Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang …

'''Constantly in development. It will change significantly. '''

JUST REDO IT, REDO IT ALLLLLLLLL ;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;

Writing System
Alphabet A, B , C⁶ , D⁶ , E , F , G⁶ , H , I , J , L , M , N , O , P , Q⁸ , R⁸ , S⁷ , T⁶ , U , V , X , Y , Z { ~a¹ , v , x/ʃ , ð/dʒ , ~e² , f , ʁ/ʒ , ∅ , i³/j , ʒ , l , m , ~n , ~o⁴/w , f , xʷ/w , r/χ , s/ʃ/z , θ/tʃ , u⁵/w , v , ʃ , i³/j , z } Digraphs and Diacritics
 * 1)  a, an, am
 * ɐ, ɐ̃, ɐ̃ : unstressed
 * æ, æ̃, æ̃ : stressed open
 * a, ã, ã : stressed closed
 * e, en, em
 * ɨ, ĩ̵, ĩ̵ : unstressed
 * ɛ, ɛ̃, ɛ̃ : stressed
 * 1) *e - i (word final)
 * i, y, in, yn, im, ym
 * i, i, ĩ, ĩ, ĩ, ĩ
 * j : before/after another vowel
 * o, on, om
 * o, õ, õ : stressed, closed unstressed
 * u, ũ, ũ : unstressed open
 * w : before/after another vowel
 * u, un, um
 * u, ũ, ũ
 * w : before another vowel
 * c, g, t, d
 * 1) *c > ʃ before i, e, y
 * 2) *t > tʃ before i, e, y
 * 3) *g > ʒ before i, e, y
 * 4) *d > dʒ before i, e, y
 * 5) s
 * s : initially
 * z : intervocalically
 * ʃ : finally, before consonants
 * 1) qu, r
 * 2) *r > x initially, finally
 * 3) *qu > xʷ initially
 * 4) *qu > w elsewhere
 * lh, nh - ʎ, ɲ
 * ll, rr - w, x
 * ch, gh - x, ʁ
 * cc, pp, gg, ss - k, p, g, s
 * pj - tʃ
 * pl, tl - ɬ
 * á, é, í, ó, ú, ý - æ, ɛ, i, o, u, i +stress
 * à, è, ò - ɐ, ɨ, u +stress
 * ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ, ỹ - ~ã, ~ẽ, ĩ, ~õ, ũ, ĩ
 * ê - ɨ
 * ç - ʃ

Declension and Articles
The original noun declension was quickly simplified to one of the following suffixes ("X" means anything, but these are rare and are typically with set suffixes) All nouns have their genders distinguished with the developed articles along with their definateness. Definite proximal came from HIC, distal from ILLE , indefinite from ŪNUS , and mass articles came from ŪLLUS. Initial sandhi is when the preceding word ends with a vowel. Final sandhi is when the following word starts with a vowel. Both is when both the preceding and following words end/begin with a vowel. Initial and both sandhi forms do not apply to mass articles as they do not have them given that they start with consonants.
 * -o : masculine, singular
 * -a : feminine, plural
 * -∅, -X : masculine/feminine, singular
 * -is : masculine/feminine, plural

Possessive

 * Adjectival


 * Nominal

Paraphrastic Phrases

 * Future
 * cãviãr [present] + infinitive = immediate future
 * cãviãr [future] + infinitive = far future
 * Perfects
 * aír [future] + past participle = future perfect
 * éçr + infinitive = progressive aspect
 * aír + éçr infinitive + past prticiple = present perfect tense
 * aír [perfect] + past participle = pluperfect
 * Subjunctives
 * cãviãr [subjunctive] + past participle = subjunctive conditional
 * aír [subjunctive present] + past participle = subjunctive perfect
 * aír [subjunctive imperfect] + past participle = subjunctive pluperfect
 * Passive
 * éçr [active tense] + past participle = passive
 * Miscellaneous
 * facir + infinitive = causative

Auxiliaries and Common Irregulars

 * aír - to have (aux.)


