Old Shax

General Information
Heavy phonological changes. Takes some influence from Czech.

Phonotactics
(V)(C)(C)V(V)(C)(C)(V)(V)(C)(V)

Vowels
(for short and long vowels, it goes from Antiquity > Vulgar > Shax)

Short

 * a > a > ɐ
 * ɛ > ɛ > e
 * ɔ > ɔ > o
 * ɪ > e > ɨ
 * ʊ > o > u
 * ʏ > ʏ̈ > ø

Long

 * ɑː > a > ɐ
 * eː > e > ɨ
 * oː > o > u
 * iː > i > i
 * uː > u > u
 * yː > y > y

Diphthong
note: [ə] was developed to add a replacement  phoneme if the sound changes left a hole in the phonotactics 
 * ai̯ > ɛ > e
 * ei̯ > e > ɨ
 * oi̯ > ɛ > e
 * ui̯ > uɪ̯ > ye̯
 * au̯ > ɔ > o
 * eu̯ > ø > ø
 * ou̯ > u > u

Consonants
In order. V = vowel (V̀ = unstressed vowel, V́ = stressed vowel), P = plosive, F = fricative, N = nasal, Y = palatizing vowel ([i], [e], [y], [ø], [ɨ], and [j]; note that [j] becomes assimilated into the palatalized phoneme)
 * w/V_(V, P) > v/V_(V, P)
 * fricative+plosives' and affricates, except [st] and [ks], are simplified to fricatives
 * N_P, P_N > N
 * s/V_V > z/V_V
 * _# > ∅/_# (except labio-velar fricatives, taps/trills, and laterals)
 * _n# > _∅#
 * l/_# > j/_#
 * Palatalization
 * n_Y > ɲ_Y
 * t_Y > tʲ_Y
 * d_Y > dʲ_Y
 * s_Y > ɕ_Y
 * z_Y > ʑ_Y
 * ks_Y > kɕ_Y
 * l_Y > ʎ_Y > j_Y
 * n_Y > ɲ_Y
 * j_Y > lʲ_Y when Y = e, ø, ɨ
 * j_Y > j_Y when Y = i, y
 * All labialization is lost
 * Lenition and Plosives
 * p/#_ > f/#_
 * t/#_ > s/#_
 * k/#_ > x/#_
 * V́bV > V́βV (except before Y vowels)
 * V́dV > V́ðV (except before Y vowels)
 * V́gV > V́xV (except before Y vowels)

Digraphs
If there is a diphthong that is the stress the acute goes over the first. ¹ Must be followed by [i], [e], [y], or [ø] (with [i] being the default)

Declination
Only the genitive declines (taken from Czech) and the rest are represented by articles (German).

Declination Types

 * 1) Latin nouns that end in a vowel
 * 2) Czech noun that end in a vowel
 * 3) Latin borrowings with consonant
 * 4) Czech borrwings with consonant
 * 5) German borrowings

Courses
Based on duolingo.

Lesson 1

 * La