Qafesona

General information
The Qafesona language is a small language isolate spoken on both sides of Georgia's borders with Armenian, Azerbaijan and Russia (more specifically Dagestan). Due to the distribution of the language there are four official scripts in use; modified Cyrillic, Georgian (Mkhedruli), Armenian and Latin alphabets. Qafesona's autonym is shown below in all four scripts and IPA:

English: The Qafesona language

Cyrillic: Ӄафесона езк

Georgian: ქაჶესონა ეზკ

Armenian: Քաֆեսոնա եզկ

Latin: Qafesona ezk

IPA: [qɐˈfɛsonǝ ˈɛzk]

Usage of scripts varies from place to place, Cyrillic normally being used in Russia, Georgian in Georgian, Armenian in Armenia and Latin being used when the target audience may comprise of people preferring a mixture of scripts. However, Cyrillic is used just as often as Latin in these instances and shall be used in the article from now on (unless another script is appropriate).

Phonology and orthography
All four scripts are shown below with the corresponding IPA symbols.

†The Georgian alphabet used has only one case.

Overview
There are no articles or genders in Qafesona, there are four numbers, singular, paucal, complural and plural. The paucal number is used to mean "a few" and the complural number (known to exist only in Qafesona) is used to mean "many" or " a lot".

Cases
The Qafesona language has five cases; nominative, accusative, genitive, locative and vocative.


 * Nominative case - names a noun or indicates the subject of a finite verb:
 * "The cat"
 * "We went to the shops."


 * Accusative case - indicates the direct object of a verb or movement:
 * "The clerk remembered us."


 * "I went to Russia"


 * Genitive case - indicates the possessor of another noun:
 * "John's book was on the table."


 * "The pages of the book turned yellow with time."


 * Locative case - indicates location:
 * "Do you live in Lisbon?"


 * "I'm stil at work!"


 * Vocative case - indicates an addressee:
 * "John, are you okay?"


 * "O John, where are you?"

Nouns
Although nouns have no gender there are different noun declensions depending on a noun's ending.

First declension
First declension nouns include all nouns ending in consonants.

Second declension
Second declension nouns end in -да, -ѕа, -џа, -са, -за or -жа.

Third declension
Third declension nouns in -а, but do not end in -да, -ѕа, -џа, -са, -за or -жа.