Xwarṣa

General information
Xwarṣa is an extinct language :( As for the external history and language intent, Xwarṣa is a speedlang influenced by hBaṣvî (another Persiform conlang).

Consonants
/p b t d ʈ ɖ k g q/ /s z θ ð ʂ ʐ x ħ/ /m n ɳ ŋ/ /v r (l) j w/

     

Additionally, the clusters /θt ðd/ behave as one consonant. The plosive pairs denoted by /pb td/ et cetera do not seem to actually have any contrastive voicing as  is distinct from both  and ; the same applies to all other plosives. The fricative pairs /sz θð/ et cetera, on the other had, do seem to have voicing as  assimilates to  (regressive voicing assimilation is present)

Vowels
/a ɒ e ə i o u/ /ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ũ/

 <ą ą̂ ę ǫ ǫ̂ ų ų̂>

Circumflexes denote long vowels, ogoneks nasal ones.

Vowel Lengthening
All final vowels lengthen:

Grammar
Xwarṣa is an ergative-absolutive language.

Nouns
Nouns in Xwarṣa inflect for several categories:
 * 1) Number
 * 2) Case
 * 3) Definiteness
 * 4) Noun class
 * 5) Possession

Xwarṣa nouns can be singular, dual and plural. They can be either definite or indefinite. They can either belong to the class of edible objects or inedible objects. They can inflect for one of eight cases:
 * 1) Absolutive
 * 2) Ergative
 * 3) Dative
 * 4) Vocative
 * 5) Instrumental
 * 6) Vialis
 * 7) Malefactive
 * 8) Possessed

Xwarṣa nouns inflect for the person of an object in their possession, which then takes the possessive case. They can inflect for three persons, with additional variations: A Xwarṣa noun looks like this:
 * 1) First person
 * 2) Singular (1)
 * 3) Dual
 * 4) Inclusive (1)
 * 5) Exclusive (1)
 * 6) Plural
 * 7) Inclusive (1)
 * 8) Exclusive (1)
 * 9) Second person
 * 10) Singular (2)
 * 11) Dual (2)
 * 12) Plural (2)
 * 13) Third person
 * 14) Proximate
 * 15) Singular
 * 16) Dual
 * 17) Plural
 * 18) Obviate
 * 19) Singular
 * 20) Dual
 * 21) Plural

The root is the bare morphosemantical unit that makes up the word, stripped of all inflections and derivations. Derivational suffixes are added onto the root to form the basic stem. Adding a possession suffix onto the basic stem makes an extended stem. This extended stem receives inflection and becomes a full noun.

Verbs
Verbs in Xwarṣa inflect for several categories: Xwarṣa verbs inflect for the person and number of its absolutive argument, which are conflated as such:
 * 1) Person
 * 2) Number
 * 3) Tense
 * 4) Polarity
 * 5) Aspect
 * 6) Mood
 * 1) First person
 * 2) Singular (1)
 * 3) Dual
 * 4) Inclusive (1)
 * 5) Exclusive (1)
 * 6) Plural
 * 7) Inclusive (1)
 * 8) Exclusive (1)
 * 9) Second person
 * 10) Singular (2)
 * 11) Dual (2)
 * 12) Plural (2)
 * 13) Third person
 * 14) Proximate
 * 15) Singular
 * 16) Dual
 * 17) Plural
 * 18) Obviate
 * 19) Singular
 * 20) Dual
 * 21) Plural