Naqhamat

General information
Naqhan language is a language spoken in the mountainous Eastern territory of Arga bordering the North Etexum.

Alphabet
The Cyrillic and Latin scripts can be used for transliteration.

Nouns and verbs
Nouns in Naqhamat have 4 classes. Example verb "ana", "live": The verb "live" can also be expressed by the verb "anak' a", "to be living" Naqhan is an agglunative language. For example naqhamat' (Naqan language) consists of the root -naq- (people), construct suffix -a-, and the root mat' (language). The noun c'x'ap'q (child) is formed of the root -c'x'- (man) and the root -ap'q- (small). Verbs can also be agglunated, for example vtaqhaq'aeno (he lives well) is formed of the class prefix v- (masculine), root -taqh- (good), suffix -aq'- (adverb marker), umlauted root -aen- (live), and the -o ending. The similar phrases can be said as zac'x'ab taqhaq'aeno (this man lives well), taqhanuh'an vo (his life is good), zac'x'oh'anuh'ab taqh vo (this man's life is good) vtaqhaq'anak' vo (he is living well), or zac'x'ab taqhaq'anak' vo (this man is living well). Now we'll analyze some of those examples.

Case system
The Naqhan language has 7 cases: absolutive, ergative, instrumental, dative, partitive, abessive, vocative. The ergative case can be used for both transitive and intransitive verbs.

The accusative case is used for past constructions. For example, the sentence C'x'ab bark' xmaza means "Man eats an apple", with c'x'a (man) in ergative case and bark' (apple) in absolutive. But "Man ate an apple" can be translated as C'x'a bark'an xmazad (absolutive-accusative), C'x'ab bark'an xmazad (tripartite), or C'x'ab bark' xmazad (ergative-absolutive).

Plural inflection
Plural inflection differs from singular.

Construct state
The construct state is expressed by adding the -a- suffix to the owner noun and prefixing it to the possessed noun.

If the owner noun's last sound is q, it is aspirated.

If the owner noun's last sound is qh, it loses its aspiration.

If the possessed noun's beginning sound is a vowel, the suffix is -ah'-

If the owner noun's last sound is a vowel, the suffix is -h'a-.

If the suffix is placed between two vowels, it becomes -h'ah'-.

Possession
c'x'afi - my man

c'x'afa - your man

c'x'afo - his man

c'x'afu - his man

c'x'aha - our man

c'x'afta - your man

c'x'afka - their man

c'x'afe - their man

Definite article
The definite article is expressed by the prefix ba-: c'x'a - bac'x'a, pal - bapal, mat' - bamat'.

Postpositions
There is no locative case in Naqhan. There are postpositions instead. They are suffixed