Vāgøgjaskt/Lexicon

This is the page of a thematic lexicon of Vag Islander, otherwise also known as Vāgøgjaskt Stömm.

Avians

 * þröstʀ - masc. u-s. [*þrastuz]
 * bird, (specifically) small bird


 * fljūgą (flaug, flugum, flogað) - str. II [*fleuganą]
 * intr. fly
 * trn. transport sth/sby. by flight


 * egg (eggjum, eggją) - neut. ą-s. [*ajją]
 * egg, ovum

Humans

 * maðʀ (manns) - masc. ʀ-s. [*mann-az]
 * man, human


 * kvanną - fem. a-s. [*kwennǭ]
 * woman


 * barn (börn) - neut. ą-s. [*barną]
 * child, offspring

Appearance

 * snöggvʀ (snögg, snöggt) - adj. a-s. [*snawwaz]
 * bald, short-haired


 * kūt - neu. ą-s. [*kūtą]
 * body fat; soft tissues


 * kūtʀ (kūt, kūtt) - adj. a-s. [kūt-ʀ]
 * plump, fat


 * skjallʀ (skjöll, skjallt) - adj. a-s. [*skelhaz]
 * small, small-faced; small-eyed

Architecture

 * heimʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*haimaz]
 * home, household; Heimat


 * hūs - neu. ą-s. [*hūsą]
 * house, dwelling


 * dalla - neu. a-s. [unknown, of Sámi origin; cf NSm  (house, farmhouse)]
 * hut, hovel


 * delją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [dall- + *-ijaną]
 * itr/trn. build, construct


 * hyrðʀ - fem. i/ja-s? [*hurdiz ~ *hurdijō < *hurdiz]
 * door, gate
 * remark: the noun has two acceptable inflectional paradigms; no matter the declension it is in, it takes the definite case suffixes of ja-stem nouns


 * staki - masc. an-s. [*stakō]
 * stick, small wooden beam

Economy, Commerce

 * farmʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*farmaz]
 * goods, merchandise; a good, item of merchandise


 * fermją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*farm-ijaną]
 * trn. to move goods, money; to transfer ownership of X to


 * feyją (fau, fyjum, føjað) - irr/str. II [*faujaną]
 * itr/trn. to sift (through ), to seek riches


 * fjörvą (-aða, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [*ferhw-ōną]
 * itr/trn. to log/clear (an area ); to clear area for further exploitation


 * rȳją (-aða, -aðum, -að) - reg.II [*rūjōną?]
 * trn. shear, pluck wool off of


 * fala - fem. a-s. [*falō < *falǭ]
 * field, plot of land


 * hrjūð - fem. a-s. [*hreudą]
 * mint, peppermint


 * starf - neu ą-s. [*starfą]
 * labour, effort


 * stí - neu ą-s. [*stiją]
 * sty, swine pen


 * stjūrr (stjūr, etc.) - masc. ʀ-s. [*steuraz]
 * one unit of cattle; bull or cow

Welfare

 * heitʀ - fem. ja-s. [*haitį̄]
 * fever, temperature


 * bylgją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I. [*bulg-ijaną < *bulgj-aną]
 * itr. to cough, heave, hack


 * bylgðʀ - fem. ja-s. [*bulg-iþō]
 * common cold, fever


 * plǫ̈̄gʀ - masc. u-s. [*plāg-uz < Lat. plāga]
 * plague, pestilence


 * þrastąplǫ̈̄gʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [þrast-ą + plǫ̈̄gʀ]
 * flu, bird influenza, 'bird plague'


 * varkʀ - masc. i-s. [*werkiz]
 * headache, migraine


 * marrą (mōrr, mōrrum, marrað) - str. VI [*marzjaną? *marzōna? cf. Far  (to plague)]
 * trn. to pain, to make sick


 * merðʀ - masc. i-s. [*marz-þiz]
 * nausea, dizziness


 * rȳgðą (raugð, rugðum, rogða) - str. II [**reug- ??]
 * trn. to infect, to pass contagion


 * rjūgðą (raugð, rugðum, rogða) - str. II [**reug- ??]
 * trn. to infect, to pass contagion


 * rȳgsl - neu. ą-s. [*reug-slą?]
 * infection, disease


 * fnerrą (-aða, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [*fnezz-ōną]
 * itr. sneeze


 * hinką (-aða, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [*hinkōną < *hinkaną]
 * itr. limp, walk with a limp

