Qâêr

=Brief Overview= This is the evolved and modified version of Ancient Qâêr which came about due to the creation of the 8 Lesser Races seen in the brief history of the Qâêr at Sâfaolehracópâ. This is resulted in the Qâêr reforming their language for the new peoples, and also this evolved version features some assimilation and dissimilation from Ancient Qâêr which vame about purely due to time.

=Phonology=

Single Letters
NB - The consonants in parentheses next to the phonemes are the letters used in Qâêr (When using the Latin Alphabet) to write those particular phonemes and when there is no letter in parentheses then the letter which represents the phonemes is simply used.

Diphthongs

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! Diphthong ! English Pronunciation
 * êo
 * oɪ
 * aê
 * eɪ
 * âo
 * aʊ
 * ei
 * aɪ
 * oe
 * o
 * }
 * aɪ
 * oe
 * o
 * }
 * }

Vowels
=Phonotactics=

Consonants
Consonant Rules

Q and Hw are stand alone consonants, which means that only vowels can be placed on either side of them. They may also only be in the first and middle syllables of words. The consonants rules, where start means first syllable, middle the middle syllables and the end the last syllable, are as follows;


 * 1) Nasals
 * 2) May be placed at all syllable positions.
 * 3) Can never be before or after Fricatives.
 * 4) Can be before Plosives and Liquids but only after Approximants.
 * 5) Approximants
 * 6) May be placed at all syllable positions.
 * 7) Apart from when being before Nasals, they are always voiced.
 * 8) Can be placed at the start, before and/or after vowels.
 * 9) Can be before and/or after Fricatives.
 * 10) Are unvoiced before Nasals but cannot be placed after Nasals.
 * 11) Can never be before or after Liquids.
 * 12) Approximants can be before Plosivesbut never after.
 * 13) Fricatives
 * 14) May never be in the first syllable.
 * 15) Can never be before or after Plosives or Nasals or Liquids.
 * 16) Can be before and/or after Approximants.
 * 17) Apart from Dh, Fricatives are never voiced.
 * 18) Liquids (J & W)
 * 19) May never be in the last syllable.
 * 20) Can never be before or after Fricatives or Approximants.
 * 21) Can never be before Plosives or Nasals.
 * 22) Plosives
 * 23) May never be in the last syllable.
 * 24) Can be after Nasals and Approximants.
 * 25) Can never be before or after Fricatives.
 * 26) Can be before Liquids

Syllable and Stress
Syllable Structure - (C)(C) V C (C)

The rule for stress placement in Qâêr is that the accentuated vowel is always stressed however there are strict rules regarding stress placement which are as follows;


 * The stress is always on the lasy accentuated syylable except stress can never be on the last syllable, except in words two syllables long if the last syllable is the only accentuated one.

=Grammar=

Sentence Structure
The sentence structure in Qâêr follows a simple pattern. To start off the basic structure is - VERB - SUBJECT - OBJECT.

The order of phrases is a sentence is;


 * VP (Adv.P) NP (Adj.P) (NP) (Adj.P) (PP)


 * Where - NP is a Noun Phrase, VP is a Verb Phrase, Adj.P and Adv.P are Adjectival and Adverbial Phrases respectively, and PP is a Postpositional Phrase.


 * NB The things in (_) above are not olbigatory.

In these phrases the structure is different to that of English;

In Qâêr VPs consist of a verb, adverb, voice particle, and the mood particle. The mood particle always comes first followed by the voice article then the verb then the adverb. (The VP structure here is different to English which in VP's puts the object in as well [e.g in "John Kissed the girl" - the bold part is one phase, a Verb Phrase.] whereas in Qâêr this is not so due to the different structure of VSO)

In NPs the noun is always first followed by its determiner(if any) then its adjective(s), or an NP may consist also of just a pronoun.

In PPs the verb (if applicable i.e in Phrasal/Prepositional verb constructions) comes first, followed by the noun, then its determniner and adjectives, and lastly the postposition itself (called thus postposition ceuase it follows the noun (post) rather than a preposition which precedes the noun (pre).

In general these, VP, NP, and PP, structures can be broken down thus;


 * VP= Mood Particle + Voice particle + Verb + (Adv.)


 * NP= Noun + (Det.) + (Adj.)


 * PP= VP [(Mood) + (Voice) +(Verb)] + NP [(Adverb) + Noun + (Det.) + (Adj.)] + Postposition


 * NB in the layout above the things in (_) means they are not obligatroy.

Distinctions
Nouns
 * - Difference between plural and singular
 * - Un/Defined
 * - Possessiveness

Personal Pronouns
 * - Number ( I vs. We)
 * - Animacy
 * - No distinction between he and she
 * - Case (Erg vs. Abs)
 * - Possessiveness

Verbs
 * - Aspect/Tense
 * - Gender Agreement

Adjectives
 * - Comparative

Noun, Verb and Adjective Structure
Nouns Structure

Verbs Structure

Adjective Structure

Aspect and Tempus
The Imperfective 2 Aspect here seen in the table is the Conative Imperfect Aspect and is further explained in the Aspect Section.

