Horgóne

/xoɹg'one/

Consonants
Aspiration is written in the orthography with an 'h' next to the plosive (ph, th, ch). Voiceless velar plosives are written with 'c' and palatalizes to /c/ when in front of a front vowel, (i, e, y) as do their voiced counterparts. The letter 'h' applies to 'c' and 'g' in the same way; while in front of a front vowel it palatalizes (/ç/), and in front of a back vowel/open vowel it velarizes (/x/). Dental fricatives are written in the Germanic style (þ, ð). The glottal stop is an apostrophe, always between vowels. Where a 'k' appears it must be pronounced as such, i.e., as to not stray to palatalization when with a front vowel.

Vowels
Vowels that have glottalization can "stain" consonants that fall after it; making velars into uvulars, and others pharyngealized, and vowels after those become glottalized also (zôhobu = /zoˀ‎ħoˀ‎bu/ = he sent). Glottalized vowels occur in the eastern dialect, but in the west, they are simply long (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ȳ). -circumflex for glottalization-

Diphthongs
ei, ai, oi, ui, ue, ua

Clusters
In the table below, we see all the possible combinations of consonant clusters in Horgóne.

Grammar
Horgóne resembles a mix of Latin, Greek, and Arabic. Deriving noun and verb declensions/conjugations from Latin, the phonology and some of the grammar from Greek, and the root system from Arabic.

Nouns
Nouns are expressed in tri-consonantal root words that can relate phonetically to their verb roots (book is to read as song is to sing).

Cases
The suffixes for case must agree with the number and gender of the noun.

Pronouns
Since all verbs are marked for person, there are no nominative pronouns.

Since voice is not conjugated, a pronoun of the same person and gender must take a number (not grammatical number) after it (person 1, person 2, person 3,) (not grammatical person); the number 2 (do) gets placed after a second pronoun of the same person. Example:

He hates him. --- Gôrolmu cu do.

Without the number two there it would become a reflexive verb and translate as:

He hates himself. --- Gôrolmu cu.

Demonstratives
Demonstratives all decline like nouns.

Verbs
Verbs fall into two categories of incorporating motion, where the object takes an Allative or Ablative (though can be any other case, if there is need for specifics), or verbs that occur in the mind (thinking, wanting, needing) that always take while in the first person a stem-like prefix yoï-. Thus yoïdeþánmu hûlué means Think harder. Stylistic uses of the prefix can be used with the other persons in fiction where perhaps telepathy is a factor.

Examples
cuzánbu

The root czb means to read.

The infix  -u- denotes that it is in the second person.

The infix  -an- puts the verb into the present tense, imperative mood, and imperfective aspect.

The suffix -u is the masculine singular gender/number.

(with common penultimate stress: ...á...)

Thus the word means: Keep reading.

kelélgu 'ol-cabámola 'iþ...

The root klg means to go.

The infix -e- denotes that it is in the first person.

The infix -el- puts the verb into the present tense, subjunctive mood, and habitual aspect.

The suffix -u marks the masculine gender.

(with common penultimate stress: ...á..., ...é...)

Thus the word means If I were to go to your house (every day)...

Tense, Mood, and Aspect
In Horgóne there are three moods: Indicative, Subjunctive, and Imperative. For English constructions such as let's, the imperative mood is used with the first person plural.

Adjectives
For the stem vól- (good).

Adverbs
Adverbs are formed with a beginning separate particle and the suffix -wjw (/əjə/) which means -ness in English. Similar to the construct with x-ness.

Examples
He ate the fastest not. - Côponu ja cûnulasa'wjw.

Infinitive
The infinitive is formed by putting neutral vowels between the root consonants. bgz - bagaz - to walk

Gerund
The gerund form of verbs are made using the particle hù (grave accent used to differentiate from the third person masculine accusative pronoun) before the verb; meaning that which is.

Supine
The supine is formed by giving a special suffix (-um) to the end of verbs with the infinitive forms. These are walking shoes. --- Ido kalacja bagázum.

