Late Boselenan

The Late Boselenan language (tyerę Boselenesche kórd) is the variety of Boselenan decended from Early Boselenan, which is characterised by extensive borrowing from Portuguese and several sound and orthographical changes.

=Changes from Early Boselenan=

Changes in Phonology
The most common sound change was that of the common sound combination /ie/ becoming the regular vowel /e/ in almost every case. This new sound is represented by the e-caudata <ę>, which represents the same sound as <é>.

The bilabial consonants /p/, /b/ and /m/ also went through severe weakening. After a vowel, they became [ɸ], [β] and a nasalised [β] respectively. These later changed to [f], [v] and nasalised [v] and came to be represented by ,  and the digraph . Although later on, nasal [v] became denasalised, it is still represented by .

Labialised consonants also went through a variety of changes. /kʷ/ and /gʷ/ remain unchanged, although represented slightly differently in orthography. /ʃʷ/ and /ʒʷ/ became completely delabialised, merging with their non-labialised counterparts. /hʷ/ became /ɸ/, which later became /f/,

Sibilant consonants were also lost completely at the end of words, resulting in words like ko from previous kosh "carpet". If these words need to be pluralised, the sibilant consonant reappears (ko "carpet" > koshér "carpets"), it also does should a noun case suffix be needed to be added to the noun.

Palatal /ɲ/ became alveolar /n/ in all native Boselenan words, however it was later reintroduced to the language along with /ʎ/ in Portuguese loanwords.

The affricate /ts/ became /s/ in all circumstances.

Changes in Orthography
The most noticeable change in orthography between Early Boselenan and Late Boselenan is the use of the e-caudata/e-ogonek <ę> which represents /e/ from the collapse of the exceedingly common vowel combination /ie/. It represents the same sound as the letter <é>, and the use between them is entirely etymological. Old words such as shtienie "adequate" have become shtęnę.

The digraph  is also widely used, to represent the weakening of the nasal /m/ to a fricative /v/. It represents the same sound as the letter , and use of them both is entirely etymological.

The breve diacritic was abolished altogether. In vowel combinations, they were replaced with their non-breve counterpart (e.g. leĭ > lei, randaŏ > randao). When u-breve ŭ represented a labial consonant, different rules were implemented depending on the evolution of that consonant:
 * Gŭ and Kŭ, which have retained their labialised values, became represented with the more Portuguese-esque Gu and Qu respectively. If a word contains the sequence /gu/, then the combination ghu is used.
 * Hŭ came to represent the same value as , so was replaced by  in all circumstances.
 * Shŭ and Zhŭ delabialised, and became represented as Sch and Zch respectively.

Due to the influx of Portuguese loanwords, several Portuguese letters were retained to reflect etymology:
 * Lh and Nh were brought in to reflect the Portuguese palatal phonemes, initially pronounced simply /l/ and /n/ early on by native Boselenan speakers, but gradually came to represent their native portuguese values.
 * X was retained in Portuguese words representing the phoneme /ʃ/, for example pexe "fish" from Portuguese "peixe".
 * C had lost its original value that it had in Early Boselenan (/ts/), and had been replaced in all cases by s or ss. It since had only appeared in the combinations ch, sch and zch. Therefore it was deemed not too confusing to use it in the suffix -cao, borrowed from Portuguese, where the  represented the sound /s/. The -cao suffix was then applied to native Boselenan words - resulting in new coinages such as gavarcao "music making" from gavar "to play music" and new borrowings such as informacao "information".

As /ts/ had become /s/ in all circumstances, the letter  was replaced by  intervocalically and 's' elsewhere, relegating  to appearing in the combinations ch, sch, zch and cao.

The a-grave diacritic was also introduced to represent the elision of the la a combination. The sequence of words la a appears commonly, for example Lenei la a karro "I like the car", where la represents the nominative first-person pronoun "I" and a represents the definate article "the". As la a commonly became pronounced simply as la, the character à was used to show that it was pronounced as one vowel, but differentiated between them both. Resulting in Lenei là karro "I like the car".

Changes in the Alphabet
In contrast to Early Boselenan, the digraphs ch, gh, gu, lh, mh, nh, qu, sh, sch, zh and zch are rarely considered letters in their own right, rather as combinations of their constituent letters.

The letters é, ó, ę and ĥ with diacritics are considered seperate letters however, with their own position in the alphabet. The character à is slightly different, as it represents no sound of its own, and is purely an orthographical device representing the contraction of two adjacent a's. It is often classed as a letter in its own right, although this is not official.

=Basic Grammar= ...

=Dictionary= ...

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