Velenian

General information
Dac Guenhr Lenian (lit. The Living Language) was the language spoken on the planet of Velenius. The planet itself was a war-planet, and excelled in military force, warfare and tactics against the other inhabitants of the planet; the Nagas.

In general, the language uses particles alongside with a lot of prefixes instead of a case-system. It also only features very few to no irregularities, and grammatically should be easy to understand. The phonetics and pronunciation should be harder, as it has longer words, due to the load of prefixes

Origin
The Velenian Language was given to the velenians by their God so they could better communicate and establish themselves. It has since then underwent a few changes and alterations, but is more or less the same as it was back then. It's sister-language, the Helian Language, is a deriviation of this, but has some different rules and words and phonetics.

Velenian is also, pure technically, an old language as it doesn't have a too complex sentence structure.

Consonants
The letter 'x' is pronounced as /ks/ unless it is the first letter, then it is pronounced as /s/

The letter 'w' is pronounced as the letter 'v'

The letter 'f' is prounced as /fi/ (Adding an apostrophe - f' - will negate the /i/ sound)

The letters /h/ and /H/ are different.

/h/ is a vowel.

/H/ is a noun (aspiration).

If a word starts with /h/ the second letter will be capitalized if needed.

Vowels
The letters: /ä/,/ë/,/ï/,/ö/, and /ü/ are all elongated versions of the vowel, i.e. the /¨/ symbol simply indicates that the vowel needs to be long (does not apply to /h/). This is highly used instead of doubled vowels, for example the subject prefix /vu-/ together with the pronoun /una/ would be written as /vüna/ and not /vuuna/.

Frequency


The Native and rather ancient way of writing Velenian is the "Frequency" style. The sentence starts with a symbol that looks  like a '>' which determines where the 'Base Line' is (Displayed by the grey line in the picture). After the sentence-starter, the letters will then be written as a frequency; so close to each other that they will appear as one line. The Letters go as follows: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I J, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z. The last three symbols are: Sentence Starter (looks like an arrow), a set of sentence connectors (the two small orbs), and a Sentence Stopper (the diamond-shape).

The Picture to the left shows an example sentence. This sentence reads: [Start]DACGUENRHLENIAN[Stop]. The Frequency style doesn't use spaces between words, however certain words or letter-combinations (Pre-fixes, notably) show where the words part. This long sentence becomes: "Dac Guenrh Lenian" - The Velenian Language.

When writing whole sentences - as seen on the picture to the right - the use of 'Sentence Connectors' is necessary. Sentence Connectors are manifested with a small orb at the end or beginning of a new line, and simply put, they work as a line-break. When there isn't enough space to write the next word in the sentence, a connector is used to indicate that the reader should go to the next line of text. It is also used to determine where the Base Line of the next line is.

Elëria
Elëria is a style created centuries after the Universal Expansion happened, and is thus more affected Interplanetary wise. It uses letters from the Latin Alphabet and, contrary to the Frequency style, does use spaces. Elëria is what this Wiki page is mostly focused on.

Later in Velenian history, Elëria becomes the primary way of writing, and F'req is then deemed obsolete, other than being fancy to look at.

Prefixes
Prefixes are first of all used for the display of constituents in a sentence.

the Vi- prefix can only be used with pronouns, as only persons can be indirect objects in Velenian. Proper Nouns do not gain pre- or suffixes, as seen in the title of the language of Velenian, Dac Guenhr Lenian, however they still have to follow the flow of words; hence why the adjective lenian  is after the noun guenhr.

Particles
Words like "who, where, when, how" aren't used particularly in Velenian, because the word "Hevi" already states that the following is a question. The sentence: Heva veyonuano vuona Hanyu, is literally translated as "Question, he is." and when translating it, it would automatically mean that you ask: "Who is he?". The question could of course also be "What is he?" or "Where is he?", but that should be apparentt in according to the context. Rank Particles are either used as pronouns themselves, literally meaning "One from such a rank", however they can also be used together with a noun/pronoun to create a sort of honorific effect. Ralutz-vüna, lit. "you from the admin rank". The only rank that is never used in this honorific way is Perdoni, as it is reserved for the Emperor himself. To use it in another way would be 'blasphemic' towards the Emperor. Indicator particles are also used with demonstrative pronouns

Aspects

 * Ziplox - means 'simple'; corresponds the English aspect of the same name.


 * Doplox - Means 'standard'; corresponds the English aspect "Progressive".
 * Fulë - means 'fused'; corresponds the English aspect "Perfect".
 * Triplox - means 'complex'; corresponds the English aspect "Perfect Progressive".
 * If'ta Ziplox - means 'future simple'; corresponds the English aspect of the same name.
 * If'ta Doplox - means 'future standard'; corresponds the English aspect "Future Progressive".
 * If'ta Fulë - means 'future fused'; corresponds the English aspect "Future Perfect"
 * If'ta Triplox - means 'future complex'; corresponds the English aspect "Future Perfect Progressive".

