Isgalino

Isgalino: Scroll down and you'll see the Alphabet pronunciation and then Diphthongs.

=Alphabet Pronunciation= The letter and how they sound in English words. (Bracketed symbols are IPA)

A- Ant. [a]

B- Big. [b]

C- Car. [k] or [s] when followed by e or i

K- Kid. [k]

D- Dog. [d]

E- End. [ɛ]

F- Fox. [f]

G- God. [ɡ]

H- Hot. [h]

I- EEl. [i:]

J- Job. [dʒ]

L- Lot. [l]

M- Mob. [m]

N- Nip. [n]

Nh- New [ɲ]

O- On. [oʊ] and [ɒ] this pronunciation » oʊ� occurs when the o is at the end of the word.

Oh- used to indicate that the sound is that of [ɒ] and not [oʊ].

P- Pop. [p]

R- Rat. [ɹ]

S- Sat. [s]

T- Top. [t]

U- BOO. [u:]

V- Vet. [v]

Hu- Win. [w] Hu when followed by a vowel.

X- Fox [ks]

Y- You. [j]

Z- Zed. [z]

Diphthongs
(Bracketed symbols are IPA for English)

Ei long A in English Game. [eɪ]

Ai long I in English Friday. [aɪ]

Oi like in English Toy. [ɔɪ]

Ch like in English chocolate. [tʃ]

Sh like in English shock. [ʃ]

Jh like in the French Bonjour. [ʒ]

Ao like in the English Cow. [aʊ]

Au like in English audience. [ɔː]

Ou rarely used in Isgalino but when used is only used at the start of the word or within it and is not required at end. Represents sound like in English Code.

Cu like in English question. (When followed by o, a, i,e)

Gu like in English Language. (When followed by o, a, i,e)

Th like in English thigh [θ]

Dh like in English the. [ð]

Ar like in the English balm. [ɑː] In the Isgalino word gitarrei the r is doubled so that it isn't pronounced (giːtɑːeɪ) but correctly pronounced (giːtɑreɪ). This double r rule is used in er and ir also.

Er like in English there. [ɛər]

Ir like in English experience. [ɪr]

=Basic Grammar=

Common verbs
English- Isgalino

Isgalino verbs in their present form always end in "EI".

To/Be- Serrei

To/Do- Adei

To/Go- Irrei

To/Feel- Sentei

To/Fall- Setei

To/Move- Movei

To/Have- Tenei

To/Want- Kerrei

To/Function/work- Functei

To/Work- Trabakei

To/Wear- Yevei

To/Need- Nesitei

To/Look- Servei

To/Learn- Aprendei

To/Make- Constructei

To/Whisper- Nisaplei

To/Talk- Saplei

To/Say- Desirrei

To/Shout- Melisaplei

To/Lose- Perdei

To/Ask- Askei

To/Walk- Carrinei (Run - Melicarrinei)

To/Stand- Piei (Sit - Nipiei)

To/Start- Comensei (Stop - Nicomensei)

To/Jump- Soltei

To/Come/arrive- Arrivei

To/Think- Pensei

To/Know- Sabei

To/Like- Gustei

To/Love- Amei

To/Live- Vivei

To/Laugh- Rei

To/Kill- Matei

To/Cut- Cutei

To/Help- Helpei

To/Hear- Oidei

To/Fish- Pesei

To/Farm- Granei

To/Buy- Comprei

To/Born- Berthei

To/Eat/drink- Consumei (The noun. Food is Consuma)

To/Drink- Bevei (The noun. Drink is Beva)

To/Catch- Cogei

To/Use- Usei

To/Sleep- Slumbei

To/Rise/wake- Levantei

To/Rest- Restei

Can- Podo (Could- Podos)

Will- Ta (Would- Taos)

Shall- Shal (Should- Shalos)

An example sentence using some of the verbs above:

Le graneijo serveios i serveios ad e peseijo, li serreios peseigo in le acua.

In Isgalino there is no word for "went" instead it is the past tense of the verb "go". For example;

Le nijo irreios a colehio.

Common adjectives
English - Isgalino

Hunger- Fama. Hungry- Fami. Hungrily- Famon.

Thirst- Seta. Thirsty- Seti. Thirstily- Seton.

Happiness- Contenta. Happy- Contenti. Happily- Contenton.

Sadness- Nicontenta. Sad- Nicontenti. Sadly- Nicontenton.

Quick- Rapida. Quickly- Rapidan.

Suffixes & Prefixes
English - Isgalino

Ly- n (Happily - contenton.)

Y/ey- i (Sunny - soli.)

Y/ey- oi (Modesty - modestoi.)

Ful/some- oz (Mouthful - boshaoz.)

Many of these suffixes are also used in Isgalino.

The suffix ly modifies the root-word from an adjective into an adverb.

