Oñ Fruwi

Entire Lexicon, Example Texts

Etymology
sod(to farm)-> swod-> swodi -> swoɾi -> swori = name of land

later, sworus = name of people

later, swuriis = name of language

'''These people have existed for a very very long time okay? i didn't know what else to do kay?'''
 * swori -> þwori -> θ̼rori -> frorwi -> forwi
 * sworus -> þworu -> θ̼roru -> frorwu -> frwu -> furwu
 * swuriis -> þwurii -> θ̼rurii -> frurwii -> fruwii -> fruwi

Classification

 * A posteriori
 * Nouns
 * Head Last
 * Isolating
 * Decline for Number and Gender
 * [PREP - ART] - [DET.INDF - DET.DEF] - NUM - CL - ADJ(s) - NOUN
 * (compound adj : all over six feet tall trees)
 * either articles or determiners, cannot have both
 * no relative clauses
 * Verbs
 * Head Middle
 * Agglutinating
 * Conjugate for Voice, Volition, Person, Number, Tense, and Aspect
 * [MODL] [VOC-VOL-ASP-] STEM [-T-PER-NUM-PRTC] - [ADV(s)]
 * S[OV][OV](Formal), S[VO][VO](Informal)
 * Nominative-Accusative
 * Latin Script, L→R/T→B/F→B/

Vowels

 * Diphthongs are phonemic
 * Diphthongs can only be closing (ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou, ae, ao, ʌe, ʌo)

Phonotactics
In Fruwi, the syllable structure is (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C), its better defined (C)(A)V(V)(A)(C) or GV(V)(A)(C)


 * A=any Approximant
 * G=any Glottal Consonant
 * C=Any Other Consonant

Example: Frailm*/frailm/ or Àilm*/hailm/

Stress
Stress is not defined in Fruwi, and depending of the dialect or even person, it can change completely.

Allophony
Vowels(et diphs) Become nasalized next to nasals, or even if there is an approximant between them

- /en.e/→[ẽn.ẽ],/eɹn/→[ẽɹn],/nje/→[njẽ]

If there is a labial in a syllable, all sounds become compressed

- /fɹu/→[ɸɹᵝɯᵝ],/wi/→[ɰi]

vowels and semivowels become "rounded" If right next to a labial (and high enough)

- /uf/→[ɯ̹ᵝɸ]

Approximants, Radicals, and vowels have same voicing as closest consonant ONSET or CODA

- /sɹ/[s̺ɹ̺̥],/zɹ/→[z̺ɹ̺],/es/→[e̥s̺], /ez/→[ez̺]/heɹs/→[ħ̥e̥ɹ̺̥s̺],/heɹz/→[ħ̬eɹ̺z̺]

if the pronunciation is ambiguous :ex =/kaf.ja/ vs /ka.fja/, then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant (/kaf.ja/)

ROUNDING != Compressing

Writing System
Oñ Fruwi may use any writing system, Unicameral or not (but determiners and pronouns are differentiated by capitalization in written form), but I use the Latin Version. You could use any system if it works.

Punctuation - the comma
Serial comma(lists)


 * The (andr) red, blue, green dogs
 * the (andr) dogs, cats, parrots

Joining two independent clauses (before cöordinating conjunctions)


 * Mary walked to the party, but she was unable to walk home.

Grouping numbers (by 3)


 * 131,131,131,123;12,122,12

Parenthesis (rhetoric) - Wikipedia maybe???

Differences

 * Aspirated Oral Stops vs Voiced Oral Stops
 * Bilabial Fricatives vs Labiodental Fricatives
 * Velar Fricatives vs Uvular
 * Bilabial approximant vs bilabial-velar approximant
 * Velar approximant vs Palatal Approximant
 * Alveolar approximant vs Alveolar trill
 * the Lateral approximant
 * vowels glottal vs epiglottal vs pharyngeal vs tonal
 * Vowel positions
 * D1:/ɐ̞ ə i uʷ e̞ ɤ̞ʷ/
 * D2:/ä ʌ̈ ï üʷ e̞ ɤ̞ʷ/
 * D3:/æ̈ ɑ̽ ɪ ʊʷ e̞ ɤ̞ʷ/

Capitalization

 * Nouns
 * Pronouns
 * Articles
 * Numbers
 * NOT Start of sentence

Articles
unlike most other words starting with vowels; articles don't have acute accent Ō, because they combine with anything not a noun or verb & end with -o

Noun articles
ART - means article

Collective Nouns/Classifiers
word"kal" (will be in Lexicon)

CL -   means collective for modern, classifier for future

for example:


 * kal mano: a group of people
 * kal kal mano: a group of group of people

MAY STACK INFINITELY

Maybe classifiers will develop???

Mass Nouns
All nouns are treated as countable nouns, an example of such a language is turkish. The default, like turkish, is also plural.

For example:


 * Goàne, Meaning rice, is a mass noun, but treated as a countable noun
 * The singular "Goàne" may be translated into english as "a grain of rice"
 * The plural, "Goàneñ", may be translated as "rice" or "*rices"

Cöordinating conjunctions (Independent - Independent)
goes before the subject and needs COMMA


 * Mary walked to the party, but she was unable to walk home.

Subordinating conjunctions (Independent - Dependent)
goes after the subject and needs multiple SENTENCES


 * I fed the cat. I after brushed my teeth. FRU


 * after I fed the cat, I brushed my teeth. ENG
 * I brushed my teeth after I fed the cat. ENG


 * I slept. I because was sleepy. FRU

also used for subjunctive mood with word for "if" - WORD GOES HERE
 * because I was sleepy, I slept. ENG
 * I slept because I was sleepy.  ENG

Verbs

 * Root:
 * has to start with C where C=any consonant
 * has to end with CV where V=<ʌ>
 * cannot end with VCV where C= Rest:
 * Modality is separate words (auxiliary)
 * Voice, Volition, and Aspect are Prefixes
 * Tense, Person, Number, and Participle, are Suffixes

Modality

 * Just shown as an auxiliary
 * Before Verb as another word (Only Isolating part)
 * don't have syllable constraints
 * Can Have Duplicates/synonyms

Participle
add a  to the end Ex: vekocheqa Qoita = cooked goat

Conjugation Depending on Pronoun (Pronoun - Conjugation)

 * 1S - 1S, 2S - 2S, 3S - 3S, 4S - 4S, 0S - 0S
 * 1P - 1P, 2P - 2P, 3P - 3P, 4P - 4P, 0P - 0P
 * Unknown Person - 4S/4P
 * Topic - 4S/3P
 * Demonstrative - 3S/3P
 * Indefinite - (Universal and Existential - 0P) (Negatory and Alternative - 0S)
 * Comparative/Superlative - 0P
 * Impersonal in Active/Intransitive in Active - 0S

4 types of Verbs:

 * Transitive Personal (Give)
 * Always has NOM. and ACC.
 * Intransative Personal (Travel)
 * Active - Has NOM.
 * Passive - Has ACC.


 * Transitive Imprsonal
 * Active - Has ACC.
 * Passive - Has NOM.


 * Intransative Impersonal (Rain)
 * Never has NOM. and ACC.