New conlangs

These are a little like extreme word games.

Upside-down English
Ystthwe ey

Consonants [q] = k [p] = p [ɟ] = j [!] = t [|] = th [d] = d [b] = b [s] = s [n] = n [ʍ] = wh [x] = kh [ʎ] = l [z] = z

Semivowels [u], [w] = w [y], [ɥ] = y [ɯ], [ɰ] = u

Vowels [ɐ] = a [o] = o [ɔ] = oh [ə] = e [ʌ] = v

I sat/I habitually sit = pethest (pe-thes-t) I was sitting = wtpetheswekt (wt-pe-thes-wek-t)

I sit/I am sitting = wtthesekt (wt-thes-ek-t) I have sat = thessayt (thes-say-t)

I will sit = thestwt (thes-tw-t) I would sit = thespthtwt (thes-pth-tw-t) I would have sat = thessaypthtwt

I sat = pethst You sat = pethsnol It sat = pesthst We sat = pethsewh Youse/Y'all sat = pethsnol They sat = pethsley

Wbfkuag
Shift all letters one key left on a QWERTY keyboard.

I am happy. U pn gpoot.

Bufukagu
1. c and q become k, and y as a vowel becomes i. 2. Take away all vowels. 3. Shift all consonants as Wbfkuag. 4. c and q become k. 5. Add the vowels in the original word where there are no vowels already. 6. For consonant clusters or final consonants, put -u.

stick 1. stikk 2. stkk 3. arjj 4. arjj 5. arijj 6. arijuju

Changes:

1. All of the pronouns take only one form. I/me - ne, my - na you - to, your - te he/she - age, his/her - ga it - ru, its - ra 's - du (separate word)

2. All verbs are in he/she/it form. So eat becomes ra (from eats), not ru. This also applies to the verb "is", which never becomes "be" or "are" or "am". When the action is in the past, the verb ends in -asu (s + ed).

3. There are no articles of any kind.

4. It uses postpositions instead of prepositions.

Benaku
(normal)

This is the default form.

Ageru
(short)

(In some dialects, this is called Jaku. I don't know why.)

In this, duplicate consonants are usually deleted. For example, "stick" would become "stk" and end up "ariju". It sounds simpler and can be used to get points across while not usually sounding inappropriate. However, when speaking in a conversation with a lot of time, it can imply that you want to leave. It's better to just talk in Benaku at that point.

Riraku
(I don't remember.)

This is where it gets more complicated. Basically, you take the words from Wbfkuag and make them fit the phonotactics of Bufukagu. This is used to give off an air of confidence or importance to what you're saying, and because it can't possibly be taken the wrong way, it is usually used as the de facto mode of speech when talking to strangers.

It is used in 2nd person nearly as often as first.

Oeru-riraku is when one uses some Riraku words in a sentence. The Riraku word is the one being emphasized. This is pretty much on the level of Benaku speech.

Wbfkuag: U kujwa rgw xkixj. Riraku: Nu kujua kukikuju. Oeru-Riraku: Ne kije kukikuju/Ne kujua jukojuju. Benaku: Ne kija jukojuju. Ageru: Ne kija jukoju.

Wbfkuag: Tiy kujwa rgw xkixj. Riraku: Tii kujua kukikuju. Oeru-Riraku: To kije kukikuju/To kujua jukojuju. Benaku: To kija jukojuju. Ageru: To kija jukoju.

Anoku
(simple)

(This is also called Anuku, which would be the word "anoku" in Anoku.)

In this, all e's become i's, and all o's become u's. People usually also speak in Ageru while talking like this. People usually talk like this to sound innocent, and children sometimes talk like this because it's easier. It can most nearly be compared with humble speech in Japanese.

Anoku-Riraku shows that one is definitely trying to seem humble, because it implies that while you know Riraku, you are deliberately talking in Anoku. It is sometimes more formal than Riraku, but usually less, because one is talking as if one knows less than the listener.

When used in second-person, it can be seen as derogatory.

Wbfkuag: U kujwa rgw xkixj. Riraku: Nu kujua kukikuju. Anoku-Riraku: Ni kujua kukikuju. Anoku: Ni kija jukuju. Oeru-Riraku: Ne kije kukikuju/Ne kujua jukojuju. Benaku: Ne kija jukojuju. Ageru: Ne kija jukoju.

Wbfkuag: Tiy kujwa rgw xkixj. Riraku: Tii kujua kukikuju. Oeru-Riraku: Tii kije kukikuju/Ne kujua jukojuju. Benaku: To kija jukojuju. Ageru: To kija jukoju. Anoku: Tu kija jukuju. Anoku-Riraku: Tu kujua kukikuju.

Eoru
(repeat)

(It can also be called "Eoru-so" (repeat-do) or "Eoru-fanu" (repeat-again).)

The rulers of the people speaking this language and its dialects usually spoke Wbfkuag. this is why Riraku is seen as formal. However, these people usually couldn't speak the language correctly, due to the abundance of homophones.

(I think it should be obvious why; art and rot are spelled the same, as are as, are, and so.)

This meant that the people had to repeat what they were saying in a different way, in case their rulers were in a bad mood or didn't have any idea what they were saying. Thus, it happened that this became the most patronizing possible way to speak and the most honorable way to speak simultaneously.

The examples of this are varying because there isn't a standard way of repeating. If there was, that would probably become the honorable way of speech. Basically, the more times you repeat something, the more patronizing it becomes.

Dabuje
(fancier)

To explain this, here are the pronouns in Riraku, Benaku, and Anoku respectively.

I/me - ne/nu/ni, my - na/no/na you - to/tii/tu, your - te/tie/ti he/she - age/agu/agi, his/her - ga/gue/ga it - ru/uru/ru, its - ra/ura/ra

As you can see, the pronouns are different in most of the forms, especially between Riraku and the other two. If someone uses Riraku I/me pronouns in a sentence which is otherwise Benaku, this is Benaku-Dabuje, and it is impolite. If the sentence is in Anoku, this is Anoku-Dabuje, and is even more impolite.

However, when using the second-person or third person pronouns, using Benaku-Dabuje (but not Anoku-Dabuje) is a sign of respect.

Wbfkuag: U kujwa rgw xkixj. Riraku: Nu kujua kukikuju. Anoku-Riraku: Ni kujua kukikuju. Anoku: Ni kija jukuju. Oeru-Riraku: Ne kija kukikuju/Ne kujua jukojuju. Benaku: Ne kija jukojuju. Ageru: Ne kija jukoju. Benaku-Dabuje: Nu kija jukojuju. Anoku-Dabuje: Nu kija jukuju.

Wbfkuag: Tiy kujwa rgw xkixj. Riraku: Tii kujua kukikuju. Benaku-Dabuje: Tii kija jukojuju. Oeru-Riraku: Tii kije kukikuju/Ne kujua jukojuju. Benaku: To kija jukojuju. Ageru: To kija jukoju. Anoku: Tu kija jukuju. Anoku-Riraku: Tu kujua kukikuju. Anoku-Dabuje: Tii kija jukuju.

Dialects and Differences
This language is more inflectional than English.

Noun Endings:

-a - plural -aku - having to do with -be - becomes adjective (one which is)

Adjective Endings
-a - becomes verb (be) -aru - most -e - more

Particles:

basu - in du - of de - for denu - from

Sample Text
Doka busu senobu de are

(The Story of the Fox and the Demon)

Buje obu rine, goo doka kikasu busu aratasu vife sebu basu.

(Once upon a time, a happy fox lived and stayed inside a big den.)