The suffix y/ey is added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning "having the quality of"

The suffix y/ey is used when forming abstract nouns denoting a state, condition, or quality.

A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. A prefix is called a preformative, as they can alter the form of the words to which they are fixed.

Some common prefixes of Isgalino.

English - Isgalino

Un/not- ni/no (Unhappy - nicontenti.) The prefix ni is used in Isgalino to show that the stem of the verb, adjective or noun is now the opposite or unlike.

Re- ri (Redo - riadei.) The prefix ri is used in the same way it is used in English.

Anti- anti (Anti-war - anti-guer.) The prefix anti is used the same way it is in English.

Beyond/extremely- ultra (Ultraviolet - ultrabon) The prefix ultra is used in Isgalino to emphasise how something is extremely something; e.g. Good, sad, tasty.

Old- palei (Old man - paleijo.) The adjective old tends to be used as a prefix in Isgalino when describing a noun as old.

Pluralising
To pluralise a noun which ends in a vowel add an s. Le shatos.

If the noun ends in a consonant pluralise with es. Medusa teneios mas kebes dhei e jo. - Medusa had more heads than a man.

Example sentences
In Isgalino equivalent of the is le.

''Huen ta le dhues tren arrivei? Faudhei le nija nesitei cogeios zoh rapidan.''

Le tren infaumeito es on le pared ovrei ayi.

Pronouns
English - Isgalino

I- Mi

(Me does not exist in Isgalino, Mi means both I, and Me.)

He- Li

She- Shi

It- Zoh

They- Lis

We- Mis

You- Dhi

You all/lot- This

Possessive Pronouns
English - Isgalino

My- Mio

Your- Dhio

His- Lio

Her- Shio

Our- Miso

You lot's- Dhiso

Their- Liso

Its- Zoho

Tense
Verbs in Isgalino always end in EI, this means the verb is in the present tense.

To make a verb the past tense in Isgalino add OS to the end.

To make a verb the future tense in Isgalino add AS to the end.

To make a verb a present continuing add GO to the end.

For example, "Michael thought he had a problem running"."Mikelo penseios li teneios e problem melicarineigo"

Preterite & present perfect
The preterite denotes an action that began and ended in the past.

I drank all day. - Mi beveios til dia.

Present perfect tense; an action that started in the past and is still going on.

I have been drinking all day. - Moh beveigo til dia.

--- have been- oh

I have been- Moh

He has been- Loh

She has been- Shoh

It has been- Zohoh

We have been- Misoh

You lot have been- Dhisoh

Past Perfect Progressive
--- had been- oh teneios

I had been- Moh teneios

He had been- Loh teneios

She had been- Shoh teneios

It had been- Zohoh teneios

We had been- Misoh teneios

You lot had been- Dhisoh teneios

Future Perfect Progressive
--- will have been- oh ta

I will have been- Moh ta

He will have been- Loh ta

She will have been- Shoh ta

It will have been- Zohoh ta

We will have been- Misoh ta

You lot will have been- Dhisoh ta

The past perfect progressive and future perfect progressive can be replaced by their counterparts: past perfect or future perfect.

Moh teneios carineigo fau oras huen mi nicomenseios restei.

I had been walking for hours when I stopped to rest.

Moh teneios carineios fau oras cueno mi nicomenseios restei.

I had walked for hours when I stopped to rest.

=Dictionary=

=Example text=

Til demojo serrei berthei liberta i icual in respecta i isos. Lis sentei i tenei motiva i consiensa i shalos trabakei helpei ich demojo as companhos.

Translation

''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They feel and have motive and conscience and should work to help each other as companions.''

Connectives
Isgalino - English

Con- With

Nicon or Nocon- Without (Literally "Not with").

No- Not (E.g. Mi no sabei)

Ad- At

As- As

Til- All

Niad- Away (Literally "Not at").

I (Written lower-case when not at the start of a sentence.) - And

Bero- But

O- Or

Faueso- Because

A- To

E- A

Es- Some

Mas- More

Nimas- Less

Es- Is

Eses- Are

Zoh- It

Se- If

Le- The

Who, what, when, where, why, etc.
English - Isgalino

Who- Hu

What- Kei

When- Huen

Where- Huer

Why- Fau kei

This- Esa

That- Eso

Them/those- Esas

These- Esi

Than- Dhei

There- Ayi

Here- Aki

Phrases
English - Isgalino

Good morning- Bon solevantei

Good day- Bon dia

Good evening- Bon sentra dia

Good night- Bon solsetei

Hello- Hala

Goodbye- Nihala

Welcome- Bonhala

Thank you- Grasi

Please- Plis

How are you- Como serrei dhi?

Yes- Sa

No- Nisa

Colours
English - Isgalino

Colour- Coloro

White- Blanco (Also means "Blank".)

