Samsprak (work in progress)

Introduction
Welcome to my Conlang wikia! I haven't come up with a real name for it yet, so Samsprak will be the placeholder name. Samsprak means language.

Suggestions: Herkonoivti (Language of the people)

Conlang Goal
This language is going to be entirely personal. I might use it for some future project which involves world building, just to broaden my linguistic and geographic creativity a little bit. It will primarily be about how the language would be used in speech, although I might come up with a writing system later. For now, its natural orthography will be the Latin script. Since I really like applying as much grammar as I can, the language could turn out to be a bit too complex. Perhaps I’ll recreate it later as a simpler version. Note: I should keep changing it until it’s perfect. I shouldn’t be stuck with a language I don’t like.

Grammar Stuff
- Adjectives

Types: ''action/from noun or verb: -dé, color: -jé, person: -ké, quality/opinion: -ré, size: -vé, state: -né, other: -té, time: -sé  Forms: comparative: mer-, superlative: mös-, exceedance: pre-, negative comparative: min- negative superlative: mis-, neg exceedance: pes-''

Adjectives in their nominative form always end in -é, unless paired with an animated gender noun.

- Cases

The case markers will replace the vowels in the end of a word.

Long vowels cannot be replaced. However, with adjectives, the í moves to the back of the word.

If the word has a definite article, the ending vowels will stay and the case marker will come behind the -n.

- Genders (4):

masculine animate -i, feminine animate -a, ambiguous animate -o, neuter -e

Genders mostly matter in adjectives, pronouns and verbs, but not so much in nouns. In fact, in verbs it’s required to state a gender, although -o is frequently used in ambiguity.

You will also come across gender vowels in pronouns, titles, and other things that have to do with people or other living beings.

Nouns almost always end in vowels, but the vowel often isn’t a correct representation of the gender. However, animate gendered nouns do always end in their respective vowel.

- Other (infixes and suffixes)

Augmentative infix -ulk - mæni (man) > mænulki (big man)

Diminutive infix  -iat - mæni (man) > mæniati (boy)

Plural suffix  -j (always goes before the definite suffix) Collective infix (5+)  -ih -

Definite suffix animate  -n inanimate  -t

Person (title) suffix  -lo (affected by gender) - Juvkajar (to sell) / Juvkajlo (salesperson)

Place (of purpose) suffix  -pa - Juvkajpa (store)

Place (you can put something in) suffix  -va - Juvkajva (cash register)

Abstract noun suffix  -eika - Jaherkné (Lonely) Jaherkeika (loneliness)

- Parts of speech modifiers

Note that these serve as common guidelines and not as strict rules.

Adjectives can be formed from nouns by removing the ending vowels of the noun. Note that there can't be any duplicate ending consonants in adjectives.

Adjectives can also be formed from verbs by removing the infinitive -r and the preceding vowel.

Adverbs can be formed from adjectives by replacing the already existing long vowel with a -ú. Nouns can be formed from verbs by removing the -r. This doesn't always make sense, but generally, it works.

Verbs can be formed from nouns by adding the -r with a preceding vowel. This vowel is often the same as the vowel used before the infinitive marker. Just like making nouns out of verbs, this doesn't always make sense either.

- Pronouns

Pronouns are also affected by cases, exactly in the same way as nouns are. The only irregular thing is the 3rd person singular, which ends in a long vowel that cannot be replaced or removed.

- Tenses (6):

past simple, present simple, present perfect, present continuous, future simple, future perfect 

- Verbal nouns

You can take the infinitive of a verb, add an n, and then repeat the last vowel to form nounified verb.

vesar > vesarna, nomor > nomorno, hölder > hölderne, etc

- Vowel 'harmony?':

There are two groups of vowels you aren't likely to see together. Although this only applies to the root of a word. Two words, each containing another group of vowels, can be stuck together to make a new word, thus making the seeming harmony obsolete.

There is one exception here, the vowel "i". This one commonly appears in group 1, but can also often appear in group 2.

Group 1: a o u 

Group 2: æ ö y e

Pronouns
Pronouns are also affected by cases, exactly in the same way as nouns are. The only irregularity is the 3rd person singular which ends in a long vowel that cannot be replaced or removed.

Just like verbs, pronouns heavily depend on gender.

masculine animate -i, feminine animate -a, ambiguous animate -o, neuter -e

The reflexive pronoun is only used if something can be not be expressed by means of the reflexive verb infix -es. This pronoun does not depend on gender outside of the nominative.

Noun Cases
The case markers will be placed in the end of the word. It will in most cases replace the vowels in the end of a word.

