Galeiga

Proto Gallaic: Galeca tangua sena inda Galecia eni Toute-uφos Ibereaca esi, auuotita inte nouion to dumnon nouion indos cantaiestos uiconti oinos.

Old Gallaic: Galeca tangua sena inda Galecia eni Tode-ufo Ibereaca esi, auodita inde nouion to duunon nouion indos cantaistos ficonti oinos.

Middle Gallaic: Galega tanga /ʃ/sena ina /x/Galegia ene /d/Toðe-fo Iberega ese, auðeda in /ñ/noiu do ðuunu noiu inu gandaisu figond oin.

Neo-Gallaic: Gálega tanga xena ína Haleia en Dózefó Ibérega es, auzda ín ñóu dó zúnu nóu ín gandais fígon óen.

"Neo-Gallaic is the old language of Gallaecia in Northwestern Iberia, made anew for the new world of the twenty-first century".  Gálega is the revived form of the Celtic language of Northwestern Iberia. The vocabulary of Gálega is solely Celtic with Ibero-Basque loans and a few exceptions for Latin, Gothic and Arabic via the Ibero-Romance languages. Many Celtic words survive to this day in Galician and Portuguese, which have been incorporated into the language. There are also loans from Gaulish, Brythonic (Galicia was colonized by Britons during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain) or directly from primitive Irish/Gaelic words that can be traced back to proto Celtic. "Doza éisgon tanga doza éisgon anma es"; "a people without a language is a people without a soul". Gálega is that old soul of Gallaecia.

Neo-Gallaic on Facebook:

https://www.facebook.com/neogallaic/



-Name-
Gálega: Gála+ega

(Gallaeci) Galla (Calla, C could also be G in Latin) from proto-Celtic "Gala-" (power, strength, force) plus "-ico"/"-eco", an Iberian Celtic suffix used to indicate possession or belonging. So, Gallaeci, Galla-eci (plural), Galla-ecos/eca (singular). Their name could mean something like, "Strong people" or "People of power". -Phonology-

all vowels (a,e,i,o,u) are pronounced much the same as they would be in Portuguese, stressed vowels (á,é,í,ó,ú) are enlongated and take the word stress

s - /s/ but /z/ when preceding "e" and "i", and /ʃ/ or /ʒ/ before a consonant and at the end of a word

ll - /lj/ (pronounced like the Portuguese "lh")

c - /k/

g - /g/

x - /ʃ/

h - /x/

z – /ð/

in(vowel) - "iñ_" (Ína is pronounced "Íña", Camínu is "Camíñu" )

en(vowel) - "eñ_" (Éne is pronounced "Éñe", Bena is "Beña" )

-Lenition-
Lenition in Gallaic is purely hypothetical and has been applied here in the same way it has been in the modernized from of Gaulish, there being some evidence for it in the continental Celtic tongues. Lenition occurs after the article with feminine nouns and adjectives describing them, after certain prepositions and also after possessive pronouns. Certain letters undergo lenition in compound words, these letters are C, G, S, N, L.

s>x

b>m

c>g

g>h

d>z

t>d

d>z

l>ll

m>v

n>ñ

Senmazra - grandmother > Má xenmazra - my grandmother

Cran - Tree > Ína gran - The tree

Ína mena vaza - The good woman (bena, maza)

Compound Lenition

Amalgurma - Amal + Curma (Cider)

-Interrogatives-
  Có? – Where

Cad? – What?

Can? – When?

Cé? – Who?

Cad camín? – How? (What path/way)

Cede – How many?

Cadó? – Why? (what for)

Cad Fáz? – Why? (what reason)

Cad óar es? – What time?

-Pronouns-
I: Mi

You: Tu

He: E

She: Si

It: Íz

Y’all: Sus

We: Sni

They: Sis

My: Mou/Ma

Your: Tou/Ta

Y’all’s: Sou/Sua

Our: Nou/Nua

Their: Síu/Síua

-Articles-

The: Ín – Ína

This: Sú

That: Sin

These: Soi

Those: Sindu

Here: Ansú

There: Ansin

-Prepositions-
Again: Adé

Out/from: éis

Over/above(great): Or (uor)

Top: Barra

Bottom/bum: Bunda

* superlative*: -om

* diminutive*: -el/ela

* augmentative*: -ún/úna

Between: Endra (entara)

Up: Os (Osom highest)

