Kiitra/Lexicon

Kiitra is one of the six major indigenous languages of the planet Alplaa, and is used throughout its solar system as a universal auxiliary language. For more detailed information on historical background, grammar, pronunciation, et cetera, please refer to the main Kiitra page.

General format
The following is a listing of words and phrases in Kiitra and the other languages of Alplaa. For ease of use, they are printed in Latin alphabet transliteration. To search on the list, use your browser's "find" function (such as Ctrl+F for Internet Explorer); if you can't find a translation for a specific word, repeat using synonyms.

The format is as follows:

Kiitra word or phrase (word class) meaning in English [additional notes] This list is a work in progress. If you think of a concept which is not covered by any word or phrase in this lexicon, please suggest an addition in the "Talk" page.
 * derived or related usage - meaning in English

.─ A
aba (adjective or adverb) now, presently abashokda (noun) Alplai contemporary/popular music [marked by use of electronic and amplified instrumentation, but no singing]
 * id'aba - the present time

abaten (noun or adverb) today, the current day

abiikh (adjective or adverb) immediate, immediately, right now

ada (adjective or adverb) male, of the male sex or gender

adabaakh (noun) boy, juvenile male

adagejrai (noun) adolescent male

adajaita (noun) brother, male sibling

adajaitakrai (noun) brother-in-law, male sibling of one's spouse

adakidra (noun) uncle, parent's male sibling

adalaita (noun) male cousin

adantishnar (noun) sperm

adantolf (noun) semen

adapidra (noun) son, male offspring

adapidrakrai (noun) son-in-law, male spouse of one's offspring

adaprotnai (noun) man, adult male

adarja (noun) sir

adavidra (noun) father, male parent

adavidrakrai (noun) father-in-law, male parent of one's spouse

adazidra (noun) nephew, sibling's male offspring

adazokh (noun) male person

adjra (pronoun, formal) he, him [third-person singular male pronoun used for deities or esteemed decedents]

adjraluu (possessive pronoun) his [third-person singular male pronoun used for deities or esteemed decedents]

adma (noun) origin, source

adra (pronoun) he, him

adraluu (possessive pronoun) his

adukendakuud (noun) testicles

adukendeira (noun) pouch in front of abdomen of Alplai males where penis is kept

adukendla (noun) penis

aduulshadra (noun) plug for electricity or electronic connection

aindifan (adjective or adverb) ethically/morally good/right

aindii (adjective or adverb) ethical, ethically, moral, morally

aindiira (noun) ethics, morality, morals aindiirai (noun) ethical/moral person
 * g'boz aindiira - to be ethical/moral [lit.: to have ethics/morals]

aindiirekaavaag (noun) moral philosophy, philosophy of ethics

aindiirekaavaagai (noun) ethicist, moral philosopher, philosopher specializing in theories of ethics/morals

aindimuur (adjective or adverb) ethically/morally bad/wrong

aindinemla (adjective, adverb or noun) ethically/morally neutral, ethical/moral neutrality

aira (pronoun) them, they [for persons or other living things, gender-neutral]

airaluu (possessive pronoun) their, theirs [for persons or other living things, gender-neutral]

ajala (adjective or adverb) equal, equally

ajaldar (verb) to equalize, to make equal

ajaldra (adjective or noun) egalitarian, equality

ajaldraat (noun) Egalitarian Party; Alplai political party devoted to promoting, protecting and extending equal rights for all citizens

ajaldradiirdeznai (noun) "egalitarian Traditionalist"; a frequent description of a moderate member of the Traditionalist Party; also a member of the former Egalitarian Traditionalist Party which would later merge with the Pragmatic Conversionist Party and independent moderates to form the current Pragmatist Party.

ajaldrai (noun) egalitarian person, member of Egalitarian Party

ajan (verb) to say, to speak, to talk, to utter

ajlipaa (adjective or adverb) approximate, approximately, close to, somewhat

ajna (adjective or noun) speech, spoken, utterance

ajnakuud (noun) syrinx, voicebox

ajnara (noun) ability to speak, voice

ajnedar (verb) to pray

ajnedra (noun) prayer

ajnokhrenra (adjective, adverb or noun) hypocrisy, hypocritical, hypocritically

ajnokhrenrai (noun) hypocrite

ajra (pronoun, formal) he/she, him/her [third-person singular neuter pronoun used for deities or esteemed decedents]

ajraluu (possessive pronoun) his/her/hers [third-person singular neuter pronoun used for deities or esteemed decedents]

akorajet (noun) Alplai equivalent of doctoral degree, doctorate

akorjetai (noun or title) doctor, person who has obtained a doctorate

Alplaa (proper noun) name of homeworld for the Alplai peoples

Alplai (adjective or noun) people of Alplaa, a sapient race evolved from avian ancestors; originating from or related to Alplaa

ara (pronoun) he/she, him/her [gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun]

araluu (possessive pronoun) his/her/hers [gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun]

ater (noun) Alplaian month of 33 days

ava (adjective or adverb) female, of the female sex or gender

avabaakh (noun) girl, juvenile female

avagiinzraat (noun) feminist/women's movement [note: Alplai's equivalent of a feminist movement overlaps with the Egalitarian Party (ajaldraat); this stems from the formation of the party around extending suffrage to all adults; Alplai feminist thus combines electoral work via the larger Egalitarian Party, plus educational and other nonelectoral work around women's concerns]

avagiinzrai (noun) feminist activist/supporter

avagejrai (noun) adolescent female

avajaita (noun) sister, female sibling

avajaitakrai (noun) sister-in-law, female sibling of one's spouse

avakidra (noun) aunt, parent's female sibling

avalaita (noun) female cousin

avapidra (noun) daughter, female offspring

avapidrakrai (noun) daughter-in-law, female spouse of one's offspring

avaprotnai (noun) woman, adult female

avarja (noun) ma'am/madam

avavidra (noun) mother, female parent

avavidrakrai (noun) mother-in-law, female parent of one's spouse

avazidra (noun) niece, sibling's female offspring

avazokh (noun) female person

avgeshvorh (noun) intense estrus-like episode which occurs in some Alplai adolescent females

avjra (pronoun, formal) her, she [third-person singular female pronoun used for deities or esteemed decedents]

avjraluu (possessive pronoun) her, hers [third-person singular female pronoun used for deities or esteemed decedents]

avkenjotra (noun) dildo, vaginal dialator [clinical/technical term]

avra (pronoun) her, she

avraluu (possessive pronoun) her, hers

avukendakuud (noun) ovaries

avukendra (noun) vagina

avuulshadra (noun) socket for electricity or electronic connection

aza (adjective or adverb) androgynous, intersex

azarja (noun) gender-neutral equivalent of sir/madam used to address androgynous/intersex individuals or when the person's gender is unknown

azashojnaat (noun) Alplai movement affirming the existence and equal rights of intersex and gender-nonconforming individuals [note: Konarai society already affirmed the reality of transgender and intersex identities, other cultures had difficulty dealing with it; the azashojnaat movement's first success was in normalizing the use of ara, originally to be used only when gender was not known, for people who did not identify as either male or female; this was followed with other changes in language, then the incorporation of their broader civil rights platform by the Egalitarian Party and other political groups]

azashojnai (adjective or noun) intersex/transgender rights activist, relating to advocacy for intersex/transgender rights/activism

azazokh (noun) androgynous/intersex person

.─: AA
aabirvosh (verb) to impress

aabirvosha (adjective) impressive

aabriiga (adjective or adverb) nuanced, subtle, subtly

aafshai (noun) courtesan, gigolo, kept man/woman [to be distinguished from a "common" prostitute (tulkrai) in terms of having one wealthy and/or powerful benefactor; no gender distinction is made]

aagza (adjective) crude, raw, uncooked, unrefined

aagzateshladelta (noun) crude oil, unrefined petroleum
 * aagtesh - more colloquial version

aaj (adjective) south, southern

aakhpredal (verb) to transform, to undergo metamorphosis or other significant change [contrast with gaja'on]

aakhpredla (adjective or noun) metamorphosis, transformation, transformative [contrast with gajana]

aakorna (adjective or noun) exposed, exposure, revealed, revealing, uncovered, uncovering

aakron (verb) to expose, to reveal, to uncover

aamgii (adjective) fancy, lavish, sumptuous

aan (verb) to sleep

aana (adjective) sleepy, sleeping, sleep-related

aanai (noun) sleeper, sleeping person

aanadiirsa (noun) general anaesthesia

aanashiinla (noun) bedroom

aanda (noun) sleep

aaniijda (adjective, adverb or noun) equitable, equitably, equity, fair, fairly, fairness, just, justly, justice
 * g'boz aaniijda - to be equitable/fair/just [lit.: to have equity/fairness/justice]

aankaaj (verb) to sleepwalk

aankja (adjective or noun) sleepwalking, somnambulism, somnambulistic

aankjai (noun) sleepwalker, somnambulist

aanomja (noun) bed

aaprev (verb) to navigate, to plan or plot course of travel

aapreva (noun) navigation

aaprevai (noun) navigator, person at helm

aapreviila (noun) helm; cockpit

aarn (verb) to seize, to take

aarpeija (noun) small feathered and beaked egg-laying omnivorous quadruped [note: there are several species of aarpeija, most but not all tree-dwelling, closely resembling Earth's long-extinct paravians, and filling the same niches in Alplaa's ecosystems as Terran prosimians and rodents of the squirrel family; genetic markers indicate a common ancestor with the intelligent humanoid Alplai]

aasherg (verb) to slither

aashnoka (adjective or adverb) concise, laconic, pithy, terse, taciturn [derived from Aashenok, a Shalranai monk who was legendary for his vow of speaking as little as possible and necessary, yet with incredible wisdom]

aashriija (noun) snakes [in a powerful example of converget evolution, hundreds of species of snakes evolved on Alplaa to predate on insects and small animals; in most Alplai cultures, snakes are respected for their role in controlling pests; a major difference is that no Alplai snakes evolved to be venomous.]

aavshna (noun) amulet, pendant, talisman, trinket [note, since Alplai are more sensitive to nickel and other metals, pendants and their necklaces are usually made of non-metallic materials]

aatla (noun) skin rash

aatlashuul (noun) nickel [lit.: "rash metal"; Alplai are much more susceptible to contact dermatitis from nickel]

aazbii (adjective or adverb) obvious, obviously

╟ B
baaj (adjective, adverb, preposition) over, up

baajgraatra (noun) staircase, stairs

baajibdra (noun) arm, upper limb

baajishruu (noun) shoulder

baajtefra (noun) ceiling of room

baakh (noun) child, juvenile

baalzrii (adjective or adverb) exact, exactly, precise, precisely

bada (noun) leaf
 * egiirh okh bada beil eja'farg - small/insignificant part of something [lit.: only one leaf on that tree; equivalent of "a drop in the bucket']

badara (noun) branch of tree or other large plant

badra (noun) place; division of larger complex

Baija (adjective or noun) ethnic group in the southern regions of Alplaa's continent; the language of the Baija; of the Baija or their regions [note: the Baija are typically distinguished physically for their predominantly red plumage and ruddy complexion, and a hooked upper beak]

bajrashuul (noun) copper

beil (preposition) on, upon

beiraa (noun) darling, dear, sweetheart [term of endearment]

beish (noun) muscle

bej (verb) to see

beja (adjective or noun) sight, pertaining to sight or vision

bejafaaz (noun) telescreen; device combining television, videophone and computer

bejed (verb) to look at, to observe, to watch [not as intensely or purposively as rhekan]

bejeg (verb) to display, to exhibit, to show

bejgera (noun) display, exhibit, exhibition

bejkuud (noun) eye

bejra (noun) image

bejrakha (noun) photograph

bejraponad (verb) to photograph

bejrapondra (noun) camera

bejsa (adjective or adverb) visible, visibly

bekna (adjective) molten

bekon (verb) to melt

bela (adjective) brown color

belaam (verb) to allow, to permit belgaberga (adjective or noun) experiment, experimental, experimentation
 * miirvan belaam mra - please excuse me [lit.: please allow/permit me; said when wishing to pass by, reach over, et cetera; distinguished from kijem mra]

belgabergai (noun) experimenter, person conducting an experiment

belgaberog (verb) to experiment

belmekra (adjective or noun) entitled, entitlement, right, option, privilege, privileged

beluuga (adjective or noun) practical, practicality, pragmatic, pragmatism

beluugaat (noun) Pragmatist Party; Alplai political party advocating a nonideological approach to problem-solving and a balance of power between executive and legislative branches

beluugai (noun) pragmatist, member of Pragmatist Party

beluugajanaat (noun) Pragmatic Conversionist Party; a group of political moderates who broke from the Conversionist Party, later uniting with the Egalitarian Traditionalist Party and independent moderates to form the current Pragmatist Party

beluugajanai (noun) member of the Pragmatic Conversionist Party

benag (noun) feather

benakha (noun) plumage

benash (verb) to preen, to treat and clean plumage

benot (verb) to confine or imprison

benshazai (noun) Alplai professional who provides intensive treatment of plumage

bentadra (noun) jail, prison

bentadrasai (noun) jailer, prison warden

bentai (noun) prisoner

ber (verb) to be able

bera (adjective or adverb) able, ably

beraakii (adjective or noun) ocean, oceanic [generally described aquatic areas of Alplaa other than the Great Sea] berga (adjective or noun) assessment, test
 * Aajberaakii - Southern Alplai Ocean [southern half of hemisphere opposite Alplaa's continent]
 * Nujberaakii - Northern Alplai Ocean [northern half of hemisphere opposite Alplaa's continent]
 * Uujberaakii - Eastern Alplai Ocean [oceans immediately east of Alplaa's continent and Great Sea]
 * Vaajberaakii - Western Alplai Ocean [oceans immediately west of Alplaa's continent]

berog (verb) to assess, to test

berojladra (noun) monotreme cetaceans resembling Terran whales and living in Alplaa's oceans [note: Alplaa has several species of berojladra inhabiting its oceans; the Great Sea, meanwhile is inhabited by dolphin-like sileduur, consisting of a cline of subspecies and variations]

beshna (noun) scratch

beshnar (noun) claw, nail, talon

beshon (verb) to claw, to scratch

bevaal (noun) waxy plant oil used to make candles for mourning rituals bidglenja (noun) steel
 * giron bevaal en jenzuur pilan - colloquial expression for attempting to deal with grief and remorse at once [lit.: to burn bevaal and jenzuur]

biilon (verb) to bring up, to care for, to nurture, to raise

biira (adjective) yellow color

Biizagater (proper noun) second "month" in the Alplai calendar

bishnokhbadra (noun) amino acid

bishnokhdra (noun) protein

bitertra (adjective or noun) fossil, fossilized

bitertravaag (noun) paleontology

bitertravaagai (noun) paleontologist

bitjra (noun) rock, stone

bitla (adjective) hard, solid

bitlaprovaar (noun) hail

bitnokh (noun) mineral

bitnokhvaag (noun) mineralogy

bitnokhvaagai (noun) mineralogist

bizona (adjective or noun) chance, happenstance, random, random occurrence

bleflosna (noun) autumn/fall season

bloger (verb) to plan, to prepare

blogra (adjective or noun) plan, planned, planning, preparation, prepared, preparing

blograi (noun) planner, preparer
 * hiirh blograi g'boz kiirh blojrai - every planner has some critic

blojer (verb) to critique, to review

blojra (adjective or noun) critique, review, reviewed, reviewing

blojrai (noun) critic, reviewer
 * hiirh blograi g'boz kiirh blojrai - every planner has some critic

boda (noun) plant

bodaguujda (adjective or noun) herbivore, herbivorous

bodateshladelta (noun) plant-based/vegetable oil

bodavaag (noun) botany

bodavaagai (noun) botanist

Bojater (proper noun) ninth "month" in the Alplai calendar

bojijra (noun) dome

bojilpegarhog (noun) ultraviolet light

bojrii (adjective or adverb) preceding, previous, prior

bok (noun) relaxation, rest boka (adjective) relaxed, relaxing, restful, resting
 * g'boz bok - to relax/rest [lit.: to have relaxation/rest]

bokadiirsa (noun) sedative, tranquilizer

bokahosha (noun) recreational trip, vacation trip

bokaten (noun) rest day, vacation day

bokazaam (noun) rest time, vacation time

bokh (noun) tail [appendage of animal]

boldor (verb) to copy, to duplicate, to replicate

boldra (adjective or noun) copy, duplicate, replication

bolsa (adjective or adverb) after, late bolsabej (verb) to foresee, to predict
 * bolsa aira feiniis - they will come late

bolsabeja (adjective or noun) forecast, prediction

bolsaten (noun or adverb) tomorrow

bolseijna (adjective, adverb or noun) anticipation, expectation, with anticipation/expectation

bolseijon (verb) to anticipate, to expect

bolsiikh (adjective or adverb) latest, future bolsiil (adjective or adverb) later
 * id'bolsiikh - all future time, the future

bolta (adjective or adverb) before, early boltaten (noun or adverb) yesterday
 * bolta aira feiniit - they came early

boltiikh (adjective or adverb) earliest, past boltiil (adjective or adverb) earlier
 * id'boltiikh - all past time, history, the past
 * jiit felja boltiikh - many years past [stock phrase for beginning a tale in storytelling, much like "once upon a time" in English]

bon (verb) to find, to locate

bona (adjective) found

bonra (noun) find, minor discovery, something found

bonujokh (noun) compass

bora (noun) foot [lower appendage of animal]

borapraaj (noun) heel of foot

boratiir (noun) toe [Alplai have four toes in front and a fifth vestigial toe at the end of the heel; see borpraajtiir below]

borpraajtiir (noun) vestigial fifth toe at the end of an Alplai's heel

borshruu (noun) ankle

boshra (noun) path, road, trail

bota (noun) kick

brehojdra (noun) game of skill

brei (noun) ability

bren (adjective) elderly, old

brenidra (noun) ancestor

brenojnireka (noun) senile dementia, senility

brenpuulavaag (noun) archaeology

brenpuulavaagai (noun) archaeologist

briijan (verb) to disturb, to trouble, to vex, to worry

briijna (adjective) disturbing, troubling, worrying

briijnaanagina (noun) sleep apnea

briijnaanaginai (noun) person with sleep apnea

briijnaanai (noun) insomniac, person with sleep disorder/disturbance

briijnaanda (noun) insomnia, sleep disorder/disturbance

briijnara (noun) disturbance, trouble

briijnarota (adjective or noun) mental disturbance below the level of insanity/psychosis, neurosis, neurotic briijnarotai - neurotic person
 * g'boz briijnarota - to be neurotic [lit.: to have neurosis]

