Umbrean/Lessons/08 Verb Voices and moods

Doremifasolatitom....no voice does not refer to ones voice but a grammatical term and mood does the same, here i´ll explain them and how they are used in umbrean.

=Voice=

Description
In grammar, the voice (also called diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice. When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice.

Umbrean
In umbrean there are 3 voices, active, passive and middle.

Active voice means the subject is acting upon something something else, english example "I hit him", in indicative mood may be skipped

Passive voice is when the subject is the one the verb acts upon, english example "I was hit", in indicative mood may be skipped

Middle voice is when when the subject acts more upon itself, such as "I wished myself. Must always be present


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! Voice ! Example ! Verb Form ! English ! Active ! Passive ! Middle
 * (Dig) Nov'ñumu kó
 * Transitive
 * I punched you
 * (Xré ) Nov'ixri kó
 * Intransitive
 * I was punched
 * Wy Nov'ixri kó
 * Intransitive
 * I punched myself
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=Mood=

Description
Grammatical mood (also mode) is one of a set of distinctive verb forms that are used to signal modality

Umbrean
In umbrean there exists 7 moods that can be used to express ones attitude, feeling or information about the verb in question.

Indicative mood: This is the standard one, it is unmarked and if mood/voice particle is left out this is the assumed mood. You are stating it more as a fact, it occured and thats it.

Imperative mood: Is more demanding, it is demanded that the event occures or one strongely attempts to make to make the event acctually occure.

Hypothetical mood: The event in question did not occure but it coult occure

Potensial mood: Reflects that the event in question is likely to occure while not garantied.

Dubitative mood: One doubts the event in question to occure, or deem it as unlikely.

Interrogative mood: This mood is soley used in order to transform a statement into a question.

Conditional mood: is used in order to form conditional sentences.

=Summery= The voice and mood of the verb is expressed by a particle infront of the verb, they are fused togather into one single unit.

This lesson is merely to get you used to these as they are used but will be done in greater detail in a later lesson


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