Doudouling-2018

Idea
The main idea of my artificial language is to simplify Latin words into one optional consonant plus one vowel plus one optional nasal structure, namely (C-V-N) structure. That is because we think this structure is the best for singing. Also, it is required to avoid adding too many extra syllables. And the spelling should be very close to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). And the stress position should not impact the meaning of the word.

It is trade-off between two options

1) dropping the character not fit into the (C-V-N) structure, which will lose too much info, cause conflict and hard to remember; think about {extract} become {eta}.

2) padding vowels, which will cause too many syllables, and too many repetition of the padding vowel; think about {extract} become {ekusuturakutu}

So the way is to insert some weak syllables to compensate the information loss of the dropped sounds.

For example, {extract} => {e-k-str-a-k-t} => {edzahiijii} pronounced as [ɛ-'d͡zɑ-hi-i-ji-i]. The right-side {t} is dropped and compensated by {hi}; The right-side {k} is dropped and compensated by {i}; The {r} is dropped and compensated by {ji}; The left-side {k} is dropped and compensated by {i}.

History
The first version was published in 2004, and an updated version is published in 2014.

Version 2004

Version 2014

Version 2015

Version 2017

Version 2018

Design
Introduction

Principles: compress Latin words into {C-V-N} syllables

The main idea of my artificial language is to simplify Latin words into the structure of one optional consonant plus one vowel plus one optional {n} or {m}. That is because we think this structure is the best for singing. Also, it should avoid adding too many extra strong syllables. And the spelling should be very close to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). And the stress position should not impact the meaning of the word.

Step 1: simplify consonants and consonant clusters

Simplify consonants and consonant clusters to the consonants as below by the rules below.

Rules:


 * {sp} => {ts};
 * {st} => {dz};
 * {sc} {sk} => {dz} (via {sti-});
 * {pt} => {b};
 * {ph} => {f};
 * {w} => {v};
 * {th} => {t};
 * {c} ([s]), {x} (at the beginning of a word), {ch} ([ʃ]/[tʃ]), {ti} ([ʃ]) => {j};
 * {j}, {y} => {g} (via {gi-});
 * {q}, {c} ([k]), {ch} ([k]) => {k};
 * {r} => {w};

For some complex clusters, add an {e} to split them, such as {partner} and {investment}.

Step 2: simplify vowels and diphthongs

Simplify the vowels and diphthongs as rules below.

Rules:


 * {ao/oa} => {au} => {a};
 * {ae/ea} => {ai} => {e};
 * {ee} => {ei} => {i};
 * {oo} => {ou} => {o};
 * {oe/eo/eu} => {oi} => {u};

Convert vowel {y} to {i}; and drop some less important vowels.

Step 3: Compensate the lost sounds

If keeping only the consonant-vowel-nasal structure for each syllable, it often causes great loss of information and then create confusions. So we need to add some weak syllables between the last vowel and last nasal to compensate the lost sounds.

Rules:

Treat the final {m} as {n} with a lost {b}
 * If there is no dropping, and the last vowel is not {u}, compensate {u}
 * If there is no dropping, and the last vowel is {u}, compensate {o}
 * If there is any dropping, add compensating suffixes in the reverse order, according to the rule table as below.

Examples

The first column is Latin word. The second column is {CVN} structure after simplification. The third column is the sounds dropped. The fourth column is Doudouling word after compensation.

Examples:

Word choice

The Latin word we used are the words composed of Latin roots which appear in English.

Stress

The stress is at the rightmost vowel which is the same as the last vowel.

Center of a phrase

When a center word of a phrase is a single-syllable {C-V-N} word, it sounds not strong enough. To make it sounds better phonetically, we add {u} or {o} after the vowel of the center word. Examples {with me} => {ve mi} => {ve miu}; {who is he} => {ki dze go} => {ke dzeu go}; {for this} => {po ji} => {po jiu}; {the two} => {la du} => {la duo};

Influence
Languages which have influence on this language include:


 * 1) Latin
 * 2) French
 * 3) English
 * 4) Spanish
 * 5) Portuguese
 * 6) Italian
 * 7) Chinese
 * 8) Japanese

Syllable structure
The allowed word structure is one or multiple consonant-vowel-nasal syllables with an optional silent ending consonant letter.