bruu (noun) bowl

buldoshai (noun) delegate, legislator, representative

buldosharasaija (noun) representative democracy

buldoshren (verb) to represent, to have received a mandate

buldoshton (verb) to delegate, to give a mandate

bushdiina (adjective, adverb or noun) regret, regretful, regretfully, remorse, remorseful, remorsefully
 * g'boz bushdiina - to be regretful/remorseful, to have remorse/regret, to regret

buud (verb) to kick

buultet (noun) chemical, substance

buultetvaag (noun) chemistry

buultetvaagai (noun) chemist

buultolniirkuundra (noun) rocket engine

╠ D
daamret (noun) mid-sized monotreme domesticated for its sweet and succulent pork-like meat

daarshiinla (noun) living room or den, main room of house

daafaa (noun) informal form of "father" often spoken by children; equivalent to "daddy" or "papa"

daijra (noun) spice

dalen (verb) to swim

dalna (adjective) swimming

dalnai (noun) swimmer

dara (noun) central facility, complex

davna (noun) storm dazra (adjective or noun) motivated, motivation, motive, rationale, reason for doing something
 * davna baaj, murkhtosh taaj - between a rock and a hard place, dilemma [lit.: "storm above, malestrom below"]

debana (noun) temperature

debnarmda (noun) degrees of temperature [the Alplai system for measuring temperature is set at zero for freezing water and 200 for boiling water, hence the conversion is to multiply the Celcius measurement by two]

degjaa (interjection) thank you, thanks deira (noun) bag, sack
 * degjaa zura - thanks for that
 * degjaajiit - many thanks, thanks a lot
 * adra toniit aira degjaa - he gave them thanks, he thanked them

dejon (noun) physical sensation

dekoshpifon (noun) appreciation, gratitude


 * g'boz dekoshpifon - to appreciate, to be grateful [lit.: to have appreciation/gratitude]

dela (noun) mass, weight

delagelenra (noun) gravity

delagelenrazrot (noun) gravitational field

delakuundra (noun) balance or scale for measuring weight [Note: the delakuundra is also the symbol for the Conversionist party]

delt (verb) to lubricate, to oil

delta (adjective or noun) oily or viscous substance, quality of being oily or viscous

deltobjra (noun) painting

demshlaa (adjective or noun) waiting, wait

demshol (verb) to await, to wait, to wait for

derb (noun) dish, plate

derja (noun) spleen [Note: the Alplai have two small spleens on either side; if one is damaged and/or removed, the remaining one increases in size to compensate]

deshal (adjective) prepared, ready

dezraklijle (noun) magnesium

d'fiirh (conjunction and determiner) both

d'fra (noun) couple, duet, pair

d'horvone (noun) gunpowder [Baija origin, literally means "thunder dust"; the Baija invented gunpowder and often used it in their struggle for independence]

diifra (noun) sword

diilaj (adjective) very spicy or pungent in flavor

diimshlenuu (noun) a small citrus-like fruit with an inedible red rind and pale-yellow to white segmented flesh

diirdezna (adjective) traditional, conservative

diirdeznaat (noun) Traditionalist Party; Alplai political party advocating a strong executive branch of government

diirdeznai (noun) traditionalist person; member of Traditionalist Party

diirdeznara (noun) tradition

diirsa (noun) drug, medicine

diirsavaag (noun) pharmacology

diirsavaagai (noun) pharmacist

diirsavaagdara (noun) pharmacy

dobdokh (noun) damp cloth provided during meals for cleaning hands and surfaces as needed

dof (numeral) two

dofgrava (adjective or noun) double-front [overlapping and reversible front incorporated in many articles of Alplai clothing]

dofibzona (adjective, adverb or noun) coincidence, coincidental, coincidentally

doftiishenranokhdra (noun) deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA

dofukendemlara (adjective or noun) bisexual, bisexuality

dofukendemlarai (noun) bisexual person

dogiinra (noun) accident

dognigrinai (noun) person who causes an accident

dognii (adjective or adverb) accidental, accidentally

dol (numeral) three

dolagra (adjective or noun) triangle, triangular

dolagra'k'jamekvaag (noun) trigonometry

dolig (noun) pants, slacks

doltriikhaginakiij (noun) ozone, triatomic oxygen

dona (noun) egg; consisting of shell, albumin, yolk and fertilized ovum or embryo

donakintpora (noun) incubator for eggs

dondeira (noun) oviduct, uterus

donibra (noun) egg name [name given by parents to offspring while still growing and incubating in egg; this name is altered once the child is hatched and the biological sex is known]

dontishnar (noun) ovum

dovegaad (noun) afternoon

doveled (verb) to come back, to return

dovleda (adjective or noun) return, returning draaj (adjective or noun) one side of object
 * shifkhada dovleda - welcome back

draajigzorosh (noun) hemisphere

draajigzorosha (adjective or adverb) hemispheric, hemispherical, hemispherically

draajlokja (adjective or noun) hemiplegia, hemiplegic, paralysis on one side of the body

draajlokjai (noun) hemiplegic person, person paralyzed on one side of their body

drakha (noun) morning

drishara (noun) ritual

drof (preposition) to or toward

d'shodiirsa (noun) stimulant [drug/medication]

d'shota (adjective, adverb or noun) excited, excitedly, excitement, stimulated, stimulating, stimulation dulkemlizdra (noun) breast bone, sternum
 * g'boz d'shota - to be excited/stimulated [lit.: to have excitement/stimulation]
 * giron d'shota - to excite/stimulate [lit.: to cause excitement/stimulation]

dulkizdra (noun) rib

dulokh (noun) chest, thorax

duuja (adjective or adverb) slow, slowly

╘ E
ebii (noun) dark green leafy vegetable resembling collard greens or spinach

ebon (adverb) again

edolamek (noun) thousands separator [in fact used to separate every group of three digits in a large number, including decimalized fractional numbers]

edra (adjective) spiritual

edrajaita (noun) fellow believer, brother/sister in religious/spiritual sense

edramai (noun) spirit, supernatural entity

edrazaam (noun) time devoted to spiritual practice/reflection [distinguished from vegdrazaam]

edrazafaat (noun) religious/spiritual community/congregation [Note: different spiritual traditions will use specific names for their local groups]

edriikhai (noun) deity, god

edsholbadra (noun) artery; blood vessel taking blood from the heart

efa (noun and adverb) there efjra (noun) chance, opportunity
 * efa zon ... - "There is/are ... "; used the same as English: "That is ..."/"Those are ... "

ega (noun and adverb) here egboz (verb) to keep
 * ega zon ... - "Here is/are ... "; used the same as English: "This is ... "/"These are ... "

egiirh (adjective or adverb) only egirbodaguudjai (noun) person who only eats plants, vegan person [contrast with nijaadguujdai]
 * egiirh okh bada beil eja'farg - small/insignificant part of something [lit.: only one leaf on that tree; equivalent of "a drop in the bucket']

egovnii (adjective) excellent, outstanding, superb [loanword from Baija egovine]

egsholbadra (noun) vein, blood vessel taking blood into the heart

eif (adjective or adverb) same

eifera (reflexive singular inanimate prounoun) itself

eifiira (reflextive plural inanimate pronoun) themselves

eifra (noun) sameness, similarity

eifukendemlara (adjective or noun) homosexual, homosexuality

eifukendemlarai (noun) homosexual person

eifzokh (reflexive singular animate pronoun) herself, himself, myself, oneself, yourself

eifzokhjiit (reflexive plural animate pronoun) ourselves, themselves, yourselves

eigor (verb) to sculpt

eigra (noun) sculpture

eigrai (noun) scupltor

eijna (noun) aspiration, hope, wish

eijnapra (adjective) aspiring, hopeful, wishful

eijnolga (adjective) dejected, without hope

eijon (verb) to aspire, to hope, to wish

eingra (adjective) evil, intending to harm or deprive another, wicked

eingrai (noun) evil/wicked person

eingrakar (noun) evil/wicked action, intentional action to harm or deprive another

eirk (adjective or adverb) different, differently

eirkra (noun) difference
 * g'boz eirkra - to be different [lit.: to have difference]

eirkukendemlara (adjective or noun) heterosexual, heterosexuality

eirkukendemlarai (noun) heterosexual person

eishboz (verb) to hold

eizna (adjective or noun) adorned, adornment, decoration, decorative, decorated

eizon (verb) to adorn, to decorate

eja'- (demonstrative prefix) that, these, this, those
 * eja'era (object-only pronoun) that thing, this thing
 * eja'era ega - this thing
 * eja'era efa - that thing


 * eja'iira (object-only pronoun) these things, those things
 * eja'iira ega - these things
 * eja'iira efa - those things

ejed (preposition) in, inside, within

ejeg (preposition) out, outside

ejera (noun) physical direction

e'jiil e'jiil e'jiil (phrase) and so forth, and so on, blah blah blah, yada yada yada [lit,: "and more and more and more"; said very rapidly]

ejiirh (determiner) each ejradma (measurement) degrees on a compass [the Alplai system is based on a right angle being 100 degrees, thus 360 Terran degrees equals 400 Alplai degrees]
 * ejiirh aira - each of them [persons or living things]
 * ejiirh iira - each of them [inanimate objects]
 * ejiirh inra - each of us, one another
 * ejiirh zra - each of you

ekaa (adjective) grand, great, important, prestigious

ekaagenfreikaat (noun) electoral/political coalition of parties

ekaagojagai (noun) executive/head chef in a restaurant

ekaajkonrasaat (noun) High Tribunal, supreme court ekaa'k'jamekvaag (noun) algebra
 * ekiikh'j'konrasaat val Alplaa - Tribunal of Alplaa, global appeals court established under Concordance for hearing disputes between member states and/or allegations of rights violations

Ekaamura (noun) Great Sea [located inside crescent of Alplaa's continent; bordered on north by Konarai Commonwealth and Ferjaat Kiitra, on west by Saakhsiir, on south by Bashrasiir and Baaltisiir, and on east by Eastern Alplai Ocean]

ekaapondagai (noun) master artist/craftsperson

ekaarasai (noun) emperor, supreme ruler

ekaarasra (adjective) imperial [most often used to refer to the culture and/or politics of the Saakh Empire]

ekaashaijaat (noun) government ministry

ekaashaijaras (noun) government minister

ekaashokda (noun) Alplai classical music [originating from upper-class Saakh and Kiitra music, characterized by strict separation of vocal and instrumental performance]

ekaavaag (noun) philosophy [discipline of study]

ekaavaagai (noun) philosopher

ekaavajna (noun) paragraph

ekaavezrajikolai (noun) senior police officer

ekaavledra (noun) entrance hall, foyer, lobby

ekabon (verb) to discover

ekabonra (noun) discovery

ekbiivar (noun) mountain

ekdelglenrontiizrot (noun) slipstream field [Alplai means of faster-than-light interplanetary travel]

ekedralgai (noun) prophet, founding religious leader/teacher

ekeijatiir (noun) thumb

ekiikh (adjective) greatest, highest degree of importance or prestige

ekiikh'k'jamekvaag (noun) calculus

ekiil (adjective) greater, higher degree of importance or prestige

ekoldra (noun) ruler's ceremonial mace or sceptre [Note: the ekoldra is also the symbol for the Traditionalist party]

eksa (noun or adjective) sky

eksabadra (noun) air terminal at airport

eksadara (noun) airport

eksadopar (noun) cloud

eksajuush (noun) aircraft

eksakiij (noun) atmosphere

eksashaar (noun) rain

eksjadavna (noun) rainstorm

eksjafra (noun) umbrella

eksjavuuta (noun) raindrop

eksparda (noun) arrow or crossbow bolt
 * eksparda Ajamaraluu - nickname for a Konarai hypnotic drug derived from root of the aparalama plant; so named because, when attempts were made to conquer Konarai villages by force, the villagers would slip this drug into the food of the invaders, then have them moved to another location without their weapons

elaan (verb) to climb

elbra (noun) supper, light late night meal

eldara (noun) area, place, room, space

Elganar (noun) class of space shuttle used primarily for cargo transport [named after large winged insect known for carrying several times its weight]

elma (noun) emotion of love

elmaat (noun) love relationship, romance

elmai (noun) beloved, lover

elmatakar (verb) to marry, to wed

elmatakra (adjective) married

elmatakraat (noun) marriage

elmatakrai (noun) spouse

elmon (verb) to love

elona (adjective or noun) climb, climbing

elonai (noun) climber

ema (noun) emotion of liking

emaat (noun) friendship

emai (noun) friend [Note: unlike English and other Terran languages, where one's friend is commonly addressed as "my friend," the custom in Kiitra allows for the single word without the possessive; thus "thank you, my friend" more correctly translates as degjaa, emai]
 * kre adra ibreg shra emai, seil mra ibreg shra emai - any friend of his is a friend of mine [lit.: if he calls you friend, then I call you friend]

emara (noun) something liked

emgana (noun) stomach [digestive organ]

emila (adjective) preferential, preferred

emilafreikra (noun) preferential ballot [Alplai parliaments are typically elected using a combination of proportional representation and instant-runoff preferential voting]

emilara (noun) something preferred, preference

emilon (verb) to prefer

emon (verb) to like

emriiza (noun) colon [digestive organ]

emuuta (noun) intestine

emzainrakuud (noun) Alplai endocrine gland corresponding to Islets of Langerhans in humans

en (conjunction) and

engor (verb) to attend another's needs, to wait on, to work for in a subservient manner [this verb and its related words imply a relationship of strong class division with few or no rights for the subordinate person]

engrai (noun) servant, subordinate [Note: while engrai were often treated in a manner similar to slaves, it would not be considered accurate to consider them as such. While both serfs (ijlengrai) and indentured servants (takrengrai) existed among the Saakh and Kiitra respectively, chattel slavery where people were treated as actual property did not exist, and a servant could leave his or her master by way of military service and/or agreeing to work for another master. Various factors led to the decline and eventual disappearance of these forms of servitude over time.]

enjiilvra (phrase) and so forth, and so on, et cetera [contraction of en jiil val era/iira "and more of it/them"]

enra (determiner or adjective) another, other

enrakra (noun) planet [see also pakhtaraag]

enrelma (adjective) gay/lesbian, non-heterosexual [blending the words "other" and "love" to create the Kiitra equivalent of "otherlove"; self-descriptive and more colloquial than eifukendemlara]

enrelmai (noun) gay/lesbian/non-heterosexual person

enrelmashojnaat (noun) movement for gay/lesbian/non-heterosexual equality/rights [while Konarai culture was fully accepting of diverse sexual orientations, other cultures had difficulty in varying degrees; the movement focused primarily on education, but then expanded into a caucus of the Egalitarian Party, and later into other areas.]

enrelmashojnai (adjective or noun) activism/support or activist/supporter for gay/lesbian/non-heterosexual people's equality/rights

enshezom (adverb) in the meantime, meanwhile

enshii (adverb) also enzamei (noun) unit of time measurement equal to 1.65625 seconds; 50 enzamei equals one megzamei
 * faan, degjaa. enshii shra? - I'm fine, thanks. You as well?

epashna (noun) gizzard, proventriculus

epgonka (noun) iodine

era (pronoun or noun) it, thing [inanimate object]

eraluu (possessive pronoun or noun) its [inanimate object]

erkuud (noun) adrenal gland

eshdelga (noun) glove
 * nijaliir eshdelgajiit - sour grapes [lit.: doesn't need gloves; derives from a story of a poor but ambitious man who was repeatedly denied loans for his plans, only to reply that at least he did not need gloves like those who handle money; ancient Alplai moneyhandlers took to wearing gloves to prevent contact dermatitis, because the Alplai are highly sensitive to nickel found in coinage]

eshlaptonka (noun) lithium

eshnaat (noun) monastic order, sangha [specifically refers to the totality of Shalranai monastic devotees]

eshnai (noun) ascetic devotee, hermit, monastic person, monk, nun [specifically refers to Shalranai monastic devotees; while other Alplai religions do not have regular monastic orders, some individuals engage in solitary ascetic spiritual practice]

eshnakla (noun) ashram, hermitage, monastery, nunnery, place for spiritual retreat [specifically refer to residences of Shalranai monastic devotees; while other Alplai religions do not have regular monastic orders, some provide residential centers for spiritual retreat and reflection]

eshnatevnera (noun) tuning fork [lit.: monastic bell/chime; so called because Shalranai monks invented this instrument as a chime for meditation and to signal events in the day's routine]

eshra (noun) lake

eshrajeniil (noun) bank or shore of lake

etgom (verb) to pretend, to simulate

etgoma (adjective) simulated

etgomera (noun) simulation

etgomolaanra (noun) flight simulator

etsesha (noun) platinum

evej (verb) to poison

evja (adjective) poisonous, toxic, venomous

evjavaag (noun) toxicology

evjavaagai (noun) toxicologist

evjotfa (noun) poison, toxin, venom

evjotnai (noun) poisoner

ezam (verb) to assault, to injure, to commit violence against

ezebraa (noun) a type of Alplai fruit from central Saakhsiir with a pleasant tart taste [name of Saakh language origin]

ezelja (adjective or noun) advice, advising, recommendation, recommending, suggesting, suggestion

ezeljai (noun) advisor, consultant

Ezeljajnadar (proper noun) Consultative Assembly, the elected global assembly established under the Concordance of Alplaa [note: while the Ezeljajnadar cannot supercede the sovereignity of any member state, its resolutions establish standards for those states to follow, as well as executive bodies of the Concordance]

ezlej (verb) to advise, to recommend, to suggest

ezma (adjective, noun) assault, injurious, injury, violence, violent

ezrhada (adjective) radical

ezrhadaat (noun) Radical Party; Alplai political party favoring grassroots democracy and radical decentralization of power

ezrhadai (noun) radical person, member of Radical Party

├ F
faan (adjective or adverb) good, well

faandrakha (greeting) good morning [only spoken among members of the same household]

faaniil (adjective) better

faaniikh (adjective) best faaz (noun) system
 * faaniikh p'jena! - Best of luck!
 * faaniikh zu eja'ten! - Happy birthday! [lit.: best for this day; see kokhaten]

faazglok (noun or job title) system operations officer/administrator

fandazra (adjective or noun) good motive/reason for doing something, justification, justified

fandazrageirda (adjective, adverb or noun) indignant, indignantly, indignation, justified anger

fanituu (interjection) goodbye

fanjera (interjection) congratulations

fanuujaa? (inquiry) How are you? [lit: "Things are good, yes?"]

