Bahasa Panau

Bahasa Panau (bah-HAH-sah pah-NAW) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Island of Panau, Malay Archipelago. This is based on the island nation of Panau in Just Cause 2.

As an Austronesian language, it is very close to such languages like Filipino (Wikang Filipino), Malay (Bahasa Melayu), and Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), and others from Javanese (Basa Java), Bisaya (Sinugbuanong Binisaya), Ilokano (Pagsasao nga Ilokano), Minangkabau (Baso Minangkabau), and Acehnese (Bahsa Aceh); but most words come from Malay, Indonesian and Filipino. Some words come from foreign languages.

This can be classified as a Malay creole or Indonesian creole that is mixed with Filipino (Tagalog) vocabulary and a little grammar.

The language uses Latin, Tamil, and Thai alphabets.

Author's Note: Updates every 2 days or 1 week depending on my schedule!!

Alphabet (Alpabet)
Latin, Tamil and Thai are dominantly used throughout Panau, Devanagari is used by Buddhist monks, and Arabic by the Muslim minority. Example:

(ee-NEEH ah-dah-LAH EEHN-duh)

Ini adalah indah.

இநி அத்ல: இநத்:.

อินิ อะทละ: อินทะ:.

इनि अदलः इंदाः

يني ادلاه ينداه.

Greetings
Hello! = Halo!

Goodbye! = Bai!

How are you? = Kamu baik?

I'm fine. = Baikku. / Aku adalah baik.

I'm not fine. = Tidak baikku. / Aku adalah tidak baik.

What is your name? = Apa namamu?

My name is ... = Namaku adalah ...

Where are you from? = Ora-dimana kamu?

I'm from ... = Ora-... aku.

Where do you live? = Dimana tirahanmu?

I live in ... = Tirahanku di ...

How old are you? = Berapa gulangmu?

I am ... years old. = Gulangku adalah ...

Nice to meet you. = Senang setiap bertemu kamu.

Good morning. = Indah pagi.

Good noon. = Indah tengahari.

Good afternoon. = Indah sore.

Good night. = Indah malam.

Yes. = Iya.

No. = Tidak.

Maybe. = Mungkin.

Thank you. = Makasih.

Thank you so much. = Makasih banyak.

You're welcome = Sama-sama.

Excuse me. = Maapkan.

Sorry. = Sori.
 * halo = hello
 * bai = bye, goodbye
 * kamu = you
 * baik = good
 * -ku = my, mine
 * aku = I, me
 * adalah = am, is
 * tidak = no, not
 * apa = what
 * nama = name
 * -mu = your
 * ora- = person from, person to do
 * dimana = where
 * tirah = live
 * -an = suffix
 * di = at, on, in
 * berapa = how many
 * gulang = age
 * senang = happy
 * setiap = -ing
 * bertemu = meet (temu = intersection)
 * indah = beautiful
 * pagi = morning
 * tengahari = noon
 * sore = afternoon
 * malam = night, evening
 * iya = yes
 * mungkin = maybe
 * makasih = thank, thank you
 * banyak = many
 * sama-sama = welcome, you're welcome
 * maapkan = excuse, excuse me
 * sori = sorry

Colors (Warna-warna)
red = merah

orange = jeruk / oreinj

yellow = kuning

green = hijau

blue = beru

purple = ungu

brown = warna coklat / warna kopi

black = hitam

white = putih

pink = warna rosa

Language, Do you Speak ...?
Do you speak ...? = Kamu setiap berjakap ...?

I speak ... / I speak ... language. = Berjakapku bahasa ...

Do you understand? = Pahammu?

Yes, I understand. = Iya, aku paham. / Iya, pahamku.

