Îçlo

Information
Îçlo is a member of the Romance language family, spoken primarily in modern day Turkey. The language is notable for its high level of influence from Arabic.

Accented Letters
Accented vowels are not considered to be seperate letters of the alphabet

Letter Combinations
Stressed vowels are long [ː], except in the vast majority of single syllable words

Ss is elongated [ː] after a stressed vowel, which becomes short

When two consonants that are/would be pronounced the same occur next to each other, only one is pronounced

When two of the same vowel (must have same accents) occur next to each other, only one is pronounced

Articles
Articles agree with the gender and number of the noun that follows them. All nouns are presumed to be indefinite unless preceded by a definite article. Articles do not agree with case.

Al is pronounced [äɫ̪]  before Dd/Ḑḑ/Ll/Łł/Nn/Rr/Ss/Şş/Tt/Ţţ/Zz

Prepositional Articles
Prepositional articles are contractions of certain prepositions with the article proceeding them. The prepositions which can contract and their contractions are shown below

Dualizing and Pluralizing
Most nouns can be dualized or pluralized. All regular nouns follow the same pattern of dualizing and pluralizing. Accents that affect only stress are removed when making the dual and plural forms. As pronunciation is meant to left intact, forms with stems ending in c/g/gl may have Hh or Ii added or removed in certain forms to continue pronunciation. Recent borrowings from other languages recieve the same dual and plural forms as the ones present in the borrowed language

Group 1: Masculine and ending with a consonant Group 2: Masculine and ending with -o/-u/-e Group 3: Masculine and ending with -a/-i Group 4: Feminine and ending with a consonant Group 5: Feminine and ending with -e Group 6 : Feminine and ending with -a/-i/-o/-u

Cases
There are 3 cases in Îçlo: nominative, objective, and genitive. The nominative object defines the subject of a sentence, and is also used for the indirect objects of a noun after any preposition besides a. The nominative is also used in the verbs where the "object" matches the subject and also as the direct object in a small amount of verbs. These 2 kinds of verbs are called "nominative verbs". The objective is used for the direct object in most verbs as well as the indirect object after the preposition a. The genitive is used after all uses of the prepostion de except when acting as a partitive article. The case endings are applied after the dualizing/pluralizing. As with dualizing and pluralizing, pronunciation is meant to left intact so forms with stems ending in c/g/gl may have Hh or Ii added or removed in certain forms to continue pronunciation, however, unlike them accent marks are kept. No noun is irregular only in case. Proper nouns (all capitalized nouns) do not have different forms depending on the case. Recent borrowings from other languages are not declined.

Group 1: Masculine with a form ending with -an Group 2: Masculine with a form ending with -nini Group 3: Masculine and ending in a consonant without a form ending with -an/-nini Group 4: Masculine and ending with   -o/-u/-e Group 5: Masculine and ending with -a/-i Group 6: Feminine and ending with a consonant Group 7: Feminine and ending with -e Group 8: Feminine and ending with -a/-i/-o/-u

Irregular Nouns
List of Irregular Nouns

Compound Nouns
Compound nouns consist of two words (with one of them usually being a noun) combining together to form a new, unique noun. There are 3 different kinds of compound nouns: those where the 2 words attach to one another, those where the 2 words are separated by a hyphen, and those where the 2 words are separated by a preposition. Each kind of compound noun has its own unique rules for dualizing/pluralizing and cases. Adverbs and verbs never change due to dualization/pluralization or case in compound nouns. Adjectives change for dualizing/pluralization but not for case. Adjectives agree in gender with the noun they are compounded with. All compound nouns are masculine unless it is a compound of two nouns not separated by a preposition and the second noun is feminine or if it is a compound of two nouns separated by a preposition and the first noun is feminine. Irregular nouns are dualized/pluralized and declined the same as they normally would be when they occur in compound nouns in situations where that would occur. If the final half of the compound noun is a proper noun, the noun is indeclinable and has no dual/plural forms. However, if the first half is a proper noun and the second half isn't, the noun can still be declined and dualyzed/pluralized. Below are examples for each kind of compound noun with the examples only using words that are combinations of 2 nouns.