farg (noun) tree
 * egiirh okh bada beil eja'farg - small/insignificant part of something [lit.: only one leaf on that tree; equivalent to "a drop in the bucket"]

fargtofga (noun) bark of tree

fashaal (verb) to reconcile, to resolve

fashla (adjective or noun) reconciliation, reconciling, resolution

fedmapna (adjective, adverb or noun) ironic, ironically, irony

fein (verb) to come

felja (noun) year

felna (adjective or noun) transgression, transgressive, trespassing, violation

felon (verb) to transgress, to trespass, to violate

fendar (verb) to bless

fendra (adjective, noun) blessed, blessing

ferga (adjective or adverb) diagonal, diagonally

ferja (adjective) allied, unified, united

ferjaat (noun) alliance, union
 * Ferjaat Kiitra - Kiitra Union [originally a confederatory alliance of city-states, now a unified state within the Concordance of Alplaa]
 * Ferjaat Rekar - Rekar Union [confederation of colonies on moons orbiting the gas-giant planet Rekar, forming an independent state within the Concordance of Alplaa]

ferjai (noun) ally, person joined in common cause

ferjara (noun) unification, bringing together

ferjrokendishna (noun) conception, fertilization of ovum by sperm

ferosh (verb) to ally, to bring together, to unify, to unite

fershdai (noun) new member of a group or organization, recruit

fershgai (noun) recruiter

fershod (verb) to join

fershog (verb) to incite to join, to recruit

fiija (noun) bird

fiirna (noun) rape [see also ukendezma]

fiiron (verb) to rape [see also ukendezam]

fleish (noun) athletic competition/endeavor, sport

fleisha (adjective or adverb) athletic, athletically

fleishai (noun) athlete, sportsperson

flosna (adjective, adverb or noun) season, seasonal, seasonally

fojal (verb) to dress, to put on clothes

fojla (noun) attire, clothes, clothing, garment, garments

fozra (adjective or noun) technical, technological, technology

fozrajna (noun) jargon, technical terminology

fragosh (noun) wood

fregjokra (noun) axe, hatchet [used strictly for chopping wood, unlike gaarei which is intended as a weapon]

freik (verb) to cast a ballot or vote

freikai (noun) voter

freikara (noun) ballot, vote

freikarenai (noun) candidate for election

frem (noun) door, portal frepshur (noun) velcro fastener
 * inra lobeliit frem gopshii inra - we repaired door between us [idiomatic metaphor for reconciliation]

frok (verb) to throw, to toss

f'taa (interrogative interjection) word said in front of sentence to indicate it is a question [see Kiitra main page section 3.5] f'tajna (noun) question
 * f'taa? Eh? Huh? Wha?

f'tama (interrogative) when
 * f'tama zon aba? - what time is it? [lit.: when is now?]

f'tara (interrogative pronoun) who

f'tash (verb) to ask

f'tazra (interrogative) why

f'teda (interrogative) how

f'tega (interrogative) where

f'teimek (noun) question mark

f'tejiit (interrogative) how many/much

f'tera (interrogative) what

f'tezlej (verb) to consult, to request/seek advice

f'tiira (interrogative) which

┌ G
gaanei (noun) story

gaaneipondagai (noun) author

gaarei (noun) battle-axe

gaavii (adjective, adverb or determiner) enough, sufficient, sufficiently

gaavipaa (adjective or adverb) adequate, adequately

gad (verb) to bite

gada (adjective) bitten

gadra (noun) bite, wound produced by biting

gailon (verb) to fasten/secure

gajana (adjective or noun) conversion, converting, shift, shifting [contrast with aakhpredla]

gajanaat (noun) Conversionist Party; Alplai political party advocating a strong legislature

gajanai (noun) member of Conversionist Party

gaja'on (verb) to change by rearrangement, to convert, to shift [contrast with aakhpredal]

gajnejra (adjective or noun) change in direction, turn
 * giron gajnejra - to change direction, to turn [lit.: to cause/make change in direction]

gamfizod (noun) coveralls, jumpsuit

ganipojega (noun) novel, book-length fiction

garfa (adjective, adverb) harsh, harshly

garfoja (noun) hunger garif (adjective) bitter in flavor
 * g'boz garfoja - to hunger [lit.: to have hunger]

gaziij (verb) to attempt, to try

gazija (adjective or adverb) attempted

gazijra (noun) attempt

g'bezed (verb) to contain, to include

g'boz (verb) to have, to possess geb (noun) box, container
 * g'boz aaniijda - to be equitable/fair/just [lit.: to have equity/fairness/justice]
 * g'boz aindiira - to be ethical/moral [lit.: to have ethics/morals]
 * g'boz bok - to relax/rest [lit.: to have relaxation/rest]
 * g'boz briijnarota - to be neurotic [lit.: to have neurosis]
 * g'boz bushdiina - to be regretful/remorseful, to have regret/remorse, to regret
 * g'boz dekoshpifon - to appreciate, to be grateful [lit.: to have appreciation/gratitude]
 * g'boz d'shota - to be excited/stimulated [lit.: to have excitement/stimulation]
 * g'boz eirkra - to be different [lit. to have difference]
 * g'boz garfoja - to hunger [lit.: to have hunger]
 * g'boz geirda -to be angry [lit.: to have anger]
 * g'boz genpifon - to empathize/sympathize [lit.: to have empathy/sympathy]
 * g'boz giinzera - to be concerned/interested [lit.: to have concern/interest/issue]
 * g'boz golpa - to be ugly [lit.: to have ugliness]
 * g'boz hirzmakreja - to be compulsive [lit.: to have compulsion/compulsiveness]
 * g'boz hirzmapeigreja - to be obsessed/obsessive [lit.: to have obsession/obsessiveness]
 * g'boz juntra - to be beautiful [lit.: to have beauty]
 * g'boz kailgenreka - to be bulemic [lit.: to have bulemia]
 * g'boz kozna - to be active [lit.: to have activity]
 * g'boz lokja - to be paralyzed [lit.: to have paralysis]
 * g'boz morgsha - to be in error, to be mistaken [lit.: to have error/mistake]
 * g'boz naindiira - to be immoral/unethical [lit.: to have immorality]
 * g'boz nireka - to be ill [lit.: to have illness]
 * g'boz nirengjanreka - to be anorexic [lit.: to have anorexia]
 * g'boz nirota - to be crazy/insane/lunatic/psychotic [lit.: to have insanity/lunacy/psychosis]
 * g'boz nisdainiira - to be amoral, to lack ethics/morality
 * g'boz nonsha - to be happy [lit.: to have happiness or pleasure]
 * g'boz nopfon - to be emotionally cold/distant or unemotional [lit.: to have emotionlessness]
 * g'boz orpirota - to be eccentric [lit.: to have eccentricity]
 * g'boz orptilna - to be apprehensive [lit.: to have apprehension]
 * g'boz otja - to be sad [lit.: to have sadness]
 * g'boz padopfon - to be overly emotional or sentimental [lit.: to have excessive emotion or sentimentality]
 * g'boz pifon - to feel, to have emotion
 * g'boz puuza - to be bored [lit.: to have boredom]
 * g'boz rota - to be mentally stable or sane [lit.: to have mentaly stability or sanity]
 * g'boz seshdajnar - to be eloquent [lit.: to have eloquence]
 * g'boz sovdona - to be cautious/warned [lit.: to have caution/warning]
 * g'boz tilna - to fear [lit.: to have fear]
 * g'boz ubrosh - to control [lit.: to have control]
 * g'boz uzka - to be disgusted/revulsed [lit.: to have disgust/revulsion]
 * g'boz votrei - to be brave/courageous [lit.: to have courage]
 * g'boz zogdopfon - to be intensely emotional or passionate [lit.: to have intense emotion or passion]

gedan (verb) to cut, to incise, to slice

gedna (adjective or noun) cut, incision

gein (noun) effort, labor, work geinera (noun) job, task
 * kher gein - to labor/work, to put effort into something [lit.: to do effort/labor/work]

geinkram (noun) member of work crew/detail/party

geinkramaat (noun) work crew/detail/party

geirda (adjective or noun) anger, angry
 * g'boz geirda - to be angry [lit.: to have anger]
 * giron geirda - to anger, to make angry [lit.: to cause anger]

geisha (adjective or noun) cherished, dear, precious [term of endearment]

gejra (adjective or noun) adolescent, pubescent

gejrai (noun) adolescent person

gekja (adjective or noun) paper, made of paper

geled (verb) to pull

geleg (verb) to push

gelva (noun) straight knife with double-pronged tip used as eating utensil by some Alplai

gen (adjective) joint, mutual, shared

genfein (verb) to meet

genfeinzaam (noun) meeting

genfreik (verb) to elect

genfreika (adjective) electoral

genfreikaat (noun) political party
 * graajgenfreikaat - major/established/institutionalized party [lit.: "front political party"; from the practice of the largest party sitting in the front of an elected assembly; colloquially shortened to graajaat]
 * praajgenfreikaat - minor/fringe/insurgent party [lit.: "back political party"; from the practice of the smallest party sitting in the back of an elected assembly; colloquially shortened to praajaat]

genfreikar (noun) politics

genfreikara (adjective) political

genfreikarai (noun) politician

genfreiktash (noun) referendum

genfreikzaam (noun) election

genkhebloger (verb) to conspire, to plan together in secret

genkheblogra (adjective or noun) conspiracy, conspiratorial, conspiring

genkheblograi (noun) conspirator

genkijem (verb) to reconcile

genpifon (noun) empathy, sympathy genreka (adjective or noun) epidemic
 * g'boz genpifon - to empathize/sympathize [lit.: to have empathy/sympathy]
 * genpifon mraluu - my sympathy [expressed as condolences to a grieving person; also genpifon inraluu = "our sympathy']

genshajai (noun) colleague, co-worker, person in shared profession

gentakra (noun) concord, covenant, mutual agreement genton (verb) to share
 * Gentakraat val Alplaa - Concordance of Alplaa; global federal government established by mutual agreement among Alplaa's sovereign states
 * genton nonsha - to make love [euphemism for sexual enjoyment; lit.: "to share joy/pleasure"]

gerjaad (noun) corridor, hallway

genzomaj (verb) to communicate

genzomjara (noun) communication

giidan (verb) to stand

giidna (adjective) standing

giija (noun) arthropod, insect

giijaguujda (adjective or noun) insectivore, insectivorous

giinzera (adjective or noun) concern, concerned, concerning, interest, issue
 * g'boz giinzera - to be concerned/interested [lit.: to have concern/interest/issue]
 * giron giinzera - to concern/interest [lit.: to cause concern/interest]

giiza (noun) blazer, coat, jacket

gilna (noun) nail

gina (noun) breath

ginakiij (noun) oxygen

gindrakuud (noun) thyroid gland

gined (verb) to inhale

gineda (noun) inhalation

gineg (verb) to exhale

ginega (noun) exhalation

ginegakiij (noun) carbon dioxide [colloquial term; see also piiltgarsedofginakiij]

ginera (noun) lung

giproflon (verb) to reinforce, to strengthen

giproflonra (noun) reinforcement

gi'on (verb) to breathe

girna (adjective) caused, effected by

giron (verb) to bring about, to cause, to make something happen g'jena (noun) bet, gamble, wager
 * adra gironiit era paal - he filled it
 * giron bevaal en jenzuur pilan - colloquial expression for attempting to deal with grief and remorse at once [lit.: to burn bevaal and jenzuur]
 * giron daij - to spice [lit: to make piquant or mildly spicy in flavor]
 * giron diilaj - to spice heavily [lit: to make pungent or very spicy in flavor]
 * giron d'shota - to excite/stimulate [lit.: to cause excitement/stimulation]
 * giron gajnejra - to change direction, to turn [lit.: to cause/make a change in direction]
 * giron garif - to make bitter in flavor
 * giron geirda - to anger, to make angry [lit.: to cause anger]
 * giron giinzera - to concern/interest [lit.: to cause concern/interest]
 * giron gobshekna - to compromise, to find middle ground [lit.: to make or bring about compromise]
 * giron jaid - to make sour [in the sense of acidic taste, not spoilage]
 * giron jev - to clean [lit.: to make clean or bring about cleanliness]
 * giron kozna - to activate, to power/start up, to turn on [lit.: to cause to be active]
 * giron morgsha - to err, to make a mistake [lit.: to cause error/mistake]
 * giron nagim - to salt [lit: to make salty]
 * giron nistii - to contaminate, to taint [lit: to make impure]
 * giron nizaan - to make savory in flavor
 * giron nonsha - to delight, to make happy [lit.: to cause happiness/pleasure]
 * giron sotii - to purify/refine [lit.: to make pure]
 * giron uzka - to disgust, to bring about or cause disgust or revulsion
 * giron zain - to sweeten [lit: to make sweet]

g'jenai (noun) gambler

g'jon (verb) to bet, to gamble, to wager

glaan (verb) to open

glanapojega (adjective or noun) balance [lit.: open book, regarded by Alplai to represent a balance of views or actions; also the symbol for the Pragmatist party]

gleb (noun) fat, grease

glenja (adjective and noun) black

glenshuul (noun) iron

glok (noun) operator, one who operates a system or performs a function

glona (adjective) open

g'nor (verb) to crush

gobjedra (noun) contents

gobiiveldra (noun) valley

gobshekna (noun) compromise, middle ground
 * giron gobshekna - to compromise, to find middle ground [lit.: to make or bring about compromise]

godiin (verb) to jump

godna (adjective or noun) jump, jumping

goja (noun) food, meal

gojadai (noun) diner, one who eats

gojagai (noun) cook, one who prepares food

gojashiinla (noun) dining room

gojtonai (noun) restaurant server or waitperson

gola (noun) space, realm beyond a planet's atmosphere

golabadra (noun) spaceport landing pad

goladara (noun) spaceport

golajuush (noun) spacecraft, space shuttle

golavaag (noun) astronomy, space science

golbit (noun) asteroid [clipped form of golabitjra "space rock"; slang term used among many shuttle pilots]

golbitvrokjai (noun) asteroid/rock-runner [slang term for a space shuttle pilot who frequently does flight runs to and from asteroid stations]

goldra (noun) character, spirit

golhoshaijaat (noun) Space Exploration Commission

golhoshaijaras (title) Commissioner of Space Exploration

goliija (adjective or noun) alien being/life, living thing from another planet

golpa (noun) ugliness goltiibit (noun) meteor, meteorite, meteoroid, space dust [originally a slang term for any "small space rock", now common vernacular; the Alplai do not distinguish whether such objects are in space, entering a planet's atmosphere, or have survived atmospheric entry and surface impact]
 * g'boz golpa - to be ugly [lit.: to have ugliness]

goltiibitdavna (noun) meteor shower, meteoroid storm [any fast-moving cluster of space dust or rocks]

gombreg (verb) to magnetize

gombrega (adjective) magnetic, magnetized

gombregazrot (noun) magnetic field

gombregjitveshal (noun) radio telescope

gombregra (noun) magnetic force, magnetism

gombreguulsha (adjective) electromagnetic

gombreguulshazrot (noun) electromagnetic field

gombreguulshra (noun) electromagnetism

gombregzomjra (noun) radio, wireless communication

gombritjra (noun) lodestone, magnet

gonfa (adjective or noun) catalyst, catalyzing

gonfabult (noun) enzyme, hormone

gonfakuud (noun) gland

gonuuf (verb) to catalyze

gopshii (preposition) between

gorei (noun) darkness, absence of light

gorh (adjective) dark shade of color

gorkaaja (noun) shadow

gorkjelma (adjective or noun) kink, kinky [lit.: shadow/shadowy love; self-descriptive term for Alplai sadomasochists and fetishists]

gorkjelmai (noun) kinkster, kinky person

gorkjelmashojnaat (noun) movement for greater awareness and acceptance of kinky sexuality [note: many Alplai consider this a continuation or offshoot of the enrelmashojnaat movement, both because openness to non-heterosexual orientation led to greater understanding of alternative sexual expression, and also because kink was seen by many as another facet of "other love" (see etymological note for enrelma); the gorkjelmashojnaat movement focused more on education, which eventually led to government officials regarding kink as a form of sexual identity/orientation, to be granted the same protections as non-heterosexual attraction.]

gorkjelmashojnai (noun) activist for kink awareness/acceptance

goshnaren (verb) to borrow

goshnarna (adjective) borrowed

goshnarnai (noun) borrower, person who borrowes something

goshnarnera (noun) item borrowed

goshnatled (verb) to lease or rent from

goshnatleda (adjective) leased or rented from

goshnatledai (noun) lessee, renter/rentee [someone renting from someone else], tenant

goshnatleg (verb) to lease or rent to

goshnatlega (adjective) leased or rented to

goshnatlegai (noun) lessor, owner of property being leased or rented to someone else, renter

goshnatlera (noun) item/property being leased or rented

goshnaton (verb) to lend, to loan

goshnatna (adjective) lent, loaned

goshnatnai (noun) lender, loaner

goshnatnera (noun) item lent or loaned

goshnii (adjective or adverb) fleeting, temporary

got (numeral) four

gozla (adjective or noun) alkali, alkaline

graaj (adjective) forward, front

graajaat (noun) major/established/institutional political party [lit.: "front group"; from the practice of the largest political party sitting in front of an elected assembly; see also graajgenfreikaat]

graat (verb) to walk

graata (noun) walk

graatai (noun) walker, one who walks

grakaaj (verb) to physically lead at least one other person

grakja (adjective or noun) physically leading others, head of a group/line/queue of people

grakjai (noun) person who physically leads at least one other person

grakjanprakjaat (noun) group/line/queue of people moving in a particular direction

gref (adjective or adverb) away, away from

grender (verb) to morally/spiritually guide

grendra (adjective or noun) moral/spiritual guidance

grendrai (noun) moral/spiritual guide

groshla (noun) face [part of body]

gujorparda (noun) skewer or spit for cooking food

gunra (adjective) crushed, crushing

gushna (adjective or adverb) difficult, problematic

gushnera (noun) difficulty, problem

guujdra (noun) eatery, restaurant [see also tiiguujdra]

guujdrashodai (noun) head-waiter/host/hostess in a restaurant, maitre d'hotel

guujdrashribai (noun) busser or kitchen-hand in a restaurant

guujnor (verb) to chew, to masticate

guujod (verb) to eat

guujog (verb) to cook, to prepare food

.°: H
haalmot (numeral) million

haaraa (interjection) command given by rider to a khoravor [equivalent to English "giddyup"]

hagra (noun) geometric figure/form/shape

hagravaag (noun) geometry

haizlaa (noun) a fruit very similar to the Terran date

harkjeldra (noun) desert

hedra (adjective or noun) family, familial

heija (noun) hand

heijajna (noun) sign language

heijatiir (noun) finger

heishruu (noun) wrist

hela (adjective) green color

helg (noun) window

hemdadkiij (noun) argon

heroksha (adjective) barren, bleak, desolate

heshod (verb) to coordinate, to organize

heshoda (noun or adjective) coordinated, coordination, organized, organization

heshodai (noun) coordinator

hetla (noun) card

hezefaa (interjection) attention

hezfajen (verb) to listen

hiijaa (adjective, adverb or noun) squeak, sqeaky, in a squeaky manner/sound

hiirh (adjective or adverb) all, every
 * hiirh nonsha zu shra - all happiness to you [common well-wishing]

