Alegna

General information
Aleña (/aʎeɲa/) is a Romance language spoken in modern day Portuagal, Spain, and Southern France. It is regulated by the Academy of Aleñal Culture and Language. (AACL). Because it divereges directly from Classical Latin, it is closer to Latin than many languages. An interesting feature of Aleña is that allows for almost no consonant clusters, except in loanwords, or the resulting word would be awkward.

Consonants
/k, g/ turn into [s, ʒ] before /i, e, ɛ/

/l/ becomes [ʎ] before /e, ɛ/

Alphabet
-Accented vowels are represented by an accuate accent (´)

Sound Changes From Latin
Note just the final and initial sounds are being shown for now The sound changes occurring with final letters is much more complex. S and r only the only final consonants that can occur. Therefore, other final consonants either became n/r or changed the vowel.
 * Many nouns inserted e or a after r, liber > libère

Phonotactics
Aleña prohibits consonant clusters, except in loan words. This has led to the /je/ being a very common sound.

Stress falls on the penultimate vowel in Aleña, unless otherwise indicated by a accented vowel. Due to Aleña's policy of preventing consonent clusters, the maximum syllable (except in loan words) is CVC.

Nouns
In the transition from Latin to Aleña, the neuter gender was loss, along with all cases. While the netuer gender was lost, most neuter nouns became masculine nouns. Declensions for number still remain, but the ending changes depending on the gender. Nouns in Aleña usually end in a vowel, masculine nouns usually end in -on, -o or -u, and feminine nouns usually end in -a or -e,

Number
The declension for number depends on the noun. Note that è becomes e in plural nouns. Nouns that end in -n gain an accent in the plural form. Some loanwords have irregular plurals that must be memorized, for example itègral (mathematical integral) has the plural itègrali (integrals).

Regular number is listed below.

Pronouns
Aleña makes no T-V distinction. There are distinct pronoun forms of the nominative, accusative, dative, and reflexive cases (though reflexive and dative pronouns are the same). Aleña is pro-drop language meaning pronouns are always optional, but can be added for emphasis There are also distinct possesive pronouns. Personal pronouns have a special form when with the preposition con (with). They are listed below (note the object of a preposition is the same as the dative case). Aleña's interrogative pronouns are listed below. Aleña's pronouns maintain a higher level of case than other pronouns, with some maintaining four cases. Some of the interrogative pronouns are loan words from other romance langs. Aleña also has demonstrative pronouns. The equivalent of that one is listed below When preceding a word with a vowel, the e and a in èle and èla are often not pronunced, but are still written. The equivalent of this one is listed below.
 * Use the nominative when you are asking how many of the subject (i.e. How many are there - Cuió abrié?), and use the accuative when you are talking about an object (i.e. How many did you give to your friend - Cuié ili den e su/sa amigo/amiga?).

Adjectives
Adjectives in Aleña agree in gender and number with the nounn they are modifying. The gender and number of an adjective is indicated in the same fashion as nouns. To agree with a masculine noun, and adjective takes on -u  in the singular form, and an -i in the plural form. To agree with a feminine noun, and adjective takes on an -a in the singular form, and an -o in the plural form. The only adjectives that do not follow these patterns are adjectives that end in -n or -s.

Ex. bonon (good) Ex. lasos (tired) Comparatives are formed using mañi cuan (more than) or ''mino cuan (less than). ''

Ex. He is taller than you -> (Ile) ie mañie ietu cuan tu.

Ex. She is shorter than you -> (Ila) ie mino ieta cuan tu.

Ex. This one is better than that one -> Es ie mañi bonun cuan èle or ''Ès ie mañie bonan cuan èla. ''

Superlatives are formed using an article + mañi/mino + adjective

Ex. He is the tallest -> (Ile) ie li 'mañi ietu

Ex. She is the shortest -> (Ila) ie la mino ieta.

Ex. This one is the best -> ''Es ie li mañi bonun. or Ès ie la mañie bonan.''

Articles
Aleña has 4 definite and 4 indefinite articles that agree in gender and number with nouns. They are listed below

Indefinite Definite Articles in Aleña form special contractions withe the prepositions con (with), des (of/from), and è (to). Thesy are listed below.

Prepositions and Conjunctions
Aleña has many prepositions. 3 have already been introduced. A select number of prepositions are shown below. Note, many prepositions can be combined with des, and some prepositions are always combined with des. Aleña also has many different conjunctions. Some conjunctions in Aleña require the use of the subjunctive. Conjunctions in Aleña are listed below, along with the mood required. Whether or not a conjunction needs the subjunctive is different in Aleña than in other romance languages. Subjunctive is used when the outcome of an event is unknown, though it is always used after something conjunctions. Any conjunction + si (conjunction + if) always requires the subjunctive, e.g. ''A si ilos mieques, morerés (And if you eat it, you will die). ''

Verbs
There are 3 possible verb endings in Aleña, -air, -er, and -ir. There are 4 tenses in Aleña: present, past preterite, past imperfect, future. Aleña also makes no distinction between the simple and continuous aspects. Therefore there are no present participles in Aleña. Sound changes have created many irregular verbs, especially verbs with e in the stem (such as mecair). While Aleña no longer indicates the passive voice on the verb conjugation, it uses the imperfect passive subjunctive as the Moden Aleña imperfect subjunctive. It developed a future tense derived from aber + the infinitve and a conditional  from aber + the infinitive. It formed a new future subjunctive from èser + the io stem

Like other Romance languages, Aleña forms perfect tenses by using aber + the past participle (derived from the perfect participle). The past participle also serves as the adjective form of a verb. Note that in all conjugations, the present subjunctive comes from the io stem.

First conjugation (-air stems) ex. amair - to love There are many irregualr -air verbs; however, the most common ones are -cair, -gair, and -lair verbs, which experiece stem changes in the Present indicative (only ile and iles forms), Present Subjunctive (except io form), Future Subjunctive, and Imperative conjugations.

-cair --> -qu-

-gair --> -gu- -lair --> -ll-

Second conjugation (-er stems) ex. eñer - to need

Third conjugation (-ir stems) ex. edir - to hear There are two auxiliar verbs in Aleña, èser (to be) and aber (~to have, similar to haber in Spanish). Their conjugations must be memorized, and are listed below

-èser (to be) Passive voice is expressed in a simple manner. A conjugated verb of èser + the past participle. The conjugation agrees with the patient of the verb. For example, He was loved by me = Ie amaidon pèr mi. This is true except for some verb concepts such as cuoyer (to like, a German loan word) is always passive (I like it = Cuoyin pèr mi, it is liked by me). Then èser is not needed in that case.

Example text
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article I)

Oño dol pieno naquie libero a cuialos in diñita a dietéro...