 * Infinitive : aír
 * Past Participle : éu
 * Gerund & Present Participle : ẽun
 * Adverbial Participle : êú     *êú = /ju ~ ɨ̯ˈu/
 * éçr - to be


 * Infinitive : éçr
 * Past Participle : éçu
 * Gerund & Present Participle : eçẽun
 * Adverbial Participle : eçú
 * cãviãr - to go, (subj.) to act, (subj.) to behave


 * Infinitive : cãviãr
 * Past Participle : cãviãu
 * Gerund & Present Participle : cãviãun
 * Adverbial Participle : cãviãú
 * fár - to do


 * scir - to know, to have memory of, (past) to remember


 * gustár - to taste, to try, (refl) to feel, (refl) to experience, (refl, perfect tense) to understand [a person]


 * conhoscír - to be familiar with, (refl) to be or become friends with

xx

A Stem Class

 * Infinitive: -ár, -ar
 * Past Participle: -au
 * Gerund & Present Participle: -ãun
 * Adverbial Participle: -ú

E Stem Class
Because of the merging of the 2nd and 4th conjugations, the original 4th conjugation became a mutation of the regular E Stem Class, whose only reminants are the changes of -éa, -éas, and -éa in the indicative imperfect to -iá, -iás, and -iá, and in the indicative future, conditional, conditional perfect, and imperative, the -er- beginning becomes -ir- (as in, with the 1st person indicative conditional, -eráia becomes -iráia) and the infinitive goes from -ér/-er to -ír/-ir.

The 3rd declension follows the regular E Stem Class, but the infinitive is -ír/-ir.
 * Infinitive: -ér, er
 * Mutated Infinitive: -ír, -ir
 * Past Participle*: -eu     *highly irregular
 * Mutated Past Participle: -iu, -u
 * Gerund & Present Participle: -enj
 * Mutated Gerund & Present Participle: -ienj
 * Adverbial Participle: -ú
 * Mutated Gerund & Present Participle: -iú, -ú

Word List

 * Google Spreadsheet : Voilà

Swadesh List
(*) PS = part of speech

Sentence Examples

 * 1) The baby laughed
 * 2) Our teacher is writing
 * 3) The snow has melted
 * 4) A goat wandered through the forest with her kids
 * 5) When was America discovered?
 * 6) Why are you laughing?
 * 7) A box of growing plants stood in the window
 * 1) When was America discovered?
 * 2) Why are you laughing?
 * 3) A box of growing plants stood in the window

Ulysses and the Cyclops
Latin


 * POST BELLUM TRŌIĀNUM VENIT ULIXĒS CUM XII VIRĪS AD TERRAM CYCLŌPUM. IN CAVERNĀ BONUM CĀSEUM INVENIUNT. DUM EUM EDUNT, CYCLŌPS POLYPHĒMUS IN EANDEM CAVERNAM MAGNĀS OVĒS DŪCIT ET GRÆCŌS VIDET: "QUID VŌS FACITIS IN MEĀ CAVERNĀ? PŒNĀS DABITIS. SĪ MALA CŌNSILIA IN ANIMŌ HABĒTIS." "TRŌIĀ NĀVIGĀMUS," ULIXĒS EĪ DĪCIT. "QUID TŪ NŌBĪS DABIS?" POLYPHĒMUS AUTEM EXCLĀMAT: "STULTE! QUID VŌS, TŪ TUĪQUE CARĪ, MIHI DABITIS?" SINE MORĀ PAUCŌS VIRŌS CAPIT EDITQUE! TUM ROGAT, "QUID TIBI NOMEN EST?" ULIXĒS RESPONDET, "NĒMŌ." DUM SOMNUS POLYPHEMUM SUPERAT, GRÆCĪ ĪNSIDIĀS FACIUNT. TIGNUM IN FLAMMĀ ACCUUNT ET IN OCULUM ISTĪUS MITTUNT. Ō MISER POLYPHĒME! TIBI NŌN BENE EST. ALIĪ CYCLŌPĒS VENIUNT, SET VĒRUM PERĪCULUM NŌN SENTIUNT: "NĒMŌ MĒ NECAT!" POLYPHĒMUS VOCAT. "BENE!" EĪ DICUNT. "VALĒ! GRÆCĪ IGITUR EX CAVERNĀ FUGERE POSSUNT. CÆCUS CYCLŌPS HÆC VERBA AUDIT. "VALĒ! EGŌ NŌN NĒMŌ, SET ULIXĒS SUM!"

