Siangwaanian

In-universe history
Siangwaanian (Siāng waanʟ bunʟ) is a language spoken by the people of Siangwaan, a republic located to the northeast of Vozolaz at the eastern coast of the continent of Palkyras. The people of Siangwaan were descended from slaves and prisoners of war brought in by the Sarmelonid Empire during its wars to conquer the Western Hemisphere of Jerde. When the Sarmelonid Empire weakened, the Siangwaanians revolted and created their own country. They later distanced themselves from their homeland of Daizhou, condemning it for its backwardsness and adopting Vozonid rites and customs in its culture.

It has its own dialects: for example, in the eastern dialects, the sound bl can replace l and b, and the western dialects sometimes replace m and b with a v.

Vozonid languages and others on the continent of Palkyras used Siangwaanian as their reference for Daizhouvian and Chinese names. For example, the city of "Luoyang" is read in Vozonid as "Lokijongaz" or "Lokjenngaz" (lok-yeung).

External history
HorsesDrivingVans created Siangwaanian at around 2017 as a language for the setting of Unicorn Farmhand. As the setting was supposed to be based on Hong Kong popular culture, he based the Siangwaanian language on Cantonese Chinese.
 * The author based Siangwaanian on his native language, Cantonese. The addition of sh and the distinction between eu and ew were from his dissatisfaction with how the language has changed.
 * The author made the modern Siangwaanian writing a Cyrillic alphabet because he liked its letters, and he wanted to used the obsolete letters Ѧ and Ѫ (here they are used for aa [ɐ] and eu [ø]).

Tones

 * a - middle tone [ā, a˧]
 * á - rising tone [ǎ, a˧˥]
 * ā - high tone, long vowel in foreign languages [á, a˥]; [aː]
 * à - falling tone [â, a˥˩]
 * aʟ - low tone [à, a˩]

Pronunciation notes
bp, dzh, dt, f, gk, kh, lh, ô, q, r, rh, ssh, v, and zh are used in foreign words and names.
 * aa - [ɐ]
 * b - [p]
 * bp - [b], also spelled as b
 * ch - [t͡sʰ~t͡ɕʰ]; [t͡ʂ] in loanwords
 * d - [t]
 * dt - [d], also spelled as d
 * dzh - [d͡ʑ] in loanwords
 * eu - [ø]
 * ew - [eu] (e-u becomes this)
 * g - [k]
 * gk - [g], also spelled as g
 * gh - [ɣ~h]
 * k - [kʰ], [-k]
 * lh - [lw] in Vozonid loanwords
 * ng - [ŋ]
 * ô - [ɔ~a] in loanwords
 * p - [pʰ], [-p]
 * q - [q~k] in Vozonid loanwords
 * rh - [tr~dr~rw] in Vozonid loanwords
 * sh - [ɕ], [ʂ] in loanwords
 * t - [tʰ], [-t]
 * th - [θ~s]
 * ü - [y]
 * y - [j]
 * z - [t͡s]; [z], [-s] in Vozonid loanwords
 * ź - [z] in loanwords
 * zh - [ʑ] in Vozonid and Bujanski loanwords
 * a - middle tone
 * á - rising tone
 * ā - high tone, long vowel in foreign languages
 * à - falling tone
 * aʟ - low tone

Phonotactics
CwVC/CuVC, CiVC, CVV, CiVo, CwVi/CuVi

Writing System

 * gh - [ɣ~h], [j] before [i]
 * ао - ao - [aw]
 * еу - ew (not eu, Ѫ) - [ɛw]



Pronouns
-yā - plural
 * mó - I, me
 * naa - thou, thee
 * kúi - he/she/it, him/her/it
 * móyā - we, us
 * naayā - you all, ye all
 * touʟ - they, them

-yē is used as a genitive for pronouns and words, but it becomes -mē in mó

Verbs

 * ... zó - had finished
 * ... gwo - done before
 * ... sái - all done
 * ... gáan - (continuous)
 * ... há - still doing to now
 * ... hōi - usually does


 * ... héi séung lèi - started to do
 * kiew ... - will do

Other verbal aspects

 * ... mouʟ - did not do (after a verbal aspect)
 * -mauʟ - have not done
 * ... de - by someone, (passive, after a verbal aspect)
 * néng ... - can, able to do
 * néng ... -mauʟ, ... néngmauʟ - cannot

