Modern Yorshaan

Modern Yorshaan, on contrary of Early Modern Yorshaan, is more simplified and more influenced by Romance language (including Atramia).

Alphabet
The alphabet has decreased by 2 letters. The Æ and Œ has now disappeared.

Consonants
Traditionally the consonants of Yorshaan consist of two groups: front and back consonants. The border is set between alveolar and postalveolar consonants. Learning whether a sound is "front" is critical for learning Yorshaan nouns.
 * 1) See the next section.
 * 2) /m/ becomes /ɱ/ before f or v.

Varients of T Sound
There were once at most 5 varients of the alveolar plosive in EModY: /t̪/, /t̻/, /tʲ/, /tʷ/, and /tˤ/. In Modern Yorshaan, some of them has merged with others or been left out. Only palatalized varient is preserved.

Semivowels
Developed from reduced vowels or other semivowels, semivowels exist in Modern Yorshaan. There are two semivowels: /ɥ/ and /j/.

Interrogative and Relative (Adverb)
The relative pronouns of Modern Yorshaan has been merged with interrogative ones. Hence the rules for relative clauses is different from Early Modern Yorshaan.

Indefinite
Some of the pronouns are inherited from Classical Yorshaan, whereas some are borrowed from Atramia, such as the one referring to exclusive things altrene (altrè'n in Atramia), indicating negative existense necu (necuei in Atramia), and meaning distributive things shalu (šalei in Atramia).

Demonstrative
All the determiners are all put behind the modified noun.
 * Shelaa grayosh mabe ri melet moie. (Please send this letter to that girl.)

Possessive
Possessive determiners in Yorshaan is realized by the genetive case. Like most adjectives in Yorshaan, there determiners must be behind the modified nouns. A noun in genetive case can also be modified by another noun also in genetive case. In this case, it's the original form of the previous noun being modified.
 * Mi pocte nadaven muli ic. (The birthday of my daughter.)(muli modifies pocte nadaven and simultaneously is modified by ic.)

Nouns
Nouns in Modern Yorshaan are now of three categories: group I, group II, and proper nouns.

Group I
Group I consists of countable nouns. Under normal circumstances, nouns of Yorshaan doesn't require an article. But it is necessary for an ablative noun since the singular and plural form share the same writting.
 * (From the man we gained some information.)
 * (From the folks we gained some information.)

Group II
Verbs of group II are all uncountable.

Names
Names in Modern Yorshaan does decline as group II nouns. However, the vocative case is reserved. Take Milyana for example:
 * Milyana! (vocative)
 * Cu Milyanu mimei. (I love Milyana.)(absolutive)
 * Co Milyanim mime. (Milyana loves me.)(ergative)
 * Gruyaa ri mabe Milyanen. (Give this letter to Milyana.)(dative)

To Become Verbs
Nouns can be converted into verbs by attaching the suffix -ashem and therefore follow the strong verb conjugation. This feature is inherited from the instrument case.
 * ucetsu (loyality)
 * Ci ucetsashie! (Be loyal to me!)

Compound Noun
A compound noun is formed by adding the genetive form of a nou in front of another noun. Thus, the order of the words is different from merely using an adjective (genetive form) modifying the noun.
 * omivyole (The Era of Darkness)
 * vyole omi (dark era)

Strong Verb (-a-em Verb)
The strong verbs change their stem vowel (of the last of the word) in only one way: -a- for present, -i- for past, and -ai- for future.

Modal Verbs
The conjugation of Yorshaan verbs has been simplified; however,  the modal verbs are also introduced. These verbs, including umbam (subjunctive), shyam (optative), omam (inchaotive), are all weak verbs and can only follow verbs in irrealis form. For example:
 * Ou nacre. (I cry) → Ou nacrosh shye. (I want to cry)

Participles in Modern Yorshaan
There are two properties of a participle in Modern Yorshaan: tense and voice.

1) Modifying a Noun
Participles can play a role as an adjective and taking another nouns as arguments at the same time.
 * none mi farise (the burning world)
 * none mi farim (the burned world)
 * mabe mi fawen u (the letter stolen by him)

2) To Form the Perfect
Forms in perfect compuond were actually a combination of the verb and yog in early modern Yorshaan. In Modern Yorshaan, however, the method is different. Two verbs, yon and seron, has been introduced to form the perfect. In most cases, intransitive verbs use the verb seron.
 * Cu alise iy jasu. (I have drunk water.)
 * E nacrim sera. (She has cried.)

3) Adverbal Form
Participles can alse been regarded as the "adverbal form" of verbs and have a variety of usages:
 * a) To modify the sentense. (Only passive available.)
 * b) Dangling perticiple.
 * c) Genetive absolute.

Adjective
Adjectives were "the form of the nouns that modify other nouns", but are isolated in ModY. Take a look at the differences: In EModY, "an adjunt in dative case" was "an adjunt meaning something dative", like bina "kingdom" → biner "for a/the/some kingdom(s)". Such usage was ambiguous, though, and had been mistaken for "changes to its dative form when modifying a dative noun." We can learn from the table above that not all specific case of adjectives are inherented from EModY. A possible reason is that some forms are actually "the result of the stem following the first or second declension in EModY, and the -um affix dropped.".

Example
Siy shulaa, Lafrente. (Sil shalhaha, Lafrente.)

Don't forget it, Lafrente.

Ilado ne mi hesluyewe, iu jate hamebeuzise yei seuwa. (Iliaduan mei helsluyevhai, ur jate hahamescei siewa.)

If the candle goes out, a river that can't be crossed will apear.

Pro siy du shoye ic yun shyei?

''Don't you want to be my friend? (Tu ne voudrais pas devenir mon amie?)''

Agnus Dei
Remeu Ayi, prosem-ihada sima cradis, yamaa ed!

Lamb of God, who take away sins of people, have mercy on us!

Remeu Ayi, prosem-ihada sima cradis, yamaa ed!

Lamb of God, who take away sins of people, have mercy on us!

Remeu Ayi, prosem-ihada sima cradis, gruyaa ed zyoze!

Lamb of God, who take away sins of people, grant us peace!

Traditional Rain Enchantment
Brocis! Aye alvis! Deze sadi coral; jate coni sipal ye!

''O Brocis! The lord of rain! The lake of the heaven is full, yet the river on the ground has been dry!''

Do cradit osumil shye; du en azyil jasu trinis deni id shye!

(We Yorshaan) people would entertain you (so that) you would share the precious water of your lake with us!

Encru saden moujis al, Nanadyim moi faugit palos! Unu ri oy!

''Encris* is in the west sky, Nanadye** is hitting the drums! It's time!''

*In Yorshaan mythology, Encris is an one-legged enormous bird and believed to appear in the sky where the raining cloud is coming.

**Nanadye is often considered the lord of thunder. The thunder is symbolized as drums.