No, I do not understand. = Tidak, aku tidak paham.
 * berjakap = speak, talk (jakap = confident)
 * bahasa = language
 * paham = understand

Animals (Hiwan-hiwan)
dog = anjing / asu

cat = kucing

cow = sepi

horse = kuda

goat = kambing

bird = burung

chicken = ayam

parrot = parut

duck = itik

lizard = cicak

crocodile = buaya

bee = lebah

ant = semut

mosquito = nyamuk

housefly = lalat

monkey = monyet

pig = babi

lion = singa

tiger = macan

bear = beruang

elephant = gajah

squid = sotong

deer = rusa

rhino = rino / badak

snake = ular

owl = hageb

rabbit = arnab

fish = sida / ikan

Flavors (Rasa-rasa)
sweet = manis

sour = masim

salty = masin

spicy = halang / pedas

bitter = pahit

fresh = sewari

delicious = sedap

hot = panas

cold = sejuk

Parts of the Body (Bahagian-bahagian badan)
hair = rambut

eyes = mata

ears = telinga

nose = hidung

mouth = mulut

tongue = lidah

head = kepala

face = muka / wajah

neck = leher

shoulder = balikat

arms = sancata

hands = tangan

fingers = jartangan

chest = yada

belly = perut

hips = pinggul

legs = dengkul

knees = tungkai

feet = kaki

toes = jarkaki

heart = jantung

liver = hati

blood = darah

skin = kutis

Seasons (Sisun-sisun)
spring = haru

summer = natu

autumn = aki

winter = puyu

Members of the Family (Member-member kelarkan)
father = induk lelaki / bapa

mother = induk gadis / ibu

child = anak

sibling = adiak

grandfather = apung lelaki / datuk

grandmother = apung gadis / nenek

parent = induk

cousin = sepupu

uncle = kepinduk lelaki / paman

auntie = kepinduk gadis / bibi

in-law = benan

partner (husband/wife) = jodoh

husband = suami

wife = istri / isteri

niece / nephew = pemikin

Plurality (Pluraliti)
Just repeat a noun, like for example, children = anak-anak, goats = kambing-kambing, etc.

Pronouns (Pronun-pronun)
Since there are no possessive forms for plural pronouns, use the formula: (noun) + (pronoun).

Alternative form of "kamu" is "engkau" and "kau".

To use the noun "anjing", which means dog, there is a lot of possessive combinations: However, plural pronouns should not be confused with the sentences:
 * anjingku = my dog
 * anjingmu = your dog
 * anjingnya = his / her dog
 * anjing kami = our dog (not you included)
 * anjing kita = our dog (you included)
 * anjing kalian = your dog (you guys, you people)
 * anjing mereka = their dog

Anjing-anjing mereka = Their dogs

Mereka adalah anjing-anjing. = They are dogs.

The notable difference is seen, in which in the second sentence, the word "adalah" is placed, which means is or am.

There are some pronouns for objects like:

Ini -> "This"

Itu -> "That"

In order to tell "this one" or "that one", place the word "yang" in order to be "yang ini" or "yang itu".

Sini> "Here"

Sana > "There"

Seperti ini =====> "Like this"

Seperti itu =====> "Like that"

Nature (Kepaligidan)
sun = matahari

moon = bulan

star = bintang

sky = langit

cloud = awan / penod

rain = hujan

water = danum

wind = hangin

snow = salji

land, soil = tanah

mountain = gunung

hill = bukit

valley = lembah

plains = datar / kedataran

tree = pohon / pokok

flower = bunga

desert = mingau / gurun

forest = hutan

sand = pasir

grass = rumput

island = pulau

archipelago = kepulauan

river = sungai

sea = sulug / laut

ocean = kesulugan / kelautan

earthquake = lindul

tsunami = cunami

storm = ribut

typhoon = amdi / taipun

snowstorm = ribut salji

Subjects (Sabjek-sabjek)
Mathematics = Matematik

Social Studies = Ajarin Masiarakat

History = Kesaisaan

Geography = Jograpi / Heograpi

Economics = Ekonomiks

Civics = Sibiks

Science = Sayans

English = Bahasa Ingles

Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) = Musik, Sening, Ajarin Pisikal, dan Kelusukan