hina (adjective) new

hinajnra (adjective or noun) procreation, reproduction, reproductive

hinakonarai (noun or adjective) "New Konarai"; people not native Konarai who have embraced Konarai culture and values [these "converts" to Konarai living are Alplaa's equivalent of "hippies" or "rainbow people"]

hinladrhaag (noun) cataclysmic variable star, nova or supernova [note: Alplai scientists distinguish various types of these objects by a grading system, rather than separate terms such as "supernova"]

hirai (pronoun) everybody, everyone

hirajna (noun) language

hirajnajiirkra (noun) accented pronunciation of a language, dialect, language variant, sociolect ["language variant" is the most literal interpretation]

hirega (adverb) everywhere

hireja (adjective or adverb) absolute, absolutely

hirekaavaag (noun) cosmology, metaphysics, philosophy on ultimate nature of reality

hirekaavaagai (noun) cosmologist, metaphysician, philosopher specializing in cosmological/metaphysical theories

hirera (pronoun) everything

hirgenreka (adjective or noun) pandemic

hirguujda (adjective or noun) omnivore, omnivorous

hirlokja (adjective or noun) complete paralysis, paralysis of all four limbs, quadriplegia, quadriplegic

hirlokjai (noun) person who is completely paralyzed, quadriplegic person

hirmekei (noun) alphabet, writing system

hirpriita (adjective or noun) spectral, spectrum

hirtejnara (noun) dictionary, lexicon

hirzama (adjective or adverb) always

hirzokharasaija (noun) direct democracy

hirzmakreja (adjective or noun) compulsion, compulsive hirzmakrejai (noun) compulsive person
 * g'boz hirzmakreja - to be compulsive [lit.: to have compulsion/compulsiveness]

hirzmapeigreja (adjective or noun) obsession, obsessed, obsessive hirzmapeigrejai (noun) obsessed/obsessive person
 * g'boz hirzmapeigreja - to be obsessed/obsessive [lit.: to have obsession/obsessiveness]

hisheftra (adjective or noun) albinism, albinistic, albino, congenitally lacking in pigment, leucism, leucistic

hisheftrai (noun) person with albinism or leucism [Alplai "albinos" are more likely leucistic, with pale-to-white plumage, skin, beak and nails, but normal eye pigmentation; truly albinistic Alplai are extremely rare and usually blind as well]

hishteldra (noun) flat or level area of land, plain

hobor (noun) fruit

hobrosun (noun) fruit juice or nectar

hobrozalpa (noun) heated fruit juice often consumed during breakfast, "fruit broth"

hojdaar (verb) to compete, to play a game

hojdra (noun) competing competition, game, gaming

hojdrai (noun) competitor, player in a game or sport

holtna (adjective) adopted. adoptive, foster [note in Alplai cultures, the difference between adoption and foster care is quite fluid, including degree of permanence and contact with an adopted/foster child's biological family]

holtnadajaita (noun) adoptive/foster brother

holtnadapidra (noun) adopted/foster son

holtnadavidra (noun) adoptive/foster father

holtnajaita (noun) adoptive/foster sibling

holtnapidra (noun) adopted/foster child

holtnashaijaat (noun) adoption/foster-care service agency [also supervises egg/hatchling nurseries and orphanages]

holtnavajaita (noun) adoptive/foster sister

holtnavapidra (noun) adopted/foster daughter

holtnavidra (noun) adoptive/foster parent

holtnavavidra (noun) adoptive/foster mother

holton (verb) to adopt/foster a child, to take in a child

hosh (verb) to explore, to journey, to travel

hosha (adjective or noun) exploration, exploring, journey, traveling, trip

hoshadeira (noun) piece of luggage, suitcase, travel bag

hoshagai (noun) traveler

hoshda (adjective or noun) arrival

hoshed (verb) to arrive

hosheg (verb) to depart

hoshga (adjective or noun) departure

hoshonjbretla (noun) travel pass

hozda (adjective) visit, visitation, visiting

hozdai (noun) guest, visitor

hozdarovdra (noun) hotel, inn

hozdashiinla (noun) guest room

hozdazolshna (noun) guest suite

hozed (verb) to visit

hukna (adjective or adverb) extreme, extremely, severe, severely

huknajinot (verb) to freeze

huknakinot (verb) to boil huknamedanreka (noun) morbid obesity
 * adra gironiit orka shaar huknakinot - he boiled some water [lit.: he caused some water to boil]

huukosh (verb) to be worthy, to deserve

huukshaa (adjective or adverb) deserving, worthy

huukshora (noun) desert, prize, reward, something deserved/earned

└ I
ibra (noun) name

ibred (verb) to be called/named

ibreg (verb) to call/name another
 * kre adra ibreg shra emai, seil mra ibreg shra emai - any friend of his is a friend of mine [lit.: if he calls you friend, then I call you friend]

id'- (article) the [used sparingly, as though indicating the only thing being described or existing]

ida (adjective or adverb) unique, uniquely

id'beluugavelbajazaam (historical period) the Pragmatist Ascendancy or Rise of Pragmatism [refers specifically to period when the Pragmatist Party formed and gained prominence in Alplai politics; other notable events were ratification of the Concordance Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and development of strong mixed economy]

id'ekaagajanazaam (historical period) the Great Shift or Great Conversion [refers specifically to period when governments shifted towards representative democracy; other notable events were independence for the Baija and Krishkarha, and the renouncing of war by all states under the Concordance of Alplaa]

id'ekaaverkzonra (noun) the Great Becoming [alternate reference to the Strhaan, emphasizing its nature as a constantly changing and emerging entity in relation to its connection with all living things]

id'hiirha (noun) the Universe, totality of existence

igaz (verb) to curve, to bend

igza (adjective) curved

igzedosh (noun) spiral

igzedavna (noun) cyclone, hurricane

igzogokh (noun) wheel

igzora (adjective) round [more general description than "circular" or "spherical"]

igzorosh (noun) sphere

igzorosha (adjective or adverb) spherical, spherically

igzosh (noun) circle

igzosha (adjective) circular

ijal (noun) earth, ground, land, soil

ijaraaf (noun) ground/main floor of a building

ijladopar (noun) fog, ground-level mist

ijlajuush (noun) ground transport, ground vehicle

ijlengrai (noun) serf

ikhaajrii (adjective or adverb) following, next

il (conjunction) or

inja (adjective) having a neutral charge

injatiitriikh (noun) neutron

inra (pronoun) us, we

inraluu (possessive pronoun) our, ours

inza (adjective, adverb) easily, easy, simple, simply

isha (adjective) having a positive charge

ishajiitriikh (noun) polyatomic cation, positively-charged molecular ion

ishatiitriikh (noun) proton

ishatriikh (noun) monatomic cation, positively-charged ion consisting of one atom

izrokra (noun) hammer

└: II
iibdokuud (noun) liver

iigma (noun) mouth

iija (noun) animal, beast

iijarekaavaag (noun) veterinary medicine

iijarekaavaagai (noun) veterinarian

iijavaag (noun) zoology

iijavaagai (noun) zoologist

iilda (noun) sand

iinsha (adjective) funny, humorous

iinshajan (verb) to joke

iinshajna (adjective or noun) joke

iinshajnai (noun) comedian, joker

iinshativna (noun) laughter

iinshatvon (verb) to laugh

iinshetnganra (noun) comedy, comedic play

iira (pronoun) them, they [inanimate objects]

iiraluu (possessive pronoun) their, theirs [inanimate objects]

iirka (noun) energy, power

iirkuundra (noun) engine. generator, reactor

iirtar (noun) heart [circulatory organ; Alplai do not see the heart as the source of love, but the Krishkarha do see it as the seat of courage] iishorbeish (noun) ligament, sinew, tendon
 * val tofga drof iirtar - thoroughly [lit.: from skin to heart; equivalent of "from head to toe" or "to the bone"]

iishruu (noun) joint [body part]

iivar (noun) hill

iizaad (noun) bone

iizada (adjective) bony, like bone

iizadra (noun) skeleton

iizdanka (noun) calcium

iizog (noun) horn [appendage of some animals]

╞ J
jaad (noun) meat

jaadguujda (adjective or noun) carnivore, carnivorous

jaarfjala (noun) blanket

jaarii (adjective) plain, simple, unadorned, unembellished

jaid (adjective) sour/tangy/tart in flavor

jaita (noun) sibling

jaitakrai (noun) sibling-in-law, sibling of one's spouse

jalera (noun) need, requirement

jaliir (verb) to need/require

jalrajan (verb) to command, to demand, to insist, to order

jalrajna (adjective or noun) command, commanding, demand, demanding, insistent, order

jalrii (adjective or adverb) imperative, necessary, required jalrikar (noun) duty, required action
 * jalrii mra kher eja'geinera - I must do this task

jalrizaam (noun) appointment

jalronga (noun) procedure, protocol

jamza (noun) blouse, shirt

javrek (verb) to endorse, to support

javreka (adjective or noun) endorsement, support, supportive

javrekai (noun) endorser, supporter

j'dajna (adjective or noun) colloqiual, colloquialism, idiom, idiomatic, slang

jedvorkeldra (noun) forest, woods

jefta (adjective) white color

jeftakuud (noun) pancreas [Note: the Alplai pancreas only provides digestive enzymes; for the equivalent of the Islets of Langerhans, see emzainrakuud]

jeftashaar (noun) hydrogen peroxide [lit.: white water; so named for the substance's bleaching capabilties]

jeftashuul (noun) bismuth

jeif (verb) to detect flavor, to taste

jeifa (noun) flavor, taste
 * eja'goja g'boz zainjeifa - that/this food/meal has sweet flavor/taste; this food is sweet

jeifar (noun) tongue

jeifrei (noun) ability to taste

jein (verb) to hear

jekpra (adjective or adverb) enormous, enormously, huge, hugely

jekpriikh (adjective) most enormous/huge [superlative form of jekpra]

jekpriil (adjective) more enormous/huge [comparative form of jekpra]

jela (noun) rod, stick

jenadar (noun) legislative assembly, parliament

jenbrei (noun) ability to hear, auditory sense, hearing

jendrabok (noun) break or recess in legislative session or judicial proceeding

jenga (adjective) antagonistic, confrontational

jeniil (noun) bank, beach, edge of body of water, shore

jenjal (noun) sand

jenjla (adjective) granular, sandy

jenjlisnokh (noun) silicon

jenkuud (noun) ear

jenog (noun) conflict, confrontation

jentflosna (noun) winter season
 * jentflosnakindashla - flu-like seasonal viral illness [lit.: winter fever]

jenzuur (noun) fragrant wood from a small bush often burned as part of meditative ritual for dealing with remorse
 * giron bevaal en jenzuur pilan - colloquial expression for attempting to deal with grief and remorse at once [lit.: to burn bevaal and jenzuur]

jerha (adjective) lean, skinny, slender, thin

jermot (numeral) billion

jev (noun or adjective) clean, cleanliness jevjikolaat (noun) sanitation department/patrol [Alplai sanitation workers are also empowered to issue littering citations]
 * giron jev - to clean [lit.: to make clean or bring about cleanliness]

jibeisha (adjective) muscular, brawny

jevjikolai (noun) sanitation officer/worker

jidla (adjective, adverb) constant, constantly, unchanging

jidlakjamek (mathematics) constant, non-varying numerical value jiida (adjective or noun) crowd, crowded, large number of individuals in one place, mass, swarm
 * jidlakjamek Biirtakluu - Biirtak's Constant, called Pi by Terrans [Biirtak was the Kiitra mathematician who first determined that the ratio of any circle's circumference to its diameter was the same, that this ratio was transcendental, and the earliest formula for determining it; coincidentally, the United Nations Interstellar Ark was programmed to respond to possible radio communication by exchanging tonal representations of this number's first thirty decimal digits]

jiidezma (noun) mass violence, mob violence

jiidonksha (noun) clutch of eggs

jiikh (adjective or adverb) most

jiil (adjective or adverb) more jiilsoteshladelta (noun) gasoline, petrol jiirk (adjective or adverb) assorted, diverse, diversely, varied, variedly
 * e'jiil e'jiil e'jiil - and so forth, and so on, blah blah blah, yada yada yada [lit.: "and more and more and more"; said very rapidly]
 * jiilsot - more colloquial version

jiirkirera (noun) assortment, diversity, variety

jiirkra (noun) variant, variation

jiit (adjective or adverb) many, much, several [also plural suffix for nouns]

jiitriikh (noun) molecule

jiklavjra (noun) armor

jikol (verb) to guard, to protect, to watch over

jikolai (noun) guard, protector, sentinel, sentry

jinot (verb) to chill or cool

jinta (adjective) cold

jintiikh (adjective) freezing, extremely cold

jintipaa (adjective) cool, not too cold

jintipshaar (noun) sleet, slush

jintjorvumja (noun) kitchen refrigerator

jintshaar (noun) ice

jiteja (adjective or adverb) relative, relatively

jitlagra (adjective) knowledgeable, smart

jitlagrai (noun) knowledgeable/smart person

jitolra (adjective) rich, wealthy

jitolrai (noun) rich/wealthy person

jitolriira (noun) fortune, treasure, wealth

jitveshal (noun) telescope

j'kon (noun) law, ordinance

j'kona (adjective or adverb) legal, legally

j'konavrekai (noun) attorney, lawyer, legal advocate

j'konrasai (noun) judge, magistrate

j'konrasaat (noun) appellate court panel, tribunal

j'la (pronoun, formal) you [second-person singular pronoun for deities or highly esteemed decedents]

j'laluu (possessive pronoun) your, yours [second-person singluar pronoun for deities or highly esteemed decedents]

jodla (adjective or noun) acid, acidic

jofera (adjective) haughty, pretentious, snobbish, snooty

jofrai (noun) haughty or pretentious person, snob

jog (verb) to chase, to hunt, to pursue

joga (adjective, adverb or noun) chase, chasing, hunt, hunting, pursuit

jogai (noun) hunter, one who chases or pursues another

jograi (noun) fugitive, one being chased/hunted/pursued, prey

jolfejra (noun) scabbard/sheath for knife or sword

jolja (noun) knife [other than eating utensil; see gelva]

jolvodja (adjective or noun) torture, torturous

jolvodjai (noun) torturer

jon (numeral) zero

jorva (noun) shelf

jorviira (noun) wall-mounted cabinet

jorvumja (noun) bureau, chest of drawers

jovbeilonka (noun) potassium

joverda (adjective or adverb) successful, successfully

joverdora (noun) accomplisment, successful venture

joverod (verb) to accomplish successfully, to succeed

joz (adjective) solid [as opposed to liquid or gaseous]

jozmelt (noun) feces

jozmelteg (verb) to defecate

juntra (adjective, adverb or noun) beautiful, beautifully, beauty juntrai (noun) beautiful person
 * g'boz juntra - to be beautiful [lit.: to have beauty]

jusnok (transitive verb) to treat someone a particular way
 * faan avra jusnok mra - she treats me well

juush (noun) craft, vehicle

juushbora (noun) landing gear for aircraft or spacecraft

juushkram (noun) crew member on board a craft

juushkramaat (noun) crew on board a craft

╒ K
kaaj (verb) to go, to move

kabaaj (verb) to go/move/turn upwards [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj baaj[

kadar (verb) to add

kadara (noun) addition

kadra (adjective or adverb) additional, extra

kadraginra (noun) vestigial air sac in Alplai anatomy

kadraten (noun) leap day [added every fifth year, and second leap day added every 100th year]

kadrofaaj (verb) to go/move towards [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj drof]

kagraaj (verb) to go/move forward or straight ahead [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj graaj]

kagrefaaj (verb) to go/move away [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj gref, which by itself can translate as "Begone"]

kailda (adjective or noun) act of swallowing, swallowed

kailed (verb) to swallow

kaileg (verb) to retch, to vomit

kailga (adjective) act of vomiting, emesis, vomited

kailgadiirsa (noun) emetic medication

kailgenreka (adjective or noun) bulemia, bulemic
 * g'boz kailgenreka - to be bulemic [lit.: to have bulemia]

kailgenrekai (noun) bulemic person

kailteg (noun) material vomited, vomitus

kaja (adjective) moving, in motion

kajkuunjuush (noun) automobile, car, motor vehicle

k'ajlaan (mathematics) equals

kajra (noun) motion, movement

kajrakuundra (noun) motor

kakejraaj (verb) to go/move/turn left [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj kejra]

kalab (noun) small tongs used as eating utensil by most Alplai

kalejraaj (verb) to go/move/turn right [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj lejra]

kalfot (noun) period of 11 days

kapraaj (verb) to go/move/turn back [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj praaj]

karj (adjective) smooth in texture

kashrabjra (noun) orbital path, orbit

kashraaj (verb) to go/move in a circular/elliptical path, to orbit something

kataaj (verb) to go/move/turn downwards [preferably used as imperative form of kaaj taaj]

katolra (noun) credit, positive monetary balance

kein (verb) to choose, to decide keiza (noun) bow for launching arrows
 * mra kein eja'era - this/that is my decision/choice [lit.: I chooce/decide this/that]
 * so'shra kein - as you choose/decide

kejra (adjective or adverb) left direction, leftward

kelna (adjective) light in color, pale in color

kelrei (noun) variety of nut resembling an elongated Terran walnut and valued as a highly nutritious food by both Alplai and Terrans

kelsha (adjective or noun) thunder, thunderous

kera (noun) world

kidra (noun) parent's sibling; aunt or uncle

kiij (noun) air, gas, vapor

kiijmelt (noun) fart, flatulence

kiijmelteg (verb) to fart, to pass gas through the anus

kiilda (noun) gullet, throat

kiinbraa (noun) power of volition, will

kiirh (adjective or adverb) any, some [used with a singular noun to mean "a certain, an unspecified or unknown"; not to be confused with orka]

kiishta (noun) bubble

kiishtasona (noun) carbonated beverage

Kiitra (adjective or noun) ethnic group principally residing peninsulas and islands off of the northern Great Sea coast; the language of the Kiitra; of the Kiitra or their region [note: the Kiitra were originally composed of several interrelated ethnolinguistic groups which unified politically and eventually adopted a single koinized language; the Kiitra are often distinguished physically by predominantly yellow-to-orange plumage and little to no hook on the tip of their upper beaks]

kijem (verb) to excuse, to forgive kimpredal (verb) to develop, to evolve
 * kijem mra! - Excuse me! [said immediately after minor transgression]
 * kijemiit - (You're) forgiven [said in response to above]
 * mra persh shra kijem mra - I beg you to forgive me; I'm sorry [see 3.2.1 at Kiitra main page]

