Ükäntel

Ükäntel is a head-final nom-acc agglutinative language with front-back vowel harmony.

Consonants

 * /t l/ are truly dental [t̪ l̪] but usually transcribed without the distinguishing bar
 * Affricates are usually transcribed without a tie bar

Allophony

 * /h/ appears as [x] following a back vowel, [ç] after a front vowel (and likewise /h:/ as [x:] or [ç:]) and only appears as [h] pre-vocalically.
 * If /h/ is preceded by a different fricative, /h/ will assimilate and lengthen the preceding fricative, i.e. /sh/ is realized as [s:]. This does not happen following an affricate.
 * Short /r/ is tapped while /r:/ is trilled.
 * Plain alveolar consonants will assimilate to their "palatal counterparts' regardless of sequence and result in a lengthened segment
 * /nj t͡sj sj rj/ become [ɲ t͡ʃ ʃ d͡ʒ]. /j/ is elided after existing /ɲ t͡ʃ ʃ d͡ʒ/.
 * /ʃd͡ʒ d͡ʒʃ/ are realized as [ʒd͡ʒ d͡ʒ:] respectively.

Allophony

 * /i y u/ are realized as [ɪ ʏ ʊ] before sonorant consonants and before /j w/.
 * Long vowels and diphthongs can appear across syllable boundaries.

Phonotactics
Ükäntel syllables minimally consist of only a vowel and maximally are CVC. The syllable can thus be transcribed as (C)V(C). Any consonant can appear as the onset or coda, and any single vowel can act as a syllable nucleus. /ø o/ do not appear word-finally, having become /e ɤ/ in that environment, and suffixes containing the archiphoneme /O/ and no coda consonant thus may possibly have four variants due to a historical sound change.

Stress
Stress is non-phonemic and falls on the first syllable of a word. Stressed vowels are pronounced significantly longer than unstressed vowels. Vowels are not reduced when unstressed.

Orthography
Ükäntel orthography is largely phonemic and even represents certain allophonic processes in the written language. The sounds are written as in IPA unless listed in the table below.
 * <ńć ńŕ ńś gk> are spelled .
 * When /h/ assimilates to a fricative preceding it, the allophony is indicated in the orthography, i.e.  will be written as  depending on the fricative it follows.
 * /j w/ are written as at the beginning of a word and between two vowels and as after a vowel or in between a consonant and vowel.
 * Geminate /j w/ are spelled . Clusters /jw wj/ are spelled respectively.
 * Alveolar-palatal assimilation is indicated orthographically. The sequences become <ń ś ć ŕ>. (phonetic /j/ and not /i/) are omitted following <ń ć ś ŕ>. However, <śŕ ŕś> remain unchanged.

Morphophonology
Morphophonological processes are rampant in Ükäntel with vowel harmony, assimilatory rules (which are detailed in the phonology section above), as well as partial vowel reduplication which is productive with certain suffixes.

Vowel Harmony
Vowels in Ükäntel pattern in front-back pairs with /i/ patterning neutrally. /y e ø æ/ alternate with /u ɤ o ɑ/ respectively, with archiphonemes being transcribed as /U E O A/. Vowels do not harmonize according to roundedness and thus all grammatical suffixes have two variants, unless the sole vowel is /i/ where one variant exists, or unless the suffix is an open syllable and contains the archiphoneme /O/ where four variants exist as per /ø o/ having become /e ɤ/ word-finally.

Reduplication
Many grammatical suffixes in Ükäntel use a reduplicated vowel from the preceding syllable as its own syllable nucleus. This is transcribed in grammars using a capital V in place of the vowel. A few verbal suffixes, personal suffixes on verbs, posessive suffixes on nouns, the comparative and superlative morphemes on adjectives, as well as various derivational morphemes all utilize this process. /ø o/ do become /e ɤ/ word-finally in this instance.