Long vowels can in no case be replaced and will always stay where they are.

If the word has a definite article, the ending vowels will stay and the case marker will come behind the -n.

When the word is originally in plural, an extra vowel + j will be added to the case marker.

Nominative -

Mæni je kvira/Mænij je kviraj (A man and a woman/Men and women)

Mænin je kviran/Mænijn je kvirajn (The man and the woman/The men and the women)

Accusative -ut / -uit

Mæni juvamotí talut/Mænij juvamotij taluit (A man buys a house/Men buy houses)

Mænin juvamotí talotut/Mænijn juvamotij talotuit (The man buys the house/The men buy the houses)

Dative

- (to/for) -eþ / -eiþ

Mæni juvamotí talut kvireþ/Mænij juvamotij taluit kvireiþ (A man buys a house for a woman/Men buy houses for women)

Mænin juvamotí talotut kviraneþ/Mænijn juvamotij talotuit kviraneiþ (The man buys the house for the woman/The men buy the houses for the women)

- (from) -oþ / -oiþ

Kvira motá talut mænoþ/Kviraj motaj taluit mænoiþ (A woman gets a house from a man/Women get houses from men)

Kviran motá talotut mæninoþ/Kvirajn motaj talotuit mæninoiþ (The woman gets the house from the man/The women get the houses from the men)

Genitive

-possessive, alienable ('s) -s / -si

Kviras talov/Kvirajs taloiv (A woman's house/Houses of women)

Kvirans talotov/Kvirajns talotoiv (The house of the woman/The houses of the women)

Kvira mistá talov/Kviraj mistaj taloiv (A woman has a house/Women have houses)

Kviran mistá talotov/Kvirajn mistaj talotoiv (The woman has the house/The women have the houses)

-passive possessive, inalienable (of) -son / -soin

Note: inalienable objects include body parts, family, and really good friends.

Kviras herkiatson/Kvirajs herkiatsoin (A woman's child/Children of women)

Kvirans herkiatonson/Kvirajns herkiatojnsoin (The child of the woman/The children of the women)

Kvira mistá herkiatson/Kviraj mistaj herkiatsoin (A woman has a child/Women have children)

Kviran mistá herkiatonson/Kvirajn mistaj herkiatojnsoin (The woman has the child/The women have the children)

-relative, partitive, passive possessive (of) -ov / -oiv

Kapi vrisihov/Kapij vrisihoiv (A glass of water/glasses of water)

Kapit vrisihatov /Kapijt vrisihajtoiv (The glass of water/The glasses of water)

Vrisklulka nönesmerov/Vrisklulkaj nönesmeroiv (A sea of the north/Seas of the north)

Vrisklulkat nönesmertov/Vrisklulkajt nönesmertoiv (The sea of the north/The seas of the north)

Note: Don't worry, you can also just say "nönesmervrisklulka"

Locative

-inessive (in) -as / -ais

Bauvas/Bauvais (In a building/In buildings)

Bauvatas/Bauvatais (In the building/In the buildings)

Also used for:

''-Telling time. At 1 PM / On Thursday / In July / in 2010 /''

-superessive (on) -am / -aim

Bauvam/Bauvaim (On a building/On buildings)

Bauvatam/Bauvataim (On the building/On the buildings)

Also used for:

''-Telling direct time. Today / Tonight''

-adessive (at/by) -av / -aiv

Bauvav/Bauvaiv (At/by a building/At/by buildings)

Bauvatav/Bauvataiv (At/by the building/At/by the buildings

-intrative (between) -al / -ail

Bauval/bauvail (Between a building/Between buildings)

Bauvatal/Bauvatail (Between the building/Between the buildings)

-suressive (above) -an / -ain

Bauvan/Bauvain (Above a building/Above buildings)

Bauvatan/Bauvatain (Above the building/Above the buildings)

-subessive (under) -ap / -aip

Bauvap/Bauvaip (Under a building/Under buildings)

Bauvatap/Bauvataip (Under the building/Under the buildings)

-elative (from inside) -es / -eis

Bauves/Bauveis (From inside a building/From inside buildings)

Bauvates/Bauvateis (From inside the building/From inside the buildings)

-illative (into) -en / -ein

Bauven/Bauvein (Into a building/Into buildings)

Bauvaten/Bauvatein (In the building/Into the buildings)

-ablative (from outside) -el / -eil

Bauvel/Bauveil (From outside a building/From outside buildings)

Bauvatel/Bauvateil (From outside the building/From outside the buildings)

-allative (towards)  -et / -eit

Bauvel/Bauveil (Towards a building/Towards buildings)

