Galeiga

Proto Gallaic: Galaeca tangua sena inda Galaecia eni Toute-uφos Ibereaca esi, auuotita inte nouion to dumnon nouion indos cantaiestos uiconti oinos.

Old Gallaic: Galeca tangua sena inda Galecia eni Tode-ufo Ibereaca esi, auodita inde noion to duunon nouion indos cantaistos ficonti oinos.

Middle Gallaic: Galega tanga sena ina Galegia ene /d/Toðe-fo Iberega ese, auðeda in noio do ðuunu noio inu gandaisu figond oin.

Neo-Gallaic: Gálega tanga sena ína Galeia en Duzefó Ibérega es, auzda ín noiu dó dúnu noiu ín gandais fígon óen.

"Neo-Gallaic is the old language of Gallaecia in Northwestern Iberia, made anew for the new world of the twenty-first century".  Gálega is the revived form of the Celtic language of Northwestern Iberia. The vocabulary of Gálega is solely Celtic with Ibero-Basque loans and a few exceptions for Latin, Gothic and Arabic via the Ibero-Romance languages. Many Celtic words survive to this day in Galician and Portuguese, which have been incorporated into the language. There are also loans from Gaulish, Brythonic (Galicia was colonized by Britons during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain) or directly from primitive Irish/Gaelic words that can be traced back to proto Celtic. "Duza éshon tanga duza éshon alma es"; "a people without a language is a people without a soul". Gálega is that old soul of Gallaecia.

Neo-Gallaic on Facebook:

https://www.facebook.com/neogallaic/



-Name-
Gálega: Gála+ega

(Gallaeci) Galla (Calla, C could also be G in Latin) from proto-Celtic "Gala-" (power, strength, force) plus "-ico"/"-eco", an Iberian Celtic suffix used to indicate possession or belonging. So, Gallaeci, Galla-eci (plural), Galla-ecos/eca (singular). Their name could mean something like, "Strong people" or "People of power". -Phonology-

all vowels (a,e,i,o,u) are pronounced much the same as they would be in Portuguese, stressed vowels (á,é,í,ó,ú) are enlongated and take the word stress

s - /s/ & /z/ and /ʃ/ or /ʒ/ before a consonant and at the end of a word

ll - /lj/ (pronounced like the Portuguese "lh")

c - /k/

g - /g/

x - /ʃ/

h - /x/

z – /ð/

in(vowel) - "iñ_" (Ína is pronounced "Íña", Camínu is "Camíñu" )

en(vowel) - "eñ_" (Éne is pronounced "Éñe", Bena is "Beña" )

-Lenition and Compound Words-
Lenition in Gallaic is purely hypothetical and has been applied here in a similar way it has been in Modern Gaulish (Galáthach hAthéviu), there being some evidence for it in the continental Celtic tongues. Lenition in Gallaic is limited to genitive lenition of the initial consonant of words proceeding a possessive pronoun, a mutation of the initial letter of the second word in compound words and when a personal pronoun is attached to a preposition.

Initial Consonant Mutation Pairs

s>x

b>m

c>g

g>h

d>z

t>d

l>ll

m>v

n>ñ

Possessive Lention

Senvadra - grandmother (sen+madra) > Moa xenvadra - my grandmother

Cú - dog > Tou gú - your dog

Téu - house > Nou déu - our house

Compound Lenition (Adjectives and describing nouns precede nouns in compound words)

Curmadéu - Curma + Téu (Tavern, "beer house")

Amalgurma - Amal + Curma (Cider, "apple beer")

Tinzouru - Tin + Douru (Liquor/Spirits, "firewater")

Fínugara - Fínu + Cara (Grape, "wineberry")

Engen - En + Cen (Brain, "in head")

This also applies to the plural form of body parts that come in pairs:

Ear: Clusta - Doaglusta

Hand: Lama – Doallama

Arm: Braga – Doamraga

Leg: Gar – Doahar

Foot: Tróuz – Doudróuz

Eye: Ogu - Douogu

Personal Pronouns attached to a Preposition

Slán adu! - Hello (Health at you) *Adu (a+tu), "at you"

Dor avi tá - Sorry (there is pain at me) *Avi (a+mi), "at me"

-Interrogatives-
  Có? – Where

Cad? – What?

