Common Nord-Language

The Common Nord-Language( Norðaulkn : Sa Gemyinra Norð-sprekn, also called 'Nordic' ) is a language spoken by the nordic people of Skyrim. The language stems from the Proto-Germanic language with a moderate influence from Old Norse, Dutch, Afrikaans and Old English, thusly creating a language that can reflect the cold and harsh environment of the Nords. The language has approximately 11 different dialects and many smaller dialects spoken among the thugs and bandits of Skyrim. For this article, we will be writing in the dialect of the Winterhold region. Nordic is a fairly inflectional language with 2 genders, 2 numbers and 4 cases.

Reason for the Nordic language
While playing through Skyrim, I noticed the poor excuse of a conlang called, 'Dragon' Language, I decided that the nords deserve better, thusly the birth of Nordic. The main goal for this conlang is to translate the entire Skyrim dialogue in Nordish - this does not include the loading screens and interface.

Phonology
Nordic's consonants are very similar to Proto-Germanic's consonant table, though as result of historical changes, certain consonants merged or changed place of articulation, see Changes from Proto-Germanic

Orthography
The orthography of Nordic is based on Icelandic and Old english, with the addition of my own little touch. Most of the vowels and consonants are written exactly like their phonetic equal, albeit there are some exceptions :

[x] : The consonant, [x], is primarily written as a  at the begining of the word, for example : guðn [xuðn]. When the consonant [x] is found at the end of the word, it is written as a , thusly similar to the German . An example would be : wrachr [wraxr].

[g] : The consonant, [g], is written  and is only found between vowels and at the end of words, for example : swelgn [swelgn].

[ɔ] : The vowel is written as , for example : eiwo [eiwɔ].

[aː],[eː],[ɔ:] and [iː] : The long vowels are written with an accent diacritic on top of the vowel, for example : þrautlí [θrɑutliː].

Consonant Changes
To ease speech, the ancestors of the a nords merged various consonants :


 * The consonants, [ɸ] and [β] merged into the single consonant, [s].


 * The [t̪] and [d̪] was retracted and as result they turned into the consonants, [t] and [d].


 * The gutteral consonants [x] and its allophone (ɣ) merged into the single phoneme, [x].


 * The sound, [ŋ] was simplified into the consonant, [n].

Here is a summary of the Consonant Changes that occured in Nordic : [ɸ] (β) →[s] [t̪] [d̪] → [t] [d] [x] (ɣ) → [x] [ŋ] → [n] [ʰ] → [Ø]*loss

Vowel Changes
The nasal vowels of Proto-Germanic were losed completely, and as result the nasal vowels merged with the oral vowels. Some vowels appeared when early I-umlaut and umlaut mutation occured. [ĩ] + [ĩː] → [i] + [i:] [ũ] + [ũː] → [u] + [u:] [ɔ̃ː] + [ɔ̃ːː] → [ɔ] [ɛː][ ɛːː] → [æː] [ɔːː] → [ɔ] [ɑː] → [a]

Syllabic Changes
As result of the consonant and verbal changes, easing of speech and the slurring of words; the syllabaries changed.

Final devoicing :

[d] → [t] [g] → [k] [w] → [v]

[z] → [s] Final vowels were lost : skūta → skut

Prothesis before the [m] + clusters, [l] + clusters, [n] + clusters and [r] + clusters by the diphtong [au]. falkan → aulkn

I-umlaut mutation and umlaut mutation: kuniðr → kyniðr. wereldiz → werøldr

Slurring of the last syllable caused the second syllable to merge with the first : manwaz → manr

Final [z] was replaced by a [r] : ​

aldaz → auldr

Initial [f],[h] and [w] were lost : Feloz → Elr

Grammar
Nordicis a pro-drop language, thusly the pronouns are used rarely in writing, though can be found in the various dialects of Skyrim. It is considered rude to use pronouns when speaking to strangers or one's superiors, one uses one's name and title instead, for example :