Bauvatel/Bauvateil (Towards the building/Towards the buildings)

-perlative (through)  -er / -eir

Bauver/Bauveir (Through a building/Through buildings)

Bauvater/Bauvateir (Through the building/Through the buildings)

Instrumental

-instructive & comitative (with/by) -um / -uim

Mæni hailí kvirum/Mænij hailij kviruim (A man walks with a woman/Men walk with women)

Mænin hailí kviranum/Mænijn hailij kviranuim (The man walks with the woman/The men walk with the women)

-privitative (without) -uh / -uih

Mæni hailí kviruh/Mænij hailij kviruih (A man walks without a woman/Men walk without women)

Mænin hailí kviranuh/Mænijn hailij kviranuih (The man walks without the woman/The men walk without the women)

Vocative -ro/ra/ri/re / -roi/rai/rii/rei

Verbs
Verb conjugation

Notes:

- In speech, the long 3rd person sg. vowel tends to be dropped when gender specification is unnecessary.

- The 3rd person sg. vowel is always long.

- All the o’s you see in the table represent gender and can be changed accordingly.

masculine animate -i, feminine animate -a, ambiguous animate -o, neuter -e

- Imperative has more options than in most languages, similar to Turkish. For example, the 3rd person imperative can be used by instructing anyone to deliver the message to the 3rd person.

- Impersonal verbs can easily be formed by using the 3rd person sg. Remember to use the intransitive infix if there’s no object.

Vesar (To Be)

Indicative

Kajar (To Give)

Imperative

Additions

(vesomin, vesosin, etc.: -in/-ni suffix denotes past tense)

(vesuom, vesuos, etc.: -u infix denotes future tense)

(vesoho, vesoto, vesojo: extra end vowel indicates clusivity / long vowel in the imperative mood)

(vesojar - vesojom, vesojos, etc.: -oj infix indicates intransitivity)

(vesesar - vesesom, vesesos, etc.: -es infix indicates reflexiveness)

(vesarvo? - vesomvo?, vesosvo?, etc.: -v+(vowel) suffix indicates a question)

(vesarar - vesarom, vesaros, etc.: verb infinitive + personal form indicates frequentative behavior)

Verb Prefixes (all optional, only used in appropriate circumstances)

The prefixes are listed in groups of priority.

juvesar (-ju indicates positivism / exclaims the action )

navesar (-na negates the verb completely)

pravesar (-pra is a tensile prefix, it denotes that an action has been or will be completed)

nöjvesar (-nöj is a tensile prefix, it denotes that an action is still going on)

jylvesar (-jyl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of if)

kylvesar (-kyl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of could)

sylvesar (-syl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of should)

vylvesar (-vyl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of would)

revesar (-re indicates intent)

jevesar (-je negates intent)

kuvesar (-ku indicates evidentiality, you experience it yourself)

muvesar (-mu indicates evidentiality, a third party informs you)

And so, "junöjvylrekuvesojesohovo?" roughly translates to

Do I know that you all would definitely intend to be living your life?

Verb Tenses
Tenses in grammar indicate whether an action takes place in the past, present, or future. They also tell whether an action is still ongoing or has been / will be completed. Aspects can also take care of this.

This language covers the tenses and aspects in a similar way as English does.

Past Simple

The man ate the fruit - Mænin nomíni voratut

Present Perfect

The man finished eating the fruit - Mænin pranomíni voratut

Present Simple

The man eats fruit - Mænin nomí vorut

Present Continuous

The man is eating the fruit - Mænin nöjnomí voratut

Future Simple

The man will eat the fruit - Mænin nomuí voratut

Future Perfect

The man will finish eating the fruit - Mænin pranomuí voratut

Adjectives
alone/isolated - jaherklé

big - ulkavé

black - mörjé

cold - vrisré

constructed - höldé

dark - möré

different/other - anaté

early - vröksé

eastern - anasmerté

far - lonkré floating - ðrivdé

frozen - vrisdé

good - kyré

icy - vrisné late - sensé

light/bright - pilté

lonely - jaherkné

long - lonkvé loud - lydré

low - lavé

northern - nönesmerté

red - surdjé

small - iatavé

southern - hindasmerté

strong - styré

together - samlé twirling/swirling - snördé

western - jertesmerté

white - piljé

yellow - jurjé

Adverbs
a bit - smo a lot/many/much - mej

about - um

away - burd

full (of) - plöf

here - hera how - jurd

least - mis

less - min

like/as if/such as - ens

maybe - mesk

more - mer

most - mös

now - kronam

royal - könté

some (thing) - klika

that - dita that (elsewhere) - ditra then - derte there - dera this - disa too - pre