Society

 * smą̄ (smāni, smānaʀ) - fem. a-s. [*smānō? cf. Icl.  (shame, disgrace)]
 * scandal, outrage


 * smēnją (-nda, -ndum, -jað) - reg. I [*smān-ijaną]
 * trn. defame, insult


 * heitą (hāt, hēttum, hettað) - str. irr (VII) [*haitaną]
 * itr. be called, be named


 * heitją (-tta, -ttum, -jað) - reg. I [*heit-ijaną]
 * trn. name, call by certain name


 * namna - neu. an-s. [*namô]
 * name


 * hlȳðsą yfri (-tta, -ttum, -ttað) -- reg. II [hlūð-są yfri]
 * itr/trn. overpower, dominate


 * ey (eyvi, eyvaʀ ...) - fem. a-s. [*aiwō?]
 * tribal custom, tribal law


 * frēną (frān, frēgnum, fregnað) [*frehnaną]
 * itr/trn. spread rumours, gossip around, gossip about


 * hrøgvą (hrau, hruðum, hrovað) - str. II [*hreww-aną]
 * trn. mock sby, lie about sby.


 * hrøgją (-ið, -iðum, -jað) - reg. III [*hrew-janą < *hrew-aną]
 * itr. be uninformative, spread misinformation


 * hreggją (hregði, hregðum, hreggjað) - reg. I [*hrew-ījaną]
 * trn. cause to be misinformed, lie to


 * prangą (prang, prungum, prunguð) - str. II [*prang-aną]
 * itr. embarrass oneself, make a social faux pas


 * prengją (-ði, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*prang-janą]
 * trn. embarrass somebody


 * reką (reik, rykum, rekað) - str. I [*rek-aną]
 * trn. bury sby, conduct sby's funeral


 * snōta - fem. a-s. [*snōtō]
 * kidnapped bride, abducted bride, forced bride

Violence

 * sjaɡʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*seguz]
 * victory, conquest


 * ękkją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*ak-ijaną?]
 * trn. kill sby. with a sharp object; stab sby. to death


 * rekją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*rek-janą]
 * trn. cause sby. to be buried, kill sby.
 * trn. + cause sby. to bury sby.
 * remark: semantically very emphatic verb, almost never used in a way that doesn't imply a marked difference in status, rank or power


 * rjūfą (rauf, rufum, rofað) - str. II [*reuf-aną]
 * trn. have a bone broken


 * rȳfją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*reuf-ijaną]
 * trn. + break sby's limb, bone, joint


 * botją (-tta, -ttum, -jað) - reg. I [unknown, of Sámi origin; cf NSm  (twist, turn)]
 * trn. + dislocate sby's joint, limb
 * remark: very strong and crude, not used for generic descriptions or renarrations as it conjures a specifically cruel image


 * rȳkją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*reuk-janą]
 * trn. burn sby. alive, burn sby. to death


 * lekją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*lek-janą]
 * trn. cause sby. to leak
 * trn. cause sby. to leak sth.


 * aflepja (-ta, -tum, -jað) - reg. I [*ab-lep-janą]
 * trn. de-lip, remove lips; render unable to speak, physically silence


 * leðją (-tta, -ttum, -ðjað) - reg. I [*leþ-janą < *leþr-ijaną]
 * trn. skin/flay sby.
 * trn. skin/flay sby's body part


 * hinkją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*hink-janą]
 * trn. break sby's legs, make sby. limp


 * serðą (sarð, surðum, sorðað) - str. II [*serþ-aną]
 * itr/trn. rape, sexually violate


 * sjarrą (-aði, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [*serþ-ōną]
 * trn. rape out of hate, defile


 * skjąrfa (skarf, skurfum, skorfað) - str. II [*skerb-aną]
 * trn. rape during war, rape as a punishment, rape so as to shame sby.


 * skjąrtą (skjąrt, skjųrtum, skjǫrtað) - str. II [*skert-aną]
 * itr/trn. geld, castrate


 * skrø̨ppją (skrø̨pða, skrø̨pðum, skrø̨ppjað) - reg. I [*skimp-ijaną]
 * trn. cause sby. to die of hypothermia, freeze sby.


