Modern Ghulghadian

Vowels
1. /ä/, / ɜ/, and / ɔ/ are considered strong vowels. These vowels can be combined into diphthongs, and triphthongs, as well as four vowel combinations.

2. /i/, and /u/ are considered weak vowels and are used to link strong vowels together.

Diphthongs
1. The letter 'y' is used after the vowel to represent the vowel /i/.

2. The letter i is used before the vowel to represent the vowel /i/.

3. A diphthong is counted as one syllable.

Triphthongs
Triphthongs can be formed by adding a /i/ or /u/ in between two strong vowels. Examples of this are 'aye', 'ayo', 'aya', 'ayu', 'eye', etc.

Other Vowel Combinations
The most number of vowels that can appear together is four vowels. Example of this is "ieye" /i ɜj ɜ/.

Phonotactics
The general syllable structure of Modern Ghulghadian is CCVVVVC. A syllable can begin with the following consonant clusters: A syllable can end with and plosive. Syllable coda plosives are unreleased. A syllable can also end with a nasal, but the end of a word can never end in an /n/, unless it is a loan word. A syllable can also end in /s, l/.

Vowel Harmony
In Classical Ghulghadian, there was strong vowel harmony of front vowels and back vowels. The vowel harmony rules no longer apply to Modern Ghulghadian words, but it is good to know the rules.

Nouns
Nouns do not have any grammatical gender, number, case, or articles. Number must be interpreted from context. This is similar to languages like Chinese, Japanese and Vietnamese. If number is important, it can be indicated by adding a quantity. For example the noun gam can mean country, countries, a country, some countries, the country, the countries.

Pronouns
In Modern Ghulghadian, there are many pronouns that can be used in different situations for some pronouns there are honorific versions.