Englisch-Kapitel 1

This chapter will deal with the basic aspects of Niw Englisch word order. Further comments will be made in later chapters.

Subject - Inflected Verb
In clauses that stand alone, a main clause, the subject commonly appears in the first position, followed by the inflected, or conjugated, verb. The inflected verb then takes the personal ending that agrees with the subject.

In modern English, an adverb may be placed between the subject and the verb. In Niw Englisch, this cannot be done. The verb must be the second element in the sentence.

Inverted Word Order - Element X-Inflected Verb-Subject
When you wish to emphasize information and to establish a topic of a sentence, elements other than the subject often appear in the first position. Those elements are most often adverbial expressions. For stylistic reasons, it is important for you to vary the elements in the first position in order to avoid beginning too many sentences with the subject when you write in Niw Englisch. Please note that in Niw Englisch, similar to how German works, does not set off such elements with a comma.

Other elements, such as the grammatical object or a participle, occasionally also occur in the first position. They may be used to connect sentences effectively, to respond directly to a previous statement, or to emphasize something.

When an element other than the subject of the sentence occurs in the first position, the inflected verb must remain in the second position. The subject follows the inflected verb. To summarize, the subject of a given statement typically appears first, but if anything else appears in the first position, the subject of the sentence must appear directly after the verb.

Gefremmung 1-1
Understandung Identify the subject of each sentence below.
 * 1) Þen Lernryne hœdeþ Michael ælcen Tiwsdæȝ and Þunersdæȝ.
 * 2) Þie Friende besœkeþ Hannah om Wukenende.
 * 3) Æfens gæþ Kristina oft mid Hannah int Kino.
 * 4) Andi brœmþ om Sunnendæȝ seinen 30. Gebyrddæȝ.
 * 5) Þen Kaken bringeþ Erika and Katrina.
 * 6) Þie Gedrenke geholþ Kristine.

Gefremmung 1-2
Geþiedung Restate the following sentences by using the bolded words at the beginning, following the grammer reviewed above.

Example: ic ga þissen Æfen mid Karl int Kino. -> Þissen Æfen ga ic mid Karl int Kino.

Erika gemarkþ here Hogungen forr þie nieȝhste Wuke. (Erika describes her plans for the next week.)
 * 1) Ic besœke morgen meine Alma.
 * 2) Meine Swester and ic willeþ om Tiwsæfen etten gan.
 * 3) Wiȝ pleȝeþ om Æftermiddæȝ Tennis.
 * 4) Wiȝ gaþ Freijsæfen wald þaȝh int Kino.
 * 5) Ic ga mid meinen Ældern om Sæternsdæȝ in thie Efenlieðrung.

Themen and Wordliste
ÆæŒœÐðÞþǶƕ
 * Frelsdæȝ celebration day
 * þe Gebyrddæȝ, -e birthday
 * þe Gemynddæȝ, -e anniversary
 * Gewishad certainty
 * maȝhtlic possible
 * wiss certain
 * leiklic likely
 * unleiklic unlikely
 * In þer Burg in the city
 * þat Alþhus, -y-e pub, bar (one that typically doesn't serve hot food)
 * þe Eisernsporstaþel, -n train station
 * þat Hotel, -s hotel; Gasthus, -hyse
 * þie Innenburg, -y-e downtown; þie Burgmidde, -n
 * þat Kino, -s movie theater
 * þat Maðemhus, -y-e museum
 * þat Snædunghus, -y-e  restaurant, establishment selling cooked meat
 * þe Swimmpol, -e swimming pool
 * Dæȝlice Wyrȝhte daily activities
 * up*waken to get up
 * aƕilcen besœken to visit somebody
 * gemoten to discuss
 * capen to shop, go shopping
 * æfengererden to eat dinner
 * middæȝgererden to eat lunch
 * underngererden to eat breakfast
 * behogen - to take care of something
 * god/trag Mod haben to be in a good/bad mood
 * sieðen to cook
 * Dream hieren to listen to music
 * slæpen (gaan) to sleep (to go to sleep)
 * pleȝen to play
 * droȝhten to talk, converse