North Tongue

Pashmanu is an extinct language. Primarily agglutinative, it relies upon particles to indicate case, location and other such factors.

Phonology
This section dictates the rules and theory controlling spelling and pronunciation within Pashmanu. Different aspects of the phonology can be explained by need for cohesion between vowels, due to the fact that Pashmanu is highly concentrated with vowel phonemes.

Stress
The stress of Pashmanu tends to be very fluid, but the basis of its stress is iambic, meaning that the first syllable tends to be unstressed and the second syllable is stressed.

Phonemes
Vowel phonemes are limited to five monophthongs. Below is the table demonstrating pronunciation of the monophthongs.

Allophonic Diphthongs
While the vowels ought to be pronounced separately, and a more educated speaker may do so, it is common for allophonic diphthongs to appear in colloquial speech. When reading words with long chains of vowels, the method of deciphering them is to separate them up into adjacent pairs first before using the correct sounds:
 * aieoueoauo --> ai | eo | ue | oa | uo

Syllables
As the role of the consonant is limited in comparison to its vowel counterpart, syllables are constructed in certain ways.

The nucleus of each syllable is the initial vowel in a sequence, and it may be followed by the sequential vowel or a single, sequential consonant. These consonants may be either the bilabial nasal, the alveolar nasal, and the lateral approximant.

Preceding the nucleus is the anterior consonant cluster. This can be composed of a single consonant or a consonant followed by an approximant.

Thus the phonological constraints of Pashmanu can be written as such: (The reason 'Pashmanu' breaks these phonological constraints is because the word was not originally part of the language. Indeed, Paisha Manu is actually a culture reference within the language to the origin of their society: the "purple clay" from which .)
 * ( C ) ( y / w ) V ( V ) ( m / n / l )

Orthography
When written out in the Latin script, most letters keep the sounds that are concurrent with their English counterparts (i.e. 'k' sounds are written with 'k'). In this manner, most sounds are dealt with.

However, the remaining noises, such as consonants which often require two graphemes for English, must be given their own written form. Therefore, the Latin script for Pashmanu transcription is as follows:
 * Aa Bb Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Kk Chch Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Shsh Tt Uu Ww Yy

Nouns
Nouns are not inflected in any form. To understand whether or not the noun referred to is definite or indefinite, plural or singular, or any other such form, attention to context is needed.

As a rule, all nouns have their first letter capitalised to greater indicate the fact that it is a noun. The only exception to this is a pronoun which remains un-capitalised. Certain verb forms may be capitalised to form a noun.
 * the law: fwo --> Fwo

Particles
One of the most apparent aspects of Pashmanu grammar is the usage of particles to identify the action or role of a word within the sentence, e.g. whether the word is a direct object or a location. However, the role of the particle is not always clear or dependent upon a direct grammatical need.

Verbs
Verbs end in 'ru'

Adjectives
Adjectives end in

Colours

 * colour =
 * red =
 * orange =
 * yellow =
 * green =
 * blue =
 * purple = paisha
 * pink =
 * brown =
 * white = non
 * black =

Characteristics

 * young =
 * annoying =

General

 * to be =
 * being =
 * man =
 * woman =
 * boy =
 * girl =

Rural

 * water =
 * plant =
 * earth =
 * clay = Manu

Law

 * law = Fwo