Umbrean

=Setting= Umbrean is spoken in the nation The Union of Confederated Umbrean Republican States, aka UCURS or Umbrean Confederacy, but is one of the major languages on Verus

General Information
Umbrean is a verb based language, i.e. there is no adjectives and almost all other words are derived from their closest relative verb though some are stand alone nouns but they are rare. The sentence structure of umbrean is SOV, it is a agglutinating and isolating language in which both shifts depending on what category of things one deals with but it is consistent in that area.

Single Letters
Umbrean alphabets sounds like this.

Phonotactics
B,P,T,Q are always followed by a vowel

R and K always comes alone from consonants, as there is vowels around them

two consonants always comes between two vowels

The syllable structure of umbrean is (C)V(C) for all bigger words though smaller may not follow it.

=Basic Grammar=

Verbs
Umbrean is very regular in its language except for very few verbs but mostly the verb "to be"

Verbal structure:

Voice-Mood Verb Tense-Aspect

Tense and Aspect
Tense and aspect is combined into one word which is placed after the verb


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! colspan="2" rowspan="3" | ! colspan="12" | Aspect ! colspan="4" | Perfective ! colspan="4" | Imperfective ! colspan="4" | Perfect ! rowspan="4" | Tense ! Infinitive ! Present ! Past ! Future
 * Regular || Inceptive || Continuative || Terminative
 * Regular || Inceptive || Continuative || Terminative
 * Regular || Inceptive || Continuative || Terminative
 * Regular || Inceptive || Continuative || Terminative
 * Yny|| * || * || *
 * Rade || Naqej || Iwag || Daj
 * Wab || Binom || Xajiz || Gi
 * Gi || Gojaj || Lez || Jy
 * Kob || Bib || Nef || Hoq
 * Iwag || Pab || Fad || Ej
 * Aman || Odot || Dodo || Degim
 * Nod || Jew || Afjer || *
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

Voices-Mood
in Umbrean voice and mood is combiend into one word that is placed infront of the verb
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" | Voice ! Active ! Passive ! Middle ! rowspan="6" | Mood ! Imperative ! Indicative ! Hypothetical ! Potensial ! Dubitative ! Interrogative
 * }
 * }


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! colspan="1" | Mood ! colspan="1" | Description ! colspan="1" | Example ! Imperative ! Indicative ! Hypothetical ! Potensial ! Dubitative ! Interrogative
 * Statement || "Lets go!"
 * It is factually. || "I walked to my job"
 * It is hypothetical || "You could have walked to your job"
 * It is likely || "I will probably go there"
 * It is uncertain/doubtful || "I doubt you walked to your job"
 * Its a question || "Did you walk to your job?"
 * }

To Be
This verb is sometimes considered to be none existent since it is the very word used to conject a verb. "am" is therefor right out "liy" and "will be" is "Tra" and so on

Negation
To negate a sentence such as "im not killing" one adds the suffix -yp/-xyp to the verb so it becomes "gyl yny anuxyp liy"

Genders
Umbrean genders include None-moving, Living, Mechanical and Magical

Cases
Umbrean have 3 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative

Noun Declension
Umbrean nouns are declinsioned according to if they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, puacal and plural according to this table if they are regular

Numbers
A thing to keep in mind is this language is base-12 based

Noun Derivations
A noun can look like any word verb in umbrean but to describe the thing doing a verb or being exposed one simply add Ur- to the primary word such as Uraxy/Uryny/Uriqa/Uraza while the verb is left alone


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Word ! colspan="1" | Meaning ! Uraxy axje ! Uryny axje ! Uriqa axje ! Uraza axje
 * The thing cooling something else
 * The thing being cooled down
 * The thing heating something else
 * The thing being heated
 * }

Persinal Pronouns
Umbrean have many persinal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.
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! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Case ! colspan="3" | Accusative ! colspan="3" | Intransitive ! colspan="3" | Ergative ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pc. ! rowspan="1" | pl. ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pc. ! rowspan="1" | pl. ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pc. ! rowspan="1" | pl. !! colspan="2" | 1st ! rowspan="3" | 2nd ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Other ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Verusian ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Wise ! rowspan="5" | 3rd ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Impersinal ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Other ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Verusian ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Wise ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Noble
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

Other Pronouns

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! colspan="1" | Case ! colspan="1" | Query ! colspan="1" | This ! colspan="1" | That ! colspan="1" | Some ! colspan="1" | No ! colspan="1" | Every ! Adjective ! Person ! Thing ! Place ! Time ! Way ! Reason
 * Axi || Olty || Oxle || Inza || Ywqo || Uwwa
 * Ixzu || * || Ixuz || Inzu|| * || *
 * Ynxa || * || * || Inzu || Ynqo || *
 * Ogno || Olny || Ogle || * || * || *
 * Unzo || Unty || * || * || * || *
 * Awzu || Awty || * || * || * || *
 * Adwa || * || * || * || * || *
 * }