It can be express as a regular expression as below:

Mnemonic alphabet table
There is another alphabet layout table as below, which shows better the style of this language and help remembering them.

Grammar
Number is indicated by the article. For example: {la hovun} meaning {the man}, {le hovun} meaning {the men}.

Person can be indicated by pronoun suffixes. For example: {miwu mi} meaning {I see}, {fewu lu} meaning {they do}.

Tenses and voices can be indicated by modal verbs. For example: {la dzudehin dzudiu va} meaning {the student will study}, {le hovun dovuwun ha} meaning {people slept}, {la pobevuwuwun dze sovuwu ti} meaning {the problem is solved}.

Accusative (subject) pronouns can be put in front the verb or after it. Dative pronouns can also be treated the same. For example: {se dihe mi} meaning {I say it}, {te se doun ha mi} meaning {I have given it to you}.

Person, tenses and voices can be indicated by chained suffixes, and also with accusative pronouns. For example: {te miwu va mi} meaning {I will see you}, {doun ti ha go la libewu} meaning {He has been given the book}.

Dictionary
(TBD)

Swadesh List
The Doudouling-2018 column may contain both short form and long form of the same word.

Reflective introduction of Doudouling-2018
La intodujowun

Le pinjipehuwu: a kompejiji le vevuwu de Latiun ehin le silabehuwu {K-V-N}

La ideau de ma lien atifijahuwu dze a simpifihu le vevuwu de Latiun ehin la dzutuwoowo de u konsonahin obonahu ve u vovehu ve u {n} o {m} obonahu. Dzeu ho ke se pejin nu ke je dzutuwoowo dze la fo boun po a kanhin. E, devu go a pevehijin a inkejiji dza muhiji de le silabehuwu edzawuu. E, la dzibuwowo devu dze muhiji pojiji a la Afabehiji Fonetie Intenajonahuwu (IPA). E, la posijoun de ajehiin ne devu a impahii la semahin de la vevuwu.

La faji uon mo: a simpifihu le konsonahin e le kombinajoun de konsonahin Fe simpifihu le konsonahin e le kombinajoun de konsonahin a le konsonahin infewu pe le weguho infewu.

{b} {p} {ts} {m} {f} {v} {d} {t} {dz} {n} {s} {j} {g} {k} {h} {w} {l}

Le weguho

{sp} => {ts}; {st} => {dz}; {sc} {sk} => {dz} (via {sti-}); {pt} => {b}; {ph} => {f}; {w} => {v}; {th} => {t}; {c} ([s]), {x} (i la owigiun de u vevuwu), {ch} ([ʃ]/[tʃ]), {ti} ([ʃ]) => {j}; {j}, {y} => {g} (viau {gi-}); {q}, {c} ([k]), {ch} ([k]) => {k}; {r} => {w};

Po mu kombinajoun kompieje, poun u {e} a li sepawahi, ko {partner} e {investment}.

La faji duo mo: a simpifihu le vovehu e le ditoiin

A simpifihu le vovehu e le ditoiin ko le weguho infewu.

Le weguho

{ao/oa} => {au} => {a}; {ae/ea} => {ai} => {e}; {ee} => {ei} => {i}; {oo} => {ou} => {o}; {oe/eo/eu} => {oi} => {u};

A konvehiji {y} a {i}; e wemovu mu vovehu de impotajijin miun.

La faji tiwu mo: a kompensahi le soun ke wemovu ti Si teun go sohu le dzutuwoowo {K-V-N} po pewu silabehuwu, ve fekehijin kajihi go mu pehiji gahijin de infomajowun e keahiji mu konfujoun. Da, kiwu nu a poun mu silabehuwu fagihuwu intewu la vovehu finahu e la nasahu finahu, po kompensahi le soun ke pehiji

Le weguho

A regahiji la {m} finahu ko {n} ve u {b} ke pehiji. Si nuho wemovu ti, e la vovehu finahu nei {u}, kompensahi {u}. Si nuho wemovu ti, e la vovehu finahu dze {u}, kompensahi {o}. Si mu fau wemovu ti, poun le sufijeee po kompensahi i la odewuwu wevejiji, sekehin la tabehu de weguho infewu.

