Coyaron

Coyaron (/çoʎaɹon/) is a language created by Wilhelm von Hindenburger (also known on this site as IsTakenIsTaken and formerly as WvonH, and Wilh3lm in many other places except this site where the username was already taken) for personal use. The reference grammar is available here.

Phonotactics
The allowed syllable structure is (C)V(C), with a total of 2205 possibilities.

Writing System
In addition, Coyaron has its own writing system, which is an abugida. Vowels after consonants are written with diacritics below, and vowels only appear above consonants at the start of a syllable or when you have two vowels in a row. Letters in a syllable are written from left to right, syllables in a word from top to bottom, and words left to right and top to bottom.

Nouns
Nouns decline for case and number. Coyaron has five cases: subject, monotransitive object, ditransitive recipient, ditransitive theme, and intransitive. The subject case is written with -ces, the monotransitive object case is -tov, ditransitive recipient is -tan, ditransitive theme is -sav, and the intransitive case is -hox. There are four grammatical numbers: singular, dual, plural, and indefinite. Singular has no suffix, dual is -ca, plural is -caca, and indefinite is -co. If you want to specify the number in the plural case, add it as a separate word after it. For example, 12 objects would be object-caca 12. The case is always written before the number, and is a little redundant given the strict VSO word order. In ditransitive verbs, the theme is before the recipient. Proper nouns are written as the name (transliterated if needed) in [square brackets]. A case marking would then go outside the brackets.

Verbs
Verbs conjugate in a unique way because the creator sees it as simpler than other systems.

If it started in the past and ended in the past, it is called the compast (completed past) case. If it started in the past and is currently ending, it is the enst (ending past) case. If it started in the past and has not ended yet, it is called the inpast. (incomplete past) If it was instantaneous and in the past, it is the instast. (instant past) If it is beginning in the present and instantaneous, it is the instent. (instant present) If it is beginning and has not ended or will never end, it is the prent. (prolonged present) If it has not occurred and is instantaneous, it is the insture. (instant future) Finally, if it has not started and takes time, it is the proture. (prolonged future).

There is also the infinitive and the gerund. The habitual is "I have (with suffix) habit of (infinitive)."

Numbers
The numbering system is base 6. The digits are nul (0), lod (1), zi (2), zun (3), zod (4), and tas (5). The numbers are made by listing the digits in order, from most significant to least significant. In the romanization system, these are 0, \, V, ', <, and /. Repeated digits are in the form a(b) means the digit a repeated b times. This only works if b is at least 5. When spoken, follow these steps:

1. Take the repeated digit (b) and add an a to the end of its name.

2. Cut it off after the second vowel. Call this the "refix."

3. Say the refix, the number of times it is repeated (a), and the refix backwards.

Articles

 * Definite: ek
 * Indefinite: ke

Pronouns

 * 1st person: an
 * 2nd person: un
 * 3rd person animate: daj
 * Can have suffixes -o for male and -a for female
 * 3rd inanimate: jad

Adpositions

 * In: ok
 * Out: ko
 * To: en
 * From: ne
 * Of (referring to a property of an object, such as a person’s height): ev
 * Of (referring to an object that belongs to another or is part of another): ve
 * Over: fera
 * Side/next to: ez
 * With: op
 * Without: po

Nouns

 * Front: zal
 * Back: laz
 * Left: gen
 * Right: neg
 * Up/top: sak
 * Down/bottom: kas
 * Basic unit of length (equal to 6^42 planck lengths, or .7778 cm): kesti
 * Basic unit of time (equal to 6^57 planck times, or 12.199 seconds): jenmo
 * Foot: kastas (down-five)
 * Hand: saktas (up-five)
 * Moose: mis
 * Room: keya
 * This (the object currently being referred to): dan
 * Thought: kis
 * Word: sux
 * A wordless thought; the state of wordless thought: posuxkis (lit. without-word-thought)

Transitive

 * To be: se
 * To have: lo

Adjectives

 * Long (in absolute physical length, independently of other dimensions): zor
 * Long (relative physical length compared to the other dimensions of the object): zar
 * Long (taking a large amount of time): zel
 * Tall: bur
 * This (to refer to the instance of the noun currently being referred to): da

Conjunctions

 * And: e
 * When a sentence is “V1 A B and V2 C D” it always means the same thing as if they are separate, not that “B and V2 C D” is the object of V1. For that, “V1 A B and V1 A V2 C D” would be used instead.
 * Or: o

Other particles

 * Adjective to noun for measuring it (e.g. tall->height): -ken
 * Negation particle: -tul

Other

 * Standard greeting (formal): losma
 * Greeting (informal): alo
 * Goodbye (formal): bosma
 * Goodbye (informal): abo
 * Goodbye (to someone you hate, more akin to good riddance): genbo

Text

 * Coyaron script: Image on the right
 * Romanization: seaf ances mistov.
 * Translation: I am a moose. (implies that I became a moose in the past, and will continue to be a moose)
 * Literal translation: Be-began in the past-ends in the future I-subject moose-object.
 * Coyaron script: Second image
 * Romanization: loaf ances saktastovca e kastastovca.
 * Translation: I have two hands and two feet. (implies that I got them in the past and will continue to have them)
 * Literal translation: Have-began in the past-ends in the future I-subject up-five-object-dual and down-five-object-dual.