To show something is possessed by another, it depends on how many are in the chain. If there are only two nouns, like in My Father, then the order is as follows:

Potre Iws [Father I-GEN]

Same rules still apply in different cases, accusative for example:

Potrej Iws [Father-ACC I-GEN]

More than Two Nouns
This is where problems occur, because certain restrictions have to take place. If there is more than two nouns, the nouns are stringed, like in My Father's Car:

Iwspotresōto [I-GEN-Father-GEN-Car]

Cases again still apply:

Iwspotresōtoj [I-GEN-Father-GEN-Car-ACC]

Adjectives
Since the words are stringed, none of the nouns before the last can be described. Only the last noun can have an adjective attached to it. My Father's red Car:

Iwspotresōtořń [I-GEN-Father-GEN-Car-Red]

It is because of this that the longest word is unknown.

Genders
There are 2 genders in Natraden, Physical and Abstract. This is normally just a determination between the two but sometimes it can change the definition. For instance, Ckår used in the physical gender can mean box, as in cardboard box. If used in abstract, it can mean the box shape, or square. It can be hard to tell the gender, since nothing agrees, but it doesn't matter since many words are only restricted to one gender. Even if they do change meaning with gender, the differences are very subtle. If it still is not understood, refer to the context.

Articles
There are four types of articles in Natraden, Definite, Indefinite, Partitive and Negative; each differenciating with gender:

Supines
Supines are almost literal in Natraden. They are technically one phrase after another, this is almost the equivalent of saying that the first verb occurs for the second.

Uj bewåre dīses Lińkj i œffnllé?

Do you want to open this link?

[You Interrogative-want this link to open?]

Here the supine is open, which requires you to want it in order for it to happen.

Simple Verb
Very little is changed when asking a question. The word order is kept the same. The only noticeable differences are probably the interrogative words, change in pronoun and the question mark at the end.

When a question is asked, the verb changes to its interrogative mood: conjugated as normal with the prefix be-. We'll use the same example as above:

Uj bewåre dīses Lińkj i œffnllé?

Do you want to open this link?

If it wasn't a question, the verb would remain the same:

Uj wåre dīses Lińkj i œffnllé.

You want to open this link.

Participles
If a participle is used, normal procedures happen. Have you eaten?:

Uj behåre æcen?

The prefix is added to the verb to have, however.

Separable Verbs
Again, normal conjugation applies. The prefix is added after the verb is separated: Have you downloaded it?

Uj Icj belāden et?

Interrogative Words
It's words like these that can determine whether a sentence is interrogative or not, as they can't be used in an ordinary sentence. Each of these words can replace where the answer would go in the reply phrase. Warlam beokten? means, what time is it, or more literally, (it) is what time?. ''Uj wur beokten? means Who are you? or You are who?''. The replying phrase would change the pronoun and replace the interrogative word with the answer. The respective answers for the preceding to questions are:
 * Where
 * Wer
 * Where to
 * Weri
 * What
 * War
 * Nothing*
 * What for
 * Wåf
 * When
 * Wor
 * Warlam (What time)
 * Who
 * Wur
 * Why
 * Wir
 * How
 * Hor
 * How Much
 * Horиom
 * 12:30 okte
 * Warlam is replaced with the time
 * The verb is back to its normal conjugated form
 * Iw Bob okte
 * The pronoun is changed from You to I
 * Wur is replaced with the name
 * The verb is restored to its conjugated form
 * Sometimes, if the question has 'what' in it, it can be omitted. Iwen Lektūrexj behåren? can either mean Do we have lessons? or What lesson do we have?. The second one would be the preferred meaning since the first definition is normally used with a point in time, like today.

Numerical System
The numbers in Natraden are decimal and therefore the highest digit is 9.

Cardinal
The numbers are normal until 10. Then on, the numbers are ordered. 95, for example, is written as:

Five-w Ninety; the w derives from the word for of.
 * Contains two syllables which can be distinguished as [Pen-j'w] or [Pe-niw]. EIther is acceptable though the first is more preferred. Can also be written as Peиw to avoid confusion.

Example Number: 3,687,121,698
 * Can be written as Onzw Data and Dūsw Data respectively, though it's like saying Firteen and Secoteen in English.

Aščw Nantaw Čiztiw, Dakilow Dūtakilow Dantikilow, Cepmilnacw Aštamilnacw Čiztimilnacw, Wzobilnac.

(Above is the reason why random numbers should be abolished)

Ordinal
These numbers are technically just the cardinal numbers with (e)k as a prefix, ere for numbers ending in 1. Example Number: 3,687,121,698ᴷ

Aščekw Nantaw Čiztiw, Dakilow Dūtakilow Dantikilow, Cepmilnacw Aštamilnacw Čiztimilnacw, Wzobilnac.

Lord's Prayer
Potrey Iwens