 * sprengja (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*sprang-ijaną]
 * trn. make sby. jump, push sby. off a cliff or high place

Mental

 * þykkją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*þunk-ijaną]
 * + + cause to recognise, remind of


 * þỹkkją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*þunk-ijaną]
 * + + cause to recognise, remind of


 * frȫʀ (frȫ, frȫtt) - adj. a-s. [*fraw-az?]
 * quick, intelligent, with a good memory


 * teiðą (-aði, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [unknown, of Sámi origin; cf NSm  (know)]
 * itr/trn. understand, know


 * venjandi (venjand, venjanda) - adj. part. i-s. [venją < **wanaz]
 * accustomed, used to
 * remark: the adjective is a participle from 


 * venją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*wan-janą??]
 * trn. get used/accustomed to
 * remark: the verb is a reanalysis of the adjective <*wanʀ> in pre-Vāgøgjask, paradoxically derived from its own participle

Youth

 * kjaldą (-aða, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [*keld-ōną?? < *kelþ-ōną]
 * intr. play, joke around
 * trn. play using sth.; con, cheat sby.


 * vexą (ōx, ōxum, vaxað) - str. VI [*wahs-ijaną]
 * intr. grow, grow up
 * trn. raise


 * ungʀ - adj a-s. [*jungaz]
 * young

Food Production

 * jakką (-aða, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [*jagōną? *jakkōną?]
 * intr. hunt, go hunting


 * jekkją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*jakk-ijaną?]
 * trn. hunt, chase after, seek


 * freyðą (frauð, fruðum, froðað) [*freuþaną]
 * itr/trn. make a broth, cook in a stew, be cooked in a stewed

Personality

 * þorną ([þurna], þornaða, þornaðam, --) - reg. IV [*þurz-naną]
 * fient. be afraid, be a coward


 * blaðną ([blaðna], blaðnaða, blaðnaðam, --) - reg. IV [*blad-naną]
 * fient. be cunning, witty


 * frēgi (frēg, frēga) - adj. i-s. [*frēg-iz]
 * well-known; charismatic


 * þekkʀ (þekk, þekkt) - adj. a-s. [*þakkjaz]
 * elegant, sophisticated, fluently mobile

Emotions

 * glaðʀ (glöð, glatt) - adj. a-s. [*gladaz]
 * glad, happy; flat, even


 * gaman - neu. ą-s. [*gamaną]
 * joy, happiness


 * ękki - masc. an-s. [*akiz?? *ak(aną)??]
 * ache, regret, longing


 * kų̄bʀ - neu. ą-s. [*kumbzą?? < *kumbrą?]
 * sorrow, deep sadness

Sensations

 * ittʀ - masc. i-s. [*jihtiz]
 * pain, anguish, paralysis

Profanity

 * bogðą (-aði, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [unknown, of Sámi origin; cf SSm  (fuck)]
 * trn. fuck


 * (varðaðu) bogðaʀ - phrs.
 * get fucked; fuck off


 * skītą - (skeit, skitum, sketað) - str. I [*skītaną]
 * trn/itr. shit, defecate


 * skītʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [skīt-az]
 * shit


 * skītją - (-tti, -ttum, -jað) - reg. I [skīt-janą]
 * trn. cause to shit; poison


 * vamją - (-ði, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*wamm-janą]
 * int. barf, regurgitate
 * int. be utterly repulsed by


 * vamʀ - masc. i-s. [**wam-az? < *wamm-az < *wamm-iz]
 * vomit
 * excl. used with extreme displeasure or surprise; comparable to "shit!"

Linguistics

 * stömm - neu. ą/a-s? [*stamnō < *stamnijō <~ **stimn-ōną??]
 * language, speech of a people; dialect
 * remark: the noun has both an a-stem declension that comes from its etymology, and an ą-stem declension that originated in analogy with other suffixless neuters; it itself is always neuter


 * orð - neu. ą-s. [from Norse ]
 * word, utterance


 * urð - neu. ą-s. [*wurdą]
 * word, utterance
 * remark: the noun has partially been supplanted by the Norse borrowing, "orð"; it occurs as an infrequent alternative to the Norse loan

Materials

 * leðʀ - neu. ą-s. [*leþrą]
 * leather, hide

Geography

 * mörk - fem. a-s. [*markō]
 * forest, marsh


 * fjall - neut. ą-s. [*fellą? *felhą?]
 * mountain


 * brjāðʀ - masc. i-s. [*brēþiz]
 * geyser; hot spring, hot pool


 * dall - masc. ʀ-s. [*dalaz]
 * dale, valley


 * øgg (øgjaʀ) - fem. a-s. [*awjō]
 * island, isle


 * ǭss (ǭs, ǭsi, ǭss etc.) - masc. ʀ-s. [*̄ōnsaz < *ōsnaz]
 * lake, pond

Locations

 * Beyheimʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [Bey-heimʀ]
 * Bohemia


