Old Shax

General Information
Shax is unique as being part of a special branch of Romance: Latin Antiquity > Vulgar Latin > Afro-Romance > Western Afro-Romance > Maurotanio-Romance > Shax. There is much influence from the Berber language with the native inhabitants speaking it in addition to Vulgar Latin. After the islamic conquests and North Africa unified under the Umayyad Caliphate, the Afro-Romance language split into Western and Eastern, more specifically Moroccan and Egyptian, Afro-Romance, with Western being more influenced by Ibero-Romance and Berber, and with Eastern being more influenced with Greek/Coptic and Classical Arabic. This was further devided into Maurotanio-Romance with dialects closer to Iberia became more and more Spanish, they developed into Ibero-Afro-Romance, where Maurotanio-Romance kept more Berber influences. From this Shax was born and became the official language of the new state that currently controls all of the old Roman provinces Mauritania and Numidia as well Western Sahara, Sahrawi Arab Republic, and the rest of Morocco, real modern day. In time this nation grew to be relativally powerful and a participant in the affairs of Europe. It military power allowed to not be conquered by France and the Ottomans. It fought for the allies in WWI and WWII being a refuge for the Free French until the Nazis conquered it too, only to quickly loose it to the British and Americans. Today it is part of the EU, NATO, UN, WTO, OPEC, and some others. Shax is spoken in the country of Maurišgn, containing what were the Roman Empire's provinces of Africa and the two Mauritanias, after which the country was named; Shax is the official language of Maurišgn along with two minority languages: Kabyle, aka Taqbaylit, a berber language, the most spoken in Maurišgn, and the language isolate Lalakhmet. Please leave any comments and/or corrections. I appreciate critiques :)

Symbols

 * V = vowel
 * C = consonant
 * ´ = stressed vowel
 * ` = unstressed vowel

Antiquity Latin > Vulgar

 * I Græca merge with I
 * yː > iː
 * ʏ > ɪ
 * Vowel Shift
 * eː > e
 * ɪ > e
 * oː > o
 * ʊ > o
 * iː > i
 * ɛ > ɛ
 * uː > u
 * ɔ > ɔ
 * a > a
 * aː > a
 * Unstressed vowels in medial syllables are removed
 * Monophthongization
 * ai̯ > ɛ
 * oi̯ > e
 * au̯ > ɔ
 * w > β
 * VbV > β
 * h > ∅
 * n > ∅/_(s, f)

Vulgar Latin > Afro-Romance

 * Vowel Shift
 * i > ɪ
 * e > ɪ
 * ɛ > ɛ̝
 * u > ʊ
 * o > ʊ
 * ɔ > ɔ̝
 * a > a̟
 * Intervocalic lenition
 * p > ɸ
 * t > θ̱
 * k > x
 * b > β
 * d > ð̱
 * g > ɣ
 * ɪ, ɛ̝ > j/_V
 * ʊ, ɔ̝ > w/_V
 * m, t > ∅/_#
 * Palatalization
 * ŋn, jn, nj > ɲ
 * gl, jl, lj > ʎ
 * sj > ʃ
 * zj > ʒ
 * rj, jr > ɹ
 * Many borrowings from Berber. Many of these include words for food, some tools, greetings, travel, etc

Afro-Romance > Maurotanio-Romance

 * Vowel Shift
 * ɪ́ > i
 * ɪ̀ > ɪ
 * ɛ̝́ > ɛ
 * ɛ̝̀ > ɪ
 * ʊ́ > u
 * ʊ̀ > ʊ
 * ɔ̝́ > ɔ
 * ɔ̝̀ > ʊ
 * á̟ > æ
 * à̟ > a
 * a̟ > ə̀/_#
 * V̀ > ∅/_#
 * V > ∅/m_C (never initially)
 * Consonant
 * mɸ > mp
 * mx > mh
 * mβ > mb
 * mɣ > mʕ
 * Initial and intervocalic lenition
 * p > ɸ
 * t  > θ̱
 * k > x
 * b > β
 * d > ð̱
 * g > ɣ
 * [x] > [h] in an unstressed syllable
 * θ̱ > ʃ
 * ð̱ > z
 * kʷ > kɸ/_C
 * kʷ > kᶣ/_i, ɪ, ɛ
 * In this period Islamic conquests brought some Arabic words for religious purposes, greetings, royalty, war, etc.

Maurotanio-Romance > Shax

 * Vowel Shift
 * i > i~ɪ
 * ɪ > i~ɪ
 * ɛ > æ
 * u > u~ʊ
 * ʊ > o
 * ɔ > o
 * æ > æ
 * a > ə
 * i, ɪ > j/_V
 * u, ʊ, o > w/_V
 * ə > ∅
 * m > ∅/_ʕ, h
 * i, ɪ > æ/ʕ, h, x_
 * u, ʊ > o/ʕ, h, x_
 * x > h/_æ
 * ʕ > ∅
 * ∅ > ʔ/#_i, ɪ
 * ∅ > h/#_æ, u, ʊ, o
 * h > x/_u, ʊ, o
 * Re-palatalization
 * jn, nj > ɲ
 * gn > ɲ
 * jl, lj > ʎ
 * gl > ʎ/_i, ɪ
 * jr, rj, lr > ɹ
 * gl > ɣ
 * V > ∅/C_n#
 * Nasal assimilation with a directly preceding plosive
 * n > ŋ/_k, g, ɣ, x
 * ɣ, x > g, k/ŋ_
 * g > ɣ/_
 * voiced final plosive > nasal
 * b > m/_#
 * d > n/_#
 * g > ŋ/_#
 * voiceless final plosive > fricative
 * p > ɸ/_#
 * t > ʃ/_#
 * k > x/_#
 * velar_palatal, palatal_velar > geminate palatal
 * Some French words are adopted for government, some foods, and literary terms.
 * Some English loans with the Age of Communication.

Stress
Stress falls on the vowel with the acute accent, ´. Any word without one indicates no vowel has the stress or stress is irrelavent.

Writing System
Some letters, digraphs, or diacritics are for loans.

Alphabet
¹ Final is long: [i] and [u] respectivally

Digraphs
¹ Only if there is no consonant foreceding the semi-vowel

Nouns
Nouns in Shax are either masculine or feminine.

Articles
There are two articles: the definite and the zero. The zero article is inferred as the indefinite article. Note: in the definite article, if the [l] preceds an alveolar sound then it assimliates into it by [l] being deleted and the alveolar sound being geminated.

Declention
The plural is adopted from the latin dative. There are regular and irregular plurals. There are two cases in Shax: the nominative and the oblique. The oblique is taken from the latin accusative. The Shax nominative can be used when the noun is nominative, vocative, and prepositional. The Shax oblique can be used the noun is accusative, dative, or genitive.

1st Declension
With feminine nouns.

2nd Declension
With masculine nouns.