English Personal Pronouns

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Case ! colspan="1" | Query ! colspan="1" | This ! colspan="1" | That ! colspan="1" | Some ! colspan="1" | No ! colspan="1" | Every ! Adjective ! Person ! Thing ! Place ! Time ! Way ! Reason
 * which || this || that || some || no || every
 * who || this || that || someone || no one || everyone
 * what || this || that || something || nothing || everything
 * where|| here || there || somewhere || nowhere || everywhere
 * when || now || then || sometime || never || always
 * how || thus || * || somehow|| * || *
 * why || * || * || * || * || *
 * }

Adjective
Adjectives don't exist in the normal sense but is verbs, the adjective "red" would be in umbrean "to be red" and is conjugated the same way as verbs, but if there is multiple adjectives describing something one does not say the tempus/conjucation word over and over, it is said after the last adjective verb as an indication you stop the description there.

To form an adjective from verbs one either leaves it without Iqa,Aza,Axy,Yny and add the prefix Ul/Iw to get it, Ul is related to the main meaning while Iw is related to the secondary. While if for example with olpa where you want it to be "Throwable" or "Catchable" you add "-le" to the primary word so it becomes


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Example "olpa" ! colspan="1" | Translation
 * Axyle olpa || to be throwable
 * Iqale olpa || To be catchable
 * }
 * Iqale olpa || To be catchable
 * }

It is most common placed on the active part but may be on others aswell

wi/Ul example
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! colspan="1" | Example "Axje" ! colspan="1" | Translation
 * Axje || To be Temperate
 * Iwaxje || To be cold
 * Ulaxje || To be hot
 * }
 * Ulaxje || To be hot
 * }
 * }

Comparative
The comparative word is placed in front of the adjective
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Comparative ! colspan="1" | Word ! Base ! Comparative 1 ! Comparative 2 ! Comparative 3 ! Superlative
 * Afna
 * Efgu
 * Info
 * Ijjo
 * }

Standard
The Umbrean language is a Subject-Object-Verb language that arranges its sentences as "adam apple ate" rather than the english SVO "Adam ate apple"

Adverbs
Adverbs are formed simular way as the nouns, by a placing of a "Ja" infront of the adjective and it is adverb, but isnt followed by any tempus word.

Conjuctions
Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y

Noun Clause
Noun subordinate clauses are rather simple to form, one simply uses the noun that is derived from the perspective one is after with the addition of fitting tempus particle after like normally so time spans fits, for example "I know who died" or "I know the person that have died"

and a small translation of various words come here


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! colspan="1" | English ! colspan="1" | Umbrean ! I know the person that have died ! Ybo uryny anu ero axy iwa ata
 * I
 * Ybo
 * The person that have died
 * Uryny anu ero
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * Axy iwa ata
 * }

Thing to keep in mind is that they dont differ between "The man who" or "The thing that", all those are treated as the same

Adjective Clause
An Adjective Clause is initiated with the word "Ixzu", which replaces such words as "which"/"Who"/"That" as relative english pronouns, and ended with a verb and is placed behind the noun is modifies

Adverbial Clause

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Clause Kind ! colspan="1" | Usual Conjuction ! colspan="1" | Function ! colspan="1" | Example ! Time Clause ! Conditional Clause ! Purpose Clause ! Reason Clause ! Result Clause ! Concessive Clause ! Place Clauses ! Clauses of Manner ! Clauses of Exclamations
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

English:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Clause Kind ! colspan="1" | Usual Conjuction ! colspan="1" | Function ! colspan="1" | Example ! Time Clause ! Conditional Clause ! Purpose Clause ! Reason Clause ! Result Clause ! Concessive Clause ! Place Clauses ! Clauses of Manner ! Clauses of Exclamations
 * when, before, after, since, while, as, until
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * Her father died when she was young.
 * if, unless
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
 * in order to, so that, in order that
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
 * because, since, as, given
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
 * so that
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed''.
 * although, though, while
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now
 * where, wherever
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * He said he was happy where he was.
 * as, like, the way
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
 * what a(an), how, such, so
 * Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
 * What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!
 * }
 * }

Ratio
Ratio such as Three to one would be said as Izi wzi miz where the word wzi is used in ratio context alone

=Dictionary=

Suffixes
=Example text=

One

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | English ! colspan="1" | Umbrean ! I know the person that have died ! Ybo uryny anu ero axy iwa ata
 * I
 * Ybo
 * The person that have died
 * Uryny anu ero
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * Axy iwa ata
 * }

Common phrases

 * = Go/walk/run to tartarus or go to hell
 * = Directly How is rygnar? but means What time is it? or How much is the clock
 * = The Union of Confederate Umbrean Republican States