Ged¨hi/Dictionary

This small Ged¨hi dictionary contains now about 250 words. It contains nearly all PSem. roots mentioned by John Huehnergard in Proto-Semitic Language and Culture. (This page, as well as all links to Semitic and Indo-Evropean roots at bartleby.com, is no more available.) 411 of Proto-Semitic roots were able to be found in Semitic Roots Index of The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language.

¨
Logographic reading: ¨lp "ox, bull". Numeric value: 1.

Hebr. א named ?>a:lef; Arab. ء أ إ ؤ ئ named hamza (alif became the name of the carrier); transcribed as ' or ’ or ? or 3; Greeks reused this glyph as Α under the name alpha for the vowel [a].

¨ebeb "sire"

¨ebebu "paternity" (OBab. abbu:tum)

¨ebu "father" (√?b S0; PSem. ?ab-; OBab. abum; Hebr. ?a:v; Arab. ?ab)

¨ebnu "stone" (OBab. abnum; Hebr. ?>even)

¨eger "hire" (ja¨ger "he hired"; Arab. ?agara)

¨egeru "hiring, employment" (OBab. aga:rum a/u)

¨egru "who hires, employer" (OBab. a:girum)

nu¨egru pas. "hired, employee" (OBab. agrum)

¨ednu "master" (Hebr. ?a:ðUo:n)

¨edru "poplar" (OBab. adarum)

¨edrimu "February, *Dodecember" (OBab. addarum)

¨eðnu "ear" (√?ðn S5; OBab. uznum; Hebr. ?>o:zen)

¨ewlu "freeman" (OBab. awi:lum)

¨eªhdu "one" (Hebr. ?eªhað)

¨eju "what, which" (OBab. ajjum)

¨eji "where" (OBab. ajjiki:?am; Hebr. ?ajje:H)

¨ejo "to where" (OBab. ajjiš(am), aji:š)

¨ejbu "enemy" (OBab. ajja:bum; Hebr. ?u:je:v)

¨ejru "bloom" (OBab. ajjarum);

¨ejrimu "April, 2nd month" (OBab. ajjarum);

¨ekel "eat"(ja¨kel "he ate"; Hebr. ?a:kal; Arab. ?akala)

¨ekelu "eating"(OBab. aka:lum a/u)

nu¨eklu "food"(OBab. akalum, aklum "bread, food")

¨exexu "fraternity, brothehood" (OBab. axxu:tum)

¨exu "brother" (√?ðn S7; PSem. ?ax-; OBab. axum; Hebr. ?a:ªh; Arab. ?ax)

¨exatu "sister" (PSem. ?axa:t-; OBab. axa:tum; Hebr. ?a:ªhUo:t)

¨exeð "seize, take, acquire" (ja¨xeð "he seized"; Hebr. ?a:ªhaz; Arab. ?axaða)

¨exeðu "taking" (OBab. axa:zum)

na¨exeðu recipr. "marriage"

¨exðu "who takes" (OBab. a:xizum)

nu¨exðu pas. "taken" (OBab. axzum)

¨exer "fall behind" (ja¨xer he fell behind; Arab. ?xr)

¨exeru "having fallen behind" (OBab. axa:rum u/u)

¨exru "rear, late" (OBab. axre:m; Arab. ?xr)

¨elu "god" (PSem. ?il-; Hebr. ?e:l)

¨el¨hu "God" (Hebr. ?/elo:hiJm)

¨elemnatu "widow" (PSem. *almanat)

¨elpu "ox" (√?ðn S10; OBab. alpum "bull, ox"; Hebr. ?>a:lef)

¨elpu "thousand" (Hebr. ?>elef)

¨emu "mother" (PSem. ?imm-; Hebr. ?e:m)

¨emer "command" (ja¨mer "he commanded"; Hebr. ?a:mar "he sayd")

¨emeru "command"

¨emru "commander" (Hebr. ?e:m)