Can? – When?

Cé? – Who?

Cad camín? – How? (What path/way)

Cede – How many?

Cadó? – Why? (what for)

Cad Fáz? – Why? (what reason)

Cad óar es? – What time?

-Pronouns-
I: Mi

You: Tu

He: E

She: Si

It: Í

Y’all: Sus

We: Nin

They: Sis

My: Mou/Moa

Your: Tou/Toa

Y’all’s: Sou/Soa

Our: Nou/Noa

Their: Siu/Siua

Pronouns Attached to Prepositions

A (at/towards)

Avi - At me

Adu - At you

Azé - At him

Axi - At her

Azíz - At it

Axus - At y'all

Añin - At us

Axis - At them

Dó (to/for)

Dovi - To/for me

Dodu - To/for you

Gon (with)

Govi - With me

Godu - With you

En (in)

Envi - In me

Endu - In you

-Articles-

The: Ín – Ína

This: Sú

That: Sin

These: Soi

Those: Sindu

Here: Ansú

There: Ansin

-Prepositions-
Again: Adé

Out/from: És

Over (great): Or (uor)

Top: Bar

Bottom/bum: Bunda

* superlative*: -om

* diminutive*: -el/ela

* augmentative*: -ún/úna

Between: Endra (entara)

Up: Os (Osom highest)

In: En

On: Or

Around: Om

At/towards: Az

To/For: Dó

With: Gon

If: Ma

Beyond (But): Édra

Also: Agu (c.i. Auku)

Too (also): Coadaida:

Under: Fú (c.i. uɸo)

Before: Gina

After: Eru (eɸiro-)

Next: Segaida

As: Sese (p.c. sweswe)

More: Barraida

Less: Bundaida'' ''

-Am- (Time)
Second: Segundu

Minute: Minutu

Hour: Óar - Óaran

Week:  Sedañoid- Sedañoidan

Month: Mínsa – Mínsnan

Year: Blen – Bledna

Day: Diu – Diun

Today: Endiu

Tomorrow: Amárea (o.g. A-bárega)

Tonight: Enoid

Yesterday: Dís

Now: Nú

Morning: Bárea - Bárean

Night: Noid - Noidan

Evening: Adage - Adaga

Midnight: Mezañoid

Lé ín souel: Sunset

Éne ín souel: Sunrise

 

-Ríman- (Numbers)
1: óen/óena

2: dou/doa

3: trís

4: cedru

5: coing

6: sés

7: seda

8: od

9: nova

10: dega

11: óendega

12: doudega

13: trísdega

14: cedrudega

15: coingdega

16: sésdega

17: sézadega

18: óuzdega

19: navadega

20: fígon

30: fígon dega

40: doufígon

50: doufígon dega

60: trífígon

70: trífígon dega

80: cedrufígon

90: cedrufígon dega

100: can

1,000: míl

1,000,000: millún

-Grammar-
The sentence struture of Gálega is SOV, except in questions or negations, in which case it changes to VSO

'''-Questions-   ''' The sentence structure becomes VSO. Questions are asked by beginning the question with the verb after the interrogative.

Cadó taí(tu) ínsú? (Why are you here?)

Cede blen tá adu? (How old are you?) *How many year(s) do you have?*

''There is no word for “yes”. Instead, the verb is repeated back in affirmation. “Ní” is “no/not”.''

“Ezemuiai az ín curmadéu amárea?” (Will we eat at the pub tomorrow?)

“Ezemuiai”/”Ní ezemuiai” (We will *eat*/We won't *eat*)

'''

 -Negations-'''

“Ní” precedes verbs to make negations. The normal SOV changes to VSO.

Ní tá avi curma. (I don’t have beer)

-Simple Past-

The simple past is indicated with the preverbial marker "ru-".

Cogumi = I cook

Rucogumi = I cooked

Dís ruezumi cíga durgu ega ruívumi amalgurma = Yesterday I ate boar meat and I drank cider

ru+ezu+mi (I ate) and ru+ívu+mi (I drank)

-Future-

The future tense is indicated with the suffix "-iai".

