Jzocra

Classification and Dialects
Jocrra ['dʒɔ.cʁa] has two known dialects: the rural dialect and the urban dialect. Differents betwen dialectrs are noted where applicable.

Consonants
Allophones are shown in paranthesis

Vowels
Diphthongs: /aʊ aɪ eɪ ɔɪ ui jV1 wV2/ where V is any vowel

1 except /i ɪ/

2 except /u/

Allophony
1. /t d n/ become [t̪ d̪ n̪] when between two vowels

2. /h/ becomes [x] at the end of a word or between two vowels

3. /ɾ/ becomes [ʁ] at the end of a word

4. /ɲ/ becomes [n] when followed by /jV/

5. /l/ becomes [ɬ] when preceded by a vowel

6. /θ/ becomes [ð] when at the beginning of a word

7. /aʊ/ becomes [a] when preceded by /x h ts dz/

8. (urban dialect) /V/ becomes [Vː] at the end of a word

9. (rural dialect) Vowels are nasalized at the beginning of words

Sound changes between words.
TODO: Fix formatting

Certain sounds at the end of one wrod and the beginning of the next word merge into one sound. This occurs in the follow cases

1. /s-s, z-z/

In this case, the two s or z sounds merge to form /ʃ/ and /ʒ /respectively. An example is shown below.

Ex.

ayas siloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaʃ.ilo.a]

ayaz ziloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaʒ.ilo.a]

2. /t-ʃ, d-ʒ/

In this case, /t/ and /ʃ/ and /d/ and /ʒ/ merge to form /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ respectively. An example is shown below.

Ex.

ayat shiloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎat͡ʃ.ilo.a]

ayad zhiloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎad͡ʒ.ilo.a]

3, [a-i, a-u]

In this case, /a/ and /i/ and /a/ and /u/ merge to form /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ respectively. An example is shown below.

Ex.

aya iloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaɪ.lo.a]

aya uloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaʊ.lo.a]

Stress
Stress in Jocrra is almost completely regular and follows these rules. For mono or disyllable words, stress is placed on the first syllable. For words of 3 syllables or longer, stress is placed in the antepenultimate syllable.

Syllables
Syllables in Jocrra consist of (C)(C)V(C)(C). The nucleus can be any vowel/diphthong. The coda may be anything except /x/ (except at the end of a word), a palatal, or an approximant/lateral approximant.

Writing System
1 written as Ch word initially

2 written as Dz word initially

3 written as J word initially

4 written as Sh word initially

5 written as Ts word initially

6 written as Jz word initially

Dipthongs:

Nouns
Nouns in Joccra decline for case and number. They are split into 4 declensions based on animacy and gender. Declension I nouns are animate living nouns and may be either male or female (with a few exceptions). Declension II nouns are animate non-living nouns and may be male, female, or netuer. Declension III and IV nouns are inanimate nouns are always neuter; they differ by the presence of ablaut.

Gender in Declension I is indicated by the noun ending (except for a few exceptions); there are guidelines for gender in Declension II but gender must be memorized for many nouns. For this reason, the dictionary form of every noun is the singular nominative + the indefinite article.

Though the amount of cases is the same for each dialect, which cases are present differs between dialects. However, all cases are present in standard Jocrra (the type used in legal documents and formal writing). The rural dialect uses an adposition to represent the locative case and the urban dialect uses an adposition to represent the genitive case.

Nouns decline for 4 numbers: singular, dual, plural (countable), and plural (uncountable). Singular, dual, and plural (countable) froms are distinct in all cases; however, plural (countable) and plural (uncountable) forms are similar in some cases. The plural (uncountable) form can be distinguished in that it always requires the subjunctive (when used in the nominative, accusative, or dative forms).

Declension I
Masculine nouns end in -ø, feminine nouns end in -è. Declensions are indicated through suffixes

Example noun: choilø, choilè - man (m.), woman (f.)

Irregular noun: veilè - life (n.)

Irregular noun: jzacrrø - death (n.)

Declension II
Gender of each noun must be memorized, but there are some guidlines. In general, nouns ending in -i, u, ü, eis, and -um are masculine; nouns ending in -a, à, cc, s (except -eis), and o are feminine; and nouns ending in -ve, -vo, -cca, -x, -ann, -enn, and -sto are neuter. Declensions are indicated through suffixes; there are 3 sub declensions. Declension IIa nouns end in a vowel, declension IIb nouns end in a consonant except -x and declension IIc nouns end in -x.

Example nouns: shavi, crèvà, neilax - water (m.), tree (f.), star (n.)

Irregular noun: auløsto - love (n.)