Kaliro

Consonants
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" ! style="width: 68px; "| ! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial ! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental ! style="width: 68px; " |Dental ! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar ! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar ! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex ! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal ! style="width: 68px; " |Velar ! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular ! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal ! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal ! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal !Nasal !Plosive
 * m
 * n
 * n
 * n
 * b
 * t ; d
 * k
 * t ; d
 * k
 * k
 * k
 * k

ʔ
!Fricative !Affricate !Approximant !Trill !Flap or tap !Lateral fric. !Lateral app. !Lateral flap
 * v
 * ð ;  θ
 * s
 * ʃ ;  ʒ
 * x
 * h
 * x
 * h
 * h
 * h
 * h
 * h
 * t͡ʃ ;  d͡ʒ
 * t͡ʃ ;  d͡ʒ
 * t͡ʃ ;  d͡ʒ
 * t͡ʃ ;  d͡ʒ
 * t͡ʃ ;  d͡ʒ
 * l
 * j
 * w
 * l
 * j
 * w
 * j
 * w
 * r
 * r
 * r
 * r
 * ɾ
 * ɾ
 * ɾ
 * ɾ
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

Writing System
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="width: 650px; text-align:center" ! scope="row"|Letter ! scope="row"|Sound ! scope="row"|Letter ! scope="row"|Sound
 * k
 * y
 * r
 * m
 * n
 * s
 * l
 * h
 * b
 * t
 * ð
 * þ
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/k/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/j/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/ɾ/ ; /r/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/m/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/n/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/s/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/l/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/h/ ; /x/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/b/ ; /v/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/t/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/ð/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/θ/
 * š
 * č
 * ž
 * ř
 * d
 * w
 * i
 * ī
 * u
 * <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ū
 * ė
 * é
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">/ʃ/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"| /t͡ʃ/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"| /d͡ʒ/;/ <span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;">ʒ <span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14.6667px;font-weight:normal;line-height:16.8667px;">/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/h<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;line-height:22.4px;text-align:start;">ɾ /
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|

/d<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:9.5pt;line-height:115%;">/
/u/;/<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;">ʊ/ (final) ! scope="row"|Letter ! scope="row"|Sound
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/w/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/i/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/i:/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/u:/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/e/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/e:/
 * ę
 * è
 * ö
 * <span lang="LT" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:LT;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ò
 * <span lang="LT" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:LT;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ō
 * o
 * ô
 * a
 * <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ā
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ɛ /
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ɛ: /
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/<span lang="LT" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:LT;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ə / ; /<span lang="LT" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:LT;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ɶ / ; sometimes mute
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/<span lang="LT" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:LT;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ɒ /;/<span lang="LT" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:LT;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ɔ /
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"| / <span lang="LT" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:11pt;line-height:16.8667px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;">ɔ: /
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/o/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/o:/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/a/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/a:/
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|

/<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:9.5pt;line-height:14.5667px;">ʔ/

 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|
 * style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|
 * }

<p class="MsoNormal">'''Letter combinations: '''

<p class="MsoNormal">yi: [j] after a vowel ; yi: [ji] at the beginning of a word ; yī : [jiː]

<p class="MsoNormal">iy: [j] if followed by a short vowel, otherwise [ij] ; īy: [ij] ; if /iy/ is followed by a seemingly long vowel, then there is no diphthong, and the last vowel in the phoneme is shortened

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoNormal">owu: [ɔw] ; same diphthong process if /wu/ is preceded by other vowels, except for /i/ and /ö/, and all long vowels ; if /wu/ is preceded (or followed in the case of a long /u/) by a seemingly long vowel, then there is no diphthong, and the first (or last in the case of a final /u/) vowel in the phoneme is shortened

<p class="MsoNormal">uw: [w] ;  if /uw/ is  followed   (or  preceded  in the case of a long /u/) by a seemingly long vowel, then there is no diphthong, and the final (or first in the case of an initial /u/) vowel in the phoneme is shortened

<p class="MsoNormal">Note: Those letter combinations appear in the latin alphabet transcription of the language, due to the nature of the native Kaliro writing system, that doesn't admit for two vowels to follow each other (/w/ and /y/ act as buffers of sorts in the diphthong). They could be omitted in the transcription, but reflect the native orthography better.

<p class="MsoNormal">

Personnal pronouns:
<p class="MsoNormal">Personal pronouns become possessive pronouns by adding /y/ if they start with a vowel.

<p class="MsoNormal">Otherwise, the particle "yi" is inserted within the first consonant or between the first and the second ones (except for "ho" that becomes "yowu") ; this leads to vowel length change in some cases:

<p class="MsoNormal">ka(n) <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à kiyā(n) ; su(n) <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à siyu(n) ; sokadęl/sokadèn <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à soyikadęl/soyikadèn ; luwa/lūn <span style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à liyuwa/liyūn ; hòn <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à hòyīn ; hodin <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à hoyidin ; hokin <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à hoyikin ; hoyān <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-char-type: symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à hôyan