Lavrumi = I speak

Lavruiaimi = I will speak

Amárea téduiaimi az ín curmadéu = Tomorrow I will go to the tavern

-Possession-

The noun being possessed precedes the possessor, if the possessor is a human or animal, "-s" attached as a suffix. If the possessor is an object or place, "-ega" is used.

Ín gatu mou garands ven es - My friend’s cat is white *Male friend* (carand+s)

Ína camixa moa vazras noia es – My mother’s shirt is new (mazra+s)

Sú amal moa xoisras es – This is my sister’s apple (sesra+s)

Ína dura téuega - The door of the house (téu+ega)

-Phrases-

Hello: Slán adu! *health to you* (to one person)

Hello: Slán áxus (more than one person)

Hello: Olá

Hey: Oi

Goodbye: Saz adu/ásus *peace to you*

Bárea maza – Good morning

Diu maz – Good day

Adag maza – Good evening

Noid maza – Good night

Please: Ma maz godu/goxus tá (If it's good with you)

Thanks: Sin maz bá (this was good)

Thanks (a lot): Sin maz dovi bá (this was good for me)

Thank you: Sin maz adu bá (this was good at you, *this was kind of you*)

You're welcome: Nígoade es (it’s nothing)

Sorry: Dor avi tá (there is pain at me)

Gálegu/a esu (mi) - I am Gallaic

Éis Haleia esu (mi) - I am from Gallaecia

Gálega Lávru (mi) – I speak Gallaic

Ní lavru (mi) Gálega - I don't speak Gallaic

Gálega biu tá – Gallaic is alive

A lavru táu (mi) – I am speaking

Taí a lavraí (tu)? – Are you speaking?

Moa alme...es – My name is...

Drui esumi, moa gamín Druizaida es – I am a druid, my path is Druidry

Gara avi dodu tá – I love you

Tu garu (mi) - I love you

Examples
"Ul duña riu ega couínon gon díñas ega redua énen. Axis mendaida ega coufez dadu es ega dó’n maz dó óen az alu en alma bradreaidaga ñemen".

''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''

"Súer éis duza ria esumi" - Dúnurí

"I am a free man from a free people" - Dumnorix

"Ín ulzúnu mou zeu es, ombíod moa gredíma es, Díara mou ñemezún es."

The universe is my god, nature is my faith, the Earth is my temple.

"Sese or, sese sú fú; sese endar, sese sú és"

As above, so below; as within, so without.

"En sé gála maga es"

In silence there is great power

"Cazufer ega selgamen a curmadéu rucáminan. Allan curma rudéun ega cíga maza ruezen".

''A warrior and a huntress walked to a tavern. They drank a lot of beer and ate good meat.''

Verb conjugations: Present, Past, Future, Conditional
-Gara- Love (present)

Garu mi - I love

Garaí tu – You love

Garaide sus – Y’all love

Garamu nin – We love

Gará e – He loves

Gará si – She loves

Garan sis – They love

(Past)

Rugaru mi - I loved

Rugaraí tu

Rugaraide sus

Rugaramu nin

Rugará e

Rugará si

Rugaran sis

(Future)

Garuiai mi - I will love

Garaíai tu

Garaideiai sus

Garamuiai nin

Garáiai e

Garáiai si

Garaniai sis

(Conditional)

Rugaruiai mi - I would love

Rugaraíai tu

Rugaraideiai sus

Rugaramuiai nin

Rugaráiai e

Rugaráiai si

Rugaran sis

All personal pronoun suffixes are optional, or are used for emphatic effect. Instead of saying, "Curma garumi", you can simply say, "Curma garu".

