Euro

Euro is a future dialect of English spoken around the year 2100. It developed by pidginization under the influence of the languages of the European Union, especially French and German, and the Romance languages in general. Technically, Euro is an English-based pidgin that was naturally simplified by being used as a second language (L2) by speakers of different European languages when it became the official language of the European Union. In 2100, Euro is the lingua franca of European Union.

History and classification
Its origins go back at first to Oxford British English with the "Received Pronunciation" which was considered the European standard of English, meanwhile it was heavily influenced by "General American" English due to the great cultural influence of the United States on Europe, learned by many Europeans through films, series, music, slogans, etc.

As it was learnt as a second language, Europeans of different nationalities introduced a multitude of mistakes, mixing British English with American English, misinterpreting English spelling, misanalysing syntax, having pronunciation difficulties, etc. Over time, the difficulties Europeans had in learning correct English led to a strange pidgin. Grammar became much more analytical and isolating than modern English, with a predefined word order, vocabulary was reduced, morphemes were reanalyzed, many meanings disappeared, pronunciation changed through elimination of phonotactics and allophones, clitics and contractions were restored as free and complete forms, etc.

By the year 2100, "General European" English had become sufficiently different from British and American English to generate its own regulatory academies, the "Brussels English Academy" published its first edition of a dictionary and grammar guide distinct from other English dialects. The second edition was called the "Brussels Euro Dictionary" due to disagreements with other English regulatory academies who considered that European English was not true English and that it tainted the purity of native English. Since then, officially from the second edition onwards, Euro began to be considered a different language even though it was quite intelligible with English.

PD: This page will describe the Euro in its entirety, published in the "Brussels Euro Dictionary" in 2100, which will look simple, incorrect, and funny to a native English speaker, but keep in mind that it is a Europeanizing pidgin and that is the intention, in any case I will try to be as realistic as possible about how it could develop in a real way in 100 years.

Phonology
This section describes the phonology, the notation used, and the sound changes from Modern English to Euro. See: consonants, vowels and diphthongs, for more details on the sound changes of individual phonemes and notation used for transcribe Euro.

Consonants
The pronunciation in Euro is shown in brackets, while the official notation is still the one used by the Received Pronunciation.

Loss of /ŋ/: ŋ > ng; ŋk > nk; ŋg > ng.

Restoration of the implosive /-r/. Euro is a rhotic accent.

Vowels
The pronunciation in Euro is shown in brackets, while the official notation is still the one used by the Received Pronunciation.

The stress is marked behind the stressed vowel with /V_/

General tendency to restore vowels where /ə/ and /ɜː/ are pronounced

The innovative vowel [ɨ] is used in Euro in some loanwords from european languages, can be seen in square brackets.

Diphthongs
The diphthongs use the Euro notation, while the original notation in the Received Pronunciation is shown in parentheses.

The only innovative diphthong [eʊ] in Euro, used in some loans from european languages, can be seen in square brackets.

Dialects
There are some local differences, due to the large number of languages in the European Union and how the characteristics of those languages influenced European English, but overall it is a unified language with few differences.

Writing system
The writing system was inherited from British English spelling in its entirety and was retained until 2100. By inherited standards it does not accept diacritical marks, and in general, pronunciation is not predictable directly from the script. As in modern English, there are 26 letters in Euro: Many words were spelled differently, as they were interpreted as compounds, so technically Euro uses its own spelling.

Grammatical categories: Introduction
to understand the development of the Euro language, it is essential to know how it shaped its vocabulary, as Euro has adopted many words from different European languages, especially from Ancient Greek and Latin, as well as from German and French. Its grammar is separated into closed and open classes. Closed classes do not usually accept loans, while open classes do.

Closed classes

 * Pronouns
 * Determiners
 * Articles
 * Quantifiers
 * Demonstratives
 * Possessives
 * Prepositions
 * Conjunctions
 * Numbers
 * Particles
 * Closed verbs
 * Auxiliary verbs
 * Phrasal verbs

Open classes

 * Verbs
 * Nouns
 * Adjectives
 * Adverbs
 * Interjections

PD: in order to standardise Euro, a selection of terms for closed classes was made, and only terms whose origin could be traced back to Proto-Germanic [xgm], Latin [lat] or Ancient Greek [grc] were allowed.

Determiners
They largely function as nominal classifiers

Quantifiers
double /dʌ_bəl/

Prepositions
In the early stages of Euro, English prepositions, postpositions, circumpositions were reanalysed and separated of verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs, as adpositions. They later collapsed into a system of free prepositions, and dependent particles.

English prepositions published in first edition of BED
Here is the first list of prepositions published in the "Brussels English Dictionary" (BED I), in the first edition, before Euro was considered an independent language of English. This list was subsequently rejected and a new list was created, simplifying these prepositions and adding some new ones

Euro prepositions published in second edition of BED
The new list of prepositions was published in the "Brussels Euro Dictionary" (BED II), and is officially the one used by official bodies and people.

Number prefix
These prefixes can be joined to the sufix -illion /-ɪ_ljən/, back formation of million, that denotes: million (1,000,000), billion (1,000,000,000), trillion (1,000,000,000,000), quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000,000), etc.

Ordinal
Note that in Euro, -th is regularly added to all numbers to form the cardinal numbers, hence 8th is written as eightth, and 9th as nineth, also exist 0th as zeroth.

Particles
Particles represent a very important part of Euro, usually descended from English particles, or alternatively from Latin or Ancient Greek.

Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs are a closed class.

Verb "to be"
The verb be is an auxiliary verb

Verb "to do"
The verb do is an auxiliary verb

Verb "to have"
The verb have is an auxiliary verb

Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are particle dependent verbs and they are a closed class. They are directly descended from English, and in Euro some new ones have been developed.

Lexicon: Open classes
See the complete vocabulary here: Euro/Vocabulary

Example text
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