Grey- Gri

Black- Nero

Blue- Blu (Also means "Sky".)

Red- Ru

Green- Gren (Also means "Grass".)

Purple- Perpuro

Yellow- Yelo

Numbers
Isgalino - English

Ono- One

Duo- Two

Trio- Three

Cuatro- Four

Fifo- Five

Seso- Six

Seto- Seven

Oto- Eight

Novo- Nine

Des- Ten

Duodes- Twenty

Triodes- Thirty

Cuatrodes- Forty

Fifodes- Fifty

Sesodes- Sixty

Setodes- Seventy

Otodes- Eighty

Novodes- Ninety

Sent- One hundred

Random food & Drink
English - Isgalino

Rice- Ris

Pasta- Pasta

Soup- Sup

Sausage- Salcha

Bread- Poma

Pasty- Pomo

Cake- Plasa

Egg- Huego

Milk- Lacha

Water- Acua

Juice- Jus

Flour- Flura

Sugar- Suga

Salt- Sal

Pepper- Pepa

Beer- Bia

Wine- Vina

Cider- Sida

Professions (English - er, ist, cian.) (Isgalino - jo or ja.)
English - Isgalino

Artist - Artajo

Scientist - Siensajo

Psychiatrist - Sikistrajo

Guitarist - Gitarreijo

Farmer - Graneijo

Musician - Musicajo

Magician - Majicajo

Physician - Sanajo (Also Doctor)

Historian - Istaurajo

Fisher - Peseijo

Subjects
English - Isgalino

Music- Musica

Art- Arta

Mathematics- Mates

Science- Siensa

Philosophy- Filosofa

Psychiatry- Sikistra

History- Istora

Language- Lingua

Countries & Nationality
English - Isgalino

England- Ingalina

English - Ingalino

Portugal- Portugalina

Portuguese - Portugalino

America- America

American - Americo

Mexico- Mexica

Mexican - Mexico

Spain- Spanha

Spanish - Spanho

France- Fransa

French - Franso

Italy- Itala

Italian - Italo

Germany- Germana

German - Germano

Household nouns
English - Isgalino

Floor- Pavmenta

Wall- Pared

Stairs- Scala(s)

Room- Cuarta

Bedroom- Cuarta rug

Bed- Rug

Bathroom- Cuarta tolet

Garage- Garajh

Garden- Gardin

House- Casa

Chair- Nipieia

Sofa- Sofa

Television- Teli

Animals
Dog- Cano

Bitch- Cana

Cat- Cato

F.Cat- Cata

Rabbit- Coneglo

R.Doe- Conegla

Bird- Thui

F. Bird- Thuia

Bear- Obo

B.Sow- Oba

Butterfly- Pixa

Wolf- Lufo

W.Bitch- Lufa

Fox- Vulpo

Vixen- Vulpa

Squirrel- Scuiro

F.Squirrel- Scuira

Parts of the body
English - Isgalino

Head- Keb

Nose- Naso

Mouth- Boc

Ear- Oida

Eyes- Oca(s)

Teeth- Denta(s)

Hair- Capela (Hair is classed as a singular noun when describing the hair of your head.)

Neck- Cola

Chest- Tauso

Back- Nitauso

Leg- Pieda

Knee- Pieda-kerva (Leg curve)

Foot- Pia

Toe- Piadeda

Arm- Bracha

Elbow- Bracha-kerva (Arm curve)

Hand- Mana

Finger- Deda

Organs
Heart- Cura

Lung(s)- Pulon(es)

Liver- Actum

Skin- Sila

People/family
English - Isgalino

Family- Familia

Human- Demojo

Man- Jo

Woman- Ja

Boy- Nijo

Girl- Nija

Father- Padro

Mother- Padra

Brother- Brodo

Sister- Broda

Son- Dejo (Literally "Of man".)

Daughter- Deja (Feminine version of "Dejo".)

Adult- Adulto

Child- Niadulto

Baby- Bebi

Friend- Amigo(a)

Friend/associate- Companyo(a)

Cousin- Primo(a)

Mister- Senho

Miss- Senha

In the kitchen
Chef- Cuco(a)

Kitchen- Cuarta cuco(a)

Knife- Cuta

Fork- Fauca

Spoon- Cucha

Ladle- Cuchao

Cleaver- Cliva

Tong(s)- Pinsa(s)

Pan- Pan

Saucepan- Panao

Cupboard- Boxa

Months
Onouari - January

Duouari - February

Trioari - March

Cuatrouari - April

Fifouari - May

Sesouari - June

Setouari - July

Otouari - August

Novouari - September

Desari - October

Desionouari - November

Desiduouari - December

Seasons
Spring-

Summer-

Autumn-

Winter-