Oregian

Oregian
Oregian is a language that is based on the basic idea of politeness, accuracy, logics and especially beauty. The purpose of this language was to create a language that sounds beautiful to the ear, one that uses few words to express so many things. The Oregian described in here is actually an accumulation of five (failed) attempts at creating a beautiful language, so that is why there are usually four to five words to express the same idea (the level of politeness is subject to when the word itself was invented). Its actual name is Oregu, which means "The golden tongue" (ore deriving from the verb 'orare' to speak and gu deriving from 'guiba' the tongue).

Basic Grammar
As mentioned before, Oregian is an accumulation of five (failed) attempts. Although the first five times didn't work out well, I kept most of the grammar in the sixth version. This is why the grammar of my language depends on the type of Oregian you're using. All Oregian verbs, nouns, adjectives/adverbs and other such words are numbered 1 through 6 (these numbers of course stand for the version of English it was invented for). Most of the verbs, nouns, adjectives/adverbs you'll be using belong to the sixth group and fall under the most common grammar, but there's still a large proportion of verbs, nouns, adjectives/adverbs belonging to other versions and therefore the grammar that's applied on them differs (sometimes slightly, sometimes greatly). I will start with the most common grammar (group six).

Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns change form to show the person, politeness and case. In other words, when using a personal pronoun you have to analyze the sentence first and determine whether the nominative (subject), accusative (object), dative (indirect object) or genitive (possession) is used. This next table will clarify everything, but please keep in mind that the numbers used (1 through 6) stand for the version of Oregian the word originally comes from:

nominative        accusative         dative            genitive 1st person singular  6 ore   		 1 mibe, 3 mi       1 miite, 6 uo     1 mi, 6 ore no 2nd person singular   1 cha*, 6 bo(she)  5 yuro, 6 dore     1 diite           6 du/dui 3rd person singular  1 yu, 6 yuwa       2 yude, 6 yu       1 yiite           6 yoshke 1st person plural    1 core             1 core             6 coyiite         1 core no  2nd person plural     6 boshenakeisu     6 bokeku           1 doyiite         6 boshuke 3rd person plural    1 yukeku           1 yukeku           1 yukiite         1 yukiroshke As you can see from this table, most personal pronouns are derived from the first form of Oregian, which only makes them more complicated to use. The nominative is used when the personal pronoun is the subject of the phrase (ex. I see a dog); there's only two exceptional uses of the nominative. You also use it in exclamations (ex. You guys, hurry up!), and the nominative is required after the preposition 'nye' (according to). The accusative is used in all other cases and also with every preposition, except for 'da' (to, dative), 'tsu' (for, dative) and bor (by in passive voice, dative). The dative is used with the aforementionned prepositions and also whenever it is not directly the object of the phrase it is in. The genitive is used like our possessive pronouns (my, your, his, her, our). The genitive is otherwise formed using 'no' (Chikeku no iudi - father of the world).
 * Cha is considered very colloquial and you will most likely hear uneducated people adress each other with 'cha'. Don't use it, unless you wish to come across as some hobo.

Some examples:
 * I am the president of America Ore desu Presidentu no Amerikai.
 * You are looking at a show Boshe wa luniru hai fuhire.
 * He adores his father Yuwa cubo yoshke chikeku.
 * We give you [plur.] a book Core wa donne yimisu doyiite.

Prepositions and prepositional particles
Prepositions also exist in Oregian, but they're usually referred to as the 'prepositional particles' as all of them add a certain flavor to a word. There are also some that don't exist in English; these just so happen to be the most commonly used and also most important ones in Oregian. Here's a list of the most common prepositions and their different uses:
 * Wa
 * 1) Used to mark the subject ex. Ore wa tariru yubi - I am taking something.
 * 2) Used in certain subclauses ex. Ichi wa ore yubi tarai -> After I had taken something.
 * 3) Sometimes functions as copula ex. Core wa hicechimeisu -> We are all living creatures.
 * De
 * 1) Used to mark the object ex. Hite iugo yoritsu na laike de -> This boy has seen an elderly person.
 * 2) Used to mark the subject in pas. ex. Na laike yoriyo dewa de hite iugo -> An elderly man is seen by this boy.
 * 3) Initiates a dependant clause ex. Yoshke wosute gutemiyo dewa ni de lotsiyo -> His book is published ["released"] to be read.
 * Tsu
 * 1) Used like 'for', as in the recipient ex. Yu fudarai wosute tsu yoshke biçe -> He has written a book for his wife.
 * 2) Diminitive to commend something ex. Yoshke wosutetsu desai uchimo -> His [wonderful] book was amazing.
 * No
 * 1) Expresses genitive ex. Capitu no Yuchibosula desu Amsterdam -> The capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam.
 * 2) Expresses confirmation (with 'de') ex. Boke deska? De no! -> Is it good? Yes, [it is]!
 * Tso
 * 1) Used like 'with' ex. Ore no chikeku yarai tso mibe kichin gausor -> My father went to a store with me.
 * 2) Used with 'no', it means 'without' ex. Notso iubi tosu hi jacruka -> Without the world, there are no people.
 * 3) Diminitive to insult something ex. Ore no chikekutso hichine desu -> My [annoying] father is being mean.
 * Iri
 * 1) Expresses movement towards... ex. Hite clayisu no filosofia trabaitzu iri Amerika de yuba stude -> This philosophy class is going to travel to America to study there.
 * Hai
 * 1) Used like 'at', but not with places  ex. He was looking at a show -> Yu lunairu hai fuhire.
 * 2) Expresses firm belief                   ex. Students are mean, I believe! -> Studenti tosu hichine, hai!

