Sojaz

Sojaz (so- + jaz(ik) = "co-" + "lang(uage)" in Slavic languages) is one of the early attempts to create a pan-Slavic language.

{| border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 width=100% style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; "

Azbuka (alfabet) i zvuchenjo

 * Sojaz uses the letters of the Latin alphabet. They are:
 * Sojaz potrebe bukve latinsku alfabebetu. One je:
 * }
 * }

a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, sh, t, u, v, y, z, zh

{| border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 width=100% style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; "
 * Vowels a, e, i, o, u should be pronounced like German or Spanish ones. Vowel y denotes "back 'i'" sound. To pronounce it put your tongue in a position like if you pronounce vowel u and your lips like for i sound. It sounds like "rough i" sound.
 * Glaske a, e, i, o, u dolzhe buti zvuchene jak v naj-mnoge slavjanske jazyke. Glaska y znache "zaden i" zvuk. Do zvucheti to, mestejte Vash jazyk jak Vy zvuche by glaska u, i Vash gube jak za i. Zvuchet jak "grub" zvuk i.
 * Digraphs ch, sh and zh denote "hissing" consonants (ch — like 'ch' in 'cheese', sh — like 'sh' in 'sharp', zh — like 's' in 'pleasure'). They are slightly more "hard" than English sounds, i.e. don't draw your tongue to near to your palate. Touch it with tip of your tongue only.
 * Dvabukvje ch, sh i zh znache "shipejuche" soglaske. One zvuche jak polske "tverde shipejushe" zvuke 'cz', 'sz' i '&#380;'. Do zvucheti ih, dotykejte Vash gorlonebo s konec na Vash jazyk tolko.
 * Letters i and j can palatalize (soften) the previous consonant. It can be useful to distinguish i and y sounds. If you can't pronounce this, don't worry, it isn't necessary.
 * Bukve i and j mozhe obgorlonebeti (mjahketi) pred-idejuch soglaska. Mozhet buti polezen do rozlicheti zvuke i i y. Ne mozhete zvucheti to, ne trevogejte, ne jest osnoven.
 * Letter h has pronunciation like German on Scottish 'ch' in 'Bach' or 'Loch'. In word beginning before a vowel it may be pronounced voiced (like modern Greek '&#947;').
 * Bukva h zvuche jak polesk ili chesk 'ch' v slove 'strach' ili 'chleb'. V nachenjo slovu pred glaska mozhet zvucheti gloseno, jak chesk 'h' ili ukrajnesk '&#1075;'.
 * Letter c denotes an affricate ts. This means that the sounds t and s should be pronounced almost at once.
 * Bukva c zvuche jak v najmnogost slavjanesk jazykeju, jest do skazeti Vy dolzhe-by gvoreti zvuke t i s pochti sochasno.
 * Bukva h zvuche jak polesk ili chesk 'ch' v slove 'strach' ili 'chleb'. V nachenjo slovu pred glaska mozhet zvucheti gloseno, jak chesk 'h' ili ukrajnesk '&#1075;'.
 * Letter c denotes an affricate ts. This means that the sounds t and s should be pronounced almost at once.
 * Bukva c zvuche jak v najmnogost slavjanesk jazykeju, jest do skazeti Vy dolzhe-by gvoreti zvuke t i s pochti sochasno.
 * Bukva c zvuche jak v najmnogost slavjanesk jazykeju, jest do skazeti Vy dolzhe-by gvoreti zvuke t i s pochti sochasno.

Imene podstojetne (substantive)

 * Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. But if you don't know gender of word you need, don't worry, you always can use neutral (don't confuse with "neuter") forms.
 * Imene maju tri polrode: muzhesk, zhenesk i sreden. No jesli Vy ne znaje polrod na slovo Vy nuzhe koj, ne trevogej, Vy vsegda mozhe potrebeti neutralne forme.
 * Majority of words ending in -a are feminine, and ending in -o are neuter. All the rest can be whether masculine or feminine. Of course words denoting males are masculine and denoting females are feminine.
 * Naj-mnogost sloveju koncejucheju v -a su na zhenesk polrod, i koncejucheju v -o su na sreden polrod. Samrozumejucho, slove znachejuche muzhece su muzhesk polrodu, i znachejuche zhenice su zhenesk rodu.
 * You should prefer gender forms more with nouns the gender of which is clear by their meaning. (e.g. 'father', 'queen', 'boy', 'lioness' etc.)
 * Vy dolzhe-by bolje predvysheti polrodove forme s podstojne imene polrod na koje je jasen za hov znachenjo, (za primer, otec, krolica, malec, devica) i t.d.
 * The plural is formed by adding of ending -e. If the word ends in a vowel then you should replace that ending with -e.
 * Mnogost je formena s dobavenjo koncovku -e. Jesli slovo konce v glaska, tak Vy dolzhe-by zameneti to koncovka s -e.
 * Sojaz has genitive case. It's similar to the English possessive case. Genitive case is formed by adding of ending -u(v) to the word stem. Its use can be avoided using the preposition na or possessive adjectives.
 * Sojaz ma rodeten padezh (genitiv). To je za po-vel sovmestemost s naturalne slavjanske jazyke. Vy mozhe izbegeti potrebenjo tovu potrebejucho predlog na ili vladetne prilagetne imene.
 * Genitive is also used to denote the direction of movement in opposite to place of movement by verbs. E.g.: Idem v Moskva — 'I'm walking in Moscow', Idem v Moskvu — 'I go to Moscow'.
 * Rodeten padezh tozh je potreben do rozlicheti naprjamenjo dvigenju vzamen mesto dvigenju. Za primer: Idem v Moskva — Idem v Moskvu.
 * Plural genitive nouns get ending -eju(v) to their stem. It's result of combination of the endings plural -e and genitive one -u(v).
 * Podstojetne imene na rodeten padezh mnogostu polushe koncovka -eju(v). To je za kombinacja na koncovke -e (mnogostu) i u(v) (rodeten padezhu).
 * Examples:
 * Primere:
 * }
 * Rodeten padezh tozh je potreben do rozlicheti naprjamenjo dvigenju vzamen mesto dvigenju. Za primer: Idem v Moskva — Idem v Moskvu.
 * Plural genitive nouns get ending -eju(v) to their stem. It's result of combination of the endings plural -e and genitive one -u(v).
 * Podstojetne imene na rodeten padezh mnogostu polushe koncovka -eju(v). To je za kombinacja na koncovke -e (mnogostu) i u(v) (rodeten padezhu).
 * Examples:
 * Primere:
 * }
 * Primere:
 * }

{| border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 width=100% style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; "
 * Letter v in genitive ending is used when there is danger confusing of that noun with a verb in third person plural form (also having ending -eju). And when you like it. :-)
 * Bukva v v koncovka rodeten padezhu je potrebem gda to mozhe buti smeshen s slovese v forma tret osobu mnogostu (tozh majuch koncovka -eju). I gda htete to. :-)

Zaimene (pronomine)

 * Personal pronouns have three main forms: a) subject case (nominative) — is used for subject of action; b) object case — is used for object of action and for use with prepositions; c) genitive case — the same as one of the nouns.
 * Osobove zaimene ma tri glaven forme: a) subjekten (ili imeneten) padezh — je potrebem za subjekt dejenju; b) objekten padezh — je potrebem za objekt dejenju i s predloge; c) rodeten padezh — samy jaky na podstojetne imene.
 * Also there are possessive pronouns. They are similar to adjectives and have also five forms: neutral, masculine, feminine, neuter and plural.
 * Tozh vladetne zaimene je. Te je podoben do prilagetne imene i te tozh ma pjat forme: neutralen, muzhesk, zhenesk, sreden i mnogostu.
 * }
 * Tozh vladetne zaimene je. Te je podoben do prilagetne imene i te tozh ma pjat forme: neutralen, muzhesk, zhenesk, sreden i mnogostu.
 * }

{| border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 width=100% style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; "
 * Note that the genitive forms are derived from possessive ones. It's similar to German, where for example the word meiner ('of me') is derived from the word mein ('my').
 * Vnimejte zhe rodetne forme proiz-hode iz vladetne. Pohodet do germanesk jazyk, gde za primer slovo meiner (moju) proiz-hode iz mein (moj).
 * Ponouns to and te are similar to English 'it' I recommend to use them with unanimated objects, animals without clear sex etc. Pronouns on, ona and ono must agree to the grammatical gender of the word they replace.
 * Zaimene to i te pohode do anglisk 'it'. Ja rekomende potrebiti te s bezdushen objekte, zvere bez javen pol i t.d. Zaimene on, ona i ono dolzhe sogloseti do polrod slovu te zamene koj.
 * Zaimene to i te pohode do anglisk 'it'. Ja rekomende potrebiti te s bezdushen objekte, zvere bez javen pol i t.d. Zaimene on, ona i ono dolzhe sogloseti do polrod slovu te zamene koj.

Prost prisuten chas

 * This is the pattern and examples of conjugation in present simple tense:
 * Tato je obrazec i primere na konjugacja sloveseju v prost prisuten chas:
 * }
 * }