very - möik what - hav

Conjunctions
that (indicative) - da that (subjunctive) - kad

Countries, Languages, People
The Czech Republic (country) - Tsjekotöre

Czech (language) - tsjekoti

Czech (person) - tsjeksko

Finland (country) - Suometöre

Finnish (language) - suometi

Finnish (person) - suomesko

Denmark (country) - Tantöre

Danish (language) - Tanti

Danish (person) - Tansko

The Netherlands (country) - Lavitöre

Dutch (language) - lavitörti

Dutch (person) - lavitörsko

England (country) - Anklotöre

English (language) - ankloti

English (person) - anklosko

Iceland (country) - Ösletöre

Icelandic (language) - ösleti

Icelandic (person) - öslesko

France (country) - Normatöre

French (language) - normati

French (person) - normasko

Norway (country) - Norþetöre

Norwegian (language) - norþeti

Norwegian (person) - norþesko

Russia (country) - Rosetöre

Russian (language) - roseti

Russian (people) - rosesko

Sweden (country) - Sviþjötöre

Swedish (language) - sviþjöti

Swedish (person) - sviþjösko

Days of the Week
Monday - Unstaðak

Tuesday -

Wednesday -

Thursday -

Friday -

Saturday -

Sunday - Ansaðak

Months
January -

February -

March -

April -

May -

June -

July -

August -

September -

October -

November -

December -

Nouns
air - löfte

accountant - juvlo

activity - korda

agreement - skivo

alcohol - kolo

all / everything - ukaj

arm - höldhara

baby - bibo

back - hindledi

barista - kavlo

bed - spönkpa

bird - börbo

body - tulo

body of water - vriskliha

boy - mæniati/herkiati

branch - hara

building - bauva

butt - hinda

cafe - kavpa

cash register - juvkajva

child - herkiato

coffee - kava

cold - vriseika

conlang - höldsprak

cow - bövo

cup - kavva

day - ðak

direction (absolute) - smer

direction (relative) - ledi

disagreement - naskivo

distance - lonkreika drinking container - kapi

difference - anateika

door - döre

drink - varsi

driver - tæyklo

ear - höre

east - ansmer

effort - arvida

everyone - ukaj herkoj / uherkoj

extension - ruþa

eye - öje

father - bibli

fear - straha feather - börbkuri

feeling - sinta

finger - höldruþa

flower - bluma

food - nomo

foot - haila

footprint - hailtryka

friend - vöndo

front - nönledi

gift - kaja

girl - kviriata/herkiata

group - skyp

half - jælv

hand - hölde

heart - jerte

help - jælp hill - vuriate

horse - verdo

horse-rider - verdlo

house - talo

human - herko

island - ösle

king - könli

kingdom - köntöre

land - töre

language - samsprak

late - senðak

leader - vozlo

leaf - kuri

left - jertledi

leg - hailhara

length - lonkveika life - ves

light - pila

limb - tulhara

linguistics - samsprakveteika

loneliness - jaherkeika

man - mæni

message - nota

messenger - notlo

money/currency - juva

moon - unsta

morning - vrökðak

mother - bibla

mountain - vure

mouth - mudi

night - nuto

north - nönsmer

nose - nöne

parent - biblo

pig - vörko

pigeon - dövo

plate - nomva

prince - köniatlo

princess - köniatla

print - tryka

problem - onkelma

quart(er) - kvært

queen - könla

restaurant - nompa

right - anledi

royalty - könlo

salesperson - juvkajlo

sea - vrisklulka

search - kulka

school - maska

science - veteika

sheep - savo

show - sjov sleep - spönke

snake - ese

snow - sny

solution - kolva

song - lekte sound - lyde

south - hindsmer

speaker (language) - samspraklo

store - juvkajpa

storm - löftkiltulk

strenth - styrke

student - maskeslo

sun - ansa

teacher - masklo

thing/unit - uka

time - krono

today - ðakam

toe - hailruþa

tone - tona tonight - nutam

vehicle - tæyk

voice - mudlyde

water - vrisiha

west - jertsmer

wind - löftkilt

woman - kvira

word - spraka

Numbers
one - ja

two - ty

three - tro

four - ve

five - pe

six - sje

seven - sjo

eight - tej

nine - nje

ten - taj

eleven - jataj

twelve - tytaj

thirteen - trotaj

twenty - tyj

thirty - troj

forty - vej

hundred - tajih

twohundred - tyjih

threehundred - trojih

thousand - tajik

first - jaþ

second - tyþ

third - troþ

etc...

once - janav

twice - tynyv

thrice - tronov

etc...