¨en "so, yes" adv., part. (OBab. anna)

¨enu "this" pron. (OBab. annu::m)

¨enju "I" (OBab. ana:ku; Hebr. ?/aniJ, a:no:kiJ)

¨entu "thou" (OBab. atta:, f. atti:; Hebr. ?ata:H)

¨entanu "ye" (OBab. attunu:, f. attina)

¨cr "captive" (OBAb. asi:rum; Arab. ?sr)

¨erer "curse, damn" ("he will curse" ja¨erer; Hebr. ja:?o:r)

¨ereru "curse" (OBab. ara:rum a/u, arratum)

¨erç'u "earth" (Hebr. ?>ereç; Arab. ?rd¸)

¨esdu "lion"

b
Logographic reading: bjt "house". Numeric value: 2.

bi prep. "in"

be¨lu "huge"

bebu "gate"

bejtu "house" (PSem. bajt-)

bejç'u "white"

benu "son"

benatu "daughter" (PSem. bint-)

benej "build"

beºhlu "lord" (PSem. ba¿l-)

beºhlatu "lady"

berdu "cold"

g
Logographic reading: gml "goad". Numeric value: 3.

geblu "mountain"

gedu "grandfather"

gedlu "heavy"

geðru "root" (Arab. gaðr pl. guðu|r)

geªhmu "hell"

gemlu "camel" (Hebr. ga:ma:l)

d
Logographic reading: dl "door". Numeric value: 4.

dejen "judge"

delu "door"

demqu "good"

denu "mighty"

deres "study"

ð
ðu "this"

ðebªeh "sacrifice"

ðenbu "tail" (Arab. d_anab-)

ðenbu-¨esdi "Deneb"

¨h
Logographic reading: ¨h¨ " ". Numeric value: 5.

¨hu "The"

¨heger "depart"

¨hewej "be" (jahwej "he was"; Hebr. ha:ja:H)

¨heklu "palace" (< Sum. É.GAL; OBab. ekallum; Hebr. heJxa:l "temple, palace")

¨heru "mountain" (Hebr. har)

¨hero term. "to a mountain" (Hebr. h>era:H)

w
Logographic reading: ww " ". Numeric value: 6.

wi conj. "and"

webel "bring"

webelu "bringing" (OBab. waba:lum a/i)

webnu "finger"

weded "love"

wejnu "wine" (Hebr. j>ajin)

weled "give birth"

weledu "giving birth" (OBab. wala:dum)

weldu "parent" (OBab. wa:lidum)

wöldu "born, child, boy" (OBab. waldum, wildum; Hebr. j>eleð)

wöldatu "girl" (Hebr. jalda:H)

welek "go"

werdu "slave"

werew "guide"

werxu "moon, month" (√wrx S390; PSem. *warx-)

werxuþemenu "October" (Hebr h.ešwa:n < marh.ešwa:n < fAkk. waraxsamnu)

werqu "green"

weseb "sit"

z
Logographic reading: zjn  " ". Numeric value: 7.

zebu "fly"

zejti "oil"

zeker "remember"

zemeru "music" (√zmr S408)

zenenu "rain"

ªh
Logographic reading: ªht " ". Numeric value: 8.

ªheklu "field" (PSem. h.akl-)

ªhekmu "wise"

ªhelu "pure"

ªhemu "husband’s father" (PSem. h.am-)

ªhemdu "praise"

muªhemdu "praised"

ªhemru "red"

ªhenu "gracious"

ªhermu "ban, prohibite, forbid"

ªhesnu "handsome"

ªheþteratu see ºheþteratu "Venus" (PIE. H2ster "star")

t¸
Logographic reading: t¸t  " ". Numeric value: 9.

t¸ewbu "good"

t¸ewlu "long"

þ¸
(Arabic z.)

j
Logographic reading: jd "arm". Numeric value: 10.