In: En

Around: Om

At/towards: Az

To/For: Dó

With: Gon

If: Ma

Beyond (But): Édra

Also: Agu (c.i. Auku)

Too (also): Coadáda:

Under: Fú (c.i. upho)

Before: Gina

After: Er (eɸiro-)

Next: Segáda

As: Sese (p.c. sweswe)

More: Barráda

Less: Bundáda'' ''

-Am- (Time)
Second: Segundu

Minute: Minutu

Hour: Óar - Óaran

Week:  Sézanóuz- Sézanóuza

Month: Mínsa – Mínsnan

Year: Blen – Bledna

Day: Diu – Diun

Today: Endiu

Tomorrow: Amárea (o.g. A-bárega)

Tonight: Enóuz

Yesterday: Dís

Now: Nu

Morning: Bárea - Báreaí

Night: Nóuz – Nóuza

Evening: Adage - Adaga

Midnight: Mezanóuz

Lé ín saul: Sunset

Éne ín saul: Sunrise

 

-Ríman- (Numbers)
1: óen

2: doa

3: trís

4: cedru

5: coing

6: sés

7: séza

8: óuz

9: nava

10: dega

11: óendega

12: dóadega

13: trísdega

14: cedrudega

15: coingdega

16: sésdega

17: sézadega

18: óuzdega

19: navadega

20: fígon

30: fígon dega

40: doafígon

50: doafígon dega

60: trífígon

70: trífígon dega

80: cedrufígon

90: cedrufígon dega

100: ganda

1,000: míl

1,000,000: millún

-Grammar-
The sentence struture of Gálega is SOV, except in questions or negations, in which case it changes to VSO

'''-Questions-   ''' Questions are asked by beginning the question with the interrogative particle “a”. The sentence structure remains SOV

Cadó a ínsú staí(tu)? (Why are you here?)

Cede blen a ádu stá? (How old are you?) *How many year(s) do you have?*

''There is no word for “yes”. Instead, the verb is repeated back in affirmation. “Ní” is “no/not”.''

“A ezemuiai az gurmadéu amárea?” (Will we eat at the pub tomorrow?)

“Ezemuiai”/”Ní ezemuiai” (We will *eat*/We won't *eat*)

'''

 -Negations-'''

“Ní” precedes verbs to make negations. The normal SOV changes to VSO.

Ní stá ámi curma. (I don’t have beer)

-Simple Past-

The simple past is indicated with the preverbial marker "ru-".

Cogumi = I cook

Rucogumi = I cooked

Dís ruezumi cíga durgu ega ruívumi amalgurma = Yesterday I ate boar meat and I drank cider

ru+ezu+mi (I ate) and ru+ívu+mi (I drank)

-Future-

The future tense is indicated with the suffix "-iai".

Lavrumi = I speak

Lavruiaimi = I will speak

Amárea téduiaimi az gurmadéu = Tomorrow I will go to the tavern

-Possession-

The noun being possessed precedes the possessor, if the possessor is a human or animal, "-s" attached as a suffix. If the possessor is an object or place, "-ega" is used.

Ín gatu mou garands fín es - My friend’s cat is white *Male friend* (carand+s)

Ína gamixa ma vazras nóa es – My mother’s shirt is new (mazra+s)

Sú amal ma xesras es – This is my sister’s apple (sesra+s)

Ína zura téuega - The door of the house (téu+ega)

-Phrases-

Hello: Slán ádu! *health to you* (to one person)

Hello: Slán ásus (more than one person)

Hello: Olá

Hey: Oi

Goodbye: Saz ádu/ásus *peace to you*

Bárea vaza – Good morning

Diu maz – Good day

Adag vaza – Good evening

Nóuz vaza – Good night

Please: Ma maz gotu/gosus stá (If it's good with you)

Thanks: Sin maz bá (this was good)

Thanks (a lot): Sin maz dómi bá (this was good for me)

Thank you: Sin maz ádu bá (this was good at you, *this was kind of you*)

You're welcome: Nígoade es (it’s nothing)

Sorry: Dor ámi stá (there is pain at me)

Gálegu/a esumi - I am Gallaic

Éis Haleia esumi - I am from Gallaecia

Gálega Lávrumi – I speak Gallaic

Ní lavru(mi) Gálega - I don't speak Gallaic

Gálega biu stá – Gallaic is alive

Az lavru stáu(mi) – I am speaking

A staí az lavraí(tu)? – Are you speaking?

