Benakasemmem'ii

Benakasemmem'ii is an auxiliary constructed language.

Origin
The vocabulary and grammatical elements of the language has origin often from:
 * Sound symbolism
 * Tamil
 * Finnish
 * Indonesian
 * Prakrit (Pali)
 * Sanskrit
 * Hindi (grammar)
 * Japanese
 * Medieval Chinese
 * Spanish
 * English
 * Turkish
 * Arabic (some words)

Vowels

 * In Sanskrit originated words, also there is the structure [ɾɯ], np. Krsna [kɾɯ.sna]. It occures as r but it does not border any vowel directly.
 * Also there are nasal vowels which is created using the digraph -ng, np. Sangskrta Bhaasaa [sã.skɾɯ.ta bʱaː.saː].
 * Equivalent of English phone [ɔː] in borrowed words from the English language is [ɒː] oo (rounded equivalent of aa), np. Oostreiliyaa - Australia
 * Accent is usually occures in the first syllable, but it does not stand in a word very out; syllables is pronounced with similar stress.
 * However when there is one long vowel at least, then it is what is accented, but when there are more ones, then the first one in them is accented.
 * Negative prefix "a-" is accented always, even when there is a long vowel in word.

Syntax
Default word order is: subject-object-verb, such as in Hindi, Sanskrit, Japanese, Turkish, Latin, Tamil and Korean languages. The attributive occures before the attributed word, for example nalla kun - good human, baccas-ke khapakii - food for childs. For changing the position of attributive from one to one, then the word ya must be used, for example: kun ya nalla (thaare) - good human / human who is good.

Verbs
They have: They are not conjugated by persons, numbers and genders.
 * 3 voices (active, passive, static)
 * 3 moods (indicative, imperative, conditional)
 * 3 tenses
 * 3 aspects.

Basic forms

 * present simple tense: -re
 * past simple tense: e--re
 * future simple tense: -issare
 * conditional mood: e--issare
 * imperative mood: -∅
 * infinitive/gerund: -meng
 * active participle: -∅
 * passive present (imperfect) participle: -laa
 * passive perfect participle: -getii

Active verbs
Grammatical tenses: Active participle: It does not occure independently. It is always, or as noun determination, or in connection with verbs such as thaare/thaagetare.

Passive verbs
Grammatical tenses:

Static verbs
They are created using the construction feeling/state noun + thaare or using usual adjective. thaare is conjugated by tenses, but by the simple aspect. They expresse states, feelings, emotions, experiences. The subject, who is under state (which is the noun), is in the dative case. For example:
 * Naar-ke jer thaare. - The Sun shines.
 * Men-ke uwan umi (thaare). - I like him/her. (literally: For me, he/she is nice.)
 * Bacca-ke bel-no arga thaare. - (The/A) child has stomach ache. (literally: For child, stomach ache is.)
 * "Leonardo da Vinci" kun-ke di-no aawiskaaras-no wisaya-de baruun mankii thii. (Leonardo da Vinci reflected on his inventions.)

Verb stay/be
It is the sole irregular verb. Here is its conjugation in the indicative mood:

Verb must / have to / should
Here a subject is in the dative case and activity, which is needed for doing, ends as -meng together with form of the verb thaare after, which omitted in present tense, for example English sentence We have to do it in Benakasemmem'ii will be as: Wii-ke uwa-ong karmeng (thaare).; and the sentence We had to do it. will be as: Wii-ke uwa-ong karmeng thii.

Verb have / own
Here an owner is in the genitive case (or in the possesive form) and ownership is in the nominative case together with form of the verb thaare after, which can be omitted in the present tense. For example, the English sentence I have the house in Benakasemmem'ii language will be as: Men'ii wiita (aare); and the sentence I do not have a car will be as: Men'ii kaar naa.

Imperative mood
Similarly to most languages, it expresses command or request and it is created by the zero suffix, for example geta - go as well as it does not have a subject. The mood can be emphasized by the particle o in end of sentence.

Examples:
 * Go to the park. - Udyaana-ong geta.
 * Do it! - Uwa-ong kar!

Nouns
They are inflected for 8 cases and 2 numbers. The plural number is created by the suffix -s, which similarly as in Turkish, Indonesian and Japanes languages, near numerals and words such as baruun/kecuun, is omitted, because these just words indicates the amount.

Postpositions
Similarly to Turkish, Hindi, Japanese and Sanskrit languages, postpositions are located after noun, not before. The list:
 * antar - between, among
 * artha-ke - for, in order to
 * bormeng-ke - against
 * cermeng-de - around
 * daapa-de - far, at the distance
 * daapa-ong - away
 * darai-de/buul-de - under (it is not precise and instead it, the construction -dou adhika keni neda-de can be used)
 * darai-ong/buul-ong - down (it is not precise and instead it, the construction -dou adhika keni neda-ong can be used)
 * dekabi - upon, against
 * dekabi-ong - onto, against
 * deka-de - near, next to
 * deka-ong - towards
 * eki - outside
 * eki-ong - outwards
 * en - inside, within
 * en-ong - into, inwards
 * laan-de/gur-de - above, over (it is not precise and instead it, the construction -dou adhika usar neda-de can be used)
 * laan-ong/gur-ong - up (it is not precise and instead it, the construction -dou adhika usar neda-ong can be used)
 * labataa-nei - across
 * langataa-nei - along
 * molmeng-nei - according to
 * mun - before, in front of
 * pin - after, behind
 * pingetameng-de - accordingly
 * rakkha-ke - for (in someone's defence)
 * ruupa-de - as, in the form
 * ruupa-ong - into the form, (transforming) into
 * sem - together with
 * tulanaa-de - than, in comparison
 * tir - through
 * warai - until, till
 * wiita-de - at (at someone at home)
 * wisaya-de - about, regarding

Basic phrases

 * Nalla naal! - Good day!
 * Nalla kaalai! - Good morning!
 * Hei! - Hi! / Hello!
 * Namastei! - Hi! / Greetings!
 * Krpayaa! - Please!
 * Dhanyawaada! - Thank you! / Thanks!
 * Ksamaa-ong kar! - Sorry! / Excuse me!
 * Tun'ii naama ki'ii? - What is your name?
 * Men'ii naama ... - My name is ...
 * Tun ki'ii calii-de thaare? - How are you?
 * Nalla! - OK! / Well! / Good!
 * Umi! - Nice!
 * Burii! - Badly!
 * Men ulu'ii. - I am happy.
 * Men shaantipun. - I am calm.
 * Men seda'ii. - I am sad.
 * Men or'ii. - I am angry.
 * Tun kide thaare? - Where are you?
 * Men ...-de thaare? - I am in/on/at ...?
 * Tun-ke ...-no wisaya-de ki'ii mankii? - What do you think about ...?
 * Men-ke mankii ki ... - I think that ...
 * Waa! - Come (on)!
 * Krpayaa waa! - Please come!
 * Wii-ke ...-ong getameng daa! - Let's go to ...!
 * ... ka? - (equivalent of inversion in English questions; question for yes or no, for example: Tun uwa-ong karre ka? - Do you do it? / Tun uwa-ong kar thaare ka? - Are you doing it?)
 * Aa. - Yes. / Yeah.
 * Ha. - Yes. / Yeah.
 * Na. - No. / Nope.
 * Men-ke tun-de umyumikii thaare! - I love you!