Prepositions
for - var to (dative) - eþet

in - asat

on - amat

at/by - avat

between - alat

above - anat

under - apat

from (inside) - eset

into - enet

from - elet

through - eret

towards - etet

with - umut

without - uhut

Verbs
allow - saliar

be/exist - vesar

be able to - ömter

be correct - reiter be ready - kloror blow (wind) - löftkilter

buy - juvmotar

care - bibor

cause/induce - orskar close - slyter

contain - kapir

continue - pökratar

do - kordar

drink - varsir

eat - nomor

extend - ruþar

fear - strahar feel - sintar

float - ðrivar

follow - följer

follow after - hindföljer

follow before - nönföljer

freeze - vrisar

give - kajar

go - kanar

greet - kveder

have - mistar

hear - hörer

help - jælpar know - vetar

learn - maskesar

lie (down) - lijælter

like/enjoy - klæjer

live (somewhere) - talor

lead - vozar

love - lubur

love (romantic) - amar

make an effort - arvidar

make/build - hölder

message - notar

open - ypner

rain - vriser

receive - motar

release - slæpar

say - sprakar

search - kuklar

see - öjer

seem - virar

shine/glow - löjer

sit - sijælter

sleep - spönker

sell - juvkajar

smell - nöner

solve - kolvar

stand - stöjælter

stop - jælter

talk/speak - samsprakar

teach - maskar

thank - takar

try - probar

twirl/rotate - snörer

understand - skivor

vote - mudlyder

walk - hailar

wear - mistar amat

Other
and - je

but - mur

maybe - mesk

no - njær

oh - aj so - sja well - ju

yes - jup

(clause seperator) - kja

Sentences
Good morning - Kyruté vrökðakut

Good day - Kyruté ðakut

Good afternoon - Kyruté senðakut

Good evening - Kyruté vröknutut

Good night - Kyruté nutut

Good night (sleep) - Kyruté spönkut

Hello - Kvedom (soseþ/toteþ) / Vesso/Vesto kvederin / Kveder! / Kved!

Farewell - Naöjuesoho

See you (later)! - Öjuesoho (mersensú)! / Öju!

How are you? - Jurd sintojos/sintojot?

How is it going? - Jurd kanojé?

What is going on/happening? - Hav kanojé? / Hav nöjkanojé?

I am fine - Sintojom kyrutú

I don't speak English very well. - Nasamsprakom kyrutú anklotut.

Do you understand me? - Nöjskivosvo momeþ?

I don't understand you - Nanöjskivom sosut/totut

Thank you - Takom (soseþ/toteþ) / Tak!

No problem - Arviduh / Arviduih / Navesé onkelmut

How do you say "hello" in Samsprak? - Jurd sprakar "hello" samsprakas?

I see with my eyes. I hear with my ears. I smell with my nose. I feel with my hands. I speak and eat with my mouth. - Öjom momuim öjuim. Hörom momuim höruim. Nönom momum nönum. Sintom momuim hölduim. Samsprakom je nomom momum mudum.

My hovercraft is full of eels - Moms ðrivtæyk misté plöfuit vrisklulkajessuit

Nutam vuretam snyt piltú nöjlöjé

On this night on the mountain, the snow brightly glows

Hailtrykaj navesojé

Footprints aren't (there)

Ves jaherklé köntöre

It's an isolated kingdom

Viroj ens kronam vesam könlan

Seems like now I am the queen

Mamas löftkilt ens snördé löftkiltulk

In me (wind) blows like a swirling storm

Nakylkapojam, mur probamin

I couldn't contain (it), but I tried

Nasalma kan mamen, nasalma öjoj

Don't allow it to go into me, don't allow them to see

Vesma krytá kviriata ens sylvesam

Be a good girl like I should be

Kapojma, nasintojma

Contain, don't feel

Nasalma vetaj jéut

Don't allow them to know it

Ju, kronam vetojaj

Well, now them know

Slæpma jéut, slæpma jéut

Release it, release it

Naömtam kapesir kronam

I'm unable to contain myself now

Slæpma jéut, slæpma jéut

Release it, release it

Snöresma burdel je slytma dörtut

Turn yourself away (from) and slam the door

Nabibam haveþ prasprakuoj

I don't care about what they will say

Salma löftkiltulkunut pökraté

Allow the storm to continue

Nanöjbibam vriseikeþ

I never cared about the cold

Smo longreika ömté ukaj virej ens iatavé A bit of distance is able to cause everything to appear small Strahajn da janav -