Verbs
Verbs are very important in Oregian; because of their various roots, an extensive knowledge of Latin can be quite useful at times. Anyway, verbs are conjugated in Oregian to show the tense, mood and voice. Verbs do not change to show the subject (this means that a simple verb like 'desu' could be used in combination with any subject without any obligatory changes), and they don't show number, either. One peculiarity of these verbs is noticeable in the way they are used; it often differs from English. Also, there are certain 'special forms' (the most common ones are the ~iru, ~reru, ~enda and ~iyo/~ito) that illustrate the exact action and often add a certain meaning to the verb that is not present in English (the most remarkable of the afore-mentionned special forms is ~reru, which roughly translates to: "What is happening right now and is very likely to still be happening in the future").

Group 1 verbs (tare)
The available tenses in Oregian are the present, past and future. I will show you the exact conjugation of 'tare', which means 'to take': As evident from the table, keeping in mind that 'tare' is a regular group 1 verb, the conjugation pattern goes as follows: Now, if you take the verb in its conjugated form and you add a certain 'affix', you get a special meaning. Examples:
 * Present: you use the infinitive in the active voice. For the passive voice, you swap the -e with -iyo and you use the verb 'dewa' (to be in passive voices).
 * Past: the active voice has you swap -e with -ai. The active voice on the other hand has you use -iyai instead. Dewa never changes at all.
 * Future: the active voice requires - aitzu, whereas the passive voice requires a simple -iyatzu.
 * Irreal: the active voice uses -aiso, whereas the passive voice has you say -iyaso.
 * Ore tare -> I take. Ore tariru -> I am taking. Ore tarai -> I took. Ore tarairu -> I was taking. Ore taraitzu - I will take. Ore taraitziru -> I will be taking.
 * Ore tare -> I take. Ore tarenda -> I must take. Ore tarai -> I took. Ore tarendai -> I had to take. Ore taraitzu -> I will take. Ore taraitzenda -> I will have to take.
 * Ore tare -> I take. Ore tarereru -> I am taking and will be taking in a while.
 * Ore tare -> I take. Ore tarito -> because/while I take/took.

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Group 2 verbs (moshu)
Group 2 verbs distinguish themselves from other verbs by the ~u ending they have. Do keep in mind that verbs ending in -su (like desu to be and gichesu to adore) belong to a different group of verbs.

Group 2 verbs also have two stems. The first one is obtained by eliminating the final ~u ending. So, our first stem for moshu is mosh, used for the present, past and irreal. The second stem, however, is obtained by swapping the final -shu ending with -bs. Other verbs belonging to this group that don't have the -sh ending (like gogoru to look into the distance) simply swap their final consonant(s) with the famous -bs ending. Our second stem is hence mobs, used for the future tense and passive voice. Here's the complete conjugation table:

Example text
1. The gods make the clouds twist with thunder and rain, but our people will stand strong.

Translation: Buinakeisu iumotereru iri hotashke aiç osudanto tso hiroc ichide momi, nade core no jacruka yonchu bolitaitzu.

Literal translation: "The highly respected gods are making and will be making the clouds submissioned to twisting with thunder and rain, but our worthy people strong stand-will".

2. If I should stay, I would only be in the way. So I'll go, but I know I'll think of you every step of the way. (Whitney Houston)

Translation: Ichi wa ore kubuteru, moshuba yincrichin. Osu deyaratzu, nade cotzu sh'ore diite in memoria baroyi a sutzu cone no we.

Literal translation: "If [topic marker] I stay and will stay for a while, [I] would stand way-in. So [I] will leave, but it is known [by me] that I you in thoughts will have at every step of the way.