kimpredla (adjective or adverb) developing, evolving

kimpredlara (noun) development, evolution

kindashla (adjective or noun) febrile, fever, feverish

kinot (verb) to heat, to warm

kinta (adjective) hot

kintiikh (adjective) boiling, extremely hot

kintipaa (adjective) warm, not too hot

kintjorvumja (noun) kitchen oven/stove

kirai (pronoun) anybody, anyone, somebody, someone

kirega (adverb) anywhere, somewhere

kirera (pronoun) anything, something

kirzama (adjective or adverb) sometimes

k'jamek (noun) numeral

k'jamekvaag (noun) mathematics

k'jamekvaagai (noun) mathematician

klofka (adjective, adverb or noun) bodily, body, corporeal

klofkokh (verb) to be born

klofkokha (adjective) born

klofkokhaten (noun) birthday [see also kokhaten]

klofkokher (verb) to give birth

klofkokhera (noun) birth, labor, process of giving birth

k'niin (mathematics) minus

k'niiniikh (mathematics) exponential root k'niiniil (mathematics) divided by k'niijlaan (mathematics) not equal to
 * nof k'niiniikh dof k'ajlaan dol - square/second root of nine equals three
 * got'taz k'niiniil ozat k'ajlaan ponk - forty divided by eight equals five

kobosh (verb) to lift, to raise

kobzaponad (verb) to record on motion-picture film or videotape, to make a cinematographic or videographic image

kobzapondra (noun) motion-picture camera, video camera

kobzekha (noun) motion-picture film, videotape [originally used for cinematographic film, the term was then applied to digital videographic recording material as well; refers to the physical medium, distinguished from an artistic compostion; contrast with kobzentganra]

kobzentganai (noun) movie actor, movie star

kobzentganeshodai (noun) movie director

kobzentgankuundra (noun) movie/video projector device

kobzentganpojega (noun) movie script, screenplay

kobzentganpondagai (noun) screenwriter

kobzentganra (noun) motion picture, movie, video play [refers to the artistic compostion, versus the physical medium on which it is recorded; contrast with kobzekha]

kobzentganrovdra (noun) cinena, movie theater

kobzentganijraaf (noun) movie screen, video projection screen

kobzentganbadra (noun) projection booth in a movie theater

kodosh (verb) to lower

kojed (verb) to place, to put

kojeg (verb) to remove
 * kojeg nistra - to decontaminate [lit.: to remove contaminant/impurity/taint]

kokh (verb) to hatch

kokha (adjective) hatched

kokhaten (noun) hatching day [Alplai equivalent of birthday; see also faniikh zu eja'ten]

kola (noun or adjective) square geometric shape

komuu (noun) elbow, middle joint of upper limb

kona (noun or adjective) cube, cubic

konat (verb) to detect scent or odor, to smell something

koniira (adjective or noun) crystal, crystalline

konta (noun) aroma, odor, scent, smell kontar (noun) nose, olfactory organ
 * era g'boz muurkonta - it smells bad; it has a bad odor

kontgaa (adjective or noun) sulfur, sulfuric

kontregma (noun) snout on an animal

kontrei (noun) ability to smell, sense of smell

k'orpiil (mathematics) less than

k'orpiilajlaan (mathematics) less than or equal to

korpra (noun) species of flower resembling a daisy with violet petals [Note: the korpra is the symbol for the Egalitarian party]

kozna (adjective, adverb or noun) active, actively, state of activity koznara (noun) specific action or activity
 * g'boz kozna - to be active [lit.: to have activity]
 * giron kozna - to activate, to power/start up, to turn on [lit.: to cause to be active]
 * lokh kozna - to deactivate, to power down, to turn off [lit.: to stop activity]

k'periil (mathematics) greater than

k'periilajlaan (mathematics) greater than or equal to

kraa! (interjection) ouch! ow!

kram (noun) employee, staffer, staffperson

kramaat (noun) body of employees within an organization, personnel, staff

kramguujdra (noun) employee cafeteria, staff canteen

kramshiinla (noun) office, individual work room or space

kre (conjunction) if

kriijageldra (noun) field for grazing, paddock, pasture

kroda (adjective, adverb or noun) danger, dangerous, dangerously, hazard, hazardous, hazardously

krora (noun) device, implement, instrument, tool

k'shaan (mathematics) plus

k'shaaniikh (mathematics) exponent, to the power of

k'shaaniil (mathematics) multiplied by

kulpa (adjective or adverb) almost, nearly

kulpaba (adjective or adverb) soon, within a short time

kulpagojagai (noun) apprentice cook in a restaurant, commis

kulpavezrajikolai (noun) probationary/trainee police officer

kulpiikh (adjective or adverb) practically, virtual, virtually [intensified form of kulpa = "almost"]

kulpondagai (noun) apprentice

kuud (noun) organ, part of anatomy

kuundra (noun) apparatus, device, machine

kuuraj (verb) to farm

kuurja (noun or adjective) farming, agricultural, agriculture

kuurjabadra (noun) farm

kuurjai (noun) farmer

kuurjeldra (noun) cropland, cultivated field, farmland

╒° KH
khaal (noun) home [place where one lives]

kharovdra (noun) house [residential building]

kheb (verb) to conceal, to hide

kheba (adjective, adverb or noun) concealed, concealing, hidden, hiding, secret, secretive

khein (verb) to touch

kheina (noun) feel, tactile sensation, texture
 * eja'fragosh g'boz karjkheina - that/this wood has smooth texture; this wood feels smooth

kher (verb) to do khevojla (noun) mask
 * kher gein - to do work, to work
 * kher ukned - to engage in sex
 * nonsha kher - glad/happy/pleasure to do (it) [response to expression of thanks]

khiimla (adjective or noun) middle, between beginning and end

khiishta (adjective or adverb) horizontal, horizontally

khiishtejradma (measurement) degrees of latitude [the Alplai system sets the geographic north pole at zero, the equator at 200, and the geographic south pole at 400]

khiimlebon (verb) to resume

khiimlinta (adjective) lukewarm, neither hot nor cold but in between

khiimol (verb) to continue, proceed

kh'len (verb) to rob or steal

kh'lenai (noun) robber, thief

kh'lenar (noun) robbery, theft

kh'lenra (adjective) robbed, stolen

khonjra (noun) animal abode, nest

khoravor (noun) large hoofed marsupial domesticated by the Alplai much like the Terran horse

.┴ L
lador (noun) night

ladrhaag (noun) star
 * id'ladrhaagjiit - the stars, interstellar space

ladrhaagbadra (noun) constellation

ladrhaagdara (noun) galaxy

lagna (noun) belief

lagnai (noun) believer

lagnara (noun) belief-system, worldview [can apply to both religious and naturalistic systems of belief]

lagon (verb) to believe

laita (noun) cousin, parent's sibling's child

ledra (preposition) in

legra (preposition) out

leishned (verb) to interact, to relate

leishneda (adjective, adverb) interactive, relational, relationally

leishnedar (noun) interaction, political/social relationship

lejra (adjective) right direction, rightward

lekef (noun) species of large flightless carnivorous bird indigenous to Krishkarhasiir [resembles extinct Terran bird Gastornis giganteus]

liidra (noun) club, mace

liija (noun) reptile

lii'ok (verb) to separate

liisnokdra (noun) chemical compound

liisnokh (noun) chemical element [note: Alplai scientific convention identifies several recently-discovered elements simply as liisnokh followed by its respective atomic number in ordinal form; the first is liisnokh got'taz'n'doluu (known by Terrans as technetium) followed by liisnokh sipot'taz'n'dofluu (hafnium), liisnokh sipot'taz'n'ponkluu (rhenium), and all elements with atomic number 84 or above with the exception of thorium (piilshuul) and uranium (poraklojle).]

limonshtrei (noun) guest of honor at a dinner [loanword from Saakh; tradition determines that the person selected in this role is the first to taste the food when served, to determine its suitability; this tradition is thought to originate from the practice of Saakh nobles inviting their rivals to negotiate over a meal, and having them take the first bite of food to dissuade the use of poisons, with the custom spreading and then persisting as a tradition across cultures]

lobel (verb) to fix, to repair, to restore lobla (adjective) fixed, repaired, restored
 * jalrii inra lobel frem gopshii inra - we must repair door between us [idiomatic metaphor for reconciliation]

lokbeldra (noun) landing place for aircraft and/or spacecraft [can be developed like helipads and/or runways, or simple designation of where aircraft and/or spacecraft lands]

lokh (verb) to halt, to stop lokhferjrokendishnra (adjective or noun) contraception, contraceptive
 * eja'eksajuush lokhiit beil ijal - that aircraft landed; that aircraft touched down [lit.: that aircraft stopped upon ground]
 * eja'murajuush lokhiit ledra murabadra - that boat/ship has docked [lit.: that seacraft stopped in dock]
 * lokh kozna - to deactivate, to power down, to turn off [lit.: to stop activity]

lokja (adjective or noun) immobile, paralysis, paralyzed, unable to move lokjai (noun) paralyzed person, person unable to move
 * g'boz lokja - to be paralyzed [lit. to have paralysis]

lokoj (verb) to paralyze, to render immobile

loshkra (noun) broom, brush

lushtra (noun) chain

luuja (noun) iron

╔ M
maakh (verb) to alarm, to alert

maakha (adjective) alarmed/alerted

maakhdavna (noun) sound of alarm or alert

maakhdavnera (noun) bell or other device for sounding alarm/alert

maaltonda (noun) spine

maiter (noun) abdomen, belly

marva (adjective) basic, essential, fundamental, root

marva'k'jamekvaag (noun) arithmetic, basic mathematics

marvibra (noun) root name [main portion of a person's name; Alplai custom has parents give unhatched children an "egg-name" (donibra) which is then altered once hatched and biological sex is known; transgender individuals can also alter their name while retaining its "root"]

meda (adjective) chubby, fat, obese, overweight

megzamei (noun) unit of time measurement equal to 1 minute 12.8125 seconds; 50 megzamei equals one zamei

meilna (adjective or noun) blend, blended, blending, combination, combined, mix mixed, mixture

meilnajla (noun) alloy

meilon (verb) to blend/combine/mix

meishmaa (noun) weather

meishmabolsabeja (noun) meteorological/weather forecast

meishmavaag (noun) meteorology, science of weather

meishmavaagai (noun) meteorologist, weatherperson

mekled (verb) to read

mekleg (verb) to write

meklega (adjective or adverb) writing, written

meklegai (noun) writer

mekrora (noun) pen, pencil, stylus, writing instrument

meldra (noun) cape, coastal headland

meltabruu (noun) toilet

meltashiinla (noun) bathroom, lavatory, restroom

melteg (verb) to relieve oneself, to use a toilet [see also jozmelteg and tolfmelteg]

meltgruukh (noun) anus

mentala (noun) Alplai plucked zither with triangular soundboard and strings running from one corner to its opposite side

metla (adjective) soft [substance texture]

metriina (noun) berry

miid (noun) clay

miil (adjective or noun) dirtiness, dirty, filth, filthy, soiled, unclean, uncleanliness
 * giron miil - to soil, to make dirty or unclean

miija (noun) fish

miirvan (interjection) please [always said at the beginning of a sentence] mlen (verb) to die
 * miirvan belaam mra - please excuse me [lit.: please allow/permit me; said when wishing to pass by, reach over, et cetera; distinguished from kijem mra]
 * miirvan belaam mra kher eja'era - please allow me to do this, may I do this

mlena (adjective) dead

mlenai (noun) carcass, corpse, dead being/person

mlenar (noun) death

mlenomai (noun) person whose friend has died, surviving friend

mlenopidrai (noun) person whose child has died, surviving parent

mlenotakra (adjective) widowed

mlenotakrai (adjective) widow, widower, surviving spouse

mlenotja (adjective or noun) grief, grieving, mourning

mlenovidrai (noun) orphan, person whose parents have died, surviving child

modaalzei (noun) lead [metal]

modrema (noun) kidney

mojavrai (noun) passenger

mokaal (noun) small marsupial domesticated for its light sweet meat

morgsha (adjective, adverb or noun) error, erroneous, erroneously, mistake, mistaken, mistakenly
 * g'boz morgsha - to be in error, to be mistaken [lit.: to have error/mistake]
 * giron morgsha - to err, to make a mistake [lit.: to cause error/mistake]

mormot (number) trillion

morshgar (verb) to misremember, to recall/remember incorrectly

morshgara (noun) inaccurate memory of an event

morshgra (adjective) inaccurately recalled/remembered, misremembered

morshgrabrei (noun) faulty ability to recall, remember

mot (number) thousand

motriil (noun) any of a species of aquatic invertebrates resembling Terran sea urchins [note: motriil are cultivated for their meat and roe]

mra (pronoun) I, me

mraluu (possessive pronoun) mine, my

mura (adjective) aquatic, large saltwater body, sea

murabadra (noun) dock
 * eja'murajuush lokhiit ledra murabadra - that ship/boat has docked [lit.: that seacraft stopped in dock]
 * eja'murajuush zon ledra murabadra - that ship/boat is docked [lit.: that seacraft is in dock]

muradara (noun) harbor, seaport

Murai (proper name) Alplai goddes of seas and oceans worshipped as mother of all life

murajeniil (noun) sea shore

murajuush (noun) aquatic vessel, boat, ship

murakuurja (noun) aquaculture

muranagma (noun) sea salt

murgiija (noun) crustacean

murjaad (noun) seafood

murkhtosh (noun) malestrom, powerful whirlpool murnagmanokh (noun) sodium
 * davna baaj, murkhtosh taaj - between a rock and a hard place, dilemma [lit.: "storm above, malestrom below"]

murvirja (noun) sharklike predatory fish [note: as on Earth, there are several species of murvirja with a diversity of sizes and other identifying characteristics]

muur (adjective) bad, opposite of good

muurdar (verb) to curse, to hex

muurdra (adjective, noun) curse, cursed, hex, hexed

muuriikh (adjective) worst

muuriil (adjective) worse

muurkhera (noun) transgression, wrongdoing

╓ N
naa (particle) no

nagim (adjective) salty in flavor

nagma (noun) salt

naindii (adjective or adverb) immoral, immorally, unethical, unethically

naindiira (noun) immorality naindiirai (noun) immoral/unethical person
 * g'boz naindiira - to be unethical/immoral [lit.: to have immorality]

naluudei (adjective or noun) legal insanity, legally insane [legal term borrowed from Saakh language; in Alplai jurisprudence, legal insanity is a separate category from guilt or innocence, and leads to a distinct evaluation by mental health professionals as to the defendant's state of mind and recommended course of action]

nata (noun) bread

negrasaij (verb) to rebel

negrasja (adjective or noun) rebellion, rebellious

negrasjai (noun) rebel

neija (adjective, adverb, contextual particle or interjection) definitely no, definitely not, definitive negative [opposite of shasha]

neigan (verb) to dance

neigana (adjective or noun) dancing, dance as art/discipline

neiganai (noun) dancer

neiganeshodai (noun) person directing a dance performance, repetiteur

neiganpondagai (noun) choreographer, person who composes dance routines

neiganra (noun) dance routine

neirsaaj (verb) to betray, to commit treason

neirsja (adjective or noun) betrayal, betraying, disloyal, disloyalty, treason, treasonous

neirsjai (noun) betrayer, disloyal person, traitor

neishgar (verb) to disagree, to dissent

neishgra (noun) difference of opinion, disagreeing, disagreement, dissent, dissenting

neishgrai (noun) dissenter, dissident, one who disagrees

nejda (noun) breakfast

nela (adjective) blue color

nelashuul (noun) cobalt [metal]

nelkijla (noun) bronze

nemla (adjective or noun) impartial, impartiality, lack of bias, unbiased

nen (conjunction) but, however, yet

nerka (adjective) orange color

nerkiij (noun) neon gas

nerpva (adjective or adverb) physically weak

nerpvara (noun) physical weakness

neshdemra (adjective or noun) lack/loss of usefulness, no longer useful, obsolescence, obsolete, unusable

netolra (noun) debit, debt, negative monetary balance

netvon (verb) to silence

netvona (adjective or adverb) silent, silently

netvonar (noun) silence

nezja (adverb or adjective) foolish, foolishly, unwise, unwisely

nezjai (noun) fool
 * Ekaanezjok - the Great Fool [a mythical trickster figure, similar to the Harlequin or Lord of Misrule in Terran cultures; often present at celebratory events, even officiating in traditional Kiitra weddings]

nezjara (noun) folly, foolishness, lack of wisdom

nibal (adjective) empty

nibalra (noun) hole, void

nibeisha (adjective) not muscular, gaunt, scrawny

nibeja (adjective) blind, sightless

nibejsa (adjective) invisible, unseen

nibeldra (noun) hole in ground, pit

nibrei (noun) inability

nibrosh (adjective or noun) chaos, chaotic, uncontrolled

nibroshkajra (noun) seizure

nidjon (noun) numbness

nigboz (verb) to lack, to not have [opposite of g'boz]

nigeinra (adjective) lazy

niirh (adjective or adverb) none

nijaadguujdai (noun) person who does not eat meat, vegetarian person [Note: Alplai "vegetarians", while not eating meat, will eat insects; contrast with egirbodaguujdai who eat neither meat nor insects and are thus more vegan]

nijala (adjective or adverb) unequal, unequally

nijenbrai (noun) deaf person

nijenbrei (noun) deafness

nijkon (noun) crime, violation of law

nijkona (adjective or adverb) criminal, illegal, outlaw

nijkonai (noun) criminal, lawbreaker, outlaw

nijkonajogai (noun) detective

nijkonavaag (noun) criminology, forensic science

nijkonavaagai (noun) criminologist, forensic investigator/scientist

nijra (adjective) dry

nijtolra (adjective) impoverished, poor

nijtolrai (noun) impoverished person, pauper

nikaja (adjective) still, unmoving

nikrot (verb) to limp

nikrota (ajective or noun) limp, limping

nil (conjunction) nor

nilgna (noun) doubt

nilgnai (noun) doubter, skeptic

nilgon (verb) to disbelieve, to doubt

nipaa (adjective, adverb or contextual particle) dubitative negative, possibly no, unlikely

niparka (adjective or adverb) flawed, imperfect, imperfectly

niparkera (noun) flaw, imperfection, state of being imperfect

nipon (verb) to lose, to misplace

nipona (adjective or adverb) lost, misplaced

nipozna (adjective or adverb) unfortunate, unfortunately, unluckily, unlukcy

nipraam (verb) to forbid, to prohibit

nirai (pronoun) nobody, no one

nirega (adverb) nowhere

nireka (adjective or noun) disease, diseased, ill, illness, sick, sickness
 * g'boz nireka - to be ill [lit.: to have illness]