Verb to be "Bíz" (impermanent) - "Senu táu" (I'm old)

Táu - I am

Taí – You are

Táide – Y’all are

Támu – We are

Táe – He is

Tási – She is

Tán – They are

Verb to be (permament) - "Feru esu" (I'm a man)

Esu - I am

Esí - You are

Eside - Y'all are

Esmu - We are

Ese - He is

Essi - She is

Esan - They are

Bia ega Íva (Food and Drink)
To Drink (alcohol): Déu (p.c. Degu-)

To Drink: Íve

To Eat: Eze (ede)

To Make: Ou (p.c. auo-)

To Cook: Coge

Apple: Amal

Water: Douru (p.c. dubro-)

Cider: Amalgurma (p.c. abalocurmi, "apple beer")

Cider: Sidra

Mead: Meiz (Mezu-, mezucenos - MEDVGENVS < *medhu)

Beer: Curma

Ale: Alu

Lager (light beer): Cervexa (Gl. via Lt. "Cervesia")

Wine: Fínu

Liquor: Tinzouru (Firewater)

Honey: Meli

Berry: Cara

Grape: Fínugara (Wineberry)

Meat: Cíga

Seed: Silu (c.i. *silon "seed"

Bread: Aran

Wheat: Venez

Milk: Laid (p.c. laxto-)

Cheese: Ces (pt. queijo/sp. queso)

Soup: Couxala (con+sala)/Sopa

Herb: Lú (p.c. *lubjo-)

Pepper: Pivra/Tinllú (Fire herb)

Salt: Sala

Spice: Ispexaria (pt. Especiaria)

Coffee: Café

-Basic Verbs-
…ésvi tá – I want… ("...is away from me")

…ávi tá – I have… ( "...is at me") *used for general possession

…govi tá – I have… (“…is with me) *used for close or personal possession

Go: Téd

Come: Téid

Walk: Came

Step/March: Cinge

Go: Ginge

 Run: Raz

Speak: Lavra Sing: Cana

Breathe: Ana

Hear: Clusa

See: Derga

* Ru- -- preverbial particle (past)

Sang - Rucan

I spoke - Rulavru mi

I will speak - Lavruiai mi

Believe: Cré (p.c. kred-)

Think: Mene

Know: Fé (p.c. weid-)

Remember: Gume

Forget: Anhume (an+gume)

Make/Do: Ou (gl. auot-)

Touch: Táze

Give: Da

Take: Gave

Follow: Sege

Lead: Cene

Agasalla: Cover up (Latin *ad-gasaliare, from Visigothic *gasalja)

Be born: Éne (*Éndu bíz)

Connect: Coudáze (Coudáz "connection")

Smoke: Ismug

Dream: Asuñe

Sleep: Suñe

Hug: Abrage

Hug tight: Agarre

Turn on (lights): Ou í cañu ("Make it bright")

Turn off (lights): Ou í demen ("Make it dark")

Turn on (sound): Ou í arzu ("Make it loud/high)"

Turn off (sound): Ou í sez ("Make it quiet/peaceful")

-Milua- (Animals)
Dog: Cú - Cún

Warhound: Árgu - Árgun Wolf: Blez - Blezda

Bear: Ard - Arda

Cat: Gatu – Gatua

Horse: Ega - Egan

Goat: Gabru - Gabrun

Bull: Tarvu - Tarvun

Falcon: Alcu - Alcua

Raven: Bozu - Bozua

Crow: Grou - Groua

Claw/Talon: Garra

Boar: Durgu - Durgua

Pig: Org – Orí

Tooth: Dan - Danta

Tree: Cran – Craña

Flower: Blaza - Blazaí

Leaf: Dula - Dulan

Fish: Esga - Esgan

Rabbit: Coellu - Coellua (c.i. coelio)

Frog: Sapu - Sapua

Snake: Nadra - Nadran

Bird: Eznu - Eznua

Goose: Gíurra - Gíurran (Gigurri, Asturian people, Pliny NH, III, 28)

Feather - Éla (p.c. edel-)

Feather - Bluma

Horn: Carn - Carna

Horn: Ázar - Ázara (bsq. Adar, ir. Adharc)

Dragon: Dragún - Dragúna

Unicorn: Oncarn - Oncarna

Wool: Ulan

-Tírru ega Mor (Land and Sea)
Earth – Díara

Sun: Souel (sauelos>souelos>souelu>souel)

Moon: Lugra

Hill: Bría (briga) – Brií

Mountain: Carná - Carnái

Snow: Isneaida

Light Snow (falling): Neve

Ice: Xái (p.c. iagi)

River: Amona (Abona)

Sea: Mor

Ocean: Magamor (big sea)

Bay: Morcambu (sea bend) and Bái (bsq.)

