Elder Nobuzyanese

=Setting &amp; History = Elder Nobuzyanese is the Ŝara that was writen in the Yelemkin-Paký Basin in the Eastern Lowlands on the planet Jeernervaniaa. As a Ŝara, Elder Nobuzyanese is not a language that was commonly spoken, it was rather written and used as a lingua franca and in religious or offical texts.

Elder Nobuzyanese is a direct descendant of Lekinese. It inherited its grammar but the vocabulary of Elder Nobuzyanese comes from a blend between languages of the Lowlands.

Today, Elder Nobuzyanese is a language that most understand thanks to religious scriptures and thanks to the fact that Elder Nobuzyanese is a language taught in schools.

=Pronunciation=

Consonants
Elder Nobuzyanese has the following consonants:


 * Nasals
 * /m/ as in mother
 * /n/ as in nurse
 * [ŋ] as in sing (allophone of /n/ before palatal consonants)
 * Plosives
 * /p/ as in path
 * /b/ as in bath
 * /t/ as in to
 * /d/ as in do
 * /k/ as in core
 * /ɡ/ as in gore
 * Fricatives
 * /f/ as in few
 * /v/ as in view
 * /&theta;/ as in thing
 * /ð/ as in this
 * /s/ as in sing
 * [z] as in zebra (allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants)
 * /ʃ/ as in ship
 * [ɕ] as in sjæl (Danish) (allophone of /ʃ/ before unrounded front vowels)
 * /ʒ/ as in vision
 * /x/ as in loch (Scots)
 * /ʁ/ as in rouge (French)
 * /h/ as in hat
 * Affricates
 * /ʦ/ as in tsunami/つなみ (Japanese)
 * [ʣ] as in mizu/水 (Japanese) (allophone of /ʦ/ before voiced consonants)
 * /ʧ/ as in cheap
 * /ʤ/ as in jump
 * [ʨ] as in chijin/知人 (Japanese) (allophone of /ʧ/ before unrounded front vowels)
 * Liquids
 * /l/ as in leave (not as dark as in English, rather like in Danish)
 * /ʀ/ as in Rat (German)

Alongside consonants, Elder Nobuzyanese counts four semi-consonants used to form diphthongs:
 * /w/ as in war, corresponds to /u/
 * /&#x259;&#x32f;/ as part of diphthongs ending in “–ë”.
 * /j/ as in yes, corresponds to /i/
 * /ɥ/ as in nuit, corresponds to 'y'

Vowels
Vowels in Elder Nobuzyanese can be either long, short or nasal. Short vowels can form diphthongs. Elder Nobuzyanese has eleven short vowels and two nasals.

In the examples below, the length of the vowel is not relevant, the example is used to illustrate the vowel's quality.


 * Monophthongs
 * /i/ as in fre
 * /y/ as in lune (French)
 * /e/ as in beauté (French)
 * /ø/ as in købe (Danish)
 * /ɛ/ as in bête (French)
 * /œ, ə/ as in høne (Danish)
 * /a/ as in kat (Danish)
 * /u/ as in boot
 * /o/ as in réseau (French)
 * /ɔ/ as in hot
 * /ɑ/ as in start
 * Nasals
 * /æ̃/ as in lin (French)
 * /ɑ̃/ as in maman (French)

=Grammar=

Cases
Elder Nobuzyanese has six cases. These are:
 * Nominative: The nominative case is used in noun phrases that are subject or subject predicate. (Yul le edèèmar. The man eats.)
 * Accusative: The accusative case is used in noun phrases that are the direct object of transitive verbs or after a locative preposition which implies movement. (Yul le bàmmelu edèèmar. The man eats an apple.)
 * Dative: The dative case is used in noun phrases that are the indirect subject o f transitive verbs or after non-locative prepositions. (Azim le brevanu an-ŝaraanan vààruë hinor. The girl writes a letter to her father.)
 * Instrumental: The instrumental case is used in noun phrases that have an adverbial function in a sentence and which describe by which means the verb's action is realised or how it is realised. (An-ŝaraanam latunë. I write with a pen.)
 * Locative: The locative case is used in noun phrases that are the prepositional complement of locative prepositions which do not imply movement. (Rommoni le, wèrim feedi uëlls. The war destroyed everything in the kingdom.)
 * Genitive: The genitive case is used in noun phrases that describe a possession relationship.

Genders
Elder Nobuzyanese counts four genders and two composites. Gender does not affect nouns, it is however essential when inflecting adjectives. Note that gender is not necesserarily logical. For example, the word vààr means ‘father’ but is a feminine.

The gender of Elder Nobuzyanese are the following:
 * Masculine: Generally, nouns that refer to something commonly male or associated with males. (Examples: metals, fire, war, religion)
 * Feminine: Generally, nouns that refer to something commonly female or associated with females. (Examples: fluids, water, politics, nations, family)
 * Dynamic: Generally, things that are found in nature and which are usually associated with movement.
 * Static: Generally, things that are found in nature and which are not usually associated with movement. Also manufactured items.
 * Common: Synthetic gender of masculine and feminine.
 * Neuter: Synthetic gender of dynamic and static.

=Verbs=

Interogative
=Example Text= ''Ëull yult, kin nariiri Hüisrommoni Nobuuðanàn, lèèfàgà frèèls è sàms kim hraatena etino è ŝimruusenuë etino. Belakte uun belèèvèràgà aam nàiklasuë, ëlòinuë, hqòòdne elles haaluë.''

All men and women born in the Great Nobuzyanese Empire live free and equal in their rights and their conscience. There shall not be any difference in gender, richness, profession or clan.