Vataian (Nkawg Hvaad Taij Eecj)

General information
Vataian (Nkawg Hvaad Taij Eecj) is a tonal language created by Aekari Tennou for his fictional world. Vataian is the official language of the Kingdom of Vataiankt. Vataian is inspired by the real-world Hmong language.

Consonants
Orthography is indicated in parentheses next to the phoneme.

Vowels
Orthography is indicated in parentheses next to the phoneme.

Syllable structure
There are four possible syllable types in Vataian. A vowel is required to serve as a nucleus, and both onsets and codas are optional. Consonant clusters are not permitted in Vataian.

1. V

2. CV

3. VC

4. CVC

Properties of each syllable part
1. The  nucleus of a syllable must be a vowel. Any Vataian vowel may serve as the nucleus of a syllable. A consonant cannot serve as the nucleus.

2. The  onset  of a syllable may be any Vataian consonant.

3. The  coda of a syllable, in the orthography, may be taken by any Vataian consonant except for /h/, /w/ or /j/. However, when the word is spoken, only 13 consonants may be used as codas in almost all cases. The following rules (collectively called "The Coda Rules") are observed:
 * Case 1: If you are saying the names of letters or spelling something...
 * The coda is pronounced as written.
 * Some speakers may opt to follow the rules below instead, considering an entire spelling to be one lexical item so that the names of letters before the final letter are pronounced as written, and the last letter is pronounced following rule 3 if applicable.
 * Case 2: If the syllable ends with /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/, or /ʔ/, or the syllable is not the last element of a lexical item (i.e. a "word")...
 * The coda is pronounced as written.
 * Case 3: If the syllable is the last element of a lexical item (i.e. a "word") or at the end of an utterance...
 * The coda must be devoiced.
 * The coda must be deaspirated.
 * A non-prenasalized coda must be converted into the corresponding tenuis plosive, and a prenasalized coda must be converted into the corresponding prenasalized voiceless unaspirated consonant, according to place of articulation, as shown in the chart below.

Bilabial and Labiodental Consonants

Alveolar and Retroflex Consonants

Palatal Consonants

Velar Consonants

Coda Rule Examples:
Case 1. Soe-Phel-Ring nyaoq ngooj, Haf Ras, Eitx-Ei-Ef Ar-Ei-Es [ eitʂ˧  ei˧  ef˧  aɾ˧  ei˧  es˧] . = The spelling of my name, Haf Ras, is H-A-F R-A-S. Case 2. Hfeung [ɸɨŋ˧] rewi hod haig Rosq Sya'j [ɾos˥˩ çaʔ˨˦]. = Your friend lives in the Kingdom. Case 3. Ntxingd Taoj-Yeiq rosq [ɾot˥˩]. Ntal aontsh [aoⁿt˧] xoi xifl [ʂip˦]. = Tao-Yei Ching is the king. He is kind and passionate.
 * Note that all of the names of the letters are pronounced as written and do not undergo phonological change.
 * Because "hfeung" ends in /ŋ/, it is pronounced as written.
 * Because "Rosq Sya'j" is a compound word, the first part "Rosq" is not the final element of the word and therefore its coda is pronounced as written.
 * Because "Sya'j" ends in /ʔ/, it is pronounced as written.
 * Because "rosq" appears at the end of the utterance, the /s/ is changed into a [t].
 * Because "aontsh" is the last (indeed, only) lexical element of that word, the /ⁿdzʰ/ is devoiced, deaspirated, and converted into the corresponding plosive [ⁿt], while leaving prenasalization intact.
 * Because "xifl" is both at the end of the utterance and is the last (only) lexical element of that word, the /f/ is devoiced and converted into the corresponding plosive [p].

Tone
Vataian has seven tones, as explained in the chart below:

Lexical Vocabulary
Verbs are listed in infinitive form in English and should be looked up by the first letter of the root, i.e. "to look" should be looked up in "L," not "T.