M'anme...es – My name is...

Drúz esumi, ma gamín Druzáda es – I am a druid, my path is Druidry

Gara ámi dótu stá) – I love you

Tu garu(mi) - I love you

Examples
"Ul duña riu ega couínon gon zíñas ega déisúa énen. Ásis mendáda ega cofiz dadu es ega dó’n maz dó óen az alu en anma brazreádaga ñemen".

''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''

"Súer éis doza ria esumi" - Dúnurí

"I am a free man from a free people" - Dumnorix

Ín ulzúnu mou zeu es, ombíod mou gredíma es, Díara mou ñemezún es.

The universe is my god, nature is my faith, the Earth is my temple.

"Cazufér ega selgabén á gurmadéu rucáminan. Az llan curma ruzéun ega cíga vaza ruezen".

''A warrior and a huntress walked to a pub. They drank a lot of beer and ate good meat.''

Verb conjugations: Present, Past, Future, Conditional
-Gara- Love (present)

Garumi - I love

Garaítu – You love

Garaidesus – Y’all love

Garamusni – We love

Garáe – He loves

Garási – She loves

Garansis – They love

(Past)

Rugarumi - I loved

Rugaraítu

Rugaraidesus

Rugaramusni

Rugaráe

Rugarási

Rugaransis

(Future)

Garuiaimi - I will love

Garaíaitu

Garaideiaisus

Garamuiaisni

Garáiaie

Garáiaisi

Garaniaisis

(Conditional)

Rugaruiaimi - I would love

Rugaraíaitu

Rugaraideiaisus

Rugaramuiaisni

Rugaráiaie

Rugaráiaisi

Rugaransís

All personal pronoun suffixes are optional, or are used for emphatic effect. Instead of saying, "Curma garumi", you can simply say, "Curma garu".

Verb to be "Bíz" (impermanent) - "Senu stáu" (I'm old)

Stáu - I am

Staí – You are

Stáide – Y’all are

Stámu – We are

Stáe – He is

Stási – She is

Stán – They are

Verb to be (permament) - "Feru esu" (I'm a man)

Esu - I am

Esí - You are

Eside - Y'all are

Esmu - We are

Ese - He is

Essi - She is

Esan - They are

Bia ega Íva (Food and Drink)
To Drink (alcohol): Zéu (p.c. Degu-)

To Drink: Íve

To Eat: Eze (ede)

To Make: Auz (p.c. auot-)

To Cook – Coge

Apple: Amal

Water: Zuvra (p.c. dubro-)

Cider: Amalgurma (p.c. abalocurmi, "apple beer")

Cider: Sídra

Mead: Méaz (Medu-)

Beer: Curma

Ale: Alu

Lager (light beer): Gerfexa (Gl. via Lt. "Cervesia")

Wine: Fínu

Liquor: Tinzuvra (Firewater)

Honey: Meli

Berry: Cara

Grape: Fínugara (Wineberry)

Meat: Cíga

Seed: Silu (c.i. *silon "seed"

Bread: Aran

Wheat: Fíñez

Milk: Láz (p.c. laxto-)

Cheese: Ces (pt. queijo/sp. queso)

Soup: Cousala/Sopa

Herb: Lú (p.c. *lubjo-)

Pepper: Pivra/Tinlú (Fire herb)

Salt: Sala

Spice: Spexaría (pt. Especiaria)

Coffee: Café

-Basic Verbs-
…éismi stá – I want… ("...is away from me")

…ámi stá – I have… ( "...is at me") *used for general possession

…gomi stá – I have… (“…is with me) *used for close or personal possession

Go - Téd

Come - Téid

Walk - Came

Step - Cinge

 Run - Raz

Speak - Lavra Sing - Can

Breathe - Ana

Hear - Clusa

See - Derga

* Ru- -- preverbial particle (past)

Sang - Rucan

I spoke - Rulavrumi

I will speak - Lavruiaimi

Believe: Crede

Think: Mente

Know: Fize

Remember: Gove

Forget: Angove

Make/Do: Auz (auot-)

Touch: Táze

Give: Da

Take: Gave

Follow: Sege

Lead: Cene

Be born: Éne (*Éndu bíz)

Connect: Coutáze (Coutáz "connection")

Smoke: Smug

Dream: Asuñe

Sleep: Suñe

Hug: Abrage

Hug tight: Agarre

Turn on (lights): Auz íz candu ("Make it bright")