Numerals
â - one

do - two

teh - three

cats - four

ceni - five

sen - six

psŷh - seven

ocat - eight

wtun - nine

zisc - ten

â-zisc - eleven

do-zisc - twelve

...

vîgu - twenty

â-vîgu - twenty-one

do-vîgu - twenty-two

...

degw - thirty

â-degw - thirty-one

do-degw - thirty-two

...

catsah - forty

cenah - fifty

senah - sixty

psŷhah - seventy

ocatah - eighty

wtunah - ninety

âhwl - one hundred

Nouns
codah- - book (m.)

degad- - hand (m.)

huzag- - door (f.)

azugîb- - letter (f.)

egrapan- - food (m.)

cabam- - house (n.)

iklom- - fish (n.)

bihan- - party (f.)

kalaci- - shoe (f.)

énahar- - silver (f.)

uéscel- - gold (m.)

sabaman- - slave (n.)

îketil- - sheep (n.)

tanuh- - ox (m.)

imér- - donkey (m.)

aveloh- - theif (n.)

aþraf- - man (m.)

éthaf- - woman (f.)

Verbs
czb - to read

hdh - to open

zhb - to send

cpn - to eat

dþm - to think

klg - to go

gbn - to have

bvn - to give

bgz - to walk

gjn - to bring

grm - to hate

glm - to sneak

hbl - to hold

lcg - to kill

gðm - to accept

vgm - to see

vgs - to walk

bls - to buy

hgn - to speak

bnm - to sit

dcl - to hit

vnb - to run

Adjectives
vól- - good

hûl- - intense

cûn- - happy

bil- - lucky

psel- - big

pár- - small

lóst- - other

Particles
ai - used to differentiate the formally conjugated verbs from the informal second person verbs, or to make the first person plural conjugated verbs inclusive.

hù - that which is

'o- - the

Simple Translations
He sent me the book. --- Zôhobu 'o-cadáho 'ev.

Did she send you the book? --- Yau zôhulbi 'o-cadáho las?

Bring the books to the party. --- Gujógni 'o-cadáhoi 'o-bahánola.

Complex Translations
(Up for revision)

Phrase:

If a man bought silver, gold, a slave (masculine), a slave (feminine), an ox, a sheep, a donkey or something other from the hand of another man or a slave of a man without witnesses or contract, or accepted for safekeeping, then this man is a thief; he will be killed.

Grammatically matched to Horgóne:

If man bought silver, gold, a slave, a slave, an ox, a sheep, a donkey, or bought without that which is being witnessed, contracted, or accepted for safekeeping from a man's hand or man's slave's hand, said man theif-like; thus he is to be killed.

Morphemes shown:

Aþráf-a b(-ô-)l(-úl-)s)-u énahar-ai, uéscel-ai, sabáman-o, sabáman-ai, tanúh-y, îketil-i, imér-o, lû b(-ô-)l(-ik-)s-u)-lê) gai-ló hù v(-y-)g(-ol-)m-a)-lê), ai g(-y-)ð(-ol-)m-a)-lê), g(-y-)ð(-ol-)m-a)-lê) kai hù h(-y-)b(-ol-')l-a 'ilust aþráf-ab degad-a lû aþráf-ab sabáman-ab degad-a, cab aþráf-a aveloh-'âh; ita l(-y-)c(-og-')g-a cu.

Orthography:

Aþráfa bôlúlsu énahárai, uéscélai, sabamáno, sabamánai, tanúhy, îketíli, iméro, lû bôliksúlê gailó hù vygolmálê, ai gyðolmálê, gyðolmálê kai hù hyból'la 'ilust aþráfab degáda lû aþráfab sabámanab degáda, cab aþráfa aveláh'âh; ita lycóg'ga cu.

IPA:

/aθɹ'afa boˀ‎ɫ'uˀlsu 'enahaɹaɪ, u'esk'elaɪ, sab'amano, sab'amanai, tan'uçy, iˀqeˀt'ili, im'eɹo, luˀ boˀɫiˀksuleˀ gaɪl'o hu vygolm'aleˀ, aɪ ɟyðolm'aleˀ, ɟyðolm'aleˀ kaɪ hu çyb'olʔla ʔilust aθɹ'afab degada luˀ aθɹ'afab sabam'anab deg'ada, kab aθɹ'afa avel'ohʔaˀħ; ita lykog.ga ku./