Paradigms
*The participle and the auxiliary must be in the same tenses. **The participle and the auxiliary must be in opposite tenses. ***The main participle(not the yonu-participle) must be in the same tense as the auxiliary. Both participles must be in opposite tenses. The first paradigm displays the different tenses and aspects of the most common verb and this verb is also the only one with Fused and Double aspects. The second paradigm shows the different auxiliary tenses of the five modal verbs. the verb Zetr is also the 'Future Mark' used to make the 'Future' aspect. Modal verbs do not have a combative aspect, because modality isn't used in Combative speech. Words that end on a consonant get the endings -if,  in future and tripulus and -omin/-olin in Gerund and Supine because of phonology.

Animacy
The animacy of the Velenian language is 'unfixed' meaning that nouns are not given a specific animacy and then decline only in accordance to that single animcy. The animacy are rather used to describe a noun's health in a more contextual matter.

The first animacy is the 'Living' animacy(Ilexal Da, lit. 'indeed alive') and the 'Non-living' animacy(Ilexal Do, lit. 'not alive'), and these should be mostly self-explanatory.

The animacy that is placed between these is the 'Half-living' animacy(Ilexal De, lit. 'maybe alive'), and is a bit more complex than the others, but only a bit. Where the other two animcies refer to the noun of being either living or dead, this animacy has two different uses: Furthermore, it is also used when addressing people of lower rank than oneself.
 * 1) To indicate that the addressed noun is unconscious or fainted.
 * 2) To indicate that the addressed noun is of no importance to the speaker and as a derogatory addression.

Why the 'non-living' animacy is not used as a derogatory too is uncertain, however it is not.

Nouns
Nouns are defined only by their articles and particles. The articles Ja, Je, Jo indicate an indefinite noun (a or an in English), and Dac, Dec, Doc indicate definite (the in English). The particle yhg is used to show that the noun is plural, and is placed between the article and noun.

In the three following paradigms are examples of nouns with their articles, and also in their three genders; Living, Half-living and Non-living. The first and last of these genders should be self-explanatory, however the "Half-living" gender can be confusing. Usually, it is used to indicate a form of 'unconsciousness' or 'faintedness' of the noun. It can also be used in a derogatory way when speaking to others. The combative forms of nouns do not use articles, but instead has an inflection on them, because that reduces the use of words. The only irregularity is the negative form, that changes the root of the word from Mae t to Mae d  because a 'td' sound is simply too hard to pronounce.

Pronouns
Relative pronouns are placed directly after the word they co-relate to. Reflexive Pronouns are used instead of Personal Pronounce, exampl: Myself -> Api instead of Ina + [Self].

Determiners
The use of -thing determiners is created simply by combining one of the determiners above with the word 'cët' (thing). See below for more info. Anything   :    Jacët, Jecët, Jocët Something  :    hTacët, hTecët, hTocët Nothing    :    hDacët, hDecët, hDocët Everything :    Letracët, Letrecët, Letrocët The use of -one determiners is created by combining one of the determiners above with the word 'ze' (one). See below for more info. Anyone     :    Jaze, Jeze, Joze Someone    :    hTaze, hTeze, hToze None       :    hDaze, hDeze, hDoze Everyone   :    Letraze, Letreze, Letroze The word 'everybody' is not used in Velenian. Instead 'everyone' (Letra/e/o-ze) is used.

Adjectives
Adjectives in the Velenian language are distinguished from other words by the adjective marker, 'X' (pronounced like an english x). Adjectives are placed after the noun they describe, and are following an alphabetical order; meaning if there are more than one adjective to a noun, they would be listen in alphabetical order (the following would hence be listen: ladexal yadexal z'entexal , and so on and so forth. Adjectives decline according to the following Paradigm: For more information on the Combative Tense, see below.

Sentence Structure
First of all: 'sentences' technically do no exist in the Velenian language; it is simply a string of words. This also means that there are no "Main" nor "Subordinate" clauses. However the Structure of the Velenian language is kind of simple on the other hand.

The basic principle(the order of words) is a VSO format. The complex principle looks like this:
 * 1) Verb
 * 2) *Main Verb
 * 3) *Auxiliary
 * 4) *Participle
 * 5) *Adverb
 * 6) Subject
 * 7) *Main Object
 * 8) *Possession
 * 9) *Adjective
 * 10) Direct Object(s)
 * 11) *Main Object
 * 12) *Possession
 * 13) *Adjective
 * 14) Indirect Object(s)
 * 15) *Main Object
 * 16) *Possession
 * 17) *Adjetive
 * 18) *Preposition
 * 19) Location Object(s)

(It is harder to say exactly where the particles are placed in general, and therefore much easier on a one-by-one basis, so refer to the section on Particles above for more information.)
 * 1) * ​Main Object
 * 2) * Possession
 * 3) * Adjective
 * 4) * Preposition

Conjunctions are not stricly used in Velenian, since there are no clauses per se, but there are certain particles that have been categorized as "Conjunctions" since they more or less have the same function - to bing the strings of words together, but then again, not really. Conjunctions are more of a semantic than a grammatical issue.

