Umbrean

=Setting= Umbrean is spoken in the nation The Union of Confederated Umbrean Republican States, aka UCURS or Umbrean Confederacy, but is one of the major languages on Verus

General Information
Umbrean is a verb based language, i.e. there is no adjectives and almost all other words are derived from their closest relative verb though some are stand alone nouns but they are rare. The sentence structure of umbrean is SOV, it is a agglutinating and isolating language in which both shifts depending on what category of things one deals with but it is consistent in that area.

Single Letters
Umbrεaπ alphabets sounds like this.

Phonotactics
B,Б,T,Ю are always followed by a vowel

R and K always comes alone from consonants, as there is vowels around them

two consonants always comes between two vowels

The syllable structure of umbrean is (V)(C)(C)V

=Basic Grammar=

Verbs
Umbrean is very regular in its language except for very few verbs but mostly the verb "to be"

Standarized change of a tense for a verb is achived by simply adding/changing the word behind the verb. For Example, "to walk" is Foz, "i am going", ignoring the persinal pronoun, would be "Foz Liy"


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Tense ! colspan="1" | Word ! colspan="1" | Example "To go" ! Infinitive ! Present simple ! Present continuous ! Present Perfect ! Preterit ! Imperfect ! Past continuous ! Conditional ! Pluperfect ! Future ! Future perfect
 * Ψπψ || To go
 * Шεю || I go.
 * Гiψ || I am going.
 * Σζ || I have gone.
 * Kεr || I went.
 * Φεrψ || I used to go.
 * Mag || I was going.
 * гюa || I would go.
 * Dωv || I had gone.
 * Tar || I will go.
 * Kiг || I will have gone.
 * }

To Be
This verb is sometimes considered to be none existent since it is the very word used to conject a verb. "am" is therefor right out "Гiψ" and "will be" is "Tra" and so on

Voices
In umbrean a verb is usually a concept rather than an acctual distinct verb. The voice word placed infront defines its exact meaning as the example below. The main ones occure in all verbs while secondary may be exploited in some cases. The secondary is always the opposite action of the main one


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Voice ! colspan="1" | Word ! colspan="1" | Example "Olpa" ! colspan="1" | Translation ! Main Active ! Main Expose ! Secondary Active ! Secondary Expose
 * Жψ || Жψ ωгбa || To throw
 * Ψπ || Ψπ ωгбю || To be thrown
 * Юa || Юa ωгбa || To catch
 * Aζ || Aζ ωгбa || To be caught
 * }

Negation
To negate a sentence such as "im not killing" one adds the affix -ψб to the verb so it becomes "gψг ψπψ aπuψб гiψ"

Verbs into nouns
As umbrean is a verb based language meaning it derives most of its nouns from the relative verb there is a special system to it and the Prefix ru- is used to serve it but where it comes depends very much on what kind of noun it ends with. Lets take "Aπu" as example.

If it is placed on the verb itself such as "ruaπψ" it will make a noun of the context of the noun and since "Aπψ" is related to death it would be the very noun "death" it means.

While if one wishes to say for example the one who does the killing, "killer" it would be done by adding the suffix on the word before as "Жψψ aπu" (To kill) so it becomes "ruЖψψ aπu" which means "killer" now, for the one who is killed or dieing the same principle is applied "ψπψ aπu" becomes "ruψπψ aπu" and means "person who dies" basically. Generating nouns from verbs is thereby very simple.

Noun Derivations
To make a noun from a verb one uses the prefix Ru-, just put it infront and its a noun, almost all nouns come from this, This can be done either directly on the verb or in its apperent adjective form to get a meaning related to the adjective meaning which is more specific to either conecpt than right onto the verb. If one wants a certain tiem related to the noun one placed directly on the base word, such as Ruaπu, if its the person/thing doing the verb its on the voice word Ruжψ/Ruψπ/Rψюa/Ruaζ while the verb is left alone

Suffix
Nouns changes depending on if its definite or not, or if its one, countable or more. It is always placed at the end of the verb root. such as Ruжψψ aπψωю and never on the voice/perspection word.

