Englisch-Kapitel 2

Kapitel 2 - Verbs in the Present Tense; Imperative Mood -

Basic Forms of the Present Tense
The infinitive is the form of the verb you will find in the Englisch dictionary here or elsewhere online. It usually ends in -en or -n. The verb stem, or root, may be obtained by dropping that infinitive ending -en/-n.

With the stem, you can then add the inflectional endings of the present tense as follows:

Note that the plural has the same ending regardless of which person it is. Also, unlike many other Germanic languages, there is no formal/informal dichotomy. There is simply singular or plural.

Imperative
The imperative mood expresses commands, requests, and directives. There are two imperative forms in Englisch, either with þu or ȝiȝ.

An imperative sentence will end with a period or an exclamation mark, depending on how strong the command and emphasis is.

The position of bidde
The word bidde comes from the verb bidden and means please. It can be placed at the beginning or end of an imperative to soften the command. It is set off by a comma unless the sentence is very short (i.e. just the imperative verb and subject).

You can also put bidde in the middle of a sentence, in which case it will follow pronoun objects, but precede all other elements of a sentence:

Rop mic bidde on. Call me please. Ropeþ bidde Frowe Fuller morgenæfen on. Call Mrs. Fuller tomorrow evening.

Basic Pattern of the Imperative
For one person (þu), the imperative is the bare stem of the verb.

Do þat noȝht! Gestyr mic noȝht, bidde. Hab nane Fyrȝhtnes. Rop Herrn Fuller on.

Add -e to verb stems that end in -d, -t or consonant clusters.

Baðe noȝht to lange! Opne þie Duur! Derfe sneller!

For two people (ȝit) and more than 2 people (ȝiȝ), the imperative is the same as the second person plural form of the verb.

Variations in Imperatives
The þu-form of the imperative has the same stem changes in strong verbs as the regular present tense form has.

Wordliste

 * Capen, Etten, and Gedrenke
 * þe Gebyrddæȝ, -e birthday
 * þie Gebyrddæȝparty, -s birthday party
 * þat Gedrenk, -e drink
 * þe Ciese, -n cheese
 * capen to go shopping, to go to the store
 * þie Kake, -n cake
 * þe Hække, -n sausage, cold cuts
 * þe Hækkenlæpelder, -n cold cut platter
 * On þer Uni
 * Bedreifwerþschipp business administration (university subject)
 * þat Examen, - comprehensive exam
 * fercierren to skip class
 * þat Seminar, -e seminar, class

ÆæŒœÐðÞþǶƕȜȝ
 * Biȝ þer Arfoþ
 * On Rasung
 * þat Benzin gasoline
 * þie StiererLeafe, -n driver's license
 * þie Reststaðel, -n rest stop
 * þe Tankstall, -e gas station
 * Swilcnesse
 * friendlic friendly
 * unhængiȝ independent
 * geþyldiȝ patient
 * ungeþyldiȝ impatient