Kostish

General information
Evonisk (Eng. Evanish) is a West-Germanic language, related especially to Old English, but also Dutch, English, and German, with some borrowings from North-Germanic languages. Despite the syntax being complete, there aren't many words(so far). The idea behind it is that it might have been a hypothetical language to develop from Old English if some of the Anglo-Saxons had traveled to an island more northward and thus had their language more influenced by North-Germanic rather than Latin and French influences(and I must say, it is much more clear than Modern English). At the moment, Evanish is being carefully constructed, along with prefixes and suffixes to be used in compound words that are in place of Romance words. Many things may still change, and I make edits and additions to this page about once a day, but as it develops more, the updates might become less frequent.

Phonology
There is a simple alphabet, and I won't waste time like many others in explaining the phonetics

Alphabet
It's a modified Latin alphabet with 31 characters, including: æ, ð, è, ȝ, ò, þ, ù, and ƿ(optional): If a ȝ(yogh) comes at the end of the word, it is silent.
 * A, Æ, B, C, D, Ð, È, E, F, G, Ȝ, H, Y, I, J, K, L, M, N, Ò, O, P, R, S, Z, T, Þ, Ù, U, V, W
 * a, æ, b, c, d, ð, è, e, f, g, ȝ, h, y, i, j, k, l, m, n, ò, o, p, r, s, z, t, þ, ù, u, v, w

Evanish - English letter comparisons
The names of the letters in Evonisk use the sounds shown to the right of them to sound them out.

Sentence Structures
This is a basic guide for the word order, but it is not very necessary because words are declined for case. ^The punctuation is what the sentence ends with only, all sentences begin with a capital(if not writing in the Elder Futhark).

Noun Declension
see Evonisk nouns for more details, nouns may change, since Old English, two genders melded into one, and weak and strong verbs have mixed together. Nouns which follow prepositions are used in the dative case.

Articles & Demonstratives
Articles in Evanish come before all nouns except proper nouns and pronouns, the articles gender agrees with its noun.

Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions aren't decided yet.

Negation
When negating a verb "ne" is added before the verb as a seperate word, that is all. Double negatives mean a positive as in saying "I did not see nobody" would be "I saw someone".

Verb Conjugation
Verbs in Evanish are highly inflectional. There is no simple present, one always uses progressive present, so instead of saying "I like..." or "I think..." it sounds like "I'm liking" or "I'm thinking", but the distinction isn't really noticed in Evanish. For understanding the grammar behind it, see the Evonisk verbs page.

Here's an example of the English verb "to slay"... English has lost much of its morphology, Evanish hasn't... This is also one of the English words with more morphology than the usual as well...

Describing Words
All describing words and phrases come before what they describe, which might sound strange in English. They generally end in -isc(pronounced as English "-ish"). Adjectives are never written post-positively. In this example "foreign" modifies the word "man". Predicative Adjectives are used with the verb "beon" meaning "to be". An example: "The man will be foreign " would be written "Se mannu ƿerð bees walisc ". For comparative and superlative, see above. Note that there are two different future tenses for different purposes, and it is not wise to use this as a model for each.

Comparative
After the comparative adjective/adverb is written, it is followed by "ðann" meaning "than" (and pronounced the same). There is a difference in meaning between following "ðann" with a word in the nominative and the accusative. In the following example, "Au", "Bu", and "Cu" are in the nominative, while "Ae", "Be", and "Ce" are in the accusative: "Au saw Be quicker than Cu" means "Au saw Be quicker than Cu [saw Be]" while "Au saw Be quicker than Ce" means "Au saw Be quicker than [Au saw] Ce"

Adverbs
They generally end in -lyk. The grammar is the same as adjectives.

Never post-positively
Adjectives and Adverbs cannot be written post-positively, that is, they never follow nouns. An example of post-positive in English would be "tell me something interesting " would have to be written in Evanish as "tell to me an interesting something", note that an article (an) is used, articles must follow every noun and pronouns with the exception of names(and infinitives).

Relative pronouns

 * hwalyc - which
 * hwenn - when
 * hwa - who

Pronouns
To understand these more clearly, see Evonisk nouns. The reflexive is just "self"

E

 * -ere man who has to do with

F

 * fyr- of or pertaining to fire [from OE "fyr"]

G

 * ga- together/with (cognate with syn) [CG]

I

 * -isc (pronounced as amer. eng. "ish")added to the end of nouns to form adjectives to mean "ways of or similar to".
 * -iȝ added to mean "full of or characterized by" [CG]
 * -isk is the older form from which isc derives added now only to the end of languages (e. g. Evon isk )

L

 * -lyk added to the end of words generally to form adverbs cognate "Eng -ly"[from Old. Fris. "-lik"]

M

 * -man added to verb stems to form workers of the task [from Ger "mann"]
 * mund- of or pertaining to the mind [CG]

U

 * ur- proto [from Ger "ur"]

Noun Stems
Nouns are all capitalized, each with 5 cases. list here

F

 * Forrist - first

G

 * Galyk - similar [from Ga + liek]

N

 * norþ - north(as an adjective) [from OE "norð"]

S

 * strong - strong [from OE "strang", Eng "strong"]

W

 * walisc - foreign
 * wærm - warm [from OE "wearm"]

Prepositions
prepositions tend to have only one single meaning and cannot be easily translated therefore from Modern English.
 * anehsta - next to (only in the sense of being inside the immediate physical area, used in no other way) [from OE (Anglian) nesta, Modern English anext]
 * av - of [from swed "av"]
 * in - in [from Goth, Ger, OE, "in"]

Verb List
list here ======

Example text
As of yet incomplete... only the italisized part has been done so far.

ORIGINAL:

''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak. They agreed that the one who first succeeded in making'' the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the North Wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traveler fold his cloak around him; and at last the North Wind gave up the attempt. Then the Sun shined out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.

EVONISK:

''Se norþul Windu ond Se Sonnu soked hwalyc beut strongur, hwenn æn dekken in onn wærmil Kòtem Fahrereu kummut. Dè klincut av þe Aenu hwa forrist barut se Fahrereem ungaruwunge hyn Kòtem''

BACK TRANSLATION:

The north wind and the sun argued which was stronger, when a decked in a warm coat farer came. They agreed of the one who first brought the farer to unequip his coat