Valdirsk

Description
Valdirsk is a conlang with some West Scandinavian, Goidelic, Magyar, Latin and Croatian influences, but with a mainly innovative vocabulary and grammar. Its principal particularities consist in the Ablaut in nouns to mark dative, its prepositional casus.

Graphematics and Pronunciation
All letters are pronounced, except the optional /k/ at the end of infinitives. Here follows the pronunciation according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA): Examples: vili -> vaili, vedan -> veidan, hal -> hóli, mora -> móru, vúlda -> vuldu, rók -> rauki, hugan -> haugaIn most cases, the tone lays on the first vowel or vowel group. However, bounded morphemes (as -óv- or -ól-) when inserted into the word become its tonal centre.

Nouns
There are three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter), two numbers (singular, plural) and four cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive). Particularly, the accusative is used as subject of an intransitive verb where the subject is an experiencer, while in transitive contexts the subject is in the nominative and the object in the accusative.

Verbs
Here the tense (praesens, passatum, futurum) indicates the moment in which the action occurs, and the modus (ininitiatum, initiatum, finitum) if the action at that time was unbegun, in progress or finished.

Example with to be (vai, irregular):

Praesens Ininitiatum: va-sg-ak*, va-sk-ad, va-sk, va-sk-um, va-sk-ul, va-sk-an

Praesens Initiatum: va-k, va-d, va, va-um, va-ul, va-n

Praesens Finitum: va-ha-k, va-ha-d, va-ha, va-ha-um, va-ha-ul, va-ha-n

Passatus Ininitiatus: va-v-sg-ak, va-v-sk-ad, va-v-sk, va-v-sk-um, va-v-sk-ul, va-v-sk-an

* A -k can never be followed by another -k after a vowel, thus constructions as -kak, -kek, -kik etc. are impossible and the first -k has to be replaced by -g for sound harmony (-gak, -gek, -gik etc.)