La sitajoun \ La soun pehiji {d}/{t} {g}/{k} {s}/{z} {b}/{p}/{v}/{f} {r} {l} {i}/{u} {h}/{-} {dz} {ts} La sufijeee uon mo, podzi {i} {he} {e} {je} {vu} {wu} {hu} {fu} {u} {dzi} {tsi} La sufijeee uon mo, podzi {a} {e} {o} {hi} {i} {ji} {vu} {wu} {hu} {fu} {u} {dzi} {tsi} La sufijeee uon mo, podzi {u} {hi} {i} {ji} {vo} {wo} {ho} {fo} {o} {dzi} {tsi} La sufijiee duo mo, podzi {e} {e} {e} {e} {e} {je} {je} {he} La sufijiee duo mo, podzi {i} {i} {i} {i} {i} {ji} {ji} {hi} La sufijiee duo mo, podzi {o} {o} {o} {o} {o} {wo} {wo} {ho} La sufijiee duo mo, podzi {u} {u} {u} {u} {u} {wu} {wu} {hu}

Le esampehuu

La koluvon uon mo dze la vevuwu de Latiun. La koluvon duo mo dze la dzutuwoowo {K-V-N} podzi la simpifikajohun. La koluvon tiwu mo dze le soun ke wemovu ti. La koluvon kawuu mo dze le vevuwu de Dodoliehehen podzi la kompensajoun.

Le esampehuu

Latin CVN Dropped Doudouling state dza t dzahi sper tse r tsewu sport tso r t tsohiji science dzien j dziejin photo foto fotou wagon vagon vagoun cent jen t jehin center jente r jentewu aqu a k ai aquatic akati k akatie question kedzon kedzoun tank tan k tain xerox jewo k s jewojii chocolate jokola t jokolahi just gu dz gudzi adoption adobon adoboun train ten r i tefuwun tract ta r k t tahiiji create kea r t keahiji glad ga l d gahiji class ka l s kajiji cause ka u s kajihi daemon demon i demofun coffee kofi f i kofifuu moustache modza u j modzajihi phoenix funi i k s funijeehe phoenician funijan i funijafun europe uwo i p uwovuhu return wetun r wetuwon depart depa r t depahiji alt a l t ahiji art a r t ahiji arts a r t s ajiiji culture kutu r l kutuwowo court ko u r t kohijihi cant kan t kahin simple simpe l simpehu hom hon b hovun autumn atun u b atuvohon environment enviwommen t enviwommehin fact fa k t fahii experiment etsewimen k t etsewimehiin sign sin g sien dogmatic domati g k domatiee construct kondzu r k t kondzuhiiji verb ve r b vevuwu partner patene r patenewu investment invedzemen t invedzemehin continue kontinu kontinuo Doudouling dodolin u u g Dodoliehehen data data datau exact esa k k t esahiii slave sa l v savuwu salv sa l v savuwu next ne k dz nedzii

La selejoin de vevuwu

Le vevuwu de Latiun ke utilije nu dze de le wadijee de Latiun ke apewuhuu i Engijeje.

La ajehiin

La ajehiin dze su la vovehu la fo dedzewuu ke nei la sivun ko la vovehu finahu.

La jentewu de u fajiji

Du la vevuwu jentewahu de u fajiji dze u vevuwu de silabehuwu singulawu, sa soun nei fohiji sufijehiin. Po fewu ke sa soun dze tse boun ve fonetie, poun nu u {u} o {o} podzi la vovehu de la vevuwu jentewahu. Le esampehuu {with me} => {ve mi} => {ve miu}; {who is he} => {ki dze go} => {ke dzeu go}; {for this} => {po ji} => {po jiu}; {the two} => {la du} => {la duo};