Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang …

'''Constantly in development. It will change significantly. '''

JUST REDO IT, REDO IT ALLLLLLLLL ;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;

History and Explination
Nomidian retains two cases: the subject and the genitive. Towards the middle ages, irregularities within most noun paradigms began regularizing to where the stem took over (pater would be patrus). Eventually, all cases became obsolete with only the genitive case remaining: the genitive in fact gained more use becoming the case for: possessive, compounds, honorifics / modifier nouns, and other relationships between two or more nouns (other than those determined by conjunctions).

Grammatical gender began simplifying early on. The masculine and neuter genders merged with the neuter being completely taken over by the masculine (with some exceptions to feminine). The difference therebetween also began simplifying to be more clear.

Declension
Examples

Articles
Articles developed later on to define the grammatical number and nature of that number of the noun.

The first article was the definite article from  ILLE . It defines the noun in question as a/some specific one[s] compared to in general; nouns described are always full nouns. It is also used for a proper nouns (including names).

The second developed was the indefinite article from  ŪNUS . It defines the noun in question any noun of that noun; these are always a single noun and always in the singular. The third developed was the partative article from  DĒ + ILLE . It defines a noun that is a part of a greater noun whole; it acts as the plural of the indefinite article.

The fourth and final one developed was the universal article (classified as "mass nouns" in English and other germanic languages) from  ECQUIS ; this devolved into the constructional form ec-/e- and -qui. It defines all of any one of one type of noun; it is always classified as plural.

History and Introduction
Adjectives became universally standardized (except for a couple defective ones which are majority loans). In essance, they followed the same path as nouns. Though, while adjectives like most romance languages did loose the morphological constructions of superlative and comparative, Nomidian developed a type of conotative declension creating "positive" and "negative" forms of adjectives (explained again further down). This developed from a form of ablaut stemming from tone differences with a lower, voiced pitch for negative and a higher, lighter pitch for positive.

Adverbs
Adjectives can be made into adjectives with two suffixes: -emen from  MENTE ; and -emôdu from  MODŌ . The former pertains to a state (quickly, rapidly, sadly), and the latter pertains to a method of doing the doing (fast, with speed, with sadness). If an adverb does not end in one of these two suffixes, it is a stand-alone adverbs which are those which are only adverbs (tomorrow, today, how).

Other

 * Deictic, Demonstrative Pronoun

It comes from the construction  ECCE + HIC  for proximal and  ECCE + ILLE  for distal.
 * Deictic Adjective
 * It comes from the construction  ECCE + IS .


 * Relative Pronoun

Verbs

History and Introduction
Like nouns, verbs have been mainly standardized. The conjugation thereof has also changed dramatically. The perfect tenses and the passive tense have been dropped completely in terms of morphology (being replaced with paraphrastic phrases): instead, the perfect tenses were shown with the construction of  HABEŌ + past participle ( HABEŌ in the given perfect tense); the passive was replaced with a syntactical construction (explained later under Passive). The imperfect tense fell out of use being replaced with the regular perfect tense which had changed meanings to the general past. The future tense had been replaced with the construction of infinitive + HABEŌ  (present tense). The conditional tense had been created with the construction of infinitive + HABEŌ  (imperfect tense).

The imperitive split into two tenses: the hortative and the imperitive. The imperitive only exists in the present within the second person: it means a command, a demand (not a suggestion). The hortative represents a whole tense which means suggestion which was formed by the construction verb + ĪRE  (it is considared an extension of the subjunctive present tense despite  ĪRE  being conjugated in the indicative present).

The subjunctive was expanded however. The subjunctive grew to mean an interrogative, potential, or optative depending on context (explained more under Subjunctive in Syntax). However, the morphology of the subjunctive remains underdeveloped. There are only three tenses, present, simple past, and hortative. The future tense is not morphological with the subjunctive, instead it is done with the future tense of êche and the gerund.

Conjugation

 * essere [ɛʃ(ə)] - to be tr./aux.


 * Infinitive: essere
 * Gerund: essend
 * Past Participle: estum
 * aviér [avjɛr] - to have tr./aux.


 * Infinitive: habēre
 * Gerund: habend
 * Past Participle: habitum
 * amár [aˈmar] - to love; to like; to enjoy tr.


 * Infinitive: -āre
 * Gerund: -and
 * Past Participle: -ātum
 * bevre [bɛvr(ə)] - to read tr./intr.


 * Infinitive: -ere
 * remegniér [rəməˈɲjɛr] - to remain; to stay; (refl.) to belong (with a) intr.


 * Infinitive: -ēre
 * darmír [darˈmir] - to sleep intr.


 * Infinitive: -īre
 * Gerund: -
 * Past Participle:

Adverbs
look under Adjectives.

Sound Changes
Legend: C = consonant | V = vowel | ´ = stressed | ˝ = near-stress/secondary stress | ` = unstressed | % = intertonic vowel | ¯ = long vowel | L = {l r j w} | O = open syllable | Ɵ = closed syllable | $ = syllable | J = {i i: ɪ j e e:} | P = plosive | G = {j w} | ˆ = secondary stress | Ob = obstruent {ai oi y} > {ɛ: je: i} {pʰ tʰ kʰ} > {f t͡s t͡ʃ} h > ∅ VN > Ṽ ! V́N > Ṽ́N {o: e:} > {ɔ: ɛ:} / Ɵ́ {ɪ́ ʊ́} > {é ó} ; {ɪ̀ ʊ̀} > {i u} ! Ɵ > {e o} s > h / _#, _C kC > jC {k g} > {t͡s d͡ʒ} / _J ŋn > ɲ sk > ʃ: ; t͡ʃ > ʃ {n l} > {ɲ ʎ} / j_, _j {ɔ ɛ} > {wo je} / Ó ! Ṽ {tr dr} > {sr zr} {a: á} > ɑ {uh ũ} > ∅ / _# a > ɛ / Ɵ̀ ! Ṽ s > z / V_V {ĩ ũ ɑ̃} > {ɛ̃ ɔ̃ æ̃~ɛ̃} {ɔ̀ ɔ̃} > {ɑ ɑ̃} / O V̀ > ə / O ! $́_ p > h / _C w > ∅ / C_ t > t͡s / _j t > ∅ / _# {sr zr} > {ʃ ʒ} t͡s > s ! #_, ə_$́ Ob > Ob̥ / _# h > ∅ {m b} > w / _C {ɔ̀ ɛ̀} > {u i} / _# ɑ > a {r l} > {∅ j} / V_V l > z / _C oj > we {aj ɛj ej ɑj ɔj} > {ɛ ɛ i aj ɔj} ; új > œj ; ùj > wi {aw ɛw ew iw ɔw ow} > {o œ u ju ɔ u} ə > ∅? optional, although near universal finally k > ʃ / _# ~ k > t / _# ʎ > ʝ~ʒ –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Veritas nunquam perit (Truth never perishes)

Illa vēritās nōn perit temporquis

[ɪl:a we:rɪta:s no:n pɛrɪt ʊmkwam]

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Ire fortiter quo nemo ante iit (To bodly go where no one has gone before)

Dē gradī fortī mente quō nōn habet gressum homōquis abante

[de: gradi: forti: mɛntɛ kwo: no:n habɛt grɛs:ʊm hɔmo:kwɪs abantɛ]

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Non scholae, set vitae discimus

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