User:Elector Dark/Sandbox/6

Phonology
Nasalisation on vowels is indicated with a tilde if short and circumflex if long, for example  and < sǫ̂pa >, or in the runic script with a low vertical line regardless of length, for example <> and <>.

Umlaut
The language features two forms of productive umlaut: i-umlaut which fronts non-front vowels and u-umlaut which backs or lowers non-back vowels. Where i-umlaut is triggered by the presence of /i/ in the following syllable, u-umlaut is triggered by the presence of /u/. The table below demonstrates the effects of both umlaut types:

When /a/ is followed by the triggering vowels but is outside the first syllable, it does not undergo classic umlaut and instead acquires the quality of said triggering vowels. The vowels /u i/, on the other hand, do not change their quality outside the first syllable.

The umlaut is applied mostly regularly: it is more-or-less consistent when there is only one intervening consonant, but is sometimes blocked by a cluster or long consonant. Long vowels can also avoid umlaut.

Morphology
Nouns can be strong, weak or mixed. Verbs can be strong, weak, reduplicating strong or weak, present-preterite, preterite-present, deponent or defective. Adjectives can be dependent or independent as well as strong or weak. Adverbs can be strong or weak. Articles can be strong or weak.