Technology and Livelihood Education = Ajarin Teknoloji dan Kehidupan

Home Economics = Ekonomiks Rumah

Good Manners and Right Conduct = Sara Baik dan Konduk Tepat
 * ajar = study
 * -in = connective, (Filipino -in)
 * masiarakat = community, society
 * saisa = history
 * ke- -an = connective, (Malay / Indonesian ke- -an), (Filipino ka- -an)
 * sening = art
 * lusuk = vigor, strength (Filipino lusog)
 * hidup = life of a person
 * rumah = house, home
 * sara = manner, way of doing
 * tepat = right way to do

Countries (Bangsa-bangsa)
U.S.A. = Amerika / Bangsa Bersatu Amerika

Philippines = Pilipinas

Panau = Panau

Malaysia = Malaysia

Indonesia = Indonesia

Vietnam = Wietnam

Thailand = Tanah Thai

China = Caina

Japan = Yapun

Korea = Koria

U.K. = Kerajaan Bersatu / Kerajaan Bersatu Britanya

India = Baharata

Saudi Arabia = Saudi Arabia / Kerajaan Saudi Arabia

France = Prans

Spain = Ispein

Italy = Itali

Russia = Rasia

Germany = Jermani / Germani

Brazil = Brasil

Mongolia = Mongolia

Kazakhstan = Kasakstan

Pakistan = Pakistan

Iran = Airan

Iraq = Airak

Israel = Israyel

Turkey = Turki

Greece = Helinika / Griega
 * bangsa = country, nation
 * satu = one
 * ber- = have, had
 * raja = king

Vehicles (Lugan-lugan)
car = kereta

motorcycle = motorsiklet

bicycle = duasiklet, bisiklet

tricycle = tigasiklet, trisiklet

unicycle = satusiklet, unisiklet

pedicab = pedikab

scooter = skuter

truck = trak

bus = bus

van = ban

boat = perahu

ship = kapal

airplane = wiman

helicopter = helikopter

Directions (Direksi-direksi)
north = utara

south = selatan

west = barat

east = timur

up = atas / naik

down = turun

left = kiri

right = kanan

front = hadap

back = kembali

Prefix (Prepiks)
ora-, peng- = states where the person is from, what his/her job or doing is.

ber- = to be, to have

mem-, meng- = to do

di- = was done, did

nan- = more, less (comparative)

ter- = most, least (superlative)

se- = one thing (Filipino sang-), (Malay / Indonesian se-)

pada- = to have an ability

ben-, peng- = states what thing is used for (Filipino pang-)

ke-, ker- = sets the gloss of an adjective (Fil. ma-, ka-)

ta- = makes a noun change into a verb (ex. to color = tawarna)

Suffix (Sapiks)
-kah = asking a question curiously (last word only!)

-lah = saying politely (last word only!)

-in / -an = stating the use of a noun or verb (Filipino -in, -an)

-kan = results in a verb indicating causation; making or causing something to happen.

Confix (Konpiks)
ke- -an, ker- -an = (English -ness), noun referring to a place or region, etc. (Malay / Indonesian ke- -an), (Filipino ka- -an)

ketidak- -an = (English in/un- -ness), negation of ke- -an

pe- -an, per- -an = noun referring to a place or region

Basic Words (Kata Basik)
person = orang, rakyat, manusia

man = lelaki

woman = gadis

city = kota

town = bandar

country = bangsa

animal = hiwan

plant = tanaman

house = rumah

language = bahasa

province = wilayah, probinsi

region = rantau, rijon

race (people) = kitu

earth = bumi, dunia

Technology (Teknoloji)
computer = kompiuter

cellphone = selpon

tablet = tablet

television = telebisi

radio = radio

refrigerator = reprijereitor

microwave = maikroweib

CD disk = disk CD

bulb = buhilam

Government (Kerintahan)
government = kerintahan (root word rintah meaning govern, ke- -an)

president = pangulu

vice president = pangulu bisi

senator = senator

senate = senat

law = hukum

court = hukuman

community, society = masiarakat

politics = politiks

economics = ekonomiks

factory = paktori

product = produk

Mathematical Operations (Operasi Matematikal)
addition = ketambahan

add = tambah

subtraction = kehikian

subtract = hiki

multiplication = kegunaan

multiply = guna

division = kejurangan

divide = jurang

fraction = oten

... over ... (... / ...) = ... per ...