English


 * After the Trojan War, Ulysses came with twenty-two men to the land of the Cyclopses. In the cave, they found some good cheese While they were eating it, the Cyclops, Polyphemus, lead a big sheep into his own cave and saw the Greeks. "What are you doing in my cave? I will punish you all; if you have a malicious plan in your hearts." "We are sailing from Troy," Ulysses told him. "What will you give to us?" However, Polyphemus exclaimed, "Fools! What will you give to me that is precious to you?" Without delay, Polyphemus took and ate a couple men! Then he asked, "What is your name?" Ulysses responded, "No one." While Polyphemus was asleep, the Greeks hatched a plan. They sharpend and set ablaze a log and sent it into Polyphemus' eye. Oh, poor Polyphemus. He is not nice to you. Other Cyclopses came, but they didn't sense any real danger: "No one can kill me!" Polyphemus cried out. "Great!" they said to him. "Bye!" The Greeks therefore could leave the cave. The blinded Cyclops heard these words, "Bye! I'm not 'no one,' I'm Ulysses!"

Nomidian
 * 1) After the Trojan War, Ulysses came with twenty-two men to the land of the Cyclopses.
 * 2) * POST BELLUM TRŌIĀNUM VENIT ULIXĒS CUM XII VIRĪS AD TERRAM CYCLŌPUM.

Consonants

 * B >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * DĒBĒRE > de:be:rɛ > debérɛ > devér > di_ɛ́r > dʒi.ɛ́x DIÉR
 * v / #_
 * BELLUS > bɛllʊs > bjɛllʷˠo > bjɛwu > vju BIÚ
 * D >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * VIDĒRE > wɪde:rɛ > vedérɛ > veðér > vi_ɛ́r > vi.ɛ́x VIÉR
 * ð / #_
 * DARE > darɛ > dar > ðax DAR
 * dʒ / _{j i}
 * DEUS > dɛ́ʊs > dɛ́o > djɛ́w > dʒí.u DÍO
 * dd > g
 * REDDERE rɛ́ddɛrɛ > rɛddˠre > rɛggri > xɛgri ~ xɛgix REGGHIR
 * G >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * IGITUR  > ɪ́gɪtʊr > égetor > éɣidur > é_jdur > ɨðux EDÚR
 * ʁ / #_
 * GRAVIS > grawɪs > grave > ʁravi > ʁævi GRHÁVI
 * ʒ / _{j i e}
 * GENTEM > gɛ̃tɛ̃ > dʒjɛ̃te > ʒɛ̃tʃi GENTI
 * gn > ɲ
 * REGNUM rɛgnʊm > rɛgno > rɛɲu > xɛɲu RENHO
 * gʷ > w
 * LINGUA > lɪ̃gʷa: > lẽgʷa > lẽɣʷɐ > lɛ̃wɐ LẼUA
 * P >
 * v / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * CAPUT  > kápʊt > kápot > xǽbu > xævu CÁBO
 * pjV > tʃV
 * PECTUS  > pɛktʊs > pɛcco > pjɛttʃo > tʃɛtʃu PJETÇU
 * f / #_
 * PREHENDERE  > prɛhɛ̃ndɛrɛ > prɛ.ɛ̃drɛ > prɛ̃dri > frɛ̃ðri ~ frɛ̃dʒix PRENDIR
 * pp > p
 * T >
 * ð / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * PATREM pátrɛ̃ > pátrɛ > pádre > fæðix PÁDIR
 * ∅ > / _#
 * PREHENDERE  prɛhɛ̃ndɪt > prɛ.ɛ̃det > prɛ̃di_ > frɛ̃dʒi PRENDI
 * θ / #_
 * TŪ > tu: > tu > θu TU
 * tʃ / _{j i}
 * TERRA  > tɛrra > tjɛrra > tjɛrrˠɐ > tʃɛxɐ TIERRA
 * tt > k
 * MITTERE > mɪttɛrɛ > mettˠɛ́r > mikɛx MICCHÉR
 * K >
 * ∅ / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * LOCUM  > lɔkʊ̃ > lɔko > lwogu > lɒɣu > oj_u OYU
 * ʃ / _{j i e}
 * ARCEŌ  > árkeo: > árkjo > ártʃju > ǽxʃu ÁRÇU
 * x / #_, _#
 * CAUSA  > kawsa > kɔza > kwozɐ > xojzɐ COIZA
 * kl > ʎ
 * OCULUS > ɔ́kʊlʊs > wogʎu > ɒʎʎu > oʎu OLHU
 * kt > tʃ
 * NOCTEM > noktɛ̃ > nwocce > nɒtʃe > nojtʃi NOITCE
 * kk > k
 * SUCCURRERE > s̵ʊkkʊ́rrɛrɛ > sokkorrˠɛ́r > sukuxɛ́x SUCCURRÉR
 * QU >
 * w / {V l r}_{V l r}
 * AQUA > akʷa > agʷa > aɣʷa > aw.ɐ > ó.ɐ ÓA
 * xʷ / #_
 * QUANTUS > kʷãtʊs > kʷãto > kʷæ̃du > xʷæ̃ðu QUANDO
 * S >
 * z / {V g}_{V b d g}
 * CAUSA  > kawsa > kɔza > kwozɐ > xojzɐ COIZA
 * ʃ / _C, _#
 * VASTUS > wastʊs > vasto > væʃtu VÁSTU
 * CANĒS > kane:s > kánes > kániʃ > xãj̃ʃ CÃES
 * V >
 * v
 * VASTUS > wastʊs > vasto > væʃtu VÁSTU
 * j / _j
 * BREVIĀRE > brɛwja:rɛ > brɛjjár > brejjár > vrɨjǽχ BREIÁR
 * H > ∅
 * PREHENDERE  > prɛhɛ̃ndɛrɛ > prɛ.ɛ̃drɛ > prɛ̃dri > frɛ̃dʒix PRENDIR
 * M >
 * ∅ / _#
 * PERICULUM > pɛrɪkʊlʊ̃ > pɛreklʊ_ > pjɛ́rigʎu > tʃɛ́liʎu > tʃɛ́ʎju TIÉLHIU
 * Vm > Ṽ
 * IMPELLERE > ɪ̃pɛ́llɛrɛ > ɪ̃pɛ́llɛr > ẽbɛ́llʷˠɛr > ɨ̃bɨwíx ẼMBELLÍR
 * VmV > ṼvV
 * ANIMUM > ánɪmʊ̃ > ánemo > anẽvu > ɐnɛ̃vu ANẼVU
 * N >
 * Vn > Ṽ
 * VENTUM > wɛ̃tʊ̃ > vɛ̃to > vɛ̃du > vɛ̃ðu VENDO
 * VnV > ṼV
 * CANIS > kanɪs > kane > kãni > xãj̃ CÃE
 * ɲ / _j
 * nn > ŋg
 * PANNUS > pannʊs > pannˠo > paŋgu > fãŋgu PANGO
 * R
 * R