Island: Enis

-Objects, Environment, Places, etc.-
Book: Livru - Livrua

Church: Igrexa - Igrexan

Wheel: Roda - Rodan

Woven basket: Gís (p.c. kistā)

Kilt: Sái (sagia) - Saí

Skirt: Sáia (sagia) - Sáian

Shirt: Camixa - Camixan (gl. via lt. Camisia)

Bed: Cama– Caman

House: Téu – Teí

Home: Trema (c.i. Treba)

Door: Dura - Duran

Gate: Magadura (big door)

City: Gorta - Gortan (c.i. korta)

Neighborhood: coudrema (con+trema)

Lake: Logu – Loi

Bridge: Breva - Brevan (c.i breua/p.c. brīwā)

Land/Ground: Tírru – Tirrua

Field: Lana (p.c. landa)

Bay: Bái - Báia *Ibr.Bsq.

Landslide/Avalanche: Lurte *bsq.

Wood: Fí - Fíza

Forest: Caida - Caidan

Flower: Blaza - Blazan

Tree: Cran - Craña

Sky/Heaven: Nemu

Wind: Ouellu (c.i. auilio-)

Lightning: Lugeg

Thunder: Taran (p.c. *tarano-)

Grass: Faltula (faltu+dula)

Rock: Cloga - Clogan

Person: Dun

People/Tribe: Duza

Shadow: Iscazu

Battle: Cadu

War: Cougadu

Warrior: Cadufer

Soldier: Cingez

Warhound: Árgu

Hunt: Selga

Victory: Séu (sego)

Guard: Farda (Visigothic wardja, from Germanic wardaz, from the IE root *wor-to-)

Guardian: Fardian (Visgothic wardjan accusative of wardja)

Sword: Glazem (gl. cladibu)

Bagpipe: Canburgu (bag of songs) and Gaida

Leather Sack/Bag: Burgu (p.c. bolgos)

Agasallu: Covers/Blanket (Latin *ad-gasalia, from Visigothic *gasalja

Giant: Cour

Europe: Euroba

Kingdom: Rigaida

Base: Bun (p.c. bonu-)

-Duza ega ín Biodan- (People and the Body)
Family: Clana - Claña

Family: Teusloa - Teusloi

Ancestor: Ginadre - Ginadrí

Group: Sloa

Man: Feru - Men: Fíru

Woman: Bena - Women: Mna

Husband: Fair - Faír

Wife: Baina – Mnaidan

Father: Adre

Mother: Madra

Daughter: Doadra (c.i. Tuater)

Son: Mag (o.r. Maqqi) – Maí

Child: Gente (c.i. Centis) - Gentí

Brother: Bradre

Sister: Soisra

Granddaughter: Neta

Grandson: Netu

Grandfather: Senadre

Grandmother: Senvadra

Boy: Meninu

Girl: Menina

Friend: Garan/a - Garandí/Garaña

Neighbor: Counes (c.i. Couneso)

Lord: Tíerna

King: Rí

Queen: Riana

Folk/group of people: Feren

Celt: Celda

Celtic: Celdegu/a

Linguist: Tangafer/Tangamen (tanga+ben)

Citizen: Gonhorta (ex. mitbürger)

Hunter/Huntress: Selgafer (male) Selgaben (female)

Leader: Cenfer

Head: Cenu – Cena

Ear: Clusta - Doaglusta

Hand: Lama – Doallama

Arm: Braga – Doabraga

Leg: Gar – Doahar (p.c. garri)

Foot: Tróuz (p.c. Troget) – Doatróuz

Eye: Ogu - Doaogu

Hair: Faltu

Nose: Srona

Face: Áida (agita)

Mouth: Cam (c.i. cab *gob*)

Mouth: Boca

Blood: Crou

Beard: Graña - Granda

Moustache: Grandel - Grandela

Brain: Engen ("in head", ir. inchinn)

Heart: Grí

-Menda, Alma, Fezaida- (Mind, Spirit, Knowledge)
God: Deu – Devan

Soul: Alma - Alman

Breath - An

Universe: Uldounu (Runa vaha)

World: Dúnu

Life: Bíoda

Magic: Brída (gaul. brixt-)

Word: Oidlu

Dream: Asuñu

Witch: Sorgin *bsq.