 * Vāgøgjaʀ - fem. pl.t. a-s. [Vāg-øgjaʀ]
 * The Vag Islands

Time

 * myrginn - masc. ʀ-s. [*murgenaz]
 * morning, sunrise


 * aðn - neu. ą-s. [*aþną]
 * season

Anatomy

 * höfuð - neu. ą-s. [*hafudą]
 * head

Physiology

 * aną (ōn, ōnum, anað) - str. VI? [*ananą?]
 * itr/trn. breathe; breathe sth. in


 * enją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*an-ijaną]
 * trn. breathe sth. into sth.

Activities

 * byrją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*bur-janą]
 * trn/itr. begin, start


 * byrvą (bör, burum, burvað) - str. III [*bur-janą]
 * trn/itr. begin, start


 * byrją (ber, byrjum, byrjað) - str. III [*bur-janą]
 * trn/itr. begin, start


 * nenną (nann, nunnum, nonnað) - str. III [*ninþ-aną]
 * intr. dare, muster up courage


 * mølvją (-vða, -vðum, -vað) - reg. I [*malw-janą]
 * trn. crush, pulverise, intentionally turn to powder or small bits


 * malą (mōl, mōlum, malað) - str. IV [*mal-aną]
 * trn. break, smash


 * krękkja (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [krękk + *-ijaną]
 * trn. make sby. slip, fall; push sby.


 * vann (vön, vant) - adj a-s. [*wanaz]
 * repetitive, annoying


 * sø̄kją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*sōk-janą]
 * itr/trn. seek, search, look for

Canids

 * hundʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*hundaz]
 * dog, hound


 * gjalpą (galp, gulpum, golpað) - str. II [*gelpaną?]
 * bark, whimper


 * ylgʀ - fem. ja-s. [*wulgī]
 * arctic fox; arctic vixen


 * tȳfʀ - fem. ja-s. [unknown, Germanic; cf ON  (fox)]
 * red fox; red vixen


 * ūlfʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*wulfaz]
 * wolf


 * vargʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*wargaz]
 * poet. arch. wolf


 * ȳlfją - fem. a-s. [*wulfiljǭ < *wulf-ilǭ]
 * she-wolf


 * ylgi - masc. an-s. [*wulg-jô]
 * arctic fox male


 * tȳfi - masc. an-s. [tȳf- + *-jô]
 * red fox male

Reptilians

 * yrmʀ - masc. i-s. [*wurmiz]
 * snake; worm


 * ųkki - masc. a-s. [*unkô]
 * snake

Education

 * skōli - masc. an-s. [*skōla]
 * school


 * freðją (frōð, frōðum, fraðað) - str. VI [*fraþjaną]
 * itr. learn
 * trn. study


 * freðją (-tta, -ttum, -jað) - reg. I [*fraþ-ijaną]
 * trn. teach

Numbers

 * einn (einn/einn/einum/eins eina/einu/einiʀ/einnaʀ ein/ein/einum/eins) - adj. irr. [*ainaz]
 * one


 * tvann (tvann/tvąnn/tvörjum/tvaną tveinn/tvęinn/tvörjum/tveiną tvą̄/tvąnn/tvörjum/tvaną) - adj. irr. [*twa-?]
 * two


 * þrīʀ (þrīʀ/þrī/þrīggjum/þrīgą þrēʀ/þrēʀ/þrīggjum/þrīgą þrjā/þrjų̄/þrīggjum/þrīgą) - adj. irr. [*þrīz]
 * three


 * fjöðʀi (fjöðʀi/fjöðʀąʀ/fjöðʀum/fjörrą fjöðʀinn/fjöðʀįnn/fjöðʀum/fjörrą fjöðʀą/fjöðʀąʀ/fjöðʀum/fjörrą) [*fedwōz < *fedwōr]
 * four


