Nova Latina

Overview

This constructed language is used only for the authors personal use.

=Setting= Nova Latina is a simplification of the Latin language by changing the inflections and additional vocabulary from Italian and Arabic. Plus, article-like endings inspired from the Japanese and Slavic languages.

=Basic Grammar=

Substantives
Nova Latina's substantive are devided into five categories which are nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and articles. In this language there are four cases each are:


 * 1) Nominative: Subject of sentence or clause


 * 1) Genitive: Ownership, to be used exactly as the English of X or X's construction


 * 1) Ablative: Prepositional


 * 1) Accusative: As object

The following are the description:

Nouns
Nouns are declined according to numbers and cases. Nova Latina has two numbers, singular and plural, and four cases, nominative, genitive, ablative, and accusative. For nouns or any substantives to be declined, they are grouped into three classes, first, second, and third declension. The noun stems are classified based on the ending which are -o/-u, -a, and -e.

Stem -o/-u
 * Nominative/Fael (s/p): -us/-i eg.: alberus/alberi
 * Genitive/Idafa (s/p): -i/-oro eg.: alberi/alberoro
 * Ablative/Magrur (s/p): -ou/-bis eg.: albero/alberobis
 * Accusative/Maf'ol (s/p): -um/-oi eg.: alberum/alberos

Stem -a
 * Nominative/(s/p): -a/-e eg.:
 * Genitive/ (s/p): -e/-aro eg.:
 * Ablative/ (s/p): -ate/-abo eg.:
 * Accusative/ (s/p): -am/-as eg.:

Stem -e
 * Nominative/(s/p): -e/-i eg.:
 * Genitive/ (s/p): -ei/-io eg.:
 * Ablative/ (s/p): -ei/-ibo eg.:
 * Accusative/ (s/p): -em/-es eg.:

Adjectives

 * Positive: declined like nouns (every adjective either ends in -us, -a, or -e)
 * Comparative 1: formed by adding the word 'plus'
 * Comparative 2: formed by adding the suffix -ore(-e stem)
 * Superlative 1: formed by the word 'il plus'
 * Superlative 2: formed by adding the suffix -issimus

Adverbs
Adverbs are made by adding the feminine singular nominative/marfu forms with the suffix -mente.

Pronouns
The Personal Pronouns

The personal pronouns are as follows: (Prepositional=Ablative=Magrur)

The Relative Pronouns

Articles
Definite article

Indefinite article

The Indefinite article uses the numeral unus(one).

Indeclinable marker: case marker for indeclinable nouns such as abbreviations, foreign terms/names(that havent been naturalised), etc.They are listed in the dictionary without the genitive and or plural inflection. They are attached to the word as shown here: 'ASEAN'(an abreviation, fem.)=ASEAN-a, 'e-mail'(a foreign term, mas.)=e-mail, Jimmy Kimmel(a foreign name, mas.)=Jimmy Kimmel.

The markers are identical to the second and first declension endings of substantives. Except the nominative masculine which therein is no ending.

Verbs
Verbs are classified into four categories: first, second, third and irregular conjugations. A verb has two voices (active, passive), five tenses(present, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect), three moods(indicative, subjunctive, imperative), two participles(active, passive), and an infinitive. The infinitive is also called the non-finite form, while the finite forms are the participles and the rest of the verb forms. Verbs when in the participial form inflect by case and number. When in finite forms they are by number, person, voice and tense.

#First Conjugation

Present tense

Perfect tense

Future tense

Past Perfect tense

Future perfect tense

#Second Conjugation

Present tense

Perfect tense

Future tense

Past Perfect tense

Future perfect tense

#Third Conjugation 

Present tense

Perfect tense

Future tense

Past Perfect tense

Future perfect tense

Prepositions
=Dictionary=

Nouns

 * alberus,-i(m.): tree
 * amica,-e(f.):friend
 * amicus,-i(m.):friend
 * attaccus,-i(m.): attack
 * caballus,-i(m.): horse
 * capitanus,-i(m.): captain
 * casa,-e(f.): house
 * celus,-i(m.): sky
 * citta,-ati(f.): city
 * crisi,-ii(f.): crisis
 * Il Dius(m.): the God
 * fratellus,-i(m.): brother
 * idea,-e(f.): idea
 * ietime,-i(m.&amp;f): orphan
 * libertase,-asi(f.): liberty
 * lode,-i(f.): praise
 * matre,-i(f.): mother
 * mense,-i(m.): month
 * musulmana,-e(f.):muslima
 * musulmanus,-i(m.):muslim
 * (il)nafse,-i(m.):self
 * omo,-eni(m.): man
 * patre,-i(m.): father
 * la polizia,e (f.): the police
 * Il Signore (m.): the Lord

Adjectives

 * bonus,-a : good
 * clarus,-a :clear
 * facile : easy
 * hostile : hostile
 * lacrimosus,-a : tearful
 * malus,-a : bad
 * politicus,-a : political
 * rubus/rudus,-a : red
 * lucrifere : profitable

Numbers
Unlike the Classical Latin language, Nova Latina applies declension to numerals just like any other adjectives. The paradigm will be based upon the declination for the numeral one, two, three, or one thousand in the Classical language.

For cardinal:
 * unus, una
 * dui, duae
 * tres
 * quattores
 * cinques
 * sessi (declined like a singular third declension adjective)
 * sette
 * ottus (declined like a singular third declension adjective)
 * nove
 * dece

For 11 to 19, it would be formed as the following:
 * 11, 14, 19 are formed by erasing the 2 final letters of each numerals plus deces. Thus: undeces, quattordeces, noveces or noudeces
 * 12, 13, 18 are formed by erasing the final most letter of the numeral plus deces

=Example text= ...