1/2 = satu per dua / separuh (half)

1/3 = satu per tiga / sengarat

1/10 = satu per sepuluh / sepulir

equals / equals to... = sama (same)

Emotions (Emosi-emosi)
happy = senang

sad = sedih

angry = marah

laugh, laughter = tawa

worry = kuatir

doubt = ragu

pity, mercy = balas

scared, fear = takut, ketakutan

nervous = marudah

depression = kesedihan, depresi

Adjectives (Kata-kata sipat)
tall = jangkung

big = besar

short, small, little, tiny = kecil

beautiful = indah

handsome = tampan

ugly = hodoh

fat = lemak

thin = tipis

strong, powerful = kuat

weak = daip

wise, intelligent, knowledgeable = bijak

fool = menipu

kind, good = baik

bad = buruk

many = banyak

few = sedikit

great = raya

tight = ketat

loose = longgar

bright = terang

dark = gelap

high = tinggi

low = rendah

smooth = lancar

rough = kasar

new = baru

old, ancient = purba

old (age) = tua

young = belia

fast = cepat

slow = lambat

early = awal

late = lewat

thick = tepal

complete = komplit, lengkap

complicated = komplikadi, rumit

hot = panas

cold = sejuk

weird = aneh

easy = mudah

hard = keras

rich = sugih

poor = miskin

sharp = tajam

brave = berani, keberanian

coward, fearful = pengecut

free, independent = merdeka

colorful = kewarnaan (ke- -an)

crazy = gilah

raw = mentah

frozen = beku

burning, overcooked = setiap bakar (bakar = burn)

shy, shame = malu

different = kelain (root word "lain" meaning other)

none, nothing = butin

funny = lucu

native = asli

origin, original = asal, asalan

wide = lebar

narrow = sempit

close = ditutup (tutup = cover, cap)

open = buka

expensive = mahal

cheap = murah

safe = selamat, aman

cute = imut

sleepy = mengantuk

near = dekat

far = jauh

short = pendek

long = panjang, lama

etc...

Placing adjectives should be: (noun) + (adjective).

Placing very: (noun) +[sangat] / (noun) + [banget]

If it is a cardinal adjective: (number) + (noun).

School-related Things (Benda-benda hubung Perajaran)
student = ora-ajar / orang ajar / istudent / pelajar

teacher = ora-mengajar / orang mengajar / guru / ticer / pengajar

learn, study = ajar / pelajari

teach = mengajar

school = perajaran / sekolah / iskul

pencil = pensil

bolpen = bolpen

paper = paperis

chalk = kapur

crayon = kreiyon / krayon

draw = seri

paint = lukis

scholar = iskolar / sekolar

medal = medal

test, exam = eksam / eksaminasi / test

quiz = kwis

seatwork = sitwerk

answer = sahut

chart = cart

globe = glob

map = mapi / mapa / map

Verbs (Kata-Kata kerja)
speak, say, tell = berjakap, berbahasa, tabahasa, bertahu (can also be padamulut, pada- + mulut)

draw = seri

know = tahu

understand = paham

live, settle = tirah

to answer = jawab

teach = mengajar

study, learn = ajar

to color = mewarnai

see, sight = lihat

hear = dengar

smell = bauh

feel = merasa

taste = cipi

touch = sentuh

hold = memegang

continue = terus

find = cari

smile = senyum

frown = kerut

watch (as in to watch someting) = nonton

save, save someone = surang

buy = beli

sell = jual

hide = numput

need = perlu (needs, basic needs = keperluan)

beat (a person in battle, etc.) = atong

bring = bawa

arrive = datang

leave, depart = meninggalkan

stay = tinggal

to cross, to go = pergi

trade = kalakal / kalakalan

to tease = anguda

to fight = kadelem

to do = melakukan

shout = jerit

cry = menangis

walk = berjalan (jalan = street)

run = lari

fall = jatuh

stand = berdiri / bersedili (diri, sedili = one's self / self)

sit = duduk

hop = melompat

fly = melayang

play = bermahin (mahin = play)

to assign = menetapkan

to pinch = mencubit

eat = makan

drink = minum

take = ambil

like, want = ingin, suka, mahu

believe = percaya

dance = tari

act = tindak

change = ganti

call = panggil

sleep = tidur

use = menggunakan

rebel, to be against = memberontak (berontak = struggle)

etc...