nirekera (noun) germ, pathogen

nirekred (verb) to infect

nirekreg (verb) to cure a disease [lit.: to expel a disease or its cause]

nirengja (adjective or noun) starvation, starving

nirengjai (noun) person who is starving

nirengjanreka (adjective or noun) anorexia, anorexic
 * g'boz nirengjanreka - to be anorexic [lit.: to have anorexia]

nirengjanrekai (noun) anorexic person

nirengoj (verb) to starve

nirera (pronoun) nothing

nirkradiirsa (noun) antibiotic medication

nirota (adjective or noun) crazy, insane, insanity, lunatic, lunacy, psychotic, psychosis
 * g'boz nirota - to be crazy/insane/lunatic/psychotic [lit.: to have insanity/lunacy/psychosis]

nirotai (noun) crazy person, insane person, lunatic psychotic person

nirukendemlara (adjective or noun) asexual, asexuality

nirukendemlarai (noun) asexual person

nirzama (adjective or adverb) never

nised (preposition) without

nisdaindii (adjective or adverb) amoral, amorally, lacking/without ethics/morality

nisdaindiira (noun) amorality, lack of ethics/morality nisdaindiirai (noun) amoral person, person without ethics/morality
 * g'boz nisdaindiira - to be amoral, to lack ethics/morality

nisha (adjective) having a negative charge

nishajiitriikh (noun) negatively charged molecular ion, polyatomic anion

nishatiitriikh (noun) electron

nishatiitriikhorpjitveshal (noun) electron microscope

nishatriikh (noun) monoatomic anion, negatively-charged ion consisting of one atom

nislagnarai (adjective or noun) cynic, cynical, nihilist

nistii (adjective or adverb) contaminated, impure, impurely, tainted nistra (noun) contaminant, impurity, taint nistrakojga (adjective or noun) decontaminated, decontamination
 * giron nistii - to contaminate, to taint [lit. to make impure]
 * kojeg nistra - to decontaminate [lit.: to remove contaminant/impurity,taint]

nistrakojgajalronga (noun) decontamination procedure/protocol

nistrakojgashiinla (noun) decontamination chamber

nitakra (adjective) unmarried

nitakrai (noun) bachelor, bachelorette, unmarried person

nituuna (adjective) free, gratis, without charge or cost

nivrek (verb) to object, oppose

nivreka (adjective or noun) objecting, objection, opposed, opposing, opposition

nivrekai (noun) opponent, person objecting to or opposing a given proposition

nizaan (adjective) savory in flavor, umami

nof (number) nine

nojdii (adjective or adverb) inappropriate, inappropriately, improper, improperly

nonjeldra (noun) meadow

nonjvrotjenra (noun) pleasure from misfortune of others, schadenfreude

nonsha (adjective, adverb or noun) delight, delighted, delightedly, happily, happiness, happy, joy, pleasure nonshajela (noun) dildo [slang term, lit.: "joy-stick"]
 * genton nonsha - to make love [euphemism for sexual enjoyment; lit.: "to share joy/pleasure"]
 * g'boz nonsha - to be happy, to enjoy [lit.: to have happiness/pleasure]
 * giron nonsha - to delight, to make happy [lit.: to cause happiness/pleasure]
 * hiirh nonsha zu shra - all happiness to you [common well-wishing]
 * nonsha kher - glad/happy/pleasure to do it [response to thank you, equivalent to "you're welcome"]
 * zrhopa en nonsha - honor and pleasure [common response on being introduced to someone]

nopfon (adjective or noun) emotional coldness/distance, emotionally cold/distant, lacking emotion, unemotional
 * g'boz nopfon - to be emotionally cold/distant or unemotional [lit.: to have emotionlessness]

nozdra (adjective or adverb) ineffective, ineffectively, ineffectual, ineffectually, impotent, powerless, weak [distinguished from nerpva = physically weak]

nozdrara (noun) impotence, ineffectiveness, powerlessness, weakness [distinguished from nerpvara = physical weakness]

nrada (noun) hatred

nradai (noun) enemy, someone hated

nradikha (noun) abhorrence, detestation, despisement, loathing

nradikhai (noun) outcast, pariah

nradikhon (verb) to abhor, to detest, to despise, to loathe

nradon (verb) to hate

nubel (verb) to break, to damage

nubla (adjective) broken, damaged

nublizaad (noun) broken bone, bone fracture

nublushtra (noun) broken chain [Note: used as the symbol of the Radical party]

nuj (adjective) north, northern

nushverda (adjective or adverb) failed, unsuccessful, unsuccessfully

nushverdora (noun) failure, unsuccessful venture

nushverod (verb) to fail

nutma (adverb, conjunction or determiner) neither

nuujar (verb) to forget

nuujra (adjective or adverb) forgotten

nuujrabra (adjective) forgetful

nuujrinreka (noun) amnesia, memory loss due to disease or injury

nuujrinrekai (noun) amnesiac

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">╙ O
ofash (verb) to practice, to rehearse

ofsha (noun) practice, rehearsal

okh (number) one

okriina (noun) monorail

okriinabadra (noun) monorail boarding platform

okriinadara (noun) monorail station

oktiishenranokhdra (noun) ribonucleic acid, RNA

okvaljdai (noun) member of a group or organization

olaan (verb) to fly

olaana (noun) flight, flying

olaanai (noun) person qualified to fly an aircraft and/or spacecraft, pilot

olaanglok (noun) flight officer, pilot flying an aircraft or spacecraft

olga (adjective) light in weight

olnaa (adjective) flying, in flight

olnaabdra (noun) wing

omjalpa (noun) gravy, sauce, thick liquid condiment

onshebar (verb) to authorize, to give official permission, to license

onshebra (noun) grant, license, permit, warrant ontfon (verb) to yawn
 * onshebra ekaarasailuu - carte blanche [lit.: "Imperial grant"; refers to a special license giving the bearer virtually unlimited authority]
 * vaalzenshebra zu belmekra en uushtera drof hiirh zokh - Charter of Rights and Freedoms [an amendment to the Concordance of Alplaa, assuring various civil rights and liberties to all individuals]

ontfona (adjective or noun) yawn, yawning

ontii (noun) river

ontiijeniil (noun) riverbank

optoshrem (noun) small-to-midsized grey-hair omnivorous marsupial resembling an opossum or racoon [the species originated in the Kiitra forests; most are now kept as domestic pets, and more intelligent individuals are trained as assistance animals]

orbefaaz (noun) portable telescreen [Alplai equivalent of an advanced smartphone]

orbitkuud (noun) pituitary gland

orenraka (noun) moon, satellite

orka (determiner) few, some [used to denote indefinite quanitity; not to be confused with kiirh]

orpa (adjective) little, small

orpdera (noun) purse

orpelmekra (adjective or noun) discrimination, discriminatory
 * ren orpelmekra - to be discriminated against [lit.: to receive discrimination]
 * ton orpelmekra - to discriminate against [lit.: to give discrimination]

orpeshna (noun) pond

orpeshnajeniil (noun) bank or shore of pond

orpiikh (adjective) least

orpiikhzaam (interjection) just a moment

orpiil (adjective) less

orpirota (adjective or noun) eccentric, eccentricity, odd, oddball
 * g'boz oriprota - to be eccentric [lit.: to have eccentricity]

orpirotai (noun) eccentric person, oddball

orpjitveshal (noun) microscope

orpkaildra (noun) morsel, snack [lit.: small swallowed item]

orplashokda (noun) Alplai ethnic/folk music [usually songs accompanied by simple percussion]

orpontii (noun) creek, stream

orpna (adjective) short in height or length

orpsholbadra (noun) capillary

orptilna (adjective, adverb or noun) apprehension, apprehensive, apprehensively orptolgafrem (noun) portable computer pad/tablet
 * g'boz orptilna - to be apprehensive [lit.: to have apprehension]

orpzaamkuundra (noun) personal timepiece, watch

ortlagra (adjective) dumb, ignorant

ortlagrai (noun) idiot, ignoramus

ortolgai (noun) acquaintance, person with whom one is acquainted

ortvon (verb) to hush, to lower sound volume, to quiet

ortvona (adjective or adjverb) hushed, quiet

osflog (verb) to defeat

osflud (verb) to be defeated, to lose competitively

osfuul (adjective or noun) defeat, losing

osmaarn (verb) to win competitively [contrast with p'jeren]

osmrona (adjective or noun) victorious, victory, winning

otfa (noun) matter, substance

otja (adjective, adverb or noun) sad, sadly, sadness ovetna (noun) Alplai greeting gesture [see Kiitra main page section 7.1]
 * g'boz otja - to be sad, to have sadness

ozat (number) eight

ozgar (verb) to remember
 * avra shribiit adra ozgar eja'genfeinzaam - she reminded him about that meeting [lit.: she helped him remember that meeting]

ozgara (noun) memory, recall of specific event

ozgra (adjective) remembered

ozgrabrei (noun) memory, ability to recall

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paal (adjective) filled, full, packed, stuffed
 * adra gironiit era paal - he filled it

paara (adjective) heavy in weight

paash (noun) cover/lid for container

pada (adverb) too [as in English "too much", "too close", etc.]

padopfon (adjective or noun) emotionalism, excessive emotion, sentimental, sentimentalism, sentimentality
 * g'boz padopfon - to be overly emotional or sentimental [lit.: to have excessive emotion or sentimentality]

pakhat (verb) to be lost, to stray, to wander

pakhta (adjective) lost, wandering

pakhtai (noun) wanderer

pakhtapeigar (verb) to daydream

pakhtapeigra (noun) absent-mindedness, daydream, wandering thoughts

pakhtapeigrai (noun) absent-minded person, daydreamer

pakhtarhaag (noun) planet [archaic, poetic]

parda (noun) spear

parka (adjective or adverb) flawless, flawlessly, perfect, perfectly

parkera (noun) flawless or perfect thing, perfection, perfect thing, state of being perfect or without flaw

pedna (adjective) occurrent, occurring

pednazma (noun) event, incidence, incident, instance, occurrence

pedon (verb) to happen, to occur, to take place

pega (adjective) purple color

peigar (verb) to think

peigra (noun) thinking, thought

peigrabra (noun) intelligence [refers to innate capacity to think, not quality of thinking; see jitlagra and ortlagra, also nezja and sivja]

peigradma (noun) mind

peigradmavaag (noun) psychology

peigradmavaagai (noun) psychologist

peigrai (noun) thinker

pejud (adjective) bland, plain in flavor

pekhtakar (verb) to divorce

pekhtakra (adjective) divorced

pekhtakraat (noun) act or process of divorce

pekhtakrai (noun) divorced person

pera (adjective) big, great, large

peradma (noun) unit of linear measurement equal to approximately 1.1 kilometers

perdal (verb) to grow

perdla (noun) growing, growth

perna (adjective) long in length, tall in height

pernparda (noun) pike [long version of spear]

persh (verb) to beg, to plead petal (verb) to change
 * mra persh shra kijem mra - I apologize, I beg you to forgive me

petla (adjective or noun) change, changing

petlajan (verb) to interpret, to translate

petlajna (adjective or noun) interpretation, interpreting, translating, translation

petlajnai (noun) interpreter, translator

petlajnafaaz (noun) language translation device

petlugrona (adjective) transgender

petlugronai (noun) transgender person

pidnabejaat (noun) audience

pidnabejabdra (noun) audience seating area, auditorium

pidnabejai (noun) audience member

pidra (noun) child, offspring

pidrakrai (noun) daughter/son-in-law, spouse of one's offspring

pifon (noun) emotion
 * g'boz pifon - to feel, to have emotion

piidna (adjective) seated, sitting

piidnara (noun) chair, seat, stool

piidon (verb) to sit

piil (noun) fire

piilkiij (noun) hydrogen

piilshuul (noun) thorium

piilteg (noun) ash, burnt material

piiltgar (noun) carbon

piiltgarsedofginakiij (noun) carbon dioxide [scientific/technical term; see also ginegakiij]

piirh (adjective or adverb) complete, completely, total, totally

Piirshmai (proper name) innermost planet of Alplaa's solar system

piladopar (noun) smoke

pilan (verb) to burn pilna (adjective) burned, burnt
 * adra gironiit eja'fragosh pilan - he burned that wood, he caused that wood to burn
 * giron bevaal en jenzuur pilan - colloquial expression for attempting to deal with grief and remorse at once [lit.: to burn bevaal and jenzuur]

pilnabra (adjective) flammable

pilnajorvra (noun) fireplace, hearth

pilnibeldra (noun) firepit

pirgenzomjra (noun) total communication [embodies an organizational philosophy, pervasive in Alplai government and other large agencies, of sharing all information and ideas or at least making them readily accessible; opposite of the so-called "need-to-know" approach]

pirukendobrosh (adjective or noun) celibacy, celibate

p'jena (noun) luck p'jenojdra (noun) game of chance
 * faaniikh p'jena! - best of luck

p'jeren (verb) to gain or win by chance or luck [contrast with osmaarn]

pojega (noun) book

pokhijle (noun) aluminium, aluminum

ponad (verb) to create, to make something

pondabrei (noun) creativity, artistic skill

pondagai (noun) artist, craftsperson [note: while Alplai tradition recognize distinct "apprentice" and "master" levels in arts and crafts, there is no equivalent to the "journeyman" stage]
 * ekaapondagai - master artist/craftsperson
 * kulpondagai - apprentice artist/craftsperson

pondera (noun) artwork, creation, crafted item

ponk (number) five

poraklojle (noun) uranium [used to refer to both metallic element and pitchblende/uraninite ore]

porot (verb) to impale, to pierce, to skewer

porta (adjective) impaled, pierced, skewered

pozna (adjective or adverb) fortunate, fortunately, luckily, lucky

p'prash! (interjection) exclamation of suprise and/or frustration [equivalent to "By God!" or "Damn it!"]

praaj (adjective) back, backward, behind, rear

praajaat (noun) minor/fringe/insurgent political party [lit.: "back group"; from the practice of seating the smallest party in the back of an elected assembly; see also praajgenfreikaat]

prakaaj (verb) to physically follow another person

prakja (adjective or noun) physically following another person, back of a group/line/queue of people [see grakjanprakjaat]

prakjai (noun) person who physically follows another person

prameldra (noun) peninsula

prender (verb) to follow the moral/spiritual guidance of another

prendra (adjective or noun) following the moral/spiritual guidance of another

prendrai (noun) one who follows the moral/spiritual guidance of another

pretflosna (noun) summer season

prii (ajective or noun) color, hue, shade

priidelta (noun) paint

priidloshkra (noun) paintbrush

priitfa (noun) dye, pigment, substance used to color material

priizgokh (noun) rainbow

profna (adjective or adverb) physically strong

profnara (noun) physical strength

projukned (noun) anal intercourse, anal sex

proton (verb) to age, to grow older, to mature

protna (adjective or adverb) adult, mature, maturely

protnai (noun) adult, mature person

provaar (noun) snow

provadavna (noun) snowstorm

provigzrosh (noun) snowball

p'tara (relative pronoun) who

p'tazra (adverb or conjugation) why

p'teda (adjective, adverb, conjugation) how

p'tega (adverb or conjugation) where

p'tejiit (adverb) how many, how much

p'tema (adverb or conjugation) when
 * p'tema vojna uumodiit - when all is said and done [lit.: when dinner is finished; equivalent to "at the end of the day"]

p'tera (adverb or relative pronoun) what

p'tiira (determiner or relative pronoun) which

puul (noun) city, municipality

puula (adjective) municipal, urban

puulajendar (noun) municipal/city council

puulajendrasai (noun) municipal/city council leader

puundakiij (noun) nitrogen

puundnagma (noun) saltpeter

puuza (adjectiveor noun) boredom, boring, dull, uninteresting, state of being bored
 * g'boz puuza - to be bored [lit.: to have boredom]
 * ton puuza - to bore [lit.: to give boredom]

puuzai (noun) bore, boring person, dullard

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raaf (noun) floor of building, level

raala (adjective) red color

radam (verb) to measure

radma (noun) unit of linear measurement equal to approximately 1.1 meters

rajeira (noun) a strategy game similar to Reversi or Othello played on a hexagonal board 11 cells on each side for a total of 331 cells; playing pieces are tokens with different colors on each side; the game begins with six tokens of alternating colors surrounding the empty center cell; play alternates with each player placing a token on the board next to its opposing color and flipping all opposing-colored tokens in any straight line between the new token and any of its "allies"; play ends when all cells are filled or no other moves can be made; the player with the most tokens showing his/her color is the winner.

rasai (noun) chief, leader, person in charge, ruler

rasaij (verb) to govern, to rule

rasaija (adjective or noun) governance, governing

rasarovdra (noun) castle, palace

rasjaat (noun) government

rasjavaag (noun) political science, government studies

rasdrada (noun) prince

rasdrava (noun) princess

raspedra (noun) throne

rasuvaal (noun) head of government, prime minister

reibda (adjective or adverb) accusative, accuusatively, accusatory, accusatorily

reibdai (noun) accused, defendant in trial, person accused of crime

reibdajan (verb) to accuse

reibdajna (noun) accusation

reibdajnai (noun) accuser

reibdajog (verb) to prosecute

reibdajoga (adjective) prosecutorial

reibdajogai (noun) prosecutor

reibdanvrek (verb) to defend an accused person, to refute an accusation

reibdanvreka (adjective) pertaining to judicial defense or refutation of an accusation

reibdanvrekai (noun) advocate for accused person, defending counsel

rekaa (noun) health

rekaagednavaag (noun) surgery

rekaagednavaaga (adjective) surgical

rekaagednavaagai (noun) surgeon

rekaashribai (noun) medical assistant, nurse, paramedic

rekaavaag (noun) medical science, practice of medicine

rekaavaagai (noun) medical doctor, physician

rekaavaagbadra (noun) clinic, medical center in a larger facility

rekaavaagdara (noun) hospital, large medical facility

rekaavaagjuush (noun) ambulance

Rekar (proper name) outermost gas-giant planet of Alplaa's solar system

Rekrai (adjective or noun) inhabitant of one of Rekar's settlements; of Rekar

ren (verb) to get, to receive something given
 * ren orpelmekra - to be discriminated against [lit.: to receive discrimination]

renai (noun) receiver, recipient

renza (noun) lunch, midday meal

reshnii (adverb) apparently, seemingly
 * reshnii avra g'boz nireka - she appears/seems ill [lit.: apparently/seemingly she has illness]

riidan (verb) to lie down, to recline

riidna (adjective) lying down, reclining

riidnara (noun) couch, divan

riija (noun) mammal

riikhaa (interjection) greeting, hello

rim (noun) fur, hair

rimrhogra (noun) comet

romgiiza (noun) cassock, long coat or jacket

rota (adjective or noun) mentally stable, mental stability, sane, sanity
 * g'boz rota - to be mentally stable or sane [lit.: to have mental stability or sanity]

rotai (noun) person who is mentally stable or sane

rovdra (noun) building

rumorda (noun) vulgar term for a coughed-up hairball; later used as a slur for Terrans/humans