 * famf (---) [*femf < *fimf]
 * five


 * sex (---) [*sehs]
 * six


 * sjūn (---) [*sebun]
 * seven


 * attu (---) [*ahtōu]
 * eight


 * njų̄ (---) [*newun]
 * nine


 * tjų̄ (---) [*tehun]
 * ten


 * ęllifu (---) [*ainalif]
 * eleven


 * tvalf (---) [*twalif]
 * twelve


 * þrīgtjų̄ (---) [þrīg-tjų̄]
 * thirteen


 * fjörrtjų̄ (---) [fjörr-tjų̄]
 * fourteen


 * famtjų̄ (---) [famf-tjų̄]
 * fifteen


 * sextjų̄ (---) [sex-tjų̄]
 * sixteen


 * sjų̄tjų̄ (---) [sjūn-tjų̄]
 * seventeen


 * njų̄tjų̄ (---) [njų̄-tjų̄]
 * nineteen


 * tuttugu (---) [from ON tuttugu]
 * twenty

Properties

 * snjallʀ - adj. a-s. [*snellaz]
 * quick, swift


 * hlūðʀ - adj. a-s. [*hlūþaz]
 * strong, powerful; booming


 * kūmʀ - adj. a-s. [*kūmaz]
 * weak; impotent

Shape

 * krangʀ (kröng, krangt) - adj. a-s. [*krangaz]
 * bent, turned, twisted


 * fattʀ (fött, fatt) - adj. a-s. [*fattaz]
 * bent, twisted, crooked


 * valdi (vald, valda) - adj. i-s. [*waldiz]
 * big, large


 * holʀ (hol, holt) - adj. a-s. [*hulaz]
 * small; empty


 * holl (hol, holt) - adj. a-s. [*hulaz]
 * small; empty


 * snø̄fri (snø̄fr, snø̄fra) - adj. i-s. [*snōbriz]
 * narrow, tight

Identity

 * samʀ - adj. a-s. [*samaz]
 * same, the same


 * ąðʀ (önn, annt) adj. a-s. [*anþaz < *anþeraz]
 * other, another

Chemistry

 * brennją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*brannijaną]
 * trn. burn, light, set ablaze


 * brenną (brann, brunnum, bronnað) - str. III [*brinnaną]
 * itr. burn


 * drukinn (drukin, drukint; drukną) - adj. a-s. [*druknaz]
 * dry; arid


 * drokną ([drukna], droknaða, droknaðam, --) - reg. IV [*druk(n)-naną]
 * fient. be dry, arid


 * dryknją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*drukn-ijaną]
 * trn. + dry, remove moisture


 * eitri - neu. an-s. [*aitrô < *aitraz]
 * poison


 * eitrą (eittja, eittjum, eittjað) - reg. I [**eitr-ją? < *aitr-ijaną]
 * trn. kill sby. via poison


 * hyrr (hyrji, hyrji, hyrji, hyrjaʀ etc.) - fem. ja-s. [*hurijō < *hurjō?]
 * fire, ember


 * kyndją (-dja, -djum, -djað) - reg. I [*kund-janą]
 * trn. kindle, light


 * mjaltą (malt, multum, moltað) - str. III [*meltaną]
 * itr. melt, dissolve


 * meltją (-tta, -ttum, -jað) - reg. I [*melt-ijaną]
 * trn. melt, dissolve

Astronomy

 * Svagl - neut. ą-s. [*swagilaz]
 * Sun, star


 * skīną (skein, skinum, skenað) - str. I [*skīnaną]
 * intr. shine
 * trn. shine upon, illuminate


 * heimʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*haimaz]
 * world


 * heima - adv. [*haimō]
 * homewards, home


 * jarða - fem. a-s. [*erþō]
 * earth


 * jörð - fem. a-s. [*erþō]
 * earth


 * luftʀ (luftʀ, lyftiʀ, luftą) - masc. u-s. [*luftuz]
 * sky, heaven


 * dagʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*dagaz]
 * day, daytime


 * nātt (nātt(i)/nātt(i)/nātt(i)/nāttu(ʀi)/nētuʀ(aʀ) nētuʀ(niʀ)/nētuʀ(niʀ)/nētuʀ(niʀ)/nȫttum(-unum)/nāttą(ną)) - fem. irr. [*nahts]
 * night, nighttime

Motion

 * ōlką (ōlk, ōlkum, ulkað) - str. irr (VI?) [*wulk-ōną]
 * intr. run, move quickly
 * trn. race; (+ aftʀ ) chase after


 * gą̄ (igg, iggjum, --) - irr. supl. [*gāną]
 * intr. go


 * kvamą (kvam, kømum, komað) - str. IV [*kwem-aną]
 * trn. approach


 * troðą (trað, trøðum, troðað) - str. IV [*trud-aną]
 * trn. trample, step on; raze (with feet)


 * krękką (krąkk, krųkkum, krǫkkað) - str. II [*krink-aną]
 * itr. slip, lose traction


 * krỹppją (-ða, -ðum, -jað) - reg. I [*krump-janą]
 * trn. bend, twist, deform sth.


