Dongbuzenytihach

Dongbuzenytihach is the language spoken in the Dongbuzenytihav, an ocean located on the planet Baltus. The primary speakers are Encephalopods, inhabitants of the planet.

Classification
Dongbuzenytihach is one of the East Kifekutulan languages, a relatively large language family native to Baltus. Other languages of this family include Kifekutuleshi and Razimgopyts, as well as the extinct language of Banlokame.

Consonants
There is an undefined sound that is most similar to the "sj-sound" and is commonly considered a co-articulated [x] and [ɕ]. It is a relatively rare sound in the language.

/j/, /t͡s/ and /d͡z/ are only seen in loanwords from nearby languages which have these sounds.

Writing system
Dongbuzenytihach, like many other Encephalopod languages, use a sophisticated combining script, referred outside of the planet as "Encephalopod script".

Glyphs


To transcribe loanwords with /ts/ and /dz/, one takes the glyphs for /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ respectively, and adds a vertical stroke in the middle of the glyph.

Phonotactics
Thanks to the null glyphs, the phonotactics are slightly more variable than the script could suggest. Some of the most common formations include (CV)CVCV and CV(C)CV. The loanwords in the language can include a /j/.

Sound Changes

 * /ɤ/ becomes [o] after /w/.
 * /k/, /g/, /x/, /ŋ/ shift to [c], [ɟ], [ç], [ɲ] respectively before /i/, /y/.
 * /ɹ/, /ʟ/ become [j], [ʎ] respectively before /i/, /y/.
 * /i/, /y/ shift to [ɨ], [ʉ] after /w/.
 * /i/,/y/ also shift to [ɪ], [ʏ] after /s/, /z/.
 * In many positions, /ʟ/ is realized as [ɫ].

Grammar
Dongbuzenytihach grammar is relatively complex, as the language is fusional.

Verbs
Verbs conjugate according to mood, tense, person, number and aspect. Each verb can have one of two endings, -oti and -iti. The vowels in the conjugation depend on the infinitive form's suffix and ending.  is often substituted by , while  is replaced by  in the same positions. Verbs have an indicative mood with present, past and future tense, the latter two of which can have a perfective and an imperfective form, an interrogative mood, an imperative mood and a subjunctive mood with present, past and future tense. Verbs can also be negated by adding the prefix ćô- if the verbs starts with a consonant, and ćôd- if the verb starts with a vowel.

The short verb oti (to be) has an own conjugation, although it mostly follows the conjugation pattern of -oti verbs. Oti has an archaic form that is ogoti, which reflects most changes in the conjugation.

Nouns
Nouns can have three suffixes: -a, -e, and -o. Their plural form is -ä, -ô and -u, respectively.To create a possessive noun, one replaces the final suffix with itself preceeded by -äh-. These can be interpreted as adjectives. Both nouns and pronouns lack cases.

Adjectives
Adjectives form the same declension pattern as their respective nouns. The following table declines the root "wiśos-", "slimy". Adjectives are post-nominal, meaning that they come after the noun they are referring to. Possessives are treated as adjectives as well, as such they are declined identically to the adjective in the table.

Articles
There are no indeterminative articles. Determinative articles have 6 forms, depending on the noun referred to, and come before the referred-to noun.

Adpositions
Adpositions in Dongbuzenytihach are prepositions, since the language is majorly head-initial. Some prepositions include: ćo/ću (to), nge/ngô (from), ze/zô (of), tha/thä (because of) and po/pu (by, using). Historically, these prepositions were prefixes, but they slowly started to detach and transformed into separate particles.

Word order
The word order is commonly SVO. Absence of cases makes this rule relatively strict.

Interrogative particles
Dongbuzenytihach uses interrogative particles to denote quesitons. One such particle is ka, which is used to confirm a statement. If the statement is agreed upon, the listener responds "ka" as well, while in the opposite case, the listener responds "će", which assumes the value of "no", or negation.

Another particle is a, which is used after information-seeking questions.

Lexicon
See Dongbuzenytihach/Vocabulary.