Sinpa

Synapsis
Simpa was an Auxlang-Englang Cross language with inspiration of $$K\bar{e}len $$"Verbs" and Toki Pona. Now im reforming it to be a natural englang

Consonants
j: [j, ʝ, ʒ]

r: [ɾ, ɺ, ɻ, ⱱ, ɹ̆, r̆, ʁ̆, ʀ̆]

n: normally alveolar, but any nasal besides [ɲ] can be used.

Phonotactics
(C)V(n)

3 consonants (p, n, r) have all vowels

4 Consonants (t, k, s, j) aren't able to combine with "i" ("ti" and "ki" become "pi", "ji" and "si" become "ri")

1 Consonant (w) isn't able to combine with "u" ("wu" becomes "u")

The "n" is optional for all the combination

Pronouns
Also, "nanpi" can be used to make plural, however it has the meaning of "many..."

Verbs
All verbs derive from nouns, putting a Tense Adverb Example: noko ajen won kenta (I see you), noko ajen jan kenta (I'll see you), noko ajen ren kenta (I saw you)

Imperfect Aspect
For the imperfect aspect: If the verb is only one word long, then it uses the same verb twice, reduplicating it.

But if it's two or more words long, "nuru" (again) is putted beetwen the verb root and the tense adverb.

For example: noko ajen ajen won (I'm watching), ajen aparun nuru won (I'm telling a story).

Converbs
To make new aspects, a one-word verb is used as an auxiliar verb, the main verb is putted in the participle form, using "san".

F.E.: ipen nitinsi won ipen san rukan onwaka (A fish needs to swim in water)

Compounds
Nouns and verbs can be compounded by simply putting both together, ABC is (A*B)*C and ABCD is ((A*B)*C)*D

FE: ajen eran (eye epoch) -> ajen eran "history, time machine..."

FE: ajen aparun (eye dialog) -> to tell a story/text

if its necesary to put a "*" anywhere, "un" is used, so "AB un CD" (A*B)*(C*D)

For style reasons, a hyphen can be used as "un", althought is still seaded as "un" when necesary

Descriptors
All descriptors come from nouns, putting "on", beetween the root and the "complementeer", F.E.: jero on entera (land of color yellow), kena on kopen (new goverment)

Sentence Structure
Simpa has a really strict SVO word order and a set of some rules


 * 1) Simple subjects are 1 word long and there are fine, but if the subject isnt complex, a is used to separate the Subject from the Verb.
 * 2) If the sentence is negative, non is placed before the verb. noko ajen won kenta (I see you) -> noko non ajen won kenta (I not see you, I can't see you).
 * 3) Interrogative sentences are exactly like afirmative or negative sentences, but after the sentence, "ata" is used. kenta ajen won noko ata? (You see me?/ Can you see me?).
 * 4) Answers use also ata for afirmative answer and non ata for negative ones, "(non) ata rowo" can be used for: I (don't) know.

Gramatical Particles
ata: interrogative particle, answer particle

in: and, conjuntion

jan: future time, later

non: negation particle

on: modifier particle

ren: past time, ago

san: participle

un: compound partticle

won: present time, now

Plural
The plural normally is expressed with nanpi if it is many or a pronoun if it's a subject or an object, a third form to indicate a plural, slighly paucal is using the particle "n". Example ipen n, "some fishes/fishes"

Integers
"insenta" adds 50 and "enta" adds 100, The structure "N enta" adds N*100, 1000: teka enta, "nenka" makes the number negative, so nenka penta is (-5).

Numbers bigger than 10,000 (ten thousand) you have to say the excess digits as is own number. E: 23456789 is 2345 6789.

Racionals
There are two structrures to create racional numbers:

Fractionals / Mixted numbers
Using the word "pate", it creates the reciprocal of the number, F.E.: 1/2 is tuwon pate.

If you put an integer next to this construction, the reciprocal is multiplied by that integer, F.E.: 3/4 is (1/4)*3, so it's "teran pate suro"

To put mixed numbers, put the integer, and "in", that means and, to link both together. F.E.: 3 1/8 is 3+(1/8), so it's "suro in penta suro pate", and 2 4/5 (two and four fifths) is 2+(1/5)*4, so it's "tuwon in penta pate penta"

Coma / Decimals
Using the word "kopo", we separate the integer part from the decimal part, F.E.: 1.5 is "iwan kopo penta"

"kopo" alone can stand for zero. F.E.: 0.5 can be nante kopo penta, but normally is "kopo penta", like .5 (point five)

For small decimal parts, treating them as numbers is fine, but for larger ones, it sometimes divided into 2-digit parts that are said consecutively. F.E.: 3.141592 often is spitted like "teka teran, teka penta, insenta teka tera tuwon", which translates to "fourteen, fifteen, ninety-two"

For repeating units "nuru" its puted after the repeating part, F.E.: so 1/3=0.3..., "kopo suro nuru", like point three repeating, and 1/6=0.1-6..., so "kopo iwan, penta iwan nuru", like point one, six repeating.