Turn off (lights): Auz íz demen ("Make it dark")

Turn on (sound): Auz íz arzu ("Make it loud/high)"

Turn off (sound): Auz íz saz ("Make it quiet/peaceful")

-Milua- (Animals)
Dog: Cú - Cún

Warhound: Árgu - Árgun Wolf: Blez - Blezda

Cat: Gatu – Gatua

Horse: Ega - Egan

Falcon: Alcu - Alcua

Claw/Talon: Garra

Boar: Durgu - Durgua

Tooth: Dan - Danta

Pig: Org – Orí

Tree: Cran – Craña

Flower: Blaza - Blazaí

Leaf: Dula - Dulan

Fish: Esga - Esgan

Rabbit: Coellu - Coellua (c.i. coelio)

Frog: Sapu - Sapua

Snake: Nadra - Nadran

Bird: Eznu - Eznua

Goose: Gíurra - Gíurran (Gigurri, Asturian people, Pliny NH, III, 28)

Feather - Ezela

Feather - Bluma

Horn: Carn - Carna

Horn: Ázar - Ázara (bsq. Adar, ir. Adharc)

Dragon: Dragún - Dragúna

Unicorn: Oncarn - Oncarna

-Tírru ega Mor (Land and Sea)
Earth – Díara

Sun: Saul

Moon: Lugra

Hill: Bría (briga) – Brií

Mountain: Carná

Snow: Sneáda

Light Snow: Neve

Ice: Xái (p.c. iagi)

River: Amona (Abona)

Sea: Mor

Ocean: Maramor (big sea)

Bay: Morcambu (sea bend) and Baí (bsq.)

Island: Enis

-Objects, Environment, Places, etc.-
Book: Livru - Livrua

Church: Igrexa - Igrexan

Wheel: Roda - Rodan

Woven basket: Gís (p.c. kistā)

Skirt: Sáia (sagia) - Sáian

Shirt: Camixa - Camixan (gl. via lt. Camisia)

Bed: Cama– Caman

House: Téu – Teí

Home: Trema (c.i. Treba)

Door: Dura - Duran

Gate: Maradura (big door)

City: Gorta - Gortan (c.i. korta)

Neighborhood: Omdrema (om+trema)

Lake: Logu – Loí

Bridge: Broa (c.i breua/p.c. brīwā)

Land/Ground: Tírru – Tírrúa

Field: Lana (p.c. landa)

Bay: Bái - Báia *Ibr.Bsq.

Landslide/Avalanche: Lurte *bsq.

Wood: Fidu - Fidúa

Forest: Caida - Caidan

Flower: Blaza - Blazan

Tree: Cran - Craña

Sky/Heaven: Nemu

Wind: Aillu (c.i. auilio-)

Grass: Faltula (faltu+dula)

Rock: Cloga

Person: Dun

People/Tribe: Dóza

Shadow: Scazu

Battle: Cazu

War: Cougázu

Warrior: Cazufér

Soldier: Cingez

Warhound: Árgu

Hunt: Selga

Victory: Séu (sego)

Sword: Glazem (gl. cladibu)

Giant: Cour

Europe: Europa

Kingdom: Rigáda

Base: Bun (p.c. bonu-)

-Dóza ega ín Biodan- (People and the Body)
Family (close): Clana - Claña

Family: Téuslóa - Téusloí

Ancestor: Ginazre - Ginazrí

Man: Feru - Men: Fíru

Woman: Bena - Women: Mna

Husband: Fair - Faír

Wife: Baina – Mnaidan

Father: Azre

Mother: Mazra

Daughter: Doazra (c.i. Tuater)

Son: Magi (o.r. Maqqi) – Maí

Child: Gente (c.i. Centis) - Gentí

Brother: Brazre

Sister: Sesra

Granddaughter: Néta

Grandson: Nétu

Grandfather: Senazre

Grandmother: Senmazra

Boy: Menínu

Girl: Menína

Friend: Garan/a - Garandí/Garaña

Lord: Tíerna

King: Rí

Queen: Riana

Folk/group of people: Feren

Celt: Celda

Celtic: Celdegu/a

Linguist: Tangafer/Tangaben

Citizen: Couhorta (ex. mitbürger)

Hunter/Huntress: Selgafér (male) Selgabén (female)

Leader: Cenfer

Head: Cenu – Cena

Ear: Clusta - Doaglusta

Hand: Lama – Doallama

Arm: Braga – Doabraga

Leg: Gar – Doahar (p.c. garri)