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rhaag (noun) light, luminescence

rhaagzeish (noun) lamp

rhekan (verb) to check, to examine, to inspect, to look at with care [more intensly and purposively than bejed]

rhekna (adjective or noun) checking, examination, examining, inspecting, inspection

rheknai (noun) examiner, inspector [not a police detective or investigator]

rheknosh (verb) to survey

rheknosha (adjective noun) survey, surveying

rhiipna (adjective or adverb) vertical, vertically

rhiipnejradma (measurement) degrees of longitude [the Alplai system sets zero degrees longitude at the center of Marif (capital of the Ferjaat Kiitra) and moving westward, with the prime meridian also taking the place of 400 degrees longitude]

rhiipniivar (noun) cliff

rholja (noun) corrosion, rust

rhonga (adjective or noun) order, ordered, ordering, sequence, sequenced, sequencing, serial, series

rhonug (verb) to order, to put in sequence

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saald (noun) garden, park

sed (preposition) with

seif (verb) to brush/sweep

seij (verb) to mirror, to reflect

seija (adjective or noun) mirror image, opposite, reflection, reflective seija'injatiitriikh (noun) antineutron
 * seija zu "ozgar" zon "nuujar" - opposite of "remember" is "forget" [lit.: mirror image for "remember" is "forget"]

seija'ishatiitriikh (noun) antiproton

seija'otfa (noun) antimatter

seijanishatiitriikh (noun) anti-electron, positron

seijatiitriikhiirkuundra (noun) antimatter reactor

seil (conjunctive adverb) hence, then, therefore, thus

seima (adjective, adverb or noun) infinite, infinitely, infinity

seimazaam (noun) eternity, forever

seimorpa (adjective, adverb or noun) infinitesimal, infinitesimally

seimzama (adjective or adverb) eternal, eternally

sejdraneshra (adjective, adverb or noun) satire, satirical, satirically

sejdraneshrai (noun) satirist

sejra (noun) looking-glass, mirror

sela (noun) head [body part]

selavjra (noun) hat, head covering

seliizdra (noun) skull

seljiklara (noun) helmet

selmuu (noun) neck [body part]

semot (verb) to solve

semta (noun) solution

sentgan (verb) to act/perform theatrically

sentgana (adjective or noun) dramatic/theatrical arts

sentganai (noun) actor, theatrical performer

sentganbadra (noun) backstage, offstage

sentganeshodai (noun) director of a theatrical performance

sentganijraaf (noun) theatrical stage

sentgankra (noun) theatrical performance

sentganpojega (noun) script for theatrical work

sentganpondagai (noun) playwright

sentganra (noun) play, theatrical work

sentganrovdra (noun) playhouse, theater

sentganshribai (noun) stagehand

sepriif (verb) to paint a picture [contrast with vipriijor]

sepriifai (noun) person who paints pictures [contrast with vipriijrai]

seshda (adjective or adverb) agile, graceful, gracefully, not clumsy

seshdajna (adjective) eloquent [used to describe a given statement; to describe a person as eloquent, see g'boz seshdajnar below]

seshdajnar (noun) eloquence [ability to speak eloquently] seshuul (noun) silver
 * g'boz seshdajnar - to be eloquent [lit.: to have eloquence]

setor (verb) to be like, to resemble

setra (adjective, noun) resemblance, resembling, similar, similarity

sezal (noun) glass

sezla (adjective) glassy, made of glass, transparent

siija (noun) creature [implies a living being other than one's species]

siir (noun) country, independent state, nation [note: when describing a specific state, the ethnic/geographic designation is prefixed] siishov (verb) to detoxify, to counteract/expel poison/toxin/venom
 * Aajberaakisiir - South Oceanic region
 * Baaltisiir - Baalti (east Baija) region
 * Bashrasiir - Bashra (west Baija) region
 * Ekaamurasiir - Great Sea region
 * Krishkarhasiir - Krishkarha region
 * Nujberaakisiir - North Oceanic region
 * Saakhsiir - Saakh region
 * Uujberaakisiir - East Oceanic region
 * Vaajberaakisiir - West Oceanic region

siishvotfa (noun) antidote to poison, antitoxin, antivenin

sileduur (noun) monotremic cetaceans resembling Terran dolphins and living in Alplaa's Great Sea [the sileduur are regarded as sacred by members of the Murai faith]
 * siledraavshna - pendant worn by Murai devotees consisting of a representation of a sileduur suspended from a braided cord

siltujei (noun) doohickey, thingamabob, thingamajig, unknown item/part [loan word from southern Saakh dialect]

simnoja (adjective) comprehensible, understandable

simnojabra (noun) ability to comprehend/understand

simnosh (verb) to comprehend, to understand

sipot (number) seven

sivaaj (verb) to be wise, to discern, to show sound judgement/reasoning

sivja (adjective or adverb) diserning, sensible, sensibly, wise, wisely

sivjai (noun) discerning/sensible/wise person

sivjara (noun) wisdom

sivjenai (noun) juror, lay member of judical hearing panel

sivjendar (noun) judicial hearing or trial

sivjendraat (noun) judical hearing panel, jury

sivjrai (noun) wise person

slejda (adjective, adverb or noun) safe, safely, safety

slejdosha (interjection) bon voyage, safe travel

smekra (noun) news, reporting of events

smekrabeshra (noun) video news program

smekradra (noun) journalistic piece, news story

smekramkleg (verb) to engage in journalism, to report news

smekramklega (adjective, adverb or noun) journalism, journalistic, journalistically

smekramklegai (noun) journalist, news reporter

smekrashra (noun) journalistic publication, newsletter, newspaper, news periodical

smesha (adjective) social, societal

smeshaat (noun) society

smeshavaag (noun) social sciences, sociology

smeshavaagai (noun) social scientist, sociologist

smeshronga (noun) social order

so'- (conjunction) as, in the same way that
 * so'shra kein - as you choose/decide

sona (noun) beverage, drink

sorazna (interjection) amen, conclusion of prayer

soteshladelta (noun) diesel fuel
 * sotesh - more colloquial version

sotii (adjective or adverb) pure, purely sotira (noun) purity, state of being pure
 * giron sotii - to purify/refine [lit.: to make pure]

sovdon (verb) to caution, to warn

sovdona (adjective or noun) caution, cautious, warning
 * g'boz sovdona - to be cautious/warned [lit.: to have caution/warning]

srijlara (noun) area of land under control of a particular person or group; domain, territory

strhaan (noun) panentheistic impersonal entity central to Shalranai belief [often said with definite article; see also id'ekaaverkzonra]

suunod (verb) to drink

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shaa (particle) yes

shaanponad (verb) to assemble, to construct, to fabricate, to manufacture

shaanponda (adjective) assembled, constructed, fabricated, manufactured

shaanpondadra (noun) factory, manufacturing plant

shaanpondapeigrabra (noun) artificial intelligence

shaar (noun) water

shaarbruu (noun) sink, water basin

shaarzuulshariikuundra (noun) hydroelectric turbine-generator unit

shaarzuulshariirkuundradara (noun) hydroelectric plant

shafanjeifa (noun) deliciousness, good/pleasing flavor
 * eja'goja g'boz shafanjeifa - that/this food/meal has deliciousness; this food is delicious

shaij (verb) to serve

shaija (noun) service

shaijaat (noun) commission, civil service department

shaijaras (noun) commissioner, head of civil service department

shajefojla (noun) livery, uniform

sharipa (adjective) damp, moist

sharpar (adjective) soaked, wet

shasha (adjective, adverb, interjection) certainly, definitely, sure, surely, very sh'don (verb) to crawl
 * shasha faan - excellent, very good [often said very fast, as though it were a single word]

shefop (verb) to answer, to respond

shefpa (adjective or noun) answer, response, responsive

shegrasaij (verb) to comply, to follow along, to obey

shegrasja (adjective or noun) compliance, obedience

shegrasjai (noun) compliant person, follower, obedient person

shegtei (noun) essential self

sheigar (verb) to agree, to concur, to consent

sheigra (adjective or noun) agreeing, agreement, concurrence, consensus, consent, consenting, shared opinion

sheigrai (noun) person who agrees with and/or consents to something

sheina (contextual particle) yes in disagreement to a negative statement [called a "marked affirmative" in Terran linguistics]

shen (verb) to exist, to live

shena (adjective) alive, existing, living

shenai (noun) living being/person

shenar (noun) life

shenravaag (noun) biology, life sciences

shenravaagai (noun) biologist

sheron (verb) to coerce, to compel, to force

sherna (adjective or noun) coercion, coercive

shibaan (verb) to dream

shibaana (adjective) dreaming, dreamy

shibaanai (noun) dreamer

shibaanda (noun) dream

shifkhada (interjection) welcome
 * shifkhada dovleda - welcome back

shiija (noun) amphibian

shiinla (noun) room in a house

shimkra (adjective) barbaric, savage, uncivilized

shimkrada (noun) barbarism, savagery

shimkrai (noun) barbarian, savage, uncivilized person

shipaa (adjective, adverb, contextual particle) dubitative affirmative, likely, possible, possibly yes shipaanipaa (adjective, adverb or contextual particle) so-so, uncertain, unsure
 * shipaa inra hoshiis drof Kerapuul - we may/might be traveling to Kerapuul

shiposemta (adjective or noun) hypothesis, hypothetical, theoretical, theory

shirega (noun) central square of city or town

sh'kema (adjective or adverb) risky, in a risky manner

sh'kemra (noun) risk

sh'kom (verb) to risk

sh'mokh (noun) war, warfare

sh'mokha (adjective) warlike, warring

sh'mokhaat (noun) army, military

sh'mokhai (noun) soldier, warrior

sh'mokharasai (noun) army/military leader, general, warlord

shojan (verb) to affirm

shojna (adjective, adverb or noun) affirmation, affirmative, affirmatively, affirming, affirmed

shojnahiirshtiida (adjective) multicultural, multiethnic [lit.: affirm all ethnicities]

shokaad (verb) to make music [usually instrumental]

shokda (noun) music [usually instrumental]

shokdai (noun) musician, person who plays musical instrument

shokdajan (verb) to sing

shokdajna (noun) choral/vocal music

shokdajnai (noun) singer, person who performs vocal music

shokdajnapondagai (noun) composer of choral/vocal music

shokdajnara (noun) choral/vocal composition, song

shokdajneshodai (noun) conductor of choral/vocal music

shokdapondagai (noun) composer of instrumental music

shokdeshodai (noun) conductor of instrumental music

shokdra (noun) composition for instrumental music

shol (noun) blood

sholbadara (noun) blood vessel
 * edsholbadra - artery
 * egsholbadra - vein
 * orpsholbadra - capillary

shomuu (noun) knee

shondaarja (noun) gem, jewel

shorna (noun) link in a chain

shot (number) hundred

sh'panjkonai (noun) criminal suspect

shra (pronoun) you [singular]

shrepajnadar (noun) deadlocked legislature, hung parliament [lit.: swampy assembly]

shrepeldra (noun) bog, marsh, swamp

shrib (verb) to assist, to help shribai (noun) assistant, helper
 * adra shribiit avra ozgar eja'jalrizaam - he reminded her about that appointment [lit.: he helped her remember that appointment]

shribiija (noun) assistance animal

sh'taaka (adjective) ethnocentric, parochial, regionalist, sectionalist [typically describing social/political movements or parties representing particular ethnic and/or geographic interests]

sh'tiida (adjective or noun) ethnic, ethnic identity, ethnicity

shuul (noun) metal

shuula (adjective) metallic

shuulavaag (noun) metallurgy

shuulavaagai (noun) metallurgist

shuulpta (noun) ore

shuuna (noun) sneeze

shuunadiirsa (noun) allergy medication, antihistamine

shuu'on (verb) to sneeze

shuvipte (noun) diamond

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taaj (adjective, adverb, preposition) below, down, under

taajbadara (noun) root of tree

taajijlakinta (adjective) geothermal

taajijlakintiirka (noun) geothermal energy/power

taajijlakintiirkuundra (noun) geothermal power generator

taajijlakintiirkuundradara (noun) geothermal power plant

taajijlakintuulshariirkuundra (noun) geothermal electrical generator

taajijlakintuulshariirkuundradara (noun) geothermal electrical power plant

taajmurajuush (noun) bathyscaphe, submarine

taarei (noun) drum

taarjenok'n'jeridon (colloquialism) good-cop/bad-cop, Mutt-and-Jeff [named for the pair of Alplai police who developed the interrogation technique on their planet]

taarkaad (verb) to drum, to provide percussive musical rhythm

takar (verb) to pledge, to promise

takra (noun) pledge, promise

takradai (noun) husband ["promised man"]

takravai (noun) wife ["promised woman"]

takrazaam (noun) marriage ceremony, wedding

takrengrai (noun) indentured servant

talna (adjective or adverb) recurrent, recurring, repetitive, repetitively

talnara (noun) recurrence, repetition

talniirh (adjective or adverb) frequent, frequently, often

talon (verb) to recur, to repeat

tarbdra (noun) leg, lower limb

tarishruu (noun) hip

tarlokja (adjective or noun) paraplegia, paraplegic, paralysis of the lower limbs

tarlokjai (noun) paraplegic person, person with lower limbs paralyzed

taz (number) ten

tazeimek (noun) decimal point

tefra (noun) wall

teish (adjective) sweet in taste

tejna (noun) word

telja (adjective) distant or far in proximity

teljikashrabjeldra (noun) apoapsis, apogee, apohelion

teljiikh (adjective) farthest, most distant

teljiil (adjective) farther, more distant

ten (noun) day

teraa (noun) Terra, planet Earth

terai (adjective, noun) Terran, human

teshladelta (noun) petroleum

tetet (noun or verb) series of soft clicking sounds made by Alplai while thinking; to make such a sound [the tetet serves a similar function like pensive humming for Terrans]

tevnera (noun) bell, chime tigdaar (noun) tooth
 * eshnatevnera - tuning fork [lit.: monastic bell/chime; so called because Shalranai monks invented this instrument as a chime for meditation and to signal certain events in the day's routine]

tiigraat (verb) to step

tiigraata (noun) step

tiiguujdra (noun) casual cafe, small restaurant, snack bar [etymological note: tiiguujdra literally translates as "smaller section of eating establishment"; this is because originally Alplai cafes and snack bars were small separate areas of larger restaurants providing inexpensive casual food service; when they became separate establishments, they retained the original designation; the compound orpaguujdra would therefore more accurately refer to a relatively small full-service restaurant]

t'iija (adjective or noun) viral, virus

t'iijadiirsa (noun) antiviral medication

t'iijavaag (noun) virology

t'iijavaagai (noun) virologist

tiikra (noun) asteroid, planetoid

tiina (noun) seed

tiiradma (noun) unit of linear measurment equal to approximately 1.1 centimeters

tiishaijaaat (noun) division or office of a commission or civil service department

tiishaijaras (noun) director or head of division [see above]

tiishenra (adjective or noun) genetic, genetic material

tiishenrabadra (noun) gene

tiishenradra (noun) chromosome

tiishenrakdra (noun) genome

tiishenranokhbadra (noun) nucleotide

tiishenravaag (noun) genetics

tiishenravaagai (noun) geneticist

tii'shotluu (adjective or noun) hundredths, percent, percentage tiitofga (noun) scale [segment of skin]
 * dof'taz'n'ponk'tii'shotluu - twenty-five hundredths, twenty-five percent
 * sipot'tazei'dol'tii'shotluu - 7.3 percent

tiitriikh (noun) subatomic particle tilna (adjective or noun) fear, frightening, scary
 * injatiitriikh - neutron
 * ishatiitriikh - proton
 * nishatiitriikh - electron

tilnai (noun) frightening/scary person
 * g'boz tilna - to be afraid, to have fear
 * ton tilna - to frighten, to give fear

tilnejta (adjective) cowardly

tilnejtai (noun) coward

tilnetjar (noun) cowardice

tilneshibaana (noun) nightmare

timokh (noun) brain [organ]

timokhvaag (noun) neuroscience

timokhvaagai (noun) neuroscientist

tirpa (adjective) miniscule, tiny

tirpiikh (adjective) most miniscule/tiny [superlative of tirpa]

tirpiil (adjective) more miniscule/tiny [comparative of tirpa]

tishnar (noun) living cell

tivon (verb) to emit noise or sound

tivona (adjective) noisy, sonic tivonar (noun) noise, sound
 * tivona dof - Mach two, twice the speed of sound

t'kon (verb) to close, to shut

t'liishnokh (noun) isotope

tofga (noun) skin tojilrolarhog (noun) infrared light
 * val tofga drof iirtar - thoroughly [lit.: from skin to heart; equivalent to "from head to toe" or "to the bone"]

tojla (adjective) grey color

tokhan (verb) to observe

tokhna (adjective or noun) observing, observation

tokhnai (noun) observer

tolra (noun) rope

tolf (adjective or noun) liquid

tolfmelt (noun) urine

tolfmelteg (verb) to urinate

tolfsesha (noun) mercury, quicksilver

tolga (noun) data, information, knowledge

tolgadara (noun) library

tolgafaaz (noun) computer, information system

tolgafzaalnazrot (noun) Internet, World Wide Web [lit.: information system network or connection-field]
 * tolgzaalzrot - abbreviated colloquial form

tolgafrem (noun) computer terminal or workstation, data portal

tolgajan (verb) to explain, to inform, to notify, to tell

tolgajna (noun) explanation, notice

tolged (verb) to learn

tolgeda (adjective or noun) learning

tolgedai (noun) person who learns at the direction of another, pupil, student

tolgeg (verb) to teach

tolgega (adjective or noun) teaching

tolgegai (noun) teacher

tolgejrada (noun) school for children and/or adolescents

tolgekaavaag (noun) epistemology, philosophy of knowledge

tolgekaavaagai (noun) epistemologist, philosopher specializing in epistemological theory

tolgesh (verb) to study

tolgesha (adjective or noun) studying

tolgeshai (noun) one who learns by studying but not necessarily at another's direction, scholar

tolgeshdara (noun) academy, college, university

tolug (verb) to be informed, to know

tomlen (verb) to kill, to murder

tomlena (adjective) killed, murdered

tomlenai (noun) killer, murderer

tomlenra (noun) killing, murder

ton (verb) to give tona (noun) contribution, donation, gift, offering
 * adra toniis emai adraluu rekaa - he will cure/heal/nurse his friend
 * ton orpelmekra - to discriminate [lit.: to give discrimination]
 * ton puuza - to bore [lit.: to give boredom]
 * ton tilna - to frighten, to give fear
 * ton ubrosh - to submit [lit.: to give control]

tonai (noun) contributor, donor, giver

tonjred (noun) species of large herbivorous lizard domesticated for its meat

tonosh (verb) to bring

tonreka (adjective) contagious, infectious

tork (verb) to deceive, to lie

torka (adjective) false

torkapal (noun) deception, dishonesty

torkra (adjective) deceptive, dishonest

torkrai (noun) deceiver, liar

torpa (noun) dishonor

torpabra (adjective) dishonorable

toruk (noun) deception, falsehood, lie

Totrana (proper name) planet in Alplaa's solar system at the Lagrangian/librational point on Alplaa's orbit opposite its sun [named after Alplai's great scientist Totran, who first hypothesized its existence due to observations and calculations of the orbits of other bodies; the Alplai terraformed and colonized this planet, and later provided a sector of land for Terran human settlers.]

