Tinianan



Tinianan (native name: Tiñaliól /tˌiɲaliˈol/) is a romance conlang spoken by 8 people fluenty and another 11 speakers with varying levels of fluency.

Its main objetive was to serve for communication, so it's very regular to facilitate its learning. Tinianan descends directly from Old Tinianan.

Classification
Tinianan is classified as an Ibero-Romance language, being closely related to Galician, Asturleonese and Spanish, especially in terms of grammar. However, in terms of phonology and especially vocabulary, it is closer to the Occitano-romance languages, as Tinianan is heavily influenced by Occitan and French.

History and use
Tinianan was first created in 2015, and began to be developed by the speakers themselves, creating some dialects. When the Kingdom of Tiniana was founded that year, it was decided that the second official language along with Spanish be the then-known as "Sopist" or "Fueyese". A standard was made for the Kingdom to use, what we know as Old Tinianan. Tinianan didn't have a lot of importance in the micronation, it was rarely used for official purposes. However, in 2019, the language was again standardized with a better orthography, grammar and phonology but keeping all of the old vocabulary (just adding more), then the new standard became the first official language of Tiniana, and it began to be used to write laws and media.

After the dissolution of the Kingdom of Tiniana, the language stopped being used in official documents or legislation, but literature and teaching of the language is still active.

Dialects
Tinianan dialects are usually grouped in three dialects, Central or Standard Tinianan, Jimanese or Southern Tinianan and Eastern or Luso-Tinianan.


 * Central/Standard Tinianan: The standard language, having phonological influence from both Southern Tinianan and Eastern Tinianan. It keeps three genders in singular and plural. It keeps the distinction between v and b and the pronunciation of z and weak c as /θ/. Ending o's are pronounced /o/ always. Ending /s/ and /d͡ʒ/ may be pronounced as /ɕ/ and /tɕ/, depending on the background of the speaker.
 * Jimanese/Southern Tinianan: Spoken only by native Spanish speakers, it has Spanish phonological influence, like the pronunciation of z and weak c being /θ/. It losses the distinction between v and b and "ch" (pronounced in Standard /ʐ/) is usually pronounced /ʃː/ instead, the final o's are pronounced /u/ by some speakers (those who are also native in Asturleonese) and it losses the neuter gender in plural (les), as it merges with the femenine plural (las). The realization of /d/, /ç-h/ and /b/ as /ð/, /x/ and /β/ in certain contexts is also common.
 * Eastern/Luso-Tinianan: Spoken only by Portuguese native speakers, it has Portuguese phonological influence, like the pronunciation of z and weak c being /s/, the ocasional (though not widespread) pronunciation of ç as /s/, the pronounciation the ending o's as /u/ and the loss of /d͡ʒ/ (being replaced by /ʒ/), so speakers of this dialect can't distinguish "vagïo" from "vajo", or "jar" from "zxar". It keeps the three genders in singular and plural. Ending /s/ and /d͡ʒ/ may be pronounced as /ɕ/ and /tɕ/,

Phonotactics
The syllabic structure of Tiñanese is (C1 (C2 )) V1 (V2 ) (V )3 (C3 (C4 )),

C1 The first consonant can be any.

C2 The second consonant is optional. If and only if the first consonant is a stop /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ/ or one of these fricatives /f v θ d s ç-h/, a second consonant is allowed, either /l/ or /ɾ/.

V1 V2 V3 up to three vowels are allowed, but the following two vowels are not allowed, which are either separated with h, which is silent but indicates two different vowels, or are made long with the caron. (eg Europehél "European")

C3 can be any consonant.

C4 can only be /d/ or /s/, note that many times /s/ is omitted in informal speech. A syllable can end in a more consonant -ï, the ï being a short i, but it is often omitted in informal speech creating a consonantal cluster that is formally prohibited. (ex. Chocolètï "Chocolate" [ʐˌokolˈɜt(i)])

In words beginning with -ïr, the ï is not pronounced and the r is pronounced as /ɾ/ (eg ïragasón "" [ˌ(i)ɾaɣasˈon]).

Epenthesis
Due to phonotactic restrictions, an epenthetic /e/ is inserted before word-initial groups beginning with /s/, although not internally. Internally, the /s/ may remain or be dropped, but it is not usually pronounced in informal speech.

