Akhaz

Overview

Akhaz is an agglutinative - inflecting language based on trilitteral roots, as in Semitic languages. There are 5 grammatical cases used in Akhaz: nominative, genitive, accusative, intrumental and vocative; 4 grammatical moods: indicative, imperative, conditional and energetic; 6 tenses: future, present, past simple, past continous, past perfect, past perfect contionous; 2 voices: active and passive; 2 genders: masculine and femine; 2 numbers: singular and plural (although archaic dual number is sometimes used). Akhaz is VSO language, which means that in sentences first comes verb, then subject and object at last position (the same as in questions in English). However, as inflecting language, Akhaz allows word order to be completly free.

= Setting = Akhaz is spoken by Dwarves (uli Khzurim) from world of Soil, a world where steampunk technology of Dwarves mixes with grim Human magick and Orcish tribal ancestry. Akhaz has around 50 million speakers around the globe, and 5 main dialects: Lebnaghid, spoken on the Blood Plains and in the main area of Industrial Mountains; Jorkhavid, spoken in the northern Industrial Mtns. and on Khuldun Plateau; Knushmiy, spoken by Dwarves that long ago settled in the Humanish Kingdoms; Haghistanid, which is spoken by small population in the Sand Mtns. and is the most similar to Old Akhaz; and Hlughid ("Gibberish"), spoken by savage and primitive tribes of Dark Dwarves living in jungles all over the Soil. This article generally focuses on Lebnaghid dialect, as it has the biggest pool of speakers and is used in the biggest dwarven city of Bazenkrak, where cultures from all over the Soil mixes.

= Basic Grammar =

Pronounciation
Sounds /c/, /f/, /x/ and /w/ do not exist in Akhaz.

a - as in Asperger, usually tends towards ä

b - bit

d - death

e - envelope; "e" is always pronounced, even at the ends of the words

g - ago

h - head

i - bee

j - York

k - count

l - laser

m - many

n - nurse

o - ortography, usually tends towards ö

p - pin

r - razor

s - snore

t - turn

u - food, usually tends towards ü

v - velocity

z - zebra

Additionally, aspirated forms for most consonants exist, and for purpose of this article they will be written as consonant+h, so "th" doesn't mean the same sound as in thorn, but the aspirated "t" as in tore.

Nouns
Nouns have 2 genders (maculine and femine), 2 numbers (singular and plural) and 5 cases (nominative, genitive, accusative, intrumental and vocative), which are marked with case endings and changes in the definite article. Nouns have different case endings depending on gender and last letter.

Masculine
Masculine nouns are those that use ul as definite article and ends in all consonants except "t". There are 5 declensions types for masculine nouns.

1. Nouns that ends in k, kh, g, gh, so karak - citadel, building; azmag - head.

Last "k" in karak in genitive changes to "kh" because of general rule that consonant + consonant = aspirated consonant.

2. Nouns that ends in n, nh, m, mh, so nalom - security (this noun has irregular plural form, as it uses buil-in-root "m" rather than adds additional -im), akzen - shoulder.

3. Nouns that ends in d, dh, p, ph, b, bh, th, so azard - fire.

4. Nouns that ends in s, z, zh, so halez - water.

5. Nouns that ends in l, r, rh, so zrul - dirt, dzal - ear.

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= Dictionary =

Numbers
0 - nekad ("nothing")

1 - ahi

2 - di

3 - te

4 - kvir

5 - nakh

6 - rakh

7 - zri

8 - akh

9 - ghe

10 - keh

Teen numbers are created by putting "keh" before 1-9 number, so "kehahi" is 11, "kehdi" - 12 etc.

Numbers larger than 19 and lower than 100 are created by putting "keh" after the 1-9 number, so "dikeh" is 20, "tekeh" - 30 etc. Numbers like 44, 56 are made by simply putting 1-9 after decimal number, so "kvirkeh kvir" is 44, and "rakh-keh ghe" is 69.

Lower numbers include

100 - kar

1000 - zahk

1000000 (million) - milur

1000000000 (billion) - malarhu

= Example text = ...