Totrana'ai (adjective or noun) inhabitant of the planet Totrana; of Totrana

Totranai (adjective or noun) naturalistic ethical philosophy; person who believes in and lives by such a philosophy [Totran, Alplaa's greatest scientist, also developed this philosophy, which is affirmed by many Alplai; it is very similar to "secular humanism" and other related views on Earth]

tovliikra (noun) colander, strainer

t'pola (adjective or noun) neighborhood

trada (noun) pain

tradadiirsa (noun) analgesic, pain reliever

treimriiza (noun) rectum

trepdera (noun) pocket

triikh (noun) atom

triikhiirka (noun) atomic/nuclear energy/power

triikhiirkuundra (noun) atomic/nuclear reactor

troshtakiij (noun) krypton gas

trovla (adjective) rare, scarce, uncommon

trovlanlakiij (noun) xenon gas

trovlashuul (noun) rare earth element [note: Alplai scientific convention identifies each rare earth element (scandium, yttrium, and the elements of the lanthanide series) as trovlashuul followed by its respective atomic number in ordinal form: hence ytterbium is known by the Alplai as trovlashuul sipot'tazluu]

t'siirbadra (noun) district

t'siirdra (noun) region or sector of independent state

tulkaar (verb) to engage in prostitution

tulkra (adjective or noun) prostitution

tulkradra (noun) bordello, brothel

tulkrai (noun) prostitute [see also aafshai]

tuujan (verb) to converse, to discuss, to exchange words

tuujna (adjective or noun) conversation, conversational, conversationally, discussion, exchange of words

tuula (noun) merchandise

tuulara (noun) money

tuularai (noun) cashier, moneyhandler, teller

tuulardra (noun) bank

tuulardrai (noun) banker

tuulbadra (noun) shop, store

tuulboz (verb) to own

tuulbozai (noun) owner

tuulbozra (noun) property

tuulda (noun) purchase

tuuldai (noun) customer, shopper

tuuldara (noun) marketplace, shopping mall

tuuled (verb) to buy, to purchase

tuuleg (verb) to sell

tuulen (verb) to exchange, to trade

tuulga (noun) sale

tuulgai (noun) merchant, salesperson

tuulgejan (verb) to advertise

tuulgejna (adjective or noun) advertisement, advertising

tuulgejnai (noun) advertiser

tuuljuush (noun) merchant cart or stall

tuulna (noun) trade, transaction

tuulnatakra (noun) business/trade agreement/contract

tuulnavaag (noun) economics

tuulnavaagai (noun) economist

tuulraata (noun) nickel-induced contact dermatitis and/or pompholyx [lit.: money-rash; since nickel was often used in old coins, and the Alplai are highly sensitive to this metal, individuals who frequently handled coins developed a characteristic rash; many moneyhandlers wore gloves to protect themselves; see also nijaliir eshdelgajiit]

tuu'on (verb) to pay

tuuna (noun) cost, price

tuur (noun) dust, fine particles

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ubrosh (adjective or noun) control, controlling ubroshigzorsh (noun) trackball [for Alplai computer workstation. lit.: "control sphere"]
 * g'boz ubrosh - to control [lit.: to have control]

udla (preposition) beyond

ugan (verb) to desire, to want
 * ugan ukned - to desire sexual activity

ugna (noun) desire, want

ugneshnai (noun) aspirant to monastic life

ugrona (noun) gender

ujdii (adjective or adverb) appropriate, appropriately, proper, properly

ukenda (adjective or noun) biological sex, sexual, sexuality

ukendakuud (noun) gonads, sex glands

ukendemlara (adjective or noun) sexual preference/orientation

ukendezam (verb) to sexually assault, to commit sexual violence [see also fiiron]

ukendezma (noun) sexual assault, sexual violence [see also fiirna]

ukendishnar (noun) gamete

ukendobrosh (adjective or noun) chaste, chastity, sexual restraint [not necessarily celibacy, which is more accurately pirukendobrosh]

ukendugna (noun) sexual desire

ukned (noun) sexual activity, sexual intercourse uknedelta (noun) sexual lubricant
 * kher ukned - to engage in sexual activity
 * ugan ukned - to desire sexual activity

ukra (noun) pain

ukrukendemlara (adjective or noun) algolagnia, deriving sexual pleasure from pain, sadomasochism, sadomasochistic

ukrukendemlarai (noun) sadomasochist

ulu (conjunction) if

umja (noun) table [furniture]

ungii (adverb) still, yet

unzad (verb) to destroy

unzda (adjective or noun) destruction, destructive

unzdai (noun) destroyer, destructive person

updra (noun) floor in room

updravjra (noun) carpet, rug

utma (adverb, conjunction or determiner) either

utmeilgujnra (noun) dilemma [for idiom, see davna baaj, murkhtosh taaj]

utmishajiitriikh (noun) molecular/polyatomic ion [see also ishajiitriikh and nishajiitriikh]

utmishatriikh (noun) monoatomic ion [see also ishatriikh and nishatriikh]

uzka (adjective, adverb or noun) abhorrence, abhorrent, abhorrently, disgust, disgusted, disgusting, disgustingly, repugnance, repugnant, repugnantly, revulsed, revulsion, revulsive, revulsively uzkai (noun) abhorrent/disgusting/repugnant person
 * g'boz uzka - to be disgusted/revulsed [lit.: to have disgust/revulsion]
 * giron uzka - to disgust, to bring about or cause disgust or revulsion

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uubaal (noun) town

uuj (adjective) east, eastern

uujaaj (adjective) southeast, southeastern

uujaajiil (adjective) south-southeast

uujiilaaj (adjective) east-southeast

uujiilnuj (adjective) east-northeast

uujnuj (adjective) northeast, northeastern

uujnujiil (adjective) north-northeast

uukh! (interjection) blech, exclamation of disgust or revulsion, yuck

uuljotfa (noun) plasma, state of highly charged matter

uuljotfiirkuundra (noun) plasma engine

uuljrhoga (noun) lightning

uulsha (adjective) electrical

uulshakjrakuundra (noun) electric motor

uulshabdra (noun) cable or wire for electricity or electronics

uulshar (verb) to electrify

uulshariirkuundra (noun) electrical generator

uulshariikuundradara (noun) electrical power plant

uulshazrot (noun) electrical field

uulshra (noun) electricity

uumda (adjective or noun) conclusion, end, ending, finish, finishing

uumod (verb) to conclude, to end, to finish uunbosh (verb) to carry
 * p'tema vojna uumodiit - ultimately, when all is said and done [lit.: when dinner is finished; equivalent to "at the end of the day"]

uuntre (noun) low-growing bush native to many areas of Alplaa's continent
 * uuntremetriina - dark blue berries of this bush often used in Alplai cooking and imparting a flavor much like Terran juniper berries

uurja (adjective) close or near in proximity

uurjikashrabjeldra (noun) periapsis, perigee, perihelion

uurjiikh (adjective) closest, nearest

uurjiil (adjective) closer, nearer

uuro (noun) fermented grain beverage, Alplai ale or beer

uushta (adjective) free, independent

uushtagenfreikarai (noun) independent/unaffiliated politician

uushtai (noun) free person, freeholder [somewhat archaic, referring to someone with no obligation of serfdom or indenture]

uushtera (noun) freedom, independence

uuzdla (noun) line

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vaafaa (noun) informal form of "mother" often spoken by children; equivalent to "mama" or "mommy"

vaag (noun) expertise, field of knowledge, science

vaagai (noun) expert, scientist

vaaj (adjective) west, western

vaajaaj (adjective) southwest, southwestern

vaajaajiil (adjective) south-southwest

vaajiilaaj (adjective) west-southwest

vaajiilnuj (adjective) west-northwest

vaajnuj (adjective) northwest, northwestern

vaajnujiil (adjective) north-northwest

vaalzreshodai (title) Special Coordinator [position in Alplai civil service to handle particular issues within a Ministry or Commission, often corresponding to an ombuds]

vaalzrii (adjective, adverb) especially, particular, particularly, special, specific, specifically

vajna (noun) sentence [grammar]

val (preposition) from, of

vegdar (verb) to show religious devotion, to venerate, to worship

vegdra (noun) religious devotion, veneration, worship

vegdraat (noun) organized religious movement vegdrai (noun) devotee, worshipper vegdrajan (verb) to pray
 * vegdraat zu Murai - Murai religious movement
 * vegdrai zu Murai - Murai devotee

vegdrajna (adjective or noun) prayer, prayerful

vegdrazaam (noun) time devoted to worship of one or more deities [distinguished from edrazaam]

vegja (adjective or noun) focus, focused, focusing

vegoj (verb) to focus

vejazal (noun) lens

vekaar (noun) evening

velbaaj (verb) to ascend, to go up, to rise

velbrein (verb) to fall, to tumble

veldafrem (noun) entrance, entryway

veled (verb) to board, to enter, to go into

veleg (verb) to disembark, to exit, to go out of

velgafrem (noun) exit

veltaaj (verb) to descend, to go down

venshon (noun) sleeveless shift or undershirt

veren (verb) to lacerate, to rend, to rip, to tear

verkbejon (verb) to appear, to become visible, to come into view

verkzon (verb) to become

verna (adjective or noun) laceration, rent, rip, ripped, tear, torn

verokh (verb) to begin, to start

verokha (adjective or noun) beginning, start

vesh (adjective) young

vezira (adjective or noun) peace, peaceful

vezrajikolaat (noun) police department [organized along "national" lines] vezrajikolai (noun, title) police officer
 * Vezrajikolaat Aajberaakisiir - police for South Oceanic region
 * Vezrajikolaat Baalti - Baaltisiir police
 * Vezrajikolaat Bashra - Bashrasiir police
 * Vezrajikolaat Ekaamurasiir - police for Great Sea region
 * Vezrajikolaat golhoshaijaat - police for Space Exploration Commission
 * Vezrajikolaat Kiitra - police for Ferjaat Kiitra
 * Vezrajikolaat Konarai - police for Konarai Commonwealth
 * Vezrajikolaat Krishkarha - Krishkarhasiir police
 * Vezrajikolaat Nujberaakisiir - police for North Oceanic region
 * Vezrajikolaat Rekar - police for Rekar settlements
 * Vezrajikolaat Saakh - Saakhsiir police
 * Vezrajokolaat Totrana - Totrana police
 * Vezrajikolaat Uujberaakisiir - police for East Oceanic region
 * Vezrajikolaat Vaajberaakisiir - police for West Oceanic region

vezrajikolavaalzriidraat (noun) Special Division of police responsible for major criminal investigations

vidra (noun) parent

vidrakrai (noun) parent-in-law, parent of one's spouse

viigan (noun) kilt or skirt [among Alplai can be worn by either sex]

viirja (noun) marsupial wolf-like creature native to Alplaa's continent [note: several species and subspecies exist, often named for the various regions they inhabit]

vijor (verb) to cover

vijra (adjective or noun) cover, covered, covering

vipriijor (verb) to apply paint to a surface [contrast with sepriif]

vipriijra (noun) coat of paint on a surface

vipriijrai (noun) person who paints structural/furniture surfaces [contrast with sepriifai]

vitomba (adjective, adverb or noun) sarcasm, sarcastic, sarcastically

vitombai (noun) sarcastic person

v'kershorhog (noun) X-rays [named after V'keraash, the scientish who discovered them]

vojna (noun) dinner
 * p'tema vojna uumodiit - when all is said and done [lit.: when dinner is finished; equivalent to "at the end of the day"]

vorash (verb) to bloom, to blossom, to flower

vorsha (noun) blossom, flower

voshflosna (noun) spring season

voterai (noun) brave/courageous person

votrei (noun) courage vrekai (noun) advocate, spokesperson
 * g'boz votrei (verb) to be brave/courageous, to have courage

vrenga (noun) furniture

vrengapondgai (noun) furniture maker

vroja (adjective or adverb) fast, rapid, rapidly, quick, quickly

vrojosh (verb) to accelerate

vrokaj (verb) to run

vrokja (adjective or noun) run, running

vrokjai (noun) runner

vruzga (adjective or adverb) sudden, suddenly

vuuta (noun) drop of liquid

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zaajkeiza (noun) crossbow

zaakh (verb) to wake

zaakha (adjective) alert, awake

zaakhda (noun) alertness, wakefulness

zaalna (adjective or noun) connected, connecting, connection, link, linkage

zaalnazrot (noun) network

zaalon (verb) to link, to connect

zaam (adjective or noun) time

zaamkuundra (noun) chronometer, clock, large timepiece

zaf (verb) to gather

zafaat (noun) gathering, group

zaibiir (noun) an Alplai fruit indigenous to the Kiitra and southern Konarai regions [note: there are a wide variety of this fruit, resembling Terran apples and/or pears]

Zaikhuum (noun) class of space shuttle capable of carrying up to twelve passengers [named after mythological bird]

zain (adjective) sweet in flavor

zainra (noun) glucose, sugar

zainradnireka (noun) diabetes

zaintigosh (noun) candy, sweets

zajar (verb) to stabilize

zajra (adjective) stable

zajrada (noun) stability

zalpa (noun) broth

zamei (noun) unit of time measurement equal to 1 hour 9 minutes 0.625 seconds; a zamei is divided into fifty megzamei, and a megzamei is divided into fifty enzamei.

zarena (noun) applause [the Alplai applaud by slapping an open palm to a thigh] z'dem (verb) to use, to make use of, to put to use
 * ton zarena - to applaud, to give applause

zedmeg (verb) to be used, to be put to use

zedmra (adjective or noun) use, useful, usefulness

zegarbesh (noun) species of large ocean fish bred and harvested for its flesh

zegma (noun) beak

zeish (noun) bottle

zejed (noun) boot [specifically the Alplai "stocking-boot"]
 * zejed terai - refers to heavy laced boots issued to Terran colonists which many continued to wear

zerfaad (adjective) optimal

zidra (noun) nephew or niece, sibling's child

ziibog (verb) to soak food in beverage or broth and consume [common way for Alplai to take in liquids]

ziirb (adjective) rough in texture

zodjle (noun) tin [metal element]

zofii (noun) vegetable, edible plant matter other than fruit

zogda (adjective or adverb) effective, effectively, effectual, effectually, potent, potently, powerful, powerfully, strong, strongly [distinguished from profna = physically strong]

zogdara (noun) effectiveness, potency, power, strength [distinguished from profnara = physical strength]

zogdatradiirsa (noun) local anaesthetic, narcotic pain medication

zogdopfon (adjective or noun) intense emotion/feeling, passion, passionate
 * g'boz zogdopfon - to be intensely emotional or passionate [lit.: to have intense emotion or passion]

zojav (verb) to civilize

zojva (adjective) civilized, cultured

zojvada (noun) civilization, culture

zokh (noun) individual, person

zokha (adjective) individual, personal, self

zokhahetla (noun) identity card

zokhaizna (noun) jewelry, personal adornment

zokha'ukned (noun) masturbation

zokha'unzda (adjective) self-destructive

zolshna (noun) apartment, suite of rooms

zomja (noun) message

zomjatraat (noun) courier or postal service

zomjatrada (noun) courier or postal office

zomjatrai (noun) courier, messenger, postal delivery person

zomjed (verb) to receive message

zomjeg (verb) to send or transmit message

zon (verb) to be

zorash (noun) sun

zorhka (adjective) true

zorhkajan (verb) to speak the truth, to testify

zorhkajna (noun) affidavit, testimony, truthful statement

zorhkajnai (noun) person testifying in a trial or hearing, witness

zorhuk (noun) truth

zorshakiij (noun) helium

zorshbaaj (noun) dawn, sunrise

zorshrhaag (noun) sunlight, sunshine

zorshtaaj (noun) dusk, sunset

zorshuuzdla (noun) horizon

zot (number) six

zra (pronoun) you [plural]

zrhaka (adjective) honest

zrhakai (noun) honest person

zrhakapal (noun) honesty

zrhopa (noun) honor zrhopabra (adjective) honorable
 * zrhopa en nonsha - an honor and a pleasure [courteous response on being introduced to someone]

zrhopai (noun) honorable person, person of honor

zrhopatkar (verb) to swear/take an oath

zropatkra (noun) oath

zrhopojdra (adjective or noun) good sportsmanship, sporting, sportsmanlike, good sportsmanship

zrhopojdrai (noun) good sportsperson, person who adheres to ethical/honorable conduct in a game/sport

zrodavaag (noun) physics

zrodavaagai (noun) physicist

zrojla (adjective) gold color

zrojuul (noun) gold metal

zu (preposition) for
 * zu shra, emai - dear friend [salutation for a letter; lit: for you, friend; the last word may also be replaced by adarja/avarja/azarja (sir/madam) or the addressee's name]

zuzaam (preposition) during

Baija
filotgrafje! (exclamation) By the four gods of creation!

Konarai
amtagla (interjection) thank you, thanks [said for something done on one's behalf]

aparalama (noun) herb used to create hypnotic/sedative drug [see Kiitra term eksparda Ajamaraluu above]

Jalakadad Kanara (noun) Konarai Commonwealth [democratic government for the Konarai regions of Alplaa's continent, one of the independent states comprising the Concordance of Alplaa]

matashna (interjection) thank you, thanks [said for something beneficent said]

matraja (interjection) thank you, thanks [said for something given]

Krishkarha
jokhrha (noun) joyous defiance in the face of adversity [considered the opposite of anger or rage]

mer karha! (exclamation) my courage! my heart! [in Krishkarha culture, the heart is the center of courage]

shorta (noun) human spirits [Krishkarha mythology holds that each person is inhabited by many shorta; Terrans would find this parallels the Jungian concept of personae]

Saakh
aakhlirhas - emperor

lamikorda - unexpected but welcome visitor [word was used as the name for the United Nations Interstellar Ark when it was first assumed to be an asteroid; later used as a synonym for terai or "human"]

p'zakh! - interjection expressing frustration [equivalent to "By God!" or "Damn it!"]