"Mary, the Jarl of Windhelm"

Pronoun Tables

Personal Pronouns Person	Nomative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative 1.SG	Ek	Mik	Min	Mis 2.SG	Þo	Þek	Þínr	Þis 3.SG	Ir	In	Es	Im 1.PL	Wis	Un	Unsr	Uns 2.PL	Jut	Aun	Aunr	Aunwr 3.PL	Ír	Inr	Er	Imr

Demonstrative Pronouns

Case	Demostrative Nomative	ða Accusative	ðan Genitive	ðas Dative	ðam Demonstrative Pronouns have no gender. Examples Þo jaurl bies [θɔ jɑurl bies]

You are a jarl.

Ɖa trollar brinn

[ðɑ trɔllɑr brin]

The troll is burning.

Noun declension
Nouns in Nordic are declined by case, number and gender. They stem from the *a noun declension, though with a few exceptions. The majority of Nordic's nouns originate from Proto-Germanic, though words for sea faring and warfare originate from Old Norse.

Noun declension ósn | hūsan  | house (right) Case	Masculine Affix	Feminine Affix	Masculine Example	Feminine Example Nominative Singular	-ar 	-ræ 	wulfas [wolf]	brauðæ [bread] Accusative Singular	-að 	-æs	kyniðað [king]	yðæs [wing] Genitive Singular	-is 	-is 	kvuðis [god]	weris [war] Dative Singular	-i	-i	friþi [peace]	wrítnflati [scrol] Vocal Singular	None	-æ	broþr [brother]	byrdæ [birth] Nomative Plural	-ós	-í 	wulfós	brauðæ Accusative Plural	-ans	-ís	kyniðans	yðís Genitive Plural	-ó	-iwó	kvuðó	weriwó Dative Plural	-id	-á	friþamas	wrítnflatá Vocal Plural	-ós	-í	broþós	byrdí The female declension was replaced by the *i noun declension, as result of the ambiguity between the Nominative, Vocal and Accusative cases. The case, Dative Masculine Plural, was shortend from *amaz to á. The feminine Nominative, Accusative and Vocal were replaced again to reduce ambiguity.

Strong Verbs
Strong vowels occur when a verb's vowels are too far about to pronounce easily, thusly the vowels changed to ease the articulation. Strong vowels are quite regular, making them easy to remember.

Examples
Þo sa drákar køles

[θɔ sɑ draːkɑr køles]

He kills the dragon.

Vocabulary
aurn | hauzijanan | to hear brauðn | brauðan | bread f manr | manwaz | man m ósn | hūsan | house f kyniðr | kuniŋaz | king .m kvuðn | γuðán | god .m bi | bi | to be sprekn | sprekanan | to speak byrdr | burdiz | birth.f baurd | burdiz | to be born menskr | manniskaz | honour.f eiðr | aiþaz | oath.m eiðr | aiþaz | to oath/swore alðn | halðanan | to hold; to keep abay. wrakvr | wranɣaz | wrong friþr | frithuz | peace.m yr-eiwo | furi aiwo | forever eihr | faihaz | enemy.f þrautlí | þrautaz + līkaz | fierce skaunr | skauniz | beautiful hrútn | hreutanan | to make a noise, to snore. segr | segaz | truimph, victory.m skut | skūta | shout bleþn | blōþisōnan | a blessing.m | to bless fregn | fregjanan | to pray, to ask wrítnflatr | writenanan + flatr | a scroll.f yrsagn | sagjanan | to fortell yðn | weingan | wing.f aulkn | fulkan | folk.m aldr | aldaz | old.f elr | feloz | very skad | skawo | black kalnn | kalanan | cold broþr | broþer | brother.m donn | donan | to do. werr | werro | confusion | war.f ban | bano | bane.m unhr | hunhruz | honger swelgn | swelganan | to swallow, revel, devour werøldr | weraldiz | lifetime, worldly existence - the world itself.m gemyinr | gemainiz | common, the same, average