Gambese/Lexicon

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 * word /pronounciation guide/ \\ *root word < Root language ISO code

part of speech. definition If the word's equivalent cannot be found in that language, that language will be removed from the list. If the etymology is unclear (i.e., reconstructed by myself with Hawaiian, Māori, Marquesan, and Samoan words), it will be listed as *Ø.
 * Hawaiian: word in Hawaiian
 * Māori: word in Māori
 * Marquesan: word in Marquesan
 * Samoan: word in Samoan

Word List

 * ariki /a.ri.ki/ \\ *‘ariki < PP

n. chief, leader, mayor
 * Hawaiian: ali‘i
 * Māori: ariki
 * Samoan: ali‘i
 * hā‘ea /ha:.ʔe.a/ \\ *Ø

adj. wide
 * Hawaiian: ākea, laulā
 * Māori: whānui
 * Marquesan: fetea
 * Samoan: ateate, lautele
 * henwa /he.nʷa/ \\ *fenua < PP

n. earth, land, country, dirt, ground, soil
 * Hawaiian: honua
 * Māori: whenua
 * Samoan: fanua
 * hoa /ho.a/ \\ **

n. friend, companion

adj. friendly
 * Hawaiian: hoa
 * Māori: hoa
 * horohorona /ho.ro.ho.ro.na/ \\ *Ø

n. animal

adj. feral, animalistic, wild, uncontrolled
 * Hawaiian: holoholona
 * Māori: karekarehe
 * ika /i.ka/ \\ *ika < PP

n. fish

adj. slick, sly, nimble
 * Hawaiian: i‘a
 * Māori: ika
 * Marquesan: ika
 * Samoan: i‘a
 * i‘i /i.ʔi/ \\ *Ø

n. (used with indefinite article) [someone] small [in size], [someone] not tall; (similar to ri‘i)

adj. small [in size], not tall; (very similar, sometimes synonymous, to ri‘i, unimportant)
 * Hawaiian: iki
 * Māori: iti
 * Marquesan: iki
 * Samoan: itiiti
 * kurī /kʉ.ri:/ \\ *kulī < PP

n. dog
 * Hawaiian: ‘īlio
 * Māori: kurī
 * Marquesan: nuhe, peho
 * Samoan: ‘ulī
 * manu /ma.nʉ/ \\ *manu < PP

n. bird
 * Hawaiian: manu
 * Māori: manu
 * Marquesan: manu
 * Samoan: manu
 * ma‘wa /ma.ʔʷa/ \\ *matu‘a < PP

n. parent, elder, senior

adj. elder, olden, parent, old, ancestral
 * Hawaiian: makuakāne - father (makuahine - mother)
 * Māori: matua - parent
 * Marquesan: motua - father
 * Samoan: matua - parent
 * nahasi /na.ha.ʃi/ \\ *נָחָשׁ nakhásh < heb

n. snake
 * Hawaiian: naheka
 * Māori: neke
 * Marquesan: puhi henua
 * rākō /ra:.ko:/ \\ *Ø

n. timber, lumber, stick, branch
 * Hawaiian: lā‘au - tree, plant, wood, timber, forest, stick, pole, rod, splinter, thicket, club
 * Māori: rākau - tree, stick, timber, wood, spar, mast, plant
 * Marquesan: akau - stick
 * Samoan: la‘au - tree (lā‘au - stick)
 * ri‘i /ri.ʔi/ \\ *Ø

n. [someone] unimportant, [someone] insignificant, [someone who is a] nusance

adj. unimportant, small, insignificant, not big, minute (very similar, sometimes synonymous, to i‘i, small [in size]) roa /ro.a/ \\ *loa PP
 * Hawaiian: li‘i
 * Māori: riki

adj. big


 * Hawaiian: loa
 * Māori roa


 * vasine /va.ʃi.ne/ \\ *fafine < PP

n. woman, wife (with possessive), female

adj. specifies the head noun is a female
 * Hawaiian: wahine
 * Māori: wahine
 * Marquesan: vehine
 * Samoan: fafine
 * ‘ama /ʔa.ma/ \\ *tama < PP

n. child
 * Hawaiian: kama
 * Māori: tama - son (taitamaiti - child)
 * Marquesan: tama
 * Samoan: tamaitīti
 * ‘aya‘a /ʔa.ja.ʔa/ \\ *taŋata < PP

n. human being, person, human, human race
 * Hawaiian: kanaka
 * Māori: tangata
 * Marquesan: 'enata, kenana
 * Samoan: tagata
 * ‘āne /ʔa:.ne/ \\ *ta'ane < PP

n. man, male

adj. specifies the head noun as male
 * Hawaiian: kāne
 * Māori: tāne
 * Marquesan: tane
 * Samoan: tāne
 * ‘oke /ʔo.ke/ \\ *toke < PP


 * Hawaiian: ko'e
 * Māori: toke, noke
 * Marquesan: toke, noke
 * Samoan: 'anufe

Idiom/Phrase List

 * hoaoa o e ariki /ho.a.o.a.o.e.a.ri.ki/ \\ lit. friends of the chief

n. community, society


 * hoaoa o e ariki a rākōko ma'wa /ho.a.o.a.o.e.a.ri.ki.a.ra:.ko:.ko.ma.ʔʷa/ \\ lit. friends of the chief's elder branches \\ collo. arikirakoma

n. forest (colloquially, arikirakoma)


 * rākōko ma'wa /ra:.ko:.ko.ma.ʔʷa/ \\ lit. elder branches

n. tree (specifically, it refers to a full grown tree, esp. one a very old one; others, like new trees, fallen logs, and thin trees are lumped together under rākō, which can mean "lumber" as well)


 * vasine ma‘wa /va.ʃi.ne.ma.ʔʷa/ \\ lit. woman parent \\ collo. vasima

n. mother

note: the word ma'wa is used for both genders, meaning "parent," and is more commonly used than the gendered forms (this one, vasine ma'wa, and 'āne ma'wa) ‘āne ma‘wa /ʔa:.ne.ma.ʔʷa/ \\ lit. man parent \\ collo. 'ānema n. father

note:  the word  ma'wa  is used for both genders, meaning "parent," and is more commonly used than the gendered forms (this one,  'āne ma'wa,  and vasine ma'wa )

Swadesh List
Note that an asterisk in the Proto-Polynesian section means a direct derivation and those marked with a double asterisk are words that I am subbing into Proto-Polynesian from reconstructed Hawaiian. In the Gambese section, french loans are indicated by an italicized fr. next to the pronunciation and words whose ancestors are reconstructed from analyzing Hawaiian, Māori, and Samoan words are indicated by an italicized haw.