 * x / #_, _#
 * RIVUS > ri:wʊs > río > xíu RÍO
 * COR > kɔr > kwor > kɒx > xojx COIR
 * rr > x
 * ERRĀRE > ɛrra:rɛ > ɛrrár > ɨxæx ERRÁR
 * l / _C
 * URBEM > ʊrbɛ̃ > orbe > olbi OLBE
 * L >
 * ʎ / _j
 * MELIOR > mɛljɔr > mɛʎor > mɨʎox MELHOR
 * ll > w
 * FALLERE > fallɛrɛ > fallɛ́r > fallʷˠɛ́r > fɐwɛ́x FALLÉR
 * w / _C
 * ALTUS > altʊs > alˠto > awtu ÂUTU
 * {tl pl} > ɬ
 * PLĀNUS > pla:nʊs > pla:no > pʎ̝̊a:no > ɬænu PLANO
 * J >
 * ʒ / #_
 * JAM jã > jæ > ʒæ JÁ

Vowels
O = open syllable | Ɵ = closed syllable | $ = syllable | acute accent = stressed | grave accent = unstressed
 * Ā & Ă >
 * ɐ / $̀
 * BELLA > bɛlla > bjɛllʷˠa > vjɛwɐ > vjuɐ BIÚA
 * æ / Ó
 * JAM > jã > ja > jæ > ʒæ JÁ
 * a / Ɵ́
 * CLASSEM > klassɛ̃ > klasse > kʎassi > ʎasi LHASSE
 * {ã ā̃} > ã / $́
 * ERRĀNS > ɛrrã:s > ɛχã́ʃ > ɨxã́ʃ ERRÂNS

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