Numbers
A thing to keep in mind is this language is base-12 based

in Umbrean there is no difference between first and one so to say one one says simply miζ but also first is miζ

Persinal Pronouns
Umbrean have many persinal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Case ! colspan="2" | Subjective ! colspan="2" | Objective ! colspan="3" | Genitive ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pl. ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pl. ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pl. ! rowspan="1" | interrogative !! colspan="2" | 1st ! rowspan="3" | 2nd ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Other ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Verusian ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Wise ! rowspan="5" | 3rd ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Impersinal ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Other ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Verusian ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Wise ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Noble
 * Gψг || Gψгζ
 * Gaζ || Gaζш
 * Guю || Guюζ
 * Umi|| Umiζ
 * Umij|| Umijг
 * Umiζ|| Umiζг
 * Ψюa|| Ψζюa
 * Ψюaζ|| Ψζюaг
 * Ψюak|| Ψζюak
 * Гuж|| Гuжε
 * Гψж|| Гψжε
 * Гeж|| Гεжε
 * Gaш|| Gaшs
 * Guш|| Guшs
 * Gψш|| Gψms
 * Hur|| Hur
 * Hurζ|| Hurζг
 * Hurю|| Huζю
 * Zψ|| Zψζ
 * Zψю|| Zψζю
 * Zψζ|| Zψζг
 * Гuж|| Гuжε
 * Гψж|| Гψжε
 * Гeж|| Гεжε
 * Kψr|| Kψr
 * Kψrю|| Kωr
 * Kψru|| Kεr
 * }
 * }

Other Pronouns

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! colspan="1" | Case ! colspan="1" | Query ! colspan="1" | This ! colspan="1" | That ! colspan="1" | Some ! colspan="1" | No ! colspan="1" | Every ! Adjective ! Person ! Thing ! Place ! Time ! Way ! Reason
 * Aiж || Hωtψ || Шik || Πiπζa || Шψω || Uшaaш
 * Iжuζ || * || Iжuζ || Πiжuζa || * || *
 * Ψaπж || * || * || Πiжuζa || Ψζuuг || *
 * Ωgπ || Hωgπ || Kшωgπ || * || * || *
 * Nζuj || Hωζuj || * || * || * || *
 * Aшuζ || Hωюuζ || * || * || * || *
 * Dшa || * || * || * || * || *
 * }

English Personal Pronouns

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Case ! colspan="1" | Query ! colspan="1" | This ! colspan="1" | That ! colspan="1" | Some ! colspan="1" | No ! colspan="1" | Every ! Adjective ! Person ! Thing ! Place ! Time ! Way ! Reason
 * which || this || that || some || no || every
 * who || this || that || someone || no one || everyone
 * what || this || that || something || nothing || everything
 * where|| here || there || somewhere || nowhere || everywhere
 * when || now || then || sometime || never || always
 * how || thus || * || somehow|| * || *
 * why || * || * || * || * || *
 * }

Adjective
Adjectives don't exist in the normal sense but is verbs, the adjective "red" would be in umbrean "to be red" and is conjugated the same way as verbs, but if there is multiple adjectives describing something one does not say the tempus/conjucation word over and over, it is said after the last adjective verb as an indication you stop the description there.

To form an adjective from verbs one either leaves it without Юa,Aζ,Жψ,Ψπ and add the prefix uг/шi to get it, Uг is related to the main meaning while Шi is related to the secondary. While if for example with Ωгбa where you want it to be "Throwable" or "Catchable" you add "-гε" to the primary word so it becomes


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Example "Olpa" ! colspan="1" | Translation
 * Жψгε ωгбa || to be throwable
 * Юaгε ωгбa || To be catchable
 * }
 * Юaгε ωгбa || To be catchable
 * }

It is most common placed on the active part but may be on others aswell

Comparative
The comparative word is placed in front of the adjective
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Comparative ! colspan="1" | Word ! Base ! Comparative 1 ! Comparative 2 ! Comparative 3 ! Superlative
 * Шψжω
 * Baжuш
 * Шuшuш
 * Mωжuu
 * }

Preposition
in Umbrean the preposition is a suffix that is placed on the noun of the phrase in which id modifies, such as "insist home(on) staying" or "insist on staying home" in normal english.


