User:The Kaufman/Sandbox/3

I decided to not publish it on the wiki. May be distantly related to Ahise, and is basically an uglier and more refined version of it.

Consonants
Long consonants are doubled. * j is used after a consonant to palatalize it or for making consonant clusters

* /ʀ/ is a secondary allophone of /r/ and /ɾ/ after long vowels

* /r/ is an allophone of /ɾ/ before any consonants.

Vowels
Long vowels are doubled or indicated with a macron if in the end of a word root/certain affix, i.e. it isn't correct to write *-ii neither in /ŋoti:/ nor in /ŋoti:θ/, but it's correct to write -ī. Mid vowels are lowered in word-final position.

Diphthongs can end only in -i.

Phonotactics
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)(C)

Trills devoice before voiceless consonants.

q is only /q/ before vowels and not at the end of a morpheme

Sound changes/allophony

Vowel harmony
Makes no sense xD



Grammar


1st declension
Those nouns end in a consonant. The example noun is xaak, meaning "bone".

If the word ends in a consonant cluster with an unvoiced final consonant, the final consonant is voiced, e.g. "some kings" - bart + -aþ - *bartaþ - bardaþ.

2nd declension
The 2nd declension nouns end in a vowel. The example noun is bezdö, meaning "fool".

3rd declension
The 3rd declension nouns end in -a. The example noun is mita, meaning "horde". The -a ending isn't a part of the word root, hence it ignores the vowel harmony.

-aš declension
There is also a special -aš declension. The example noun is qantkaš, meaning "vassal". These nouns are usually animate, e.g. qantkaš (vassal), uždraš (infantryman), etc.

Regular declensions
Foreign nouns take -t in plural if they end in -a or a vowel, e.g. ñatū - ñatūt.

Possession
The possession is located before the case marker. After the posession, consonant case markers are put. The -a ending is dropped.

If the preceding morpheme ends in a consonant cluster, an "e" is put before the possession that starts with a consonant to avoid spelling problems, e.g. "your king" - bart + -k - *bartk - *bardk - bardek.

If the preceding morpheme ends in a consonant cluster that ends in an unvoiced consonant, the unvoiced consonant is voiced.

Fusion
Very little fusion's present so far, but -aš assimilates into -am.

Adjectives
The adjectives exist in normal, comparative, superlative, excessive, intensive, inclusive and exclusive forms. They don't decline, unlike the nouns. The comparative form follows the lower rank noun (which is put in genitive case), e.g. Bart qantketai niqnenir. - The king is higher (by government position) than his vassal.

Verbs
The verb system is, well, semifusional. I ain't certain if the slots will be regular.

The example verb phrase is "iqŋaaknamextiñkemŋismaxtjenaanþsqaarknitnömtqaan" /iχŋa:knamextiɲkemŋismaxtjena:nθsχa:rknitnømtχa:n/ (It's average, lols) - "and that it was said "if several of us, including several of you, should've been uncertainly permitting few animate objects related to him to be able to go long time ago"

Aspects
There are 3 irregular aspects: imperfective, perfective and progressive, and 2 regular aspects: inceptive/inchoative and cessative, indicated by -aŋ- and -iŋ- respectively. The regular aspects are put after the verb stem and irregular aspect.

Moods
* These moods are the only regular moods.

* ŋi is used for negative permissive

Indicative mood
The indicative mood is used to just indicate an action or a state of an object, e.g. bard-aŋ-k-er - he became a king.

Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is used to express "if" clauses (Gawd, why do I model everything on Russian?), e.g. bard-aŋ-m-e - if he becomes a king...

Potential mood
The potential mood is used to express "can" clauses, e.g. bard-aŋ-je - he can become a king.

Jussive mood
The jussive mood is used for (seldom) imperative and in place of gnomic/habitual aspect and (mainly) for hortative clauses, e.g. bard-aŋ-ta - he must become a king.

Optative mood
The optative mood is used to indicate wish or curse, e.g. bard-aŋ-ti - May he become a king.

Permissive mood
The permissive mood is used to indicate permission and is used with another verb, e.g. ŋaak-bard-aŋ-k-ek-s - I allow you to become a king.

Desiderative mood
The desiderative mood is used to indicate will, e.g. bard-aŋ-ja - he wants to become a king.

Inferential/eventive
The inferential or eventive is used to express third person source, e.g. nam-bard-aŋ-k-er - it is said that he became a king.

-in verbs tense/person table
AKA the verbs ending in a consonant.

-t verbs tense/person table
AKA the verbs ending in a vowel.

Pronoun subject endings


Adverbs
The adverbs are formed with -it (which varies depending on the adjectivizers) and are always before the verb.

Syntax
The normal syntax is OSV, as in sentence Tixkart birzgasker ñeqardžerkte uždramknat - "(The) enemy was defeated by (the) 81st infantry regiment". The object-first syntax is typical for all Mōtī languages.

In relative clauses, the verb is first, as in clause ...iqbirzgasker tixkart ñeqardžerkte uždramknat - "that (the) enemy was defeated by (the) 81st infantry regiment"

Vocabulary
See /Vocabulary/.

Example text
''Tnektseñaanker teeqeks yextekqaan kteve nixtsaŋ mneqtparmet. Ñeqtatekneñaankernaant qatk gaqvitskqaan veldjerdemkiqtaŋ qtansnistnaanqaan.''

/tnek.tse.ɲa:n.ker te:.χeks yeç.te.qχa:n kte.ve niç.tsaŋ mneχt.par.met. ɲeχ.ta.te.ɲa:n.ker.na:nt χatk gaχ.vits.qχa:n vel.ɟer.dem.kiχ.taŋ χtans.nist.na:n.χa:n/ 

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.