New English

Introduction
New English (also called English) is the form of English spoken by the space travelers who found the planet Leshnethos during the years 2500. It got simpler over time and also evolved as an isolate on Leshnethos.

Consonants
Notes:


 * /ʔ/ is pronounced at the start of words beginning with a vowel. It isn't phonemic.
 * /h/ can be pronounced as /ʔ/ by some speakers.
 * /s/ and /z/ become /ʃ(ɹ)/ and /ʒ(ɹ)/ before /j/ or /ɹ/.
 * /t̪/ and /d̪/ become /t͡ʃ(ɹ)/ and /d͡ʒ(ɹ)/ before /j/ or /ɹ/.

Consonant evolution
In New English, we can see the simplification of the dental fricatives into labiodental ones, and the transformation of most aspirated stops into fricatives. Here's a list of the evolutionary changes in this conlang's consonants:


 * θ → f / θ*
 * ð → v / d*
 * pʰ → ɸ
 * t̪ʰ → θ
 * kʰ → x

Notes:


 * I didn't put brackets or slashes because every symbol is from the IPA.
 * The dental fricatives are also sometimes turned into stops, but the aspirated dental stop became a fricative again because of New English sound changes.

Vowels
Notes:


 * /ɒ/ is pronounced between a vowel and L. It can also be between a consonant and "L" at the end of a word. It isn' t phonemic.
 * /ɛ/ & /e/ become /ɛ̃/ when before a non word final nasal consonant.
 * /o̞/ & /ə/ become /õ̞/ when before a non word final nasal consonant.
 * /a/ becomes /ã/ when before a non word final nasal consonant.
 * /ə/ can be pronounced as /ʌ/ by some speakers.
 * /ʊ/ & /ʊː/ can be pronounced as /ʊ̈/ & /ʊ̈ː/ by some speakers.

Vowel evolution
The main change in New English's vocalic inventory is the disappearance of previous diphtongues. Some diphtongues are transformed into a longer form, and some others into different vowels. Also, the schwa vowels have disappeared in some words. Here's a list of the evolutionary changes:


 * ɪɪ̯ → ɪː
 * ʊ̈ʊ̯̈ / ʊʊ̯ → ʊː /ʊ̈ː
 * ɛɪ̯ → e
 * Vɹ → ɚ
 * əʊ̯̈ / əʊ̯ → o̞
 * aʊ̯̈ / aʊ̯ → o̞
 * aɪ̯ → aː

Note: "V" stands for any vowel, and I didn't put brackets or slashes because every symbol is from the IPA.

Phonotactics
New English's syllable structure is rather free; it could be described as CCCVCCCCC.

Latin alphabet
New English, as today's English does, uses the Latin alphabet. Even though letters don't always correspond to a word's sounds, they is a general trend on what sounds letters make. Here is a list with every letter and the sounds it usually makes:

The letters' names are in the lexicon.
 * A: a / e / ɑ
 * B: b
 * C: k / x / s
 * D: d
 * E: ɪː / ɛ
 * F: f
 * G: g / d͡ʒ
 * H: h
 * I: ɪ / ɪː / aː
 * J: d͡ʒ
 * K: k / x
 * L: ɫ
 * M: M
 * N: N
 * O: o̞ / ɑ
 * P: p / ɸ
 * Q: k / x / kw / xw
 * R: ɹ
 * S: s / z
 * T: t θ
 * U: ʊ / ʊː / ə / jʊː
 * V: v
 * W: w
 * X: ks / gz / s / z
 * Y: j / ɪ / ɪː
 * Z: z

There are also some digraphs:


 * Ai: aː
 * Au: aː
 * Ch: t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ
 * Ee: ɪ / ɪː
 * Er: ɚ
 * Ng: ŋ
 * Oo: ʊ / ʊː
 * Sh: ʃ
 * Th: f / v

Phonetic alphabet
This is a way to write New English phonetically with only the 26 letters. This is used for learning the language or for linguistics. Here are the representations of the sounds:

Note: I didn't put brackets or slashes in the lists since every symbol past the colons is from the IPA.
 * A: a
 * Aa: aː
 * An: ã
 * Ae: e
 * E: ɛ
 * En: ɛ̃
 * Eo: ə
 * Eu: ɚ
 * I: ɪ
 * Ii: ɪː
 * O: o̞
 * On: õ̞
 * Oa: ɑ
 * U: ʊ
 * Uu: ʊː
 * M: m
 * N: n̪
 * Ng: ŋ
 * P: p
 * B: b
 * T: t̪
 * D: d̪
 * K: k
 * G: g
 * Ph: ɸ
 * F: f
 * V: v
 * Th: θ
 * S: s
 * Z: z
 * Sh: ʃ
 * Zh: ʒ
 * Tsh: t͡ʃ
 * Ch: t͡ʃʰ
 * Kh: x
 * H: h
 * L: ɫ
 * R: ɹ
 * Y: j
 * W: w

Lexicon
The words are in alphabetical order, with the word in New English, its transcription in the New English phonetic alphabet and then its translation in English. If a word has an irregular plural form, it will be marked after the singular form and a slash.

Here's the lexicon:

https://pastebin.com/3yqUi0uX