Utagasvrimahi

General information
UtakSurmahi is High-God-Speak, a language that the sages and monks worked together to create that would closely emulate the pure sounds and feelings found in every human. It would serve to preserve and enlighten the people who would speak it - half of its words are devoted to meditation, philosophy and dharmic teachings. The other half is focused on emotion and words of every day usage.

This language is designed to be the primordial language before the catalysm that destroyed the land of its speakers before spreading around the world of Askāla in the form of various Jamahī. (daughter languages/dialects).

Alphabet
Plosives: p, b, t, d, .ț, ḑ, c, j, k, g;

Aspirated: ph, bh, th, dh, țh, ḑh, ch, jh, kh, gh

Sibilants: f, s, z, ś, ș, x, h

Liquids: v, l/ḷ, r, y

Nasals: m, n, ņ, ń, ñ

Vowels: a, i, u, r, e, o, ā, ī, ū, ai, au

Phonotactics
1. Plosives - aspirated versions cannot be followed by /l/ or /n/. Exceptions: 
 * chla (watch liam), khla (act late), khna (ask not), 


 * ghla (English), ghna (big name)

2. Nasals: Can only combine with suffixed plosives (aspirated included) in nucleus. If in coda, a vowel must follow unless it is /ns/ or /m/. /ns/ will match /s/ with unvoiced consonants, otherwise it will match /n/ with the voiced version. Eg:
 * Vrama sanas (no change) - He is a dog / a dog - he is. (SBJ)
 * Vra ms s anas > Vr ãn  sanas (nasal-matching) - He be(comes) a dog. (ACC sg)
 * Vrams jayasas > Vrãń jayanas (nasal-matching) - You know about the dog. (ACC sg)
 * Vrāns ṇara > Vrāṇ ṇara (matching) - Remove the dogs. (ACC sg)
 * Vrānh cayatāh > Vrānś cayatāh (matching) - They like dogs. (ACC pl)
 * Vrānh ḍharanas > Vrāṇ ḍharanas (matching) - He seeks dogs. (ACC pl)

3. Sibilants: Can combine with unvoiced plosives, nasals and liquids, prefix or suffix. But retroflexes cannot combine with dentals and vice versa. NB:


 * /h/ is seen as a  fricative in coda, yet has inherent rules of sibilants although it cannot combine with aspirated plosives prefixwise while retaining its integrity.


 * Before voiceless consonants /h/ in coda will change to become any of the 4 sibilants (f, s, sh, zh) depending on where the tongue will be. As for voiced consonants, it will change to an /r/ if not next to dentals or even be dropped out depending on Sandhi. Eg:
 * l ah  d ura > l o  d u ra (rounding), ava h   ṭ a > avaṣ ṭa  (matching), ni h   v ana > nir v ana  (adjusting)
 * lāh varā > lā varā (elliding), avauh ca > avauś ca (matching), adhyāh usta > adhyār usta (adjusting)


 * /s/ - The same applies here as well, especially in coda. Except /s/ changes to /l/ if next to any voiced consonant or vowel. Eg:
 * las+dura > lal dura (voicing), avas ṭa > avaṣ ta (matching), uris rana > uri rana (elliding due to r)

4. Liquids: 


 * /av/ > /o/, but /āv/ > /au/ unless followed by another vowel. Exception: /au/ + /u/ > [āb u].


 * /ay/ > /e/, but /āy/ > /ai/ unless followed by another vowel. Exception: /ai/ + /i/ > [ār i].

5. Vowels:
 * /r/ before any dental consonant r etroflexes them. Including /l/ (becomes ḷ). This effect gets cancelled if an ā vowel appears anywhere after.


 * ~u, ~i in coda or in morpheme boundary, if followed by a dissimilar vowel, will change to (v, y). Eg:
 * Tāni abumāh > Tāny abumāh (We moved them people)
 * Asu ātarya > Asv ātarya (One of many)
 * ~a in coda is unchangeable even if a vowel follows.

Grammar

1. Nouns - fall into the 2 male/2 female classes, as well as the 8 neuter classes. They are also declined according to case and number, as seen in the tables below: (the upper is singular form, the lower plural form) {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table article-table-selected" style="width: 500px;" ! scope="col"|Gender Class ! scope="col"|root ! scope="col"|SBJ ! scope="col"|DAT ! scope="col"|VOC ! scope="col"|INESS ! scope="col"|ACC ! scope="col"|GEN ! scope="col"|ORIG ! scope="col"|INSTR ! scope="col"|TILL

~yat
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table article-table-selected" style="width: 500px;" ! scope="col"| Neuter Class ! scope="col"|Meaning ! scope="col"|root ! scope="col"|SBJ ! scope="col"|DAT ! scope="col"|VOC ! scope="col"|INESS ! scope="col"|ACC ! scope="col"|GEN ! scope="col"|ORIG ! scope="col"|INSTR ! scope="col"|TILLK
 * }

~enkauh

 * }

== Adjectives:  Vocabulary==

Example text
Aumān humanār u styān satmān  svriyantāh - All men are created free and equal.