Food (Makanan-makanan)
eat = makan

food = makanan (notice the -an)

meat = daging

beef = daging seba

pork = daging babi

chicken = daging ayam

squid = daging sotong

fish = daging sida

fruit = buah

vegetables = sayur

hotdog = hatdog

sausage = soseij

rice = beras, nasi

milk = susu

chocolate = coklat

salad = salad

egg = telor

apple = apal

orange = oreinj

grape, grapes = anggur

pear = peir

mango = mangga

banana = pisang

tamarind = sempaluk

guava = biawas

candy = kendi

cracker, crackers = kraker

wafer = weiper

jelly = jeli

lollipop = lolipap

ice cream = aiskrim

vinegar = cuka

soy sauce = toyo

ketchup, catsup = kacap

sauce = kuah

gravy = greibi

carrot = karot

cabbage = kubis

lettuce = letus

celery = seleri

cheese = panir, keju

oil = minyak

etc...

Months (Bulan)
January = Januari

February = Pebrari

March = Marc

April = April

May = Mei

June = Jun

July = Julai

August = Ogost

September = September

October = Oktober

November = Nobember

December = Desember

Days of the Week (Hari Minggu)
Sunday = Rawi

Monday = Soma

Tuesday = Mangala

Wednesday = Boda

Thursday = Bihi

Friday = Siukra

Saturday = Siani

Other Terms
month = bulan

day = hari

week = minggu

year = tahun

Time (Waktu)
hour = pukul

minute = minit

second = saat

am = pagi

pm (afternoon) = sore

pm (night) = malam

Example: November 27, 2:35 pm = Nobember duapuluh tujuh, pukul kedua dan minit ketigapuluh lima sore

Frequency
every = saban (saban hari, saban bulan, saban tahun)

People and Society, etc. (Orang-orang dan Masiarakat, etc.)
people = orang / rakyat

community, society = masiarakat

living = kehidupan

religion, belief = agama / samparatya

technology = teknoloji

government = kerintahan

culture = budaya

tradition = tradisi / adat

race of people = kitu

species, specimen = spesi, spesimen

language = bahasa

native language = bahasa asli / bahasa asal (original)

sign language = bahasa isyarat (sign)

communicate = berkomunikasi

start = mulai / semulai

end = ahir

conversation = konbersasi / keberjakapan

inside = dalam

outside = luar

...

Romance (Pecintaan)
I love you. = Aku cinta kamu.

Do you love me? = Kamu cinta aku?

I love you so much. = Aku cinta kamu banyak.

I want you. = Aku mahu kamu.

You're beautiful. = Kamu adalah indah. / Indah kamu.

You're handsome. = Kamu adalah tampan. / Tampan kamu.

You're sexy. = Kamu adalah seksi. / Seksi kamu.

You're attractive. = Kamu adalah kerakit. / Kerakit kamu. (akit = attract)

Can we have a moment? = Boleh kita jurus? (jurus = moment)

I'm (...) = Aku adalah (...). / (...) aku.

single = lajang

married = dinikah (nikah = marry)

widowed = dijanda (janda = widow)

divorced = dicerai (cerai = divorce)

complicated = dirumit (rumit = complicate)

...

Tenses (Tegang-tegang)
Past: sudah & telah (already), dulu (distant past), tadi (recent past)

Present: setiap, sekarang (now)

Future: akan (will), dapat (should), kelak (distant future), nanti (near future)

Events (Acara-acara)
Happy Birthday! = Senang Hari Lahir! (lahir = born, birth)

Happy New Year! = Senang Tahun Baru!

Merry Christmas! = Senang Krismas! / Senang Hari Noel!

Happy Easter! = Senang Hari Paskah!

Happy Anniversary! = Senang Anibersari! / Senang Hari Kenikahan (nikah = marry, kenikahan = marriage)