Míbvui

General information
Míbvui is the official language of Milibaut, a small country of about 5 million people. It is part of the Camithic ( Míbvui: Caxmíthíc) language family, where it is part of the Shalax (Míbvui: Shalaxcs) branch


 * Proto-Camithic


 * Proto-Shalax


 * Old Shalax


 * Vulgar Shalax


 * Shalax-Míbvui (Shalaxcs en Míbvui)


 * Míbvui

Míbvui became more and less inflected than its parent language. Unlike it's parent language, Míbvui declines for 8 cases (Shalax declined for 4). However, Míbvui merged the potential, dubitative, and subjunctive moods into the modern subjunctive mood (The lines between the optative and subjunctive mood are beginning to blurr in informal Míbvui). It also merged the past habitual and the past imperfective aspects to form the past imperfect.

Consonants
Notes (still being tweeked)

1. /θ/ becomes [ð] when it is at the end of a word

2. /ʃ/ becomes [ʒ] when followed by /i/

3. /ç/ becomes [ʐ] at the beginning of words

4. /ɲ/ becomes [n] where preceded by a vowel and followed by an a

5. Plosives becomes aspirated when not the beginning or final letter in a word

6. /v/ becomes [ɸ] when it is the last letter of a word

7. /ɸ/ becomes [v] when followed by /e/ or /ɛ/

8. /n/, /t/, /d/, and /s/ become [nʷ], [tʷ], [dʷ], and [sʷ] when followed by /ɐ/

9. When /ɹ/ ends the stem of a word, the last vowel sound is placed after it

Alphabet
The actual alphabet of Míbvui is a script that can not be typed. The following is a transcrption called the Trate transcription. Míbvui is phonetic, every letter gets pronounced. Changes with 

Placing  next to certain vowels changes their sound.  was chosen in this transcription because it is the closest to the letter in the native script that causes these sound changes. These sound changes must be memorized.  always affects the vowel that precedes it. The position of the vowel in the word also affects the change.

Stress
In words that end with vowels, stress is usually placed on the last vowel. However, if the letter before the last vowel is also vowel, then stress is placed on the second to last vowel. If a word ends with a consonant, stress is placed on the first vowel, unless a word is more than 4 syllables long. Then stress is placed on the 2nd vowel.

Syllable
(C)(C)V(C)(C)

/h/, /j/, and /ʎ/ may not end a syllable or a word

Pronouns
Pronouns in Míbvui decline regularly as 2nd declension nouns. They are listed below. Míbvui does make a T-V distinction. The table below lists personal pronouns.

The second informal pronoun varies depending on the dialect of Míbvui. Generally southern dialects use vét and vet, northern dialects use véd and ved. Míbvui is not a pro-drop language. Like English, pronouns are required, despite the inflections of the verbs.

Interrogative pronouns are always the last word in a question. The agree in number with the subject of the sentence, with the exception of how. Unlike personal pronouns, they do not decline for case.

Nouns
Nouns in Míbvui are split up into 3 genders, animate, human, and inanimate. Alternatively, the genders can be taught as living, human, and non-living as plants are also included in the animate category. Each gender has its own declension pattern. Animate is first declension, human is second declension, and inanimate is third and fourth declenions

Nouns decline for number as well. All nouns decline for singular, dual, and plural.

Singular: Indicates there is one of the noun.

Dual: Indicates there are two of a noun

Plural: Indicates there are more than two of a noun. Unlike in many languages, collectives and groups are plural in Mibvui.

There are 8 cases in Míbvui, nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, ablative, allative, locative, and vocative. The nominative case marks the subject and is generally unmarked. The accusative case marks the direct object, the dative marks the indirect object, the genitive case marks posession, the ablative case marks motion away from an object, the allative case marks motion to an object, the locative case marks location, and the vocative case marks an object that is being spoken too

The genitive case has some special function, explained later in the article

There is no concept of definitness in Míbvui, fraç can be a dog, the dog, some dog, etc. If one must absolutely talk about a specific noun, demonstrative adjectives are used.

First Declension (Shena ane)

First declension nouns end in fricatives. Example noun: fraç - dog Second Declension (Shena ume)

Second declension nouns end in /b/, /m/, /t/, /d/, /n/, and /k/. Example noun: espon - husband Third Declenion (Shena iner)
 * The vowel is inserted after /b/, /d/, and /k/.

Third declension nouns end in /ɹ/. Example noun: ar - house Fourth Declension (Shena ine)

Fourth declension nouns in any other consonant. Example noun: secc - Sun. Due to the wide variety of possible endings, the declension for these nouns are separate particles, not inflections attatched to the end of the word. Both the noun and the particle will be shown in the chart below. (Is particle the right word? Let me know in the talk section). Irregular Noun Declensions (Shena acce)

There are a handful of irregular noun declensions, the most common of which are -rr nouns. These are the only nouns that break the declension classification. Their declension is listed below. Example noun: serr - food. The other common irregular noun is cacced - life Genitive Case

The genitive case, in addition to the standard possessive use, has some other special uses. The genitive case is used to express cause/effect, action/reaction, and blame. The cause/action/thing to be blamed is declined for the genitive case, and the effect is declined for the accusative case.

Verbs
Verbs in Míbvui conjugate for 5 moods: indicative, optative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. They also conjugate to show the imperfective aspect. The perfect and progressive aspects are done with the help of the auxilary verb thav.

There are 3 tenses in Míbvui: past, present, and future. The past tense can be combined to form the past imperfect tense (ale embe) as opposed to the simple past (ale nar)

Non auxiliary verbs end in -ot or a vowel. When showing the conjugations for the verbs, two regular verbs and the coupla, sot, will be shown'''. '''The examples are thot - to run, and vo, to talk. -ot verbs tend to be more irregular than -vowel verbs

Participles

There are two participles in Míbuvi, the present and past participles. The present participle is used along with thav to indicate the progressive mood. The past participle is used with thav to indicate the perfect aspect. The past participle may also be used to turn the verb into an adjective. In addition to the participles, there is the gerund, or noun form of a verb, and the supine of a verb, which is the purpose of the verb (in order to __). Indicative Mood

The indicative mood is Míbvui's only realis mood. It is used when stating facts or actions that the speaker knows for certain will happen. In the past and present, the indicative mood is the dominant mood. In the future, the indicative mood becomes less dominant. Subjunctive Mood

For more info see: Míbvui Subjunctive

The subjunctive mood is the most common of the 4 irrealis moods, especially in the future tense. The subjunctive mood is used to express uncertainty/doubt and speculation. There are a number of phrases that indicate the use of the subjunctive (111).

Optative Mood

Conditional Mood

Imperative Mood

Imperative Mood Thav - The Auxilary Verb