Horgóne

Setting Fantasy Universe

Phonology
Consonants

Plosives are aspirated depending on the grammar.

Palatal fricatives to glottal fricatives never occur finally.

1* An allophone

2** Rare

Phonological Syntax
Nasal consonants never appear word initially. If Horgon were to borrow a word from another language, say, the English word misunderstand, it would appear and be pronounced bĭsŭnrstăn. Also, no approximants may be placed word initially, with the exception of /j/. No two voiced plosives may be put in the same root word, unless a voiceless consonant is between them, i. e., b-t-d the root word for to drink, or b-f-d the root for to discover.

There are only three clusters allowed: sp, st, and ''sk. ''Those never occur in roots, though are commonly found in adjectives and prepositions.

Stress of words fall on the second-to-last syllable; these include:

VC, VCC, CV, CVV, CVC, CVCC, CVVC

ăp, ŏst, ta, pua, kĕk, hŏst, theun

Translation:

oops, seven, and, so, thirteen, seventeen, therefore 

Mutations
V - Vowel

C - Voiceless consonant

Cv - Voiced consonant VCv(a,o,u)- gh i > g i

Orthography
Since stress is on the second to last syllable, an acute accent is put on (í, ý, é, á, ó, ú). But, if the second to last syllable has a diphthong, there is no stress. Circumflexes denote glottalization of a vowel ''(î, ê, â, ô, û). Breves denote shortness of a vowel (ĭ, ĕ, ă, ŏ, ŭ), ''representing ɪ, ɛ, æ, ɔ, ʊ, Respectively.

Grammar
Horgon is a highly inflected language, containing eight noun cases, treating pronouns as affixes, and having three genders.

Nouns
[( R-(Aan)-R-(Ag)-R )-N]

Nouns are expressed in root words; t-s-d, the root word for person''. In the first hyphen space, a vowel denoting whether the object is animate or not is placed, ă for animate, a ''for inanimate. In the second hyphen space, gender is applied, -a- for neuter, -u- for masculine, -i- for feminine and -y- for neuter concepts such as years. Noun cases and plurality are expressed by suffixes to the word.

Therefore, Tăsud is a man, Tăsid is a woman, Tăsudya are men, and Tăsidya are women. Though you could say that a tasud is a dead man, it probably would not be used for circumstances, but rather for a verb that used to be done by a noun: i. e. tasud kôpenúvĕd: a man, he used to eat.

Cases
1. When the ending consonant is a palatal plosive, -yo becomes -io

Examples:

He beat the metal. Yôghad farúco.

His bird flew. ''Dhănucab cacon. ''

He gave Mary a book. Ku bălútĕm Mary.

He used his foot. Sănucáto.

I walked to the river. Vaigosu khălisŏn

I walked from the river. Vaigosu khălisŭm

John, look! Joni, dĭn deusudŭm.

I'm in New York. Nu New Yorkust.

Pronouns
For subject pronouns, an affix is inserted into the first consonant space of a verb. Concerning fourth and fifth person:

Fourth person is mostly used in questions like, How big are your eyes supposed to be?

Fifth person is archaic and generally out of use, but when it is used, it represents we, but of a much larger scale rather than it being limited to a group, say, someone's race.

For the verb to like:

I like: Kailámu

You like: Keulámu

He/She likes: Kôlámu/Kôlámi

We like: Kailámyu

You(pl.) like: Keulámyu

They like: Kôlámyu

Verbs
{[M-(( R-(ap)-R-(at)-R )-N,G)-M]-A} = V

In the above formula the R represents the triconsonantal verb root. In between those are affixes that show grammatical person (p), grammatical tense (t). As suffixes -N,G show number and gender. As circumfixes M-(V)-M shows mood. And as a suffix (V)-A shows grammatical aspect.

Mood
Mood is expressed by circumfixes that agree with the person, number and gender of the verb they accompany.

There are six moods in Horgon:

Indicative - Default

Subjunctive - Showing doubt or probability: may/might

Imperative - Expressing a command of the one speaking. Not expressed as a circumfix, but rather the word dĭn placed before a verb.

Conditional - what could happen

Optative - indicating wishes

Hortative - indicating exhortations, For example, Lets go!, May he live 100 years!

In the graphs below, The V represents a verb.

Subjunctive

d-l-z:

I might go: Bĕdailuáza.

You might go: Vedeuluázó.

He/She might go: Bédôluázû/Áldôliázum.

Imperative

Conditional

jh-n-m:

If I feel well... Thijhainemu bua'î... (jh-n-m: to feel)

If you feel well... T'ejheunemua bua'î...

If he feels well... Tajhônemuá bua'î...

Optative

d-l-z:

He wishes that I go. Ku pedailéza

He wishes that you go. Ku p'ădeuléza (/ku pʰædeul'eza/)

He wishes that he goes. Ku bŭdôlézá (/ku bʊdoˀl'ez'a/)

Hortative z-n-gh: May I live 100 years! : Hizainegh hâin kabýsya.

May you live 100 years! : Haizeunéghi hâin kabýsya.

May he live 100 years! : Hâzônéghî hâin kabýsya.

Aspect
There are ten aspects in Horgóne.

Continuative:

Gainalán''ŭz: I've yet to meet him.