Muranian

Classification and Dialects
Galindian is spoken in the Republic of Crimea and is the only Eastern Baltic language retaining the most archaic features of Proto-Indo-European.

Writing System

 * The letter j followed by a vowel is pronounced /j/, e.g. : lajka (=chamomile) /lajka/, but followed by a consonant it palatalizes the consonant, e.g. : šjaukas (=everyone) /ɕawkas/
 * The diphthong ai is pronounced /aɪ/, e.g. : taip (=yes) /taɪp/
 * The diphthong au is pronounced /aw/, e.g. : šjaukas (=everyone) /ɕawkas/
 * The diphthong ie is pronounced /i:ə/, e.g. : liepi (=nice) /li:əpi/

Nouns
Nouns in Galindian are either masculine or feminine and can be put in the singular, plural or paucal and declined into the nominative, vocative, accusative, dative, genitive, ablative, instrumental or locative case.

Nota bene : Galindian like the two other main Baltic languages, Lithuanian and Latvian, lost its neuter for the nouns, but unlike Lithuanian and Latvian, it retained the dual and developed it to the paucal.

Masculine

 * Masculine names having pluri-syllabic stem end also always in -us and are conjugated like the nouns in -us, e.g. Joanus ( Jo.an. us)

Use of the cases

 * Nominative : used to express the subject or the attribute of the verbs buty (=to be) and staty (=to become), e.g. : Joanus eje zužę. (=John eats fish. - subject), Joanus bude inženeras. (=John is an engineer. - attribute of buty), Joanus stati inženeras. (=John will become an engineer. - attribute of staty)
 * Vocative : used to express exclamation, e.g. : Joane, adij ekje! (=John, come here! - exclamation)
 * Accusative : used to express the direct object, the temporal duration and followed by some prepositions, e.g. Joanus eje zužę. (=John eats fish. - direct object), Petatime į Ameriką čjetris hore. (=We will be flying to America for four hours. - temporal duration), Joane, adij į tą krejmną! (=John, go to the shop! - preposition)
 * Dative : used to express the indirect object and followed by some prepositions, e.g. : Dam darę Joanej. (=I give John a gift. - indirect object), Kupjų darę dila Joanej. (=I'm buying a gift for John. - preposition)