Verbs

Verbs are usually combinations of several smaller compounds. The structure in velenian if put up in a hierarchy manner, looks like this:
 * 1) Main Verb
 * 2) Auxiliaries
 * 3) Participles
 * 4) Supine & Gerund
 * 5) Infinitives
 * 6) Adverbs

If we look at the sentence: "He is killed" the verb combination is "Is killed" and the structure of the combination in Velenian is the same as presented here: The main verb is the [Is] compound and [Killed] is a participle compound and therefore should come after, hence: "Is killed".

If we have a longer sentence such as "He would have been killed about now" then the verb combination is actually all of [Would have been killed about now]. In Velenian this would look slightly different: [Have] [Would] [Been] [Killed] [About] [Now]. In this case the difference is that [Have] and [Would] have switched place. The order that [Been] and [Killed] are in, is also predetermined, because [Been] is the dominant participle, and [Killed] is an additional participle. Additional participles always follow the dorminant participle in an alphabetcal order.

the sentence "He would have to get killed" would be made like this: [Have] [Would] [Killed] [to Get]. As can be seen, the order of the words have changed drastically.

Possession
Possession between nouns can be less than easy to translate, though it shouldn't be that hard. There are two simple rules to follow when dealing with the possession particles 'qjh' and 'czh'. ​ So if you have a part that looks like this: 'Ja Inia czh möno' then by following the rules you know the compounds [Ja Inia] and [Möno] are the Owner and Possession, and also that [Ja Inia] is the owner - hence it means: "A story of repetition" and not "Repetition of a story".
 * 1) The particle is  always placed between the 'Owner' and the 'Possession'.
 * 2) The 'Owner is always listed  first.

Combative Speech
The Velenian Language has the unique speech pattern called the "Combative Speech". The combative speech is indicating "a time in battle" or "while fighting" and almost all grammatical declension (pre- and suffxies, som particles, inflection) is stripped from the words, using the basic root of the words. In the paradigms above, the root and the combative tense is exactly the same, to emphasis that there will be no inflection in the combative tense.

Another characteristic of the Combative, sentence wise, is the (usually) lack of pronouns other than personal pronouns. Questions, for example, just aren't asked, because it is given that during battle, soldiers shouldn't ask questions; hence, why should questions be available in a combative tense?

Helian
the Velenian Language also exist on Helioz, as they originate from the same planet, however the Helian People speak in a slightly different dialect than the Velenian people do. There are also some words that have other meanings, in particular, Heli which in Velenian means 'Death' while in Helian means 'Rebirth'. The alphabet of the Helian language is also slightly different, and resembles what we know as "English" more. Here are a few examples:
 * /q/ and /z/ are changed into /k/ and /s/.
 * /f/ loses it's implicit /i/.

CODE_E
CODE_E is a special dialect of the Velenian language, and used only by the Tactitioneers (In charge of tactics). It resembles a sort of encoding or scripting, and can be very confusing to read. It uses only the Combative Tense and rarely very complex sentences.

Velenian
Velanoa vuima ja ygh vamaet dzh vecizqa vuima ja ygh vajetae dzh verremir vuima ja ygh varreqz dzh hanyu (As men we survive; As soldiers we fight; as kings we rule.)

Hanal veyonue dreiz vuina hudo veyonuaj dreien vubeta voina la veubioa zetref vuina vaona znhec hanyu (If I were to say that time has changed me, I would agree with it.)

Combative
Gemeno Brevil Qrazprh hone Gjhe Pedaz brevil helox hone bovina xqherz znhec ygh Nagäc dth ygh qrotä hone odola qrht hanyu cizq Ftrrh Nejyo drarria zelza rthz znhec ygh Nagäc dth van retr ze qrht hanyu (Magic Launchers and Sniper Slaughterers shoot  at Nagas with  black magic and corrosive knives from towers and walls. Sword Bastards fight (at) Nagas with +20 quiver from [last location-object used].) 

CODE_E
IYAOZ_ZE ¤Ëdea_Ftrrh.Nejyo ¤Fora : Zelza_Rthz.Drarri ¤Ëdea_Gjhe.Pedaz ¤Fora : Bovina.Xqherz ¤Ëdea_Brevil.Qrazprh ¤Fora : Brevil.Helox ¤Urobor_Tulinia[LETRO]{ Ftrrh.Nejyo   == FN     Gjhe.Pedaz     == GP     Brevil.Qrazprh == BQ } ¤Ëdea_Iden.Czh.Iyaoz{ >Van(Iden.Xerran) >>Pirr(Pemega.Jegeta) >>Bimon(--DO--) } ALEQZ_ELIQZ >Ven{Gemeno} >>Brevil{Helox} >>Gjh{Bovina.Xqherz} >Vun[BQ'GP] >Oflio[Naga] >Van(Qrota'Odol) + "Qrht" @FDELF_ELIQZ >Ven{Cizq} >>Ribulez{Zelza_Rthz} >Vun[FN] >>Oflio[Naga] >Van(*Retr_Ze.Van;) Hanyu HANAL_{ >Ven{Cqh} >Vun[Naga] >Van(Jegeta) }    LA_{ >Ven{Cqh} >Vun[LETRO] >>Oflio[*Retr_Ze.Vun;] }    Hanyu ANDRH_ELIQZ