Letters

 * "Weak c" (/θ-s/) is realized in front of /e/ and /i/, otherwise "c" is pronounced /k/.
 * "Q" always has a silent "u" in front.
 * /ɱ/ and /ŋ/ are realized when /m/ and /n/ are in front of /t/, /h/, /k/ o /g/ or a vowel with a grave acute. /ŋ/ is also realized by most speakers (notably Central and Eastern dialects) at the end of words that end with n.
 * [ɕ] is realized in some dialects when s is at the end of words.
 * "Strong j" (/d͡ʒ/) is realized usually at the beginning of words and sometimes when surrounded by vowels, in the middle of words it is usually pronounced as a "weak j" (/ʒ-ʝ/).

Accents
There are four accent marks in Tinianan, the acute accent "acento afél" (á), grave accent "acento grave" (à), the umalut "dáresis" (ü) and the circumflex "circumflexo" (â).

Acute accent
It marks the stress in a word following the accentuation rules:


 * In words with 2 syllables, the stress is marked if it falls on the last syllable.
 * In words with 3 syllables, the stress is marked if it falls on the last or first syllable.
 * In words of 4 syllables, the stress is marked if it doesn't fall on the second syllable.
 * In words of 5 or more, the stress is always marked.
 * Other than that, it can be used to distinguish some words (só "I am" - so "about", té "It is" - te "tea")

Grave accent
The grave accent marks a closed vowel, it changes the phoneme of some vowels (expect i).

Umalut
The umalut can only be put in two vowels, i and u. "ü" makes a /wi/ sound, when translating a foreign word with this sound, it is usually used (Twist - "Tüst"). "ï" for itself it makes a weak e (/ɪ/), however it is used in other two occasions, with an starting r to indicate /ɾ/, usually the first r of a word is always /r/ ("ïragasón" /ɾagasoŋ/), and with a g to indicate that that letter is always pronounced /d͡ʒ/ (a j could be pronounced as /ʒ/ or /ʝ/ as well).

Circumflex
The circumflex marks long vowels, it is optional and an h behind the vowel can be used instead. ("mês" can also be written "mehs").

Nouns
Nouns in Tinianan have a gender, and can be either in singular or plural form. There's also one case, the genitive case.

Gender
Tinianan has 3 genders, Masculine, Feminine and Neuter,

Dictionary
There is a Tinianan dictionary available in glosbe.com, though the English-Tinianan dictionary is very small, the Spanish-Tinianan dictionary is very complete.

-English-Tinianan Glosbe Dictionary (very small)

-Spanish-Tinianan Glosbe Dictionary (more complete)

Example text
''1st. Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:''

Preimél Artiyo de la Declaçón de Universela des Dartxes Humanes

Toilos seres humanos naxen libres y'ecülïs na diñidá ei dartxes ei, tipeyos com tén de ïraçón ei concença, daben manerse fraternalmént los únos an los otros.

Spanish:

Todos los seres humanos nacen libres e iguales en dignidad y derechos y, dotados como están de razón y conciencia, deben comportarse fraternalmente los unos con los otros.

English:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and, endowed as they are with reason and conscience, they must behave towards one another in a brotherly manner.

2nd Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Secondo Artiyo de la Declaçón de Universela dos Dratxos Humanos

Toia persòa tene toilos dratxos ei libredaes sotipeyes n'esta Declaçón, sen estremamént cange de ïraça, colói, sexo, linje, religïón, opinión política u de cülquer otre aféi, orije nacionél u sociél, posiçón ecónomica, naximento u cülquer otra condiçón. Amái, non se ve fer estremamént cange fondaye na la condiçón política, judicela u internacionela del paiséi u tarrái de cüa judiçón soferna una persòa, taivo sí ocorre ser d'un paiséi independente, com d'un tarrái baxe alministraçón afisa, non autónome u sojegede a cülquer otre lemete de soberanía.

Spanish:

Toda persona tiene todos los derechos y libertades proclamados en esta Declaración, sin distinción alguna de raza, color, sexo, idioma, religión, opinión política o de cualquier otra índole, origen nacional o social, posición económica, nacimiento o cualquier otra condición. Además, no se hará distinción alguna fundada en la condición política, jurídica o internacional del país o territorio de cuya jurisdicción dependa una persona, tanto si se trata de un país independiente, como de un territorio bajo administración fiduciaria, no autónomo o sometido a cualquier otra limitación de soberanía.

English:

Every person has all the rights and freedoms proclaimed in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind as to race, color, sex, language, religion, political opinion or any other nature, national or social origin, economic position, birth or any other condition. In addition, no distinction will be made based on the political, legal or international status of the country or territory under whose jurisdiction a person depends, whether it is an independent country, a territory under fiduciary administration, non-autonomous or subject to any another limitation of sovereignty.