Edorian

General information
Edorian is a fusional langauge. It also has features of polysinthetic and aglutinative languages. It is spoken on Edoriada - an island in the Atlantic Ocean.

Consonants

 * [?] represent alophones only.
 * <?> represent orthogaphical representations, where it differs

Alphabet/Arahab
Edorian can be written in 3 arahab styles or it can be latinized.

Edorian-Latinized

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ëë Ff Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo (Öö) Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu (Üü) Vv Xx Yy Zz.

Arahab

Arahab is the native Edorian writing system. It is named after the three first letters: A, R & H. There are three different versions of the arahab.

1. Arhaic: Vowels are written above or below the consonants, stress is marked. Glottal stop has a separate letter 21 letters + 6 diacritical markers

2. Classical: Only ë, ö and ü are written with superscriptions, stress is not marked. 23 letters + 3 markers

3. Modern: All sounds have their own letter, ö anü merge with ë and i respectively. Glottal stop is marked with an apostophe. Former glottal stop letter represents /a/.

Orthography
Other letters represent one sound only.
 * b [β] between vocals
 * t [d] after /n/
 * d [d] after /n/
 * th [ð] between vocals, after /n/
 * gr [χ] in eastern dialects
 * bb and vv  [β]

Phonotactics
Edorian allows branching onsets (CCV or CrV). Codas are usually simple or VyC type. If two plosives appear together because of morphological reasons, usually the first one becomes a fricative.

Last unaccented vocals, are ussualy omited, when followed by another vocal-initial word.
 * A = Bilabial, Labio-Dental
 * B = Dental, Alveolar (without /s/, /z/)
 * C = Velar
 * Uvular and Alveo-Palatal Fricatives cause elision of consonants before them.
 * Voicing is determined by the second consonant, except in the velar group, where all clusters become voiced.
 * /s/ and /z/ cause all fricatives to become plosives.

Edorian Dialects
Edorian is divided into separate dialects, but they did not form separately. There is a number of isoglosses that are spread across the island, which give different combinations.
 * 1) Diphtong /ay/ is read as [ey] in southern dialects (North-East)
 * 2) Diphtong /ey/ is read as long [i] (North-Central)
 * 3) Root /e/ is pronounced [ye] (East)
 * 4) Verb 'eyne' is hin, din, in, min, sin, nin (hen, den... in others) (North-West-Central)
 * 5) Historical /ö/ changes to /o/ not to /ë/ (West)
 * 6) Root /o/ is pronounced [oy] (North-East)
 * 7) /g/ is pronounced [j] (South)
 * 8) /g/ is pronounced [g], except near sonorants (North)
 * 9) Digraph /gr/ is pronounced [χ] or [ʁ] (East)
 * 10) /x/ and /h/ are both pronounced [h] (West-Central)
 * 11) /x/ and /h/ are both pronounced [x] (South)
 * /y/, /g/, /k/ before /e/ and /i/ is slightly palatalised (South-Central)
 * 1) /d/ is pronounced [d] word initially (South-East)
 * 2) /th/ is always pronounced [θ] (West)
 * 3) [β] is pronounced as [v] (South-West-Central)

Verbal Morphology
Verbs are conjugated with a series of affixes which mark the person, number, tense and voice. Aspect and mood are either formed with infixes or suplementar roots.

Person and number of the subject are marked with a prefix (singular: he-, de-, i-; plural: me-, se-, in-). If the verb is transitive, the object's number is marked on the verb. (suffix -i for singular or -in for plural).

Verb der 'to see' - transitive: hedéri, dedéri, idéri, medéri, sedéri, indéri

There are three tenses in Edorian - present, future and past. While present is unmarked, preterital forms are marked with suffix -th in intransitive verbs and prefix te- in transitive. Future is formed with auxiliar verb ith 'to go' and root form of the verb which functions as a participle and has to be in plural if the subject is in plural.

Verb grif 'to write': present: hegrife, past: hegrifeth, future: hithe grif

In the passive voice the patient's number and person are marked with infixes (-im, -is, -ir, -min, -sin, -rin). Middle voice is construced with prefix and suffx corresponding to the same person and number.

Verb myad 'to kill': A: tehemyadi 'i killed'; P: temyadim 'i was killed'; M: tehemyadim 'i killed myself'

Edorian verb roots are either perfect or imperfect. With affixation the roots change their aspect.

Perfect + affix -i- = imperfect

Imperfect + afffix -n- = perfect Verb seyr 'to work' - imperfect senir 'to make' perfect.

Verbs that have either /n/ or /i/ in the root, may loose them to change aspect. Verb ith becomes th (or ind with regual infixation). Most used verbs with this kind of derivation are i and n which mean 'to become' and 'to exist' - both derivates of yn 'to be'.

Mood is expressed with auxiliary verbs such as yar 'want' and car 'wish' and with impersonal affixes on the head verb. hecare eseyre 'i would work'.

Irregular forms of the verb yn 'to be' are contractions:

Present: hen, den, in, men, sen, nin

Past: henth, denth, inthe, menth, senth, ineth

Future: hithen, dithen, ithen, mithen, sithen, inthen

Nominal Morphology
Edorian nouns are divided in two groups. Those that can be subjects (animate) and those that can't (inanimate). Nouns are declined. Edorian noun has four cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive and Dative.
 * If an inanimate object takes the role of the subject then it must be in Genitive case.
 * Animate root determines the plural ending (-in or -un) according to vocal harmony.
 * Monosyllabic animate vocalic roots are suffixed with -r- before plural endings and Singular Accustive/Genitive.
 * Plural Accusative of animate ending is formed form Singular Genitive and -an.
 * Inanimate plural is always -in, but changes the root according to vocal harmony in common words.
 * Adjectives are declined according to animate declension.
 * Adverbs are formed from adjectives (nom. sg.) + accented -í suffix.

Case Morphology and Syntax
Singular

Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Plural
 * no speciffic endings
 * animate subject
 * animate accusative is equal to genitive
 * inanimate accusative is equal to nominative
 * direct object, prepositional use
 * formed with -i
 * marks possesion, origin, movement away from the object in genitive
 * formed with -ë
 * indirect object, movement towards the object in dative
 * marks location, use of the object (locative, instrumental)

Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative
 * animate: suffix -in (root: a, e, i, ë) or -un (root: o, u, ë(irregular))
 * inanimate: suffix -in that causes root /a, o, u/  to /, /e, ë, i/
 * inanimate is equal to nominative
 * animate is formed from genitive singular + an which most commonly results in -en
 * formed from nominative singular + ës
 * formed from nominative plural + ë

Numerals
1 - yer

2 - dem

3 - len

4 - ax

5- cim

6 - sën

7 - bir

8 - dex

9 - aban

10 - ac

20 - demec

30 - lenec

40 - axac

50 - cimic

100 - caci

Pronominal Morphology
Pronouns are rearly used as independent words, only when they are the topic of a sentence.

Possesive pronouns are attached to the possesed object. There is only one form for Acc. Gen and Dat. case. They differ wether they are attached to a consonant or a vocal.

Vocabulary
Word formation

Example text
The Lord's Prayer

O abaymin ber nu nibinë den

Ar nonis numbar icare eyne.

Ar lugdëris numan icare ethe

Ar bulis icare eyne

Xar nu nibinë, sar nu dorë.

Devigim car sahceldë xayceldí hurgimin

Leh decivgim vanirinimin,

Xar leh aman mecivgin menë vanmirurunë.

Leh be denudalim car nu irthadërë,

Ala devacim car if xayë matmë.

Amin.