Location

 * sheungʟ - up
 * yèuk - right
 * hià - down
 * zák - left
 * bok - north
 * dōng - east
 * namʟ - south
 * sèi - west
 * mien - direction
 * héung - towards
 * hongʟ - from
 * zoī - at, in
 * wài - out
 * nou - through
 * de mien - ahead
 * tāa - against
 * hàau mien - behind
 * hià mien - under
 * sheungʟ mien - over

Amount

 * ... máo - a certain ...
 * dāi - great
 * luén - medium
 * yǖt - small
 * gáan - almost

Time

 * chàm - previous
 * gāk leiʟ - next

Question words

 * -ngaa - (interrogative)
 * dí, māat yeʟ - what
 * bēn gó - who
 * bēn douʟ - where
 * gái shi - when
 * dím gáai - why
 * dím ... - how
 * dím shaakʟ - how much
 * ... lúi māi - is ... or not?
 * X Y mouʟ Y? - is X Y?
 * X Y meiʟ - has X Y or not?

Others

 * ei niè - this
 * mán niè - that
 * gei - as
 * yāt chái - together
 * gōn chái - with (someone)
 * yòng - with/using (something)
 * dà ... - very

Verbs

 * zōk - to do
 * āau - to have
 * yēw - to want
 * ngāi - to like
 * shēng - to become, to be
 * lúi - is, am, to be

Directions

 * sheungʟ - up
 * yèuk - right
 * hià - down
 * zák - left
 * bok - north
 * dōng - east
 * namʟ - south
 * sèi - west

Others

 * shái - yes
 * bāat - no, not
 * zān haiʟ - truly
 * chòngmaai - never

Greetings

 * ket shō (doʟ naa) - hello
 * míng sāan - welcome
 * zan ché - please
 * shó yē lúi ngāa - how are you
 * mó lúi ong - I am fine
 * mó lúi bāat ong - I am not fine
 * tāng zó - thank you
 * dí naa mē luan ngāa - what is your name
 * mómē luan X - my name is X
 * shengʟ ngōn - good morning (before 6 am/sunrise)
 * cháo ngōn - good morning (6 am/sunrise and after)
 * hán ngōn - good afternoon
 * ban ngōn - good evening
 * yāt ngōn - good night
 * cha giēn - goodbye
 * tói naa lēi - see you again

Lexicon
See also: Siangwaanian glossary
 * bān ngōn - good evening
 * bāat - no, not
 * dá - one
 * dálōk - independent, sovereign
 * daʟ-kiāo nuè - unicorn, horse with one horn
 * dí - what
 * ei - yellow
 * nuè chēung, má chēung - horse-spear, jousting
 * ngāi - love
 * ō - two
 * ōmséw - night
 * ong - good
 * wai - for
 * wongʟ - wight
 * wongʟpo - madam wight
 * wongʟye - sir wight
 * wuk - luck, fortune


 * ... yānbienʟ, ... yānyütʟ, ... héiyeukʟ - (CD) May you have a happy ...
 * Dálōk Zit Héiyeukʟ! - Happy Independence Day!
 * Pu-rul-li Yānyütʟ! - Happy Purulli/Happy New Year!
 * Zom-yo-nor-se Dansheng Yānyütʟ!/Zom Zit Yānyütʟ! - Happy Zomjonor's Birthday!

Vozonid loanwords

 * a-dì - lord
 * an-bā-ro(z) - steel
 * bē-za - (formal) to die, to pass away
 * bē-zu - (formal) death
 * dā-la, dtā-la - light
 * da-sài - ten thousand, many, (formal) long live
 * dzhin-dtá-wei - be careful
 * gwol - no, nay
 * hái-ma - (formal) thousand, army
 * hiè-nu - dishonour, shame, desecration
 * hiù-to - mind, thinking
 * karʟ-kì, kaʟ-ri-kì - spinel
 * mīn-so, mīn-tho - student, (to those below you in rank) thou
 * o-nō-ro - king
 * (o-)nō-ro-noʟ, (o-)nō-ro-norʟ - emperor
 * ra-sià, ra-thià - awakening, awareness, renaissance
 * ras-pe-sa - robes
 * rei-wà - rejoicing, celebration, feast, festival
 * rò-yul - ghost
 * sié - yes, verily
 * tù-ro - hail to you, long live, victory to
 * yau-bô-ro - gryphon
 * źol-lhù-seiʟ - long live