jedu "arm" (PSem. jad-)

jewmu "day"

jewnu "dove"

k
Logographic reading: kp "hand". Numeric value: 20.

ki prep. "like"

kebru "great" (Arab. kabi:r)

ke¨hnu "priest"

kewen "be"

kejpu " " (Arab. ke:f)

kekbu "star"

keku "weapon"

kelu "whole"

kellatu "daughter-in-law" (PSem. *kallat)

kelbu "dog"

kelbatu "bitch"

kecpu "silver"

kepu "hand"

keteb "write"

x
xeç'ru "green"

xemsu "five"

l
Logographic reading: lmd " ". Numeric value: 30.

lo prep. "to"

li prep. "at"

le¨ "no"

le¨u "bovine" (PSem. li'-)

le¨atu "cow" (PSem. li'at-)

leªhru "ewe" (PSem. *laªhir-)

m
Logographic reading: m¨ "water". Numeric value: 40.

me¨u "water"

mewet "die"

mewetu "death"

melek "rule"

melku "ruler" (PSem. malk-)

meno prep. "from"

meno-ºhel adv. "from above" (Hebr. mil¿e:Jl)

meçru "Egypt"

meseªh "anoint"

n
Logographic reading: nwn " ". Numeric value: 50.

negru "herald"

nedru "rare" (Arab. na:dir-)

neºhru "riwer"

nepes "breathe"

nepesu "breath, breathing, soul"

nepsu "animal"

neten "give"

c
Logographic reading: smk "fish". Numeric value: 60.

ºh
Logographic reading: °hjn "eye". Numeric value: 70.

Transcribed as ‘ or ¿

ºhebdu "servant" (√¿bd S22)

ºhejnu "eye" (PSem. ¿ajn-)

ºheli prep., adv. "above"

ºhemu "uncle" (PSem. ¿amm-)

ºherbu "Arab"

ºhes'ru "ten"

ºheþteratu (or ªheþteratu ) "Venus" (PIE. H2ster "star")

p
Logographic reading: p¨ "mouth". Numeric value: 80.

pe¨ "mouth" (PSem. pi-|pa-)

pegru "body"

pe¨hem "understand"

pewqi "over"

f
fu "he"

fatu "she"

fotu "it"

fû < fuwu "they"

ç
Logographic reading: ¨çd " ". Numeric value: 90.

çelmu "statue" (PSem. s.alm-)

çepru "yellow"

ç'
(Arabic d¸)

ç'e¨hbu "gold"

q
Logographic reading: qp " ". Numeric value: 100. Season: spring.

qedsu "holy"

qet¸el "kill"

qelu "light"

qerbu "near"

qernu "horn"

r
Logographic reading: r¨s "head". Numeric value: 200. Season: summer.

re¨su "head"

rebºhu "four"

reglu "leg"

reºh adv. "bellow" (Hebr. ra¿)

repesu "width"

repsu "wide"

s
Logographic reading: sjn "tooth". Numeric value: 300. Season: autumn.

su "the"

se¨wu "empty"

se¨ewatu "emptiness"

sebºhu "four"

sedsu "six"

sejnu "tooth" (4 minutes)

selem "be healthy"

selemu "health"

selmu "healthy"

sem¨u "heaven"

semer "keep"

senu "year" (Hebr. ša:na:H)

s'
(Arab. š)

s'edatu "doubling" (Arab. šaddat-)

s'emlu "left"

s'emsu "sun"

s'eqru "blond"

s'eru "prince" (PSem. s'arre-)

s'eratu "princess"

t
Logographic reading: tw "mark". Numeric value: 400. Season: winter.

tewu "mark"

teªhti prep. "under"

tergem "translate" (Arab. targama "he translated")

tesºhu "nine"

þ
þewru "bull" (PIE. tawr-o-z; Hebr. šUo:r; Arab. t_awr)

þemnu "eight"

þenu "two"

þelþu "three"