Selingian

Classification and History
Selingian is an East Germanic language, belonging to the same general branch that its now extinct relatives, Gothic and Vandalic, did. It gets its name from its speaker base, the Selingians, who claim descent from the ancient Vandalic tribe of Silingæ. The Selingians occupy the space of the rough Greater Poland region.

Diachronic History

Phonology
/p b t d ts dz k ɡ/ /f w θ s ʃ x/ < f w þ s š > /m n n̥ ŋ ŋ̊/ < m n ṇ ŋ ŋ̇ > /r r̥ l l̥ j/ < r ṛ l ḷ j >

/i iː ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ ʉ ʉ̃ ʉː u uː ũ/ < i ī į ɨ ɨ̨ ʉ ʉ̨ ʉ̄ u ū ų > /e eː ẽ ø øː ə o oː õː/ < e ē ę ö ȫ ə o ō ǫ > /æ æː a aː ã ɔ ɔː/ < ä ǟ a ā ą ɔ ɔ̄ > /ɔu jæ jø ai øy/ < ɔu jä jö ai öi >

Stressed vowels may have either high or low pitch. High pitch is shown with an acute and low with a grave accent. If the vowel is written by more than one grapheme, the widest grapheme without diacritics gets the pitch marks, giving examples such as < ɔ̀u ài ö̀i >.

Verbs
Selingian verbs follow a traditionally Germanic model: they inflect for person and number of the subject, for two tenses, present and preterite, and three moods, the indicative and subjunctive; they come in weak, strong, mixed and irregular types. The biggest difference between the four types is in their preterite inflection.

Auxiliaries and Irregulars
Selingian employs a few irregular and suppletive auxiliaries to provide additional morphosemantic information. Most of its irregulars follow a preterite-present conjugation pattern, taking a strong preterite in the present and having a weak regular preterite derived from an unattested present; many of them are suppletive and may feature irregular patterns or preserve archaic features.

The primary copula in the language is wezą:

Weak Verbs
Selingian weak verbs are the most regular group of verbs in the language: they inflect in very straightforward and generally regular ways, with very little stem modification outside of the transparent processes of umlaut. There are four classes of weak verbs that primarily differ only in how they form the present indicative; the subjunctive and preterite forms of the verbs are generally inflected consistently across the classes.

Preterites of weak verbs mostly follow a generalised class four inflection, and their subjunctives follow a generalised class one inflection. Their participles all end in -ąts (present) and -ats (past), and their imperatives are a hybrid, levelled class. A generalised verb inflection table for weak verbs:

Weak Class I
The first class of weak Selingian verbs is generally made of transitive and causative verbs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ij- and *-j- verbs of the first and third classes. Their infinitives usually end in -į, from *-(i)janą. Example verb <álį> (cause to grow, cultivate, farm (of plants)):

Weak Class II
The second class of weak Selingian verbs is made up of varying kinds of regular verbs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ō- verbs. Their infinitives usually end in -ų, from *-ōną. Example verb  (stab):

Weak Class III
The third class of weak Selingian verbs is made up of varying kinds of regular verbs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ā- verbs of the third class. Their infinitives usually end in -ą, from *-āną. Example verb  (dawn):

Weak Class III
The fourth class of weak Selingian verbs is made up various deponent, causative, intransitive and impersonal verbs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *-na- verbs of the fourth class. Their infinitives usually end in -ną, from *-naną. Example verb  (die):