Cases
Qâêr is an Ergative/Absolutive Language. In an Ergative/Absolutive Language the Agent of transitive verbs is alone whereas the Subject of intransitive verbs and the Object of transitive verbs is the same case. Transitive Verbs require both a direct object and one or more objects while Intransitive Verbs do not take an object and has only one argument (The Subject) and also has a Valency of One. In general this means that in Qâêr the Agent is separate from the Subject and Object and the Subject and Object are the combined.
 * Example of Qâêr Translation into English; I killed her (I = Agent) She killed me (Me = Object) Me Slept (Me = Subject)
 * As seen above the subject and object are combined into Me not like in English where the Agent and Subject are combined (Both being I).
 * Note - Please see the declension table below for non-personal and pronoun declensions.

Declension Table for Nouns
NB The (-) indicates the last syllable is removed before adding the suffix.

Copulas
There is one Copula in Qâêr and it is Mellon.

Mellon is used with adjectives and nouns, it is a version of the English verb to be in this sense. It conjugates thus;


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! ! Mellon ! ! Mellon
 * I
 * mel
 * style="background-color: #999999"|
 * style="background-color: #999999"|
 * He/She
 * mên
 * They
 * lon
 * You
 * mol
 * You (Plural)
 * lon
 * It
 * âle
 * It (Plural)
 * âlem
 * We (Exclusive)
 * nel
 * We (Plural)
 * nâl
 * }
 * We (Exclusive)
 * nel
 * We (Plural)
 * nâl
 * }


 * NB The pronouns used with Mellon take Agent(Ergative) case.
 * When referring to a person in general, someone of high authority, and/or personally unknown to the speaker or listener(s), then the conjugated form for They is used.

Verb Agreement
Verb conjugation works as a suffix in Qâêr and is dependant on the Agent, Subject, and Object in the sentence. There are six inflectional suffixes for verb agreement that all attach onto the verb depending on these things;

Intransitive Verbs These suffixes are always accentuated and depending on the location of the other accentuated vowels may or may not change the placement of stress.

Transitive Verbs These suffixes are always accentuated and depending on the location of the other accentuated vowels may or may not change the placement of stress.

Negation
Verb negation is done by adding the prefix non- to any particular verb one wishes to negate. Double negation is done by adding the prefix nâon-to any verbs.

The negation of adjectives is done also in a similiar fashion by adding the negation prefix to the adjective thus obtaining results such as Happy - Unhappy

Derivation
All the following are Prefixes which remove the first vowel (if applicable, i.e is simple added if the word begins with a consonant) when being attached to the host.

Adjective --> Adverb (eliminates the first vowel if one exists) - we
 * Example; ijânei (Quick) > wejânei (Quickly)

Adjective --> Noun nê
 * Example; Happy > Happiness (This is an abstract noun)

Noun --> Verb ren
 * Exmple; Glory > Glorify

Noun --> Adjective enen
 * Exmple; Recreation > Recreational

Adjective --> Noun roee
 * Example; Slow > Slowness

Transitive Verbs --> Intransitive Verbs -- Ablaut o/ô/ó
 * In English this is not shown, e.g. Give can be both Transitive or Intransitive
 * E.g.; I give to charity (Intransitive) vs. I give Mary Money (Transitive)

Intransitive Verbs --> Transitive Verbs -- Ablaut i/î/í

Adjectives --> Transitive Verbs (eliminates the first vowel if one exists) -- bê
 * Example; Rich > Enrich

Nouns --> Transitive Verbs (eliminates the first vowel if one exists) -- hí
 * Example; Rapture > Enrapture

Gerunds
Qâêr has no gerunds and does not use or incorporate them in any way, instead the Present Active Participle takes the place and function of Gerunds in Qâêr.

Interrogative Words
The interrogative particle lê will be inflected with prefixes and these will phrase interrogative words such as what, where e.c.t. The interrogative particle without one of these prefixes will just be turned into a normal question.


 * What = qâ + lê – qâlê
 * Where = q + ê – qê
 * When = qê + lê – qêlê
 * Who = qen + lê – qenlê
 * Why = qî + lê – qîlê
 * How = fe + lê – felê
 * How Much = sâ + lê – sâlê
 * Note – when using any of these interrogative words in Subordinate or Relative clauses, just the prefix is used, not the prefix with the particle.

=Dictionary=

=Examples=

Basic Numbers
The Qâêr number system is similar to the English or German one, in that the system is based of the number ten. The basic numbers from 0-10 are as follows;

0 - na

1 - on

2 - so

3 - sen

4 - lot

5 - ros

6 - mel

7 - ses

8 - opo

9 - nes

10 - kârs

Teen Numbers
With the numbers 11-19 however there is a different pattern involved;

11 - kârson

12 - kârso

13 - kârsen

14 - kârsolot

15 - kârsros

16 - kârmel

17 - kârses

18 - kârsopo

19 - kârnes

In relation to the numbers, the basic consonant rules apply.