Foot: Tróuz (p.c. Troget) – Doatróuz

Eye: Ogu - Doaogu

Hair: Faltu

Nose: Sróna

Face: Áiza (agita)

Mouth: Gam (c.i. cab *gob*)

Mouth: Boca

Blood: Crou

Beard: Graña - Granda

Moustache: Grandel - Grandela

Brain: Engen ("in head", ir. inchinn)

Heart: Crízu

-Menda, Anma, Fizáda- (Mind, Spirit, Knowledge)
God: Deu – Devan

Soul: Anma - Anman

Breath - An

Universe: Uldounu (Runa vaha)

World: Dúnu

Life: Bíoda

Magic: Brída (gaul. brixt)

Word: Óudlu

Dream: Asuñu

Witch: Sorgin *bsq.

Druid: Drúz – Drúzan

Druidess: Drúzis - Drúzisan

Druidry: Druzáda

Brotherhood: Brazreáda

Ancestor: Ginazre

Wisdom: Fiz

Oak: Dara – Daran

Oak: Cerca ( tribe name Querquerni from *kʷerkʷ- < PIE *perkʷ- 'oak, tree')

North: Tóze

East: Úre

West: Fó

South: Déise

Solstice: Saulstan

Equinox: Somnóuz

Spring: Éraga

Summer: Sam

Fall:

Winter: Gaiam

Language/tongue: Tanga

Language: Xáz (Brt. Iaxti)

Sacred: Noumu

Sacred grove/Temple/Great oak: Nemezún

Summer: Sam

Samhain: Samaña

Fairy: Sáda (saz: peace/quiet)

Power: Gala

Strength: Nerte

Strong: Nertegu/a

* Underworld/Otherworld: Anzúnu (Antumnos)

Love: Garaz

Health: Slán

Star: Saruña – Saruñaí

Galaxy: Saruñaslóa (star group) - Saruñasloí and Galácsia(n)

Forest: Caida - Caidan

Fire: Tin

Flame: Tinel

Belief: Credíma

Religion: Relixiún

Mind: Menda

Smoke: Mug

To Smoke: Smug/Zéu

Insense: Muglú

Cannabis: Canva and Cáñamu

Hemp: Coúrg (p.c. kom-wark)

-Adjectives-
Good/well: Maz(a)

Good: Dahu/a

Bad: Drugu/a

New: Nóu(a)

Old: Senu/a

Young: Óang (p.c. iovanca)

Hot: Azu/a (p.c. aidu-) *aiz "heat"

Warm: Tesmu/a

Cold: Oru/a (p.c. ougros)

Freezing/Icy: Coxáidu/a

Beginning: Fúdróaz (uφo-troget)

End (physical): Órgen (uφer-kʷenno)

End (abstract/temporal): Aña (p.c. indo-)

Left: Esger/a *Ibr.Bsq.

Right: Déis/a

Big: Mahu/a - (c.i. magu)

Small: Bígu/a - (p.c. bikko)

Gigantic: Couregu/a

Healthy: Slánu/a

Round: Cruñu/a (p.c. krundi-)

Dead: Mar

Happy: Laun

Free: Riu/a

Equal: Inon (*the one, "equality" inonas)

Wise: Sufiz (p.c. suvidu)

Conscious: Enfizegu/a

Dark: Demen

Bright: Candu/a

Light: Glustu/a

Deep: Duvnu/a - (p.c. dubno-)

Clean: Glan

Black: Dumu (p.c. dubu-)

White: Ven/a

Red: Rozu/a

Green: Glasdula (leaf blue)

Blue: Glastu/a

Brown: Don

Yellow: Melin

Gold: Our

Silver: Arganu/a

Many (a lot): Az llan (at full)

Other: Ala

All: Olu/a

Every: Gacu/a

Oaken: Dru(a)

Strong: Nerte

Wise: Sufiz (good knowledge)

Born: Éndu

Sweet: Melis

Beautiful: teg/a

Pretty: fim/a

Good/Pretty: Can (Canibri, p.c cani-)

Fierce: Gamargu "warhound-mouth"

First: Gin/a - (from PCl *kintu- 'first')

High: Arzu

Low: Iselu

Far: Gel/En xir

Close: Nes

Long: Longu/a and Siru/a

Short: Gerru/a

Elevated/Eminent: Brían (c.i. brigant-)