Saksies

Overview
Saksies is a Germanic conlang closely related to the modern Germanic languages, Dutch, German, Afrikaans, Luxembourgish and has a lot in common with the English language as well.

Saksies has a fair amount of French loanwords.

Grammar
The Saksies grammar is relatively simple compared with German or Dutch and resembles more the modern English or Afrikaans grammar.

CONSONANTS
b [b] *[p] baken De. /b/ baken – Nd. /b/ baken – En. /b/ bake

ch [ʃ - ç] ech De. /ç/ ich – Nd. /k/ ik – En. /-/ I

ch [ʃ] chic Fr. /ʃ/ chic

d [d] *[t] dinn De. /d/ dünn – Nd. /d/ dun – En. /θ/ thin

f [f] fallen De. /f/ fallen – Nd. /f/ fallen – En. /f/ fall

g [g] *[χ] ginn De. /g/ geben – Nd. /χ/ geven – En. /g/ give

h [h] hunn De. /h/ haben – Nd. /h/ heven – En. /h/ have

j [j] jaar De. /j/ Jahr – Nd. /j/ jaar – En. /j/ year

j, g [ʒ] séjour Fr. /ʒ/ séjour

k (Fr. c) [k] koud De. /k/ kalt – Nd. /k/ koud – En. /k/ cold

l [l] loud De. /l/ laut – Nd. /l/ luid – En. /l/ loud

m [m] meer De. /m/ mehr – Nd. /m/ meer – En. /m/ more

n [n] naam De. /p/ Pille – Nd. /p/ pil – En. /p/ pill

r [r] rest De. /ʀ/ Rest – Nd. /r/ rest – En. /ɹ/ rest

s [s] vest De. /s/ vest – Nd. /s/ vest – En. /s/ vest

[z]                       sinn                     De. /z/ sein – Nd. /s/ seven – En. /s/ seven

t [t] toll De. /ʦ/ Zoll – Nd. /t/ tol – En. /t/ toll

tz [ʦ] netz De. /ʦ/ Netz – Nd. /t/ net – En. /t/ net

v [f] vill De. /f/ viel – Nd. /f/ veel – En. /f/ file

w [ʋ] wasser De. /ʋ/ Wasser – Nd. /ʋ/ water – En. /w/ water

z [ʦ] schwarz De. /ʦ/ schwarz – Nd. /t/ swart – En. /t/ net

NEvertheless, they are usually declined as indigenous words:
 * Word-finally. French words are mostly spelt and pronounced as in French.

Ech gonn changéiren de billeten. (I go change the tickets.) [ɛʃ gon: ʃãnʒeirən də bije:ən]

Nouns
There are no genders in Saksies. The indefinite article is e /ə/ (emphatic form: een /e:n/ and the definite article is de /də/ (emphatic form: die /di:/).

Plural is formed by adding the suffix -(e)n /(ə)n/.

Irregular Plural Forms

Adjectives & Adverbs
There is a number of real adverbs, any adjective in indefinite form can be used as an adverb. Adjectives have two forms: indefinite and definite.

Verbs
INFITINE VERB FORMS pref. = prefixed verb, doesn't get ge- prefix in Past Participle

mpre. = moving prefix, note the position of prefix -ge- irr. = irregular or strong verb

FINITE VERB FORMS

The first one is the singular form e.g. ech bell 'I ring' and the second one is used for plural méi bellen 'we ring'.

Only 4 verbs have personal inflection apart from singular/plural distinction in Present Tense:

STRONG VERBS have 3 main groups:

I èi-ie-ie Group: bèissen - biess/en - gebiessen 'to bite'

II ie-o-o Group: fliegen - floog - geflogen 'to fly'

III ë-a-u Group: begënnen - begann/en - begunnen 'to begin'

IV The 4th Group includes 16 irregular verbs that do not fall into any of the preceding groups e.g. mogen (maag/mogen) - mochte/n - gemogen 'to like'

IV The 16 Irregular Verbs are:

1. sinn see above

2. hunn see above

3. ginn see above

4. gonn see above 5. bitten - batt - gebetten to ask

6. essen - ass - gëessen to eat

7. fangen - fangte (fing) - gefangen to catch

8. fallen - fallte (fell) - gefallen to fall

9. fergessen - fergass - fergessen to forget 10. lesen - laas - gelesen to read

11. liegen - laag - gelegen to lie

12. sissen sass gesessen to sit

13. werden word geworden to become

14.durfen darfsg|durfenpl durfte/n gedurfen dirfe/n

15. konnen kannsg|konnenpl konnte/n gekonnen kënnte/n

16. mogen maagsg|mogenpl mochte/n gemogen mëchte/n

MODAL VERBS

durfen ''irr. ''to be permitted, may

konnen ''irr. ''can, to be able

mogen ''irr. ''to like

mussen ''reg. ''must, to have to

wëllen ''reg. ''to want

sollen ''reg. ''shall, should