Ubell

=Orthography=

Basics
Vowels

Consonants

Orthographic Spelling Changes
=Grammar= Ubell grammar is the study of the rules governing the use of the Ubell language, a constructed Indo-European language.

Number
All Ubell nouns are inflected to show 1 of 2 numbers, singular or plural. There are 3 suffixes to show the nouns number:

-s, used with most nouns. Ex.: qko - qkos,

-es

-úx, used where -, cannot be used. Ex: Ovisarj - Ovisarjúx (Though some dialects may use Ovisarjes.)

-rj Nouns
-rj nouns are pluralized by adding -úx to the end of the noun. However, in Tònjaqki (a sub-dialect of Ruxqèvíqski) maintains the -es plural marker from Middle Ubell. The reason the 'new' plural marker -úx came to be is the ambiguity of the spoken language.

In Old and Middle Ubell, the word-final 's' was pronounced as the 'x' is (a feature of which majority of the Ariqkian branch of dialects has maintained). With using this feature, speaking of certain nouns would bring about much ambiguity, for example:

Ovisarjes (while pronouncing the 's' as a 'x') would be misconstrued as "ovisar jex"

Where Ovisarjes is the plural for sheep, Ovisar jex meaning "the sound you make, caused by the act of herding"

Declension
(*) - indicates that the case has historically retained it's gender markers throughout the case's declension

Ruxqèvíqski
=Sample Vocabulary=

(sing., pl - english) - (any text in red denotes spelling changes of all types)


 * 1) ovisarj, ovisarjúx - sheep
 * qko, qkos - boy
 * 1) qka - girl
 * 2) qki - child
 * gru, grus - group
 * 1) animal, animals - animal
 * 2) gru z animalogis - flock (lit. group of animals)
 * 3) vilja, viljas - village
 * 4) viljajer, viljajers - villager
 * 5) bromo, bromos - joke
 * 6) bromarti - to joke
 * 7) igu eqarti bromoges (z) [k] - to make fun (of) [at]...
 * 8) prto - black
 * 9) alb - white
 * 10) garje - gray
 * 11) rùbica - red
 * 12) albastro - blue
 * 13) galben - yellow
 * 14) virens - green
 * 15) portokalj - orange
 * 16) mov - purple
 * 17) maro - brown

=Example text=

O Qko Kem Gritet "Lupij" (The Boy Who Cried Wolf)

Imalo ena-tempst adin ovisarjiskim qkog, kem gi mantero oñrb grirú z animalogis adphu z viljajevò. Ena-tempst penset xta oñ igu eqao ut bromoges ki ženqu z viljoge t sig divertir k iñrb anksirú. Thönse, oñ kordíst k viljajevò prógritajet, s ot oñrb forzomirú, “Lupij! Lupij! Venijut ist t ajudajut ist! Is lups jeljet núm mnä ovisarjixkirús!”

Is amab viljajers ge dehent iñrb rabotirú t kordišent k ojstjevò p ajudarje on. Nu kwan iñ jegent o qko rekar k iñon p iñrb danjogirús; nó imalo-ma tó lup dajn.

Tvija otrím đija o qko tratet e miž bromoge, tis viljajers venramaž prókorerje p ajudarje icam oñ krvq iñon rekar otrím temps. Loggo ena đija adni lup entret e ojstoge t komencet matar is ovisarjixkogis. Ne gran medoge, o qko kordíst p ajudoge. “Lupij! Lupij!” oñ gritet. “Imalo lup ne groge z animalogis! Ajudajut ist!”

Is viljajers oramaž on, nuhi pensent ge bíla otrím ahmal bromoge; kto-ma go dareja nignú atencjonoge k oñon, nómató irdíst qerca on. To ovisarjiskim qko perddíst ot z oñrb ovisarjomirús.

Dat bjetú e arlan z kozoge xta gi pasajet kis psoas kem mentijut ut: hamaz kwan i skazaljet e vjerdađi, kto-ma ni gi krëjet.