Niwenglisc:Verbe

Nouns * Adjektive * Verbs Back to Englisc

Verbe
Verbs in Niw Englisc are just a bit more complex than in modern English. They are declined to show person, mood, and number moreso than we are used to. Below is an example of a type 1 strong verb to indicate this:

Present Tense

 * Present Indicative:
 * Present Subjunctive:
 * Present Indicative Passive:
 * Present Subjunctive Passive:
 * Present Perfect Indicative Passive:
 * Present Perfect Subjunctive Passive:

Past Tense

 * Past Indicative:
 * Past Subjunctive:
 * Past Indicative Passive:
 * Past Subjunctive Passive:
 * Present Perfect Indicative Passive:
 * Present Perfect Subjunctive Passive:

Future Tense

 * Future Indicative
 * Future Subjunctive:
 * Future Indicative Passive:
 * Future Subjunctive Passive:
 * Future Perfect Indicative Passive:
 * Future Perfect Subjunctive Passive:

Type 1
Verbs of this type have the vowel series ei-a-i

Type 3
Verbs of this type have the vowel series e/i-a-o/u

Type 6
Verbs of this type have the vowel series a-o-a

example: faren, for, is gefaren

Irregular Verbs
Irregulare Verbe * don - to do   * gan - to go    * haben - to have * hycgen - to think * libben - to live * secgen - to say * wesen/been - to be; the only verb to have a distinct future tense form

Preterite-Present Verbs
Præterit-Præsens Verbe
 * 1) Modals: durren, kunnen, magen, moten, scullen, þurfen, willen
 * 2) Preterite-Present: agen, benugen, dugen, gemunen, genugen, witten

Weak Verbs
Weak verbs are more regular than strong verbs, having no vowel alternation to form the past tense. In cases where the verb ends in a sibilant (s, z, sc) or a voiceless consonant (such as p, k) the ending becomes "-te", otherwise it is "-de."

Example:
 * smieken, smiekte, gesmiekt
 * kyssen, kysste, gekysst
 * fullen, fullde, gefulld
 * blenden, blendede, geblended

Examples:
 * smieken - to emit smoke; to fumigate; meine Ieldern wolden user Hus smieken. Hje sæȝden þat wiȝ Flean haben My parents wanted to fumigate our house.  They said we have fleas
 * tuken - to treat ill, to afflict, harass, vex; ne tuke þeinen lytlen Broðer! don't harass your little brother!

Separable Prefix Verbs
Much like German, verbs in Englisc can have separable prefixes which alter the meaning of the verb.

Some examples:
 * to come: kumen
 * to come along: midkumen, þu kymst mid, ȝa?
 * to be derived from, come from: ofkumen, it kymþ of þem Land of.