Pasanian

=Overview= Pasanian is a descendant of Nessëran, spoken in the eastern seaside areas of Nesëra. Originating as a dialect of the main language - because of it's relative isolation has diverged significantly enough from Nessëran to be classified as a seperate language by many authorities. In addition, because of the seafaring nature of the area in which the language has evolved, Pasanian has picked up many aspects of Spanish and Portuguese including a significant part of it's lexicon, particularly words to do with the sea (bärco "ship" - from Spanish "barco", acantilado "cliff" and playa "beach"). As well as it's orthography (for example the use of 'c' for [k]).

=Phonology=

Sound Changes from Nessëran
Pasanian has lost the Nessëran palatal fricative [ç] (represented in Nessëran by the letter 'q'), losing it's fricative qualities and becoming an approximant [j] before vowels and after vowels word-finally. Before consonants it has been lost altogether. Examples of this change are adërr from Nessëran adërq ("fine"), drayaş from Nessëran draqqaş ("council") and cuep from Nessëran kepq ("[to] take").

It has also lost the phonemic difference between [i] and [ɪ], both becoming in Pasanian allophones of /i/. These are represented in Pasanian by the letter 'i' (with 'y' - used to represent /i/ in Nessëran - being used instead to represent the approximant /j/ as in english).

Pasanian has adopted the Spanish phonemes [ʎ] and [ɲ] (represented by 'll' and 'ny' respectively), predominantly for loanwords. It has also developed phonemic difference between the alveolar trill [r] and flap [ɾ], as in Spanish. Only the alveolar flap was present in Nessëran.

Pasanian has also lost the phoneme [h], with the character 'h' only being seen as part of the letter 'ch'.

The sound [ts] has deaffricated to [s].

Phonemes
The following table shows the consonants that are found in Nessëran. When found in pairs, the one on the left is voiceless, and the one on the right is voiced.


 * 1) The velar nasal /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before either /k/ or /g/, the same as in english.

=Orthography= Pasanian orthography was developed relatively seperately to that of it's Parent language, so many words that are pronounced the same or similar in both languages are spelt very differently. Pasanian has though transferred the Nessëran letters 'ş', 'ë' and 'ä' to it's own orthography with the same phonetic values.

Alphabet
'Ch', 'Ll', 'Ny' and 'Rr' are all regarded as individual letters in their own right. Although the latter three are predominantly found in words borrowed or taken from Spanish, 'Ch' is used frequently in words inherited from Nessëran, in which the same sound is represented by 'ç'.

=Lexicon= Most of the vocabulary of Pasanian is of Nessëran stock, however a significant (and growing) percentage of Pasanian words is of Spanish and other romance origin. There is also a large Greek and Latin influence, mostly from internationally-used words such as fotografi ("photography").

=Basic Grammar=

Nouns
Pasanian stays faithful to the Nessëran system of noun cases.

The following table shows how the noun cases are indicated by adding enclitics onto the noun. Take the phrase va rimasta meaning "the car".

Examples
 * Änilalun achulsor la rimmastasura "I traveled here by (the) car"


 * Fesebun achir dennaya "I can do this without you"

=Dictionary= ...

=Example text= ...