User:The Kaufman/Sandbox/3

I decided to not publish it on the wiki. Completely unrelated to previous... thing.

IE isolate to some degree.

Consonants
/m n ŋ ɲ p t k q b d g f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ χ h r ʙ j tʃ tɕ/ 

Voicelessness can be indicated by putting a  after a consonant.

All regular.

Vowels
/i e ɛ y ø ɪ ə ɜ ʊ ɯ ɑ o ɔ ɒ Vɪ Vʊ/ <í ì e y ö i - ø ú ù à ó ò á Vi Vu>

(12 monophthongs and schwa? o rly?)

The weird orthography is remnant of tones in the proto-language of the family.

The vowels are divided in two groups: high tone and low tone.

High tone vowels: /i y ø ʊ ɒ/ (aka those having the acute accent)

All other are low tone.

Phonotactics
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)(C), and more to be done.

þkàvàxs /'θkɑ.vɑχs/ "god"

If a voiced sound occurs in the end of a word, it's often devoiced.

If a plosive/affricate or trill occurs in the syllable coda, a schwa is (seldom) placed after it. Example: rràþpádárd /ʙɑθ.pɒ'dɒr.tə/ or /ʙɑθ.pɒ'dɒrt/ "civil war" (neu.)

Nouns
DECLENSION MAYHEM! Lemme do some words first. All-regular vocative case:

Masculine
(Yep I was cribbing that from the PIE Roots appendix)

Unstressed -às declension
rráþàs /'ʙɒ.θɑs/ "brother", stem rráþ- /ʙɒθ-/

Reduced stem polysyllable -às declension (type I - polysyllable stem)
kàlmàs /'kɑl.mɑs/ "name", stem kàlàm- /'kɑ.lɑm-/

Reduced stem polysyllable -às declension (type II - monosyllable stem)
ng'kàs /'ŋ.kɑs/ "maternal uncle", stem ngìk- /'ŋek-/

Suffix-stressed declension
báràs /bɒ'rɑs/ "brother in law". The stress is always on -à-.

Vowelless stem declension
vràs /vrɑs/ "parent"; stem vr- or vr-à- /vr- vr-ɑ-/ (Can be analyzed as a form of the -s declension.) Same rule for -òs, -ís, etc.

Soft (-s) masc. nouns
The -s ending nouns are always soft. They usually reduce low tone vowels.

Polysyllable; þkàvàxs /'θkɑ.vɑχs/ "god"; stem þkàv(à)x- þkàv(à)k-

Monosyllable -s nouns
vøxs "tribe"; stem vøx- vøk-. They aren't lenited before <ì> and some consonants There are also some -s nouns that end in -Vs, e.g. bràs "king", stem bìr-. They are usually left as such and not lenited in the cases that normally apply lenition.

-òs nouns
Mostly nouns loaned from other languages.

þàþòs "tooth" (1st type, monosyllable)

bòmpòs "bomb" (2nd type, polysyllable/2+ consonants)

-is nouns
Those nouns often take the form of other ending nouns

mònis "friend"

Adjectives
Same as nouns depending on the declension.

Nominative endings:

Verbs
The verb ending is -ti.

The verbs have 2 agglunative tenses and one complex tense, four classes (intransitive, 2 transitives, reflexive) and a static/dynamic distinction.

Example verb:

númàti - to treat someone as ... (INS); imperfective/progressive, transitive 2

Vocabulary
See /Vocabulary/ (will be revamped).