Fiorentu-Riograndais

Fiorentu-Riograndais(also known by its native name: Gabřieščina) is a South Slavic language strongly influenced by Serbo-Croatian. It is not a language, but a group of 3 languages closely related(Fiorentese, Riograndais and Gabrienese). Fiorentu-Riograndais has a complex morphology, like that of Slavic languages, but the flexional system has been simplified a lot, and now it contains two numbers, seven cases and no genders. Nouns and adjectives are declined the same and numbers follow them.

Overview of the grammatical cases
Fiorentu-Riograndais has seven grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental and locative. See bellow the grammatical function of each grammatical case:
 * 1) Nominative: subject of a sentence
 * 2) Genitive: possession and after prepositions such as bez, u, s and prez
 * 3) Dative: indirect object and after some prepositions. Ex: Ja datili knihu Anni
 * 4) Accusative: direct object and after certain prepositions. Ex: Ja imam knihu
 * 5) Vocative: call or address someone. Ex: Anno!
 * 6) Instrumental: action is being done with someone or something. Also, it is the object of the verb to be in an afirmative statement. Ex: Ja idam z Annom
 * 7) Locative: indicates “static” destination or localization. Ex: Sad ja sam u školi

Nouns, adjectives and numbers
Fiorentu-Riograndais' nouns, adjectives and numbers are declined in a similiar way and follow the same rules. The adjectives should be on the same case on which the noun is while some numbers require the noun in a determined grammatical case.

Exceptions and irregularities
Some nouns are irregular and don't follow the normal declension rules, either by changing internally or by using other endings for cases. The number of irregular nouns is very smaller than the number of irregular words in other slavic languages.

Verbs
The verbs are declined in person(1st, 2nd and 3rd), gender(masculine, feminine and neuter, just on the 2nd person), mood(subjunctive, aorist, imperative and indicative), tense(present, past and future) and aspect(perfect and imperfect). Almost every verb ends in a vowel plus the consonant -t, and it should be removed before conjugating the verb. See bellow the conjugation pattern for regular verbs: *Here the V stands for the last vowel of the verb

Pronouns
Pronouns decline by number, case and by gender(on the 3rd person of singular only). They are classified in types: Personal, possessive, demonstrative, indefinite and relative.

Personal pronouns
The personal pronouns change by number and case. They follow almost the same pattern as the nouns, but there are some differences.

Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns/adjectives are used to indicate possession. They're declined as well and their stem is based on the genitive form of the personal pronouns.

Demonstrative pronouns
There are 3 kinds of demonstrative pronouns in Fiorentu-Riograndais: distal, proximal and medial. They can be used in the place of the determinate articles, as Fiorentu-Riograndais has no articles.
 * Distal is used when the object is far away from the person who talks and to whom talks.
 * Proximal is used when the object is near the person who talks or writes.
 * Medial is used when the object is near the person to whom we're talking.

Reciprocal pronoun and verbal particle se
The pronoun "se" can have two grammatical functions: a reciprocal pronoun and a verbal particle which comes with many verbs. It's declinable when it acts as a reciprocal pronoun, however it's indeclinable if it just follows the verb(there are some verbs which carry it).

Syntax
The syntax of the Fiorentu-Riograndais is free because of the grammatical cases which indicate the syntactic function of a word in a sentence, so that the meaning becomes clearer. But the most common syntax rules are:
 * 1) The adjective comes before the noun
 * 2) The subject comes before the verb and the object
 * 3) The subject is not required because it's already indicated by the verb
 * 4) The sentence requires at least an intransitive verb

See more
English-Fiorentese dictionary

Basic Fiorentu-Riograndais phrases