Hours
The day begins at 6h, and it's composed in 12 double hours, divided in 2, 6 double hours, "suno" and "runa" or S and R.

To divide it into normal hours, use ipesi for initial hours and utara for finaler hours. So 21h is iwan runa utara and 14h is teran soro ipesi

Days, Months & Years
Basic Structure:

[0-28/29/30/31] entei, [1-12] raninson, [Number] anjo.

The order is Day/Month/Year

If the year number is negative, it's treated as Before Christ's year.

For example: 30/7/2021 8:57:

"suro teka entei, penta tuwon raninson, tuwon teka enta tuwon teka iwan anjo, iwan soro utara nenka suro ninuto" shortened sometimes to: "suro teka, penta tuwon, tuwon teka iwan, iwan soro utara"

Minutes & Seconds
Minutes are expresed using ninuto after a number.

For example: "noko ninuto ren tuwon teka ninuto", I've been waiting for 20 minutes (If the waiting has alredy stopped).

"noko ninuto won tuwon teka ninuto", I'm (still) waiting for 20 minutes (If the waiting hasn't stopped still).

"noko ninuto jan tuwon teka ninuto", I will (have to) wait for 20 minutes (If the waiting is now starting).

To express seconds, "sekuto" is used, F.E.: "enta tuwon-teka rowo san tuwon ninuto"

Kinship / Family system
To say other family members, just compound them in the order of moves that you need to make in the family tree

Both is used as a plural for both and as a gender neutral word. Also you can use the neutral words while creating the

Also there is a distintion beetween blood and mary relationships (nopina/nopino/nonpon vs erono/erona/eron)

If there is a word N times, replaces those words with the number + the word. Paternal grandfather: tuwon-panra

To make family words for the husband/wife family, "nopina/nopino" is used firstly and the rest are created as if "nopina/nopino" was "noko". mother-in-law: "nopina-nanra" / "nopino-nanra" / "nonpon-nanra" (LIT: wife's mother, husband's mother, married's mother).

cousins: parenton-eron-iron.

nieces: eron-iron.

The honorifics can be used if you met a family member, first time (jeron / jenan / jewen)

A
ajen: eye, to look

ajese: Ice, to cool

anjena: animal

anjo: year

aparun: dialogue, word, to tell

ata: sure?, interogative particle

E
eran: epoch, time interval

eron: siblings

erona: sister

erono: brother

enta: 100

entei: day

entera: earth, land, to land

entaje: empty. minimum, last, to empty.

epen: Event/Holiday, to organize an event/party

eranto: plant, to grow

esato: State, to be

I
ika: squid, to splat, to spill

insenta: 50

ira: daughter

iresi: reciever, to catch / recieve

iro: son

iron: offsprings

ipen: fish, to swim

iwan: one

J
jawon: house, building

jero: yellow

jeron: Sir

jenan: Madame

jewen: Honorific for non gender binary people

K
kaka: female

kapenru: Hammer, to smash

karon: Hot, to heat

kena: extra, new, to innovate

kenta: you (singular)

kentan: you (plural)

kopo: coma

kopen: goverment, politics, to democratize

kurin: green

N
nanra: mother

nante: zero

nanpi: many, to overwhelm

nenka: negative

nensa: dream, to dream

ninuto: minute, to wait

nitinsi: needs, to need

niren: middle, to be in the middle

noko: I

nokon: We (clusive)

nokono: We (Exclusive)

nonpon: married person, to marry.

nopoten: monster, fear, -phobia, to scare

noro: gothic, obscure

nuru: again

O
oranke: orange

osu: Rythym, beat, to feel the beat

onranru: Online, Internet, to connect to the Internet

onta: food, to eat

onwaka: water, to revolve/spin.

P
panra: father

paranta: blood, to bleed or have injuries

parento: parents

pate: part, to split

pagon: bag, container, to store

penta: five

pisun: full, maximum, to fill

poron: felines, foxes, to sneak

purun: dark blue

R
raninson: month

rente: red

rinsa: he, she, it, they (singular)

rinsan: they (plural)

ron: Rock, to roll

roro: male

rowo: knowing, to know

rukan: Site, location, to go

runa: Moon, to obscure

S
sarepi: weird, to freak out

sete: head, to control

sekuto: second

sero: ligth blue

soro: Sun, to shine

suro: three

T
tajeni: small, to shrink

teka: ten

teran: four

tonko: dog

turu: tool, to use a tool

tuwon: two

U
urira: Purple

usaron: Person, to meet

urenpo: Time, to tell time

usun: usable, use, to use

utara: transmitor, to launch / transmit

W
wajen: Cute, to be cute

wajon: White

wenen: Black

winsa: Ancient, to rediscover

woran: scary, to be scary