Group 1: Not separated The two nouns are treated as one with the plural and case endings only being added to the latter.

Group 2: Separated by hyphen The two nouns are treated as separate with regards to dualizing/pluralizing, but when declined only the second one receives the endings. Both words follow their original stress patterns. When the first noun is capitalized, the second is too.

Group 3: Separated by preposition The two nouns are treated as separate with the first noun acting as normal and with the second noun never changing for dualizing/pluralizing and always remaining in the case that its preposition brings on (the genitive in this example). As this example demonstrates, the second noun can be in the plural when used in the singular form for the compound noun. This will never occur in the 2 other kinds of compound nouns.

Nominative Verbs
The following verbs take the nominative. Although some do not truly have an object, others do.

• Essere- To be

• Evere- To have

• Ponere- To be considered (as/to be)

• Sentire- To feel/smell (only when meaning to feel)

Irregular Adjectives
List of Irregular Adjectives

Subject Pronouns
The third person♀ is only used for nouns that consist entirely of objects of feminine gender. The third person plural pronouns are also used as the formal equivalents of Tu. They still conjugate according to third person plural in these situations.

Verbs
As a Romance language, Îçlo conjugates verbs to a number of tenses and moods. There are three verb endings: -are, -ere, and -ire. Below are the conjugation patterns for regular verbs.

Present
-are -ere -ire

Preterite
-are -ere -ire

Imperfect
-are -ere -ire

Future
-are Verbs with a stem ending in Ii/Ll/Łł/Rr/Uu/Ww add an Ăă before the endings

-ere Verbs with a stem ending in Ii/Ll/Łł/Rr/Uu/Ww add an Ĕĕ before the endings

-ire Verbs with a stem ending in Ii/Ll/Łł/Rr/Uu/Ww add an Ĕĕ before the endings

Conditional
-are Verbs with a stem ending in Ii/Ll/Łł/Rr/Uu/Ww add an Ăă before the endings  -ere Verbs with a stem ending in Ii/Ll/Łł/Rr/Uu/Ww add an Ĕĕ before the endings

 -ire Verbs with a stem ending in Ii/Ll/Łł/Rr/Uu/Ww add an Ĕĕ before the endings

Imperative
-are * Becomes Para when negated

-ere
 * Becomes R ĕpete when negated

 -ire
 * Becomes Defin ĭ when negated

Subjunctive
-are -ere -ire

Compound Tenses
Certain tenses combine a conjugated auxiliary verb, with a past participle. These tenses are called compound tenses. Most verbs use Evere (To have) but a small number use Essere (To be). Some verbs use Essere in certain situations but not in others. All reflexive verbs use it too. Verbs that use Essere must agree have their past participle agree in gender. In addition to past participles, there are present participles. Present participles are equivalent to the English –ing and have 3 functions: to modify a noun, to describe an action related to and simultaneous with a main verb (a gerund), and to explain why or how something happens (usually translated with by). The first use simply uses the present participle, while the other two are preceded by the preposition, a. They cannot be used to form progressive tenses like in English but they can function as adjectives.

Vocabulary
The Periodic Table

Animals

Plants &amp; Fungi

Countries, Languages, &amp; Nationalities

Phrases

Dialectical Differences
There are 2 dialects in Îçlo: an eastern and a western. The western dialect is considered to be the standard of the language but the eastern forms are accepted too. The main differences between the 2 dialects are shown below.

Vocabulary
Periodic Table

Animals

Plants &amp; Fungi

Countries, Languages, &amp; Nationalities

Phrases

The Lord's Prayer (Al Noş Patre)-
Noş Patre chi è ĭn la Janna,

Tù nôme sia consacreo.

Tù regno venga.

Tua volontà sia facto,

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Sulla Tèrra còme ĭn la Janna.

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Dà neo â noş paion quotidiano.

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">E perdonàna noşi debitin,

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Còme noi perdoniam noşi debitorin.

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">E non na guida ĭn tentaţion,

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Mai liberàna dèl małin,

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Perché al tù è al regno, al potere e la gloria.

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Persempre.

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial;font-size:15px;white-space:pre-wrap;line-height:22px;">Amén.