Druid: Drui – Druizan

Druidess: Druis - Druisan

Druidry: Druizaida

Brotherhood: Bradreaida

Ancestor: Ginazre

Wisdom: Fizaida

Oak: Dara – Daran

Oak: Cerca ( tribe name Querquerni from *kʷerkʷ- < PIE *perkʷ- 'oak, tree')

Sacred: Noum(a)

Sacred grove/Temple/Great oak: Nemezún

Oak Grove: Druñemezún

North: Tóze

East: Úre

West: Fó

South: Déise

Solstice: Saulstan

Equinox: Somnoid

Spring: Éraga

Summer: Sam

Fall:

Winter: Gaiam

Samhain: Samaña

Fairy: Sada (sé/sez: peace/quiet)

Power: Gál

Strength: Nerte

Strong: Nertegu/a

* Underworld/Otherworld: Anzúnu (Antumnos)

Cernunnos: Gernuñu

Language/tongue: Tanga

Language: Xaiz (Brt. Iaxti)

Love: Garaz

Health: Slán

Star: Saruña – Saruñaí

Galaxy: Saruñasloa (star group) - Saruñasloi and Galácsia(n)

Forest: Caida - Caidan

Fire: Tin

Flame: Tinel

Spark: Falisca (Medieval Portuguese, falisca = spark, from Visigothic or Suebian *falwiskan. Cognate of Swedish falaska, Mid-High German valwische *falwiskō, Norse fọlski)

Belief: Creima (p.c. credima)

Religion: Relixiún

Mind: Melma

Smoke: Mug

To Smoke: Ismug

To Smoke: Déu, (lit. "drink")

Insense: Mugllú

Cannabis: Canva/Cáñamu

Hemp: Coúrg (p.c. kom-wark)

-Adjectives-
Good/well: Maz(a)

Good: Dag(a)

Bad: Drug(a)

New: Noiu/a

Old: Senu/a

Young: Óang (p.c. iovanca)

Hot: Aizu/a (p.c. aidu-) *aiz "heat"

Warm: Tesmu/a

Cold: Oru/a (p.c. ougros)

Freezing/Icy: Couxaidu/a

Beginning: Fudróaz (uφo-troget)

End (physical): Orgen (uφer-kʷenno)

End (abstract/temporal): Aña (p.c. indo-)

Left: Esger/a *Ibr.Bsq.

Right: Deis/a

Big: Magu/a - (c.i. magu-)

Small: Bígu/a - (p.c. bikko)

Gigantic: Coureg

Healthy: Slánu/a

Round: Cruñu/a (p.c. krundi-)

Dead: Mar

Happy: Laun

Free: Riu/a

Equal: Inon (*the one, "equality" inonas)

Conscious: Enfizegu/a

Dark: Demen

Bright: Cañu/a

Light: Glustu/a

Light: Lug

Right: Redu/a

Deep: Duvnu/a - (p.c. dubno-)

Clean: Glan

Black: Dumu (p.c. dubu-)

White: Ven/a

Red: Rozu/a

Green: Glaszula (leaf blue)

Blue: Glastu/a

Brown: Don

Yellow: Melin

Gold(en): Our(du/a)

Silver(y): Argan(a)

Many (a lot): Allan (at full)

Other: Ala

All: Olu/a

Every: Gacu/a

Oaken: Dru(a)

Strong: Nerte

Wise: Sufez (good knowledge, p.c. suvidu)

Born: Éndu

Birth: Én

Sweet: Melis

Raw: Crú(a)

Beautiful: teg(a)

Pretty: fim(a)

Good/Pretty: Can (Canibri, p.c cani-)

Fierce: Camargu "warhound-mouth"

First: Gin/a - (from PCl *kintu- 'first')

High: Arzu

Low: Iselu

Far: Gel and En siru

Close: Nes

Long: Longu/a and Siru/a

Short: Gerru/a

Elevated/Eminent: Brían (c.i. brigant-)