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Suffix ! colspan="1" | English prep. ! colspan="1" | Example ! colspan="1" | Translation ! colspan="4" | Locative
 * Жψψ бωuж
 * Female
 * -πi
 * for, to, at, toward
 * жψψ бωuжπi
 * to the female
 * -ωωd
 * of (possession)
 * жψψ бωuжωωd
 * the female's, of the female
 * to the female
 * -ωωd
 * of (possession)
 * жψψ бωuжωωd
 * the female's, of the female
 * the female's, of the female
 * -iζζ
 * at, from, of
 * жψψ бωuжiζζ
 * from the female
 * -uшψ
 * in
 * жψψ бωuжuшψ
 * in the female
 * -uaж
 * from
 * жψψ бωuжuaж
 * from the female
 * -ψωs
 * into
 * жψψ бωuжψωs
 * into the female
 * -юa
 * at/near
 * жψψ бωuжюa
 * At the female
 * -ψφ
 * on
 * жψψ бωuжψφ
 * On the female
 * -aψб
 * With, along
 * жψψ бωuжaψб
 * With/Along the female
 * -жψг
 * Around (not near)
 * жψψ бωuжжψг
 * Around the female
 * -юωг
 * above
 * жψψ бωuжюωг
 * Above the female
 * -rεж
 * under
 * жψψ бωuжrεж
 * under the female
 * -ζaб
 * infront of
 * жψψ бωuжζaб
 * Infront of the female
 * -ωжг
 * behind
 * жψψ бωuжωжг
 * behind the female
 * -gur
 * to the right of
 * жψψ бωuжgur
 * to the right of the female
 * -гia
 * to the left of
 * жψψ бωuжгia
 * to the left of the female
 * -Юiψ
 * west of
 * жψψ бωuжЮiψ
 * west of female
 * -юiu
 * east of
 * жψψ бωuжюiu
 * east of female
 * -юiω
 * north of
 * жψψ бωuжюiω
 * north of female
 * -юia
 * south of
 * жψψ бωuжюia
 * south of female
 * }
 * жψψ бωuжЮiψ
 * west of female
 * -юiu
 * east of
 * жψψ бωuжюiu
 * east of female
 * -юiω
 * north of
 * жψψ бωuжюiω
 * north of female
 * -юia
 * south of
 * жψψ бωuжюia
 * south of female
 * }
 * жψψ бωuжюia
 * south of female
 * }

Standard
The Umbrean language is a Subject-Object-Verb language that arranges its sentences as "adam apple ate" rather than the english SVO "Adam ate apple"

Adverbs
Adverbs are formed simular way as the nouns, by a placing of a "Ja" infront of the adjective and it is adverb, but isnt followed by any tempus word.

Conjuctions
Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y

Noun Clause
Noun subordinate clauses are rather simple to form, one simply uses the noun that is derived from the perspective one is after with the addition of fitting tempus particle after like normally so time spans fits, for example "I know who died" or "I know the person that have died"

and a small translation of various words come here


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! colspan="1" | English ! colspan="1" | Umbrean ! I know the person that have died ! Gψг жψψ aπu εζ ψπψ iшa шεю
 * I
 * Gψг
 * The person that have died
 * Жψψ aπu εζ
 * know
 * Ψπψ iшa шεю
 * know
 * Ψπψ iшa шεю
 * Ψπψ iшa шεю
 * }

Thing to keep in mind is that they dont differ between "The man who" or "The thing that", all those are treated as the same

Adjective Clause
An Adjective Clause is initiated with the word "Iжuζ", which replaces such words as "which"/"Who"/"That" as relative english pronouns, and ended with a verb and is placed behind the noun is modifies

Adverbial Clause

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Clause Kind ! colspan="1" | Usual Conjuction ! colspan="1" | Function ! colspan="1" | Example ! Time Clause ! Conditional Clause ! Purpose Clause ! Reason Clause ! Result Clause ! Concessive Clause ! Place Clauses ! Clauses of Manner ! Clauses of Exclamations
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

English:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Clause Kind ! colspan="1" | Usual Conjuction ! colspan="1" | Function ! colspan="1" | Example ! Time Clause ! Conditional Clause ! Purpose Clause ! Reason Clause ! Result Clause ! Concessive Clause ! Place Clauses ! Clauses of Manner ! Clauses of Exclamations
 * when, before, after, since, while, as, until
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * Her father died when she was young.
 * if, unless
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
 * in order to, so that, in order that
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
 * because, since, as, given
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
 * so that
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed''.
 * although, though, while
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now
 * where, wherever
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * He said he was happy where he was.
 * as, like, the way
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
 * what a(an), how, such, so
 * Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
 * What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!
 * }
 * }

Ratio
Ratio such as Three to one would be said as Iζi шζi miζ where the word шζi is used in ratio context alone

=Dictionary=

Aja

 * Simular to, approximently

Gija

 * Air related

Iωж

 * put infront of a persinal pronoun
 * greeting phrase, simular to hi, hello etc

Jja

 * Turning adjective to adverb

Ωrr
or
 * The one who does a verb

huuh

 * Can do, possible to do

Irю

 * Turns a noun to a verb

Kiг

 * Membership of
 * Part of

Жa

 * aspect of

Жψг
Turns Verbs into nouns

=Example text=

One

 * Gψг πijuшrωrε φψguu dψas гiψ = I am walking toward the big city
 * Gψг = I
 * πijuшrωr φψguu = toward the big city
 * dψas гiψ = am walking

Common phrases

 * = Go/walk/run to tartarus or go to hell
 * Aшuζ Rψgπar шεю? = Directly How is rygnar? but means What time is it? or How much is the clock
 * Saψжjωωε жψψ Ψεπtψeq Φπψжωkiг Umbrεaπ жurжζωkiг = The Union of Confederate Umbrean Republican States