 * leką (lak, lukum, lokað) - str. II [*lekaną]
 * itr/trn. leak (+ sth.)

Sounds

 * syngvą (sang, sungum, songvað) - str. III [*singwaną]
 * itr/trn. sing, chant


 * songlą (svangl, sønglum, songlað) - str. IV [song-lą]
 * itr/trn. chant, hum, recite


 * hlehją (hlōh, hlōhum, hlahað) - str. VI [*hlahjaną]
 * itr. laugh


 * heyʀą (-aða, -aðum, -að) - reg. II [*hauzijaną]
 * itr/trn. hear, perceive

Meteorology

 * blāsą (blas, blusum, blosað) - str. III [*blēsaną]
 * itr. blast, blow (of wind)


 * blēʀą (blāʀ, blēgʀum, blegʀað) - str. VII [*blehsaną? *blēsaną?]
 * itr. blast, blow (of wind)


 * vindʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*windaz]
 * wind


 * skȳ - neut. ą-s. [*skiwją]
 * cloud, fog


 * skȳðʀ - fem. ja-s. [skȳ-ðʀ]
 * cloudiness, state of fog


 * svāla - fem. a-s. [unknown, of Sámi origin; cf <abbr title="South Sámi">SSm <svaaloe>]
 * snowy weather, snowy landscape

Derivation

 * -lą - str. IV [*-il-aną]
 * forms verbal deminutives


 * -a - adv. [*-ô]
 * forms adverbs of manner from a-stem adjectives


 * -i - adv. [*-ê]
 * forms adverbs of manner from i/u-stem adjectives


 * -vag adv. [*wegaz]
 * forms adverbs of iterations (twice, thrice etc.)


 * -ðʀ fem. ja-s. [*-iþō]
 * forms abstract nouns, nouns of state or being from adjectives, verbs, other nouns


 * -są+I reg. II [*-isōną]
 * forms denominative verbs from certain abstract nouns


 * -ją+I reg. I [*-(i)janą]
 * forms causatives from verbs or nouns
 * forms verbs relating to production of material

Particles

 * at
 * introduces subordinate clauses

Prepositions

 * aftʀ prep. [*aftri?]
 * acc. after, just behind (spatial)


 * į̄ (ī, īn, į) prep. [*in]
 * dat. in, inside of
 * acc. into


 * ųb (ų̄b, umb, umm) prep.
 * dat. around, in the vicinity of
 * dat. around, surrounding


 * höndu [*handū?]
 * dat. using, with;


 * yfri [*ubiri]
 * dat. over, above
 * acc. across, above

Insects

 * bȳ - fem. a-s. [*bijō]
 * bee

Time

 * eftri - adv. [*aftiri]
 * again, anew


 * dagʀ - masc. ʀ-s. [*dagaz]
 * day


 * bigą̄ (bigigg, bigiggjum, --) - irr. supl. [*bi-gāną]
 * pass, go by


 * gārr (gāʀą) - adj. a-s. [??]
 * same, consistent


 * gāʀvag - adv. [gāʀ-vag]
 * consistently, all the time


 * allvag - adv. [all-vag]
 * always, continuously


 * holvag - adv. [hol-vag]
 * rarely, infrequently, a small number of times

Biology

 * svąrą (svąr, sø̨̄rum, sǫrað) - str. IV [*sweraną]
 * itr. fester, rot, become infected/infested


 * stjarfą (stjarf, stjurfum, stjorfað) - str. III [*sterbaną]
 * itr. die


 * svaltą (svalt, sultum, soltað) - str. III [*sweltaną]
 * itr. hunger, starve


 * sveltją (-tta, -ttum, -jað) - reg. I [*swelt-ijaną]
 * trn. starve, deprive of food


 * kynn - fem. ja-s. [*kunjō]
 * sex; grammatical gender

Flora

 * blōmi - masc. an-s. [*blōmô]
 * flower


 * sefją - fem. a-s. [*safjǭ]
 * sap, tree sap