Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang is set in the old Roman province of "Noricum." Mild loaning from Old High German takes place.

'''Constantly in development. It may change significantly. '''

JUST REDO, REDO IT ALLLLLLLLL ;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;

Writing System
Diacrticis/Diagraphs
 * 1) C/G are {s ʒ} before I, E, Y, or J
 * 2) E/O are {ɛː œː} in a stressed, closed syllable
 * 3) E is [ə] in every unstressed, open syllable. It's [∅] finally.
 * 4) Before/after another vowel
 * Ç ç - [s]
 * Ch ch - [ʃ]
 * Gu gu - [g] before I, E, Y, or J
 * Lli lli, Ill ill - [ʝ]
 * Gn gn - [ɲ]
 * Ci_ ci_ - [ʃ] before another vowel
 * Ti_ ti_ - [s] before another vowel
 * Ds ds - [t͡s]
 * doubly written consonant - geminate for fricatives and a pseudo-closed syllable for anything else
 * Dd dd - [d]
 * Ss ss - [sː]
 * Ae ae, Ai ai, Eu eu, Au au - {e ɛ ø ø}
 * Ui ui, Ue ue, Oi oi - {ɥi wɛ we}
 * Â, Î, Û, Ŷ - {aː iː uː iː}
 * Ê, Ô - {eː øː} in open syllables and {ɛː œː} in closed syllables
 * È è - [ə]

Stress
The stress is usually on the penultimate syllable (because the E is silent finally, phonetically, it would be the ultimate). An acute/circumflex diacritic can change this.

History and Explination
Nomidian keeps a small case system which has been mainly taken over by word order with case only marking relationship to other nouns. The subject case functions as the nominative, accusative, ablative, dative, and prepositional; it is the base case of a noun. The genitive case functions as a linking case between two noun which is (in decreasing order of use frequency): possessive, titles, and compound phrases. The marked-nominative, or sometimes just "nominative," is used when the noun in question is outside of the phrase and/or used as an intro thereto; it also finds common use as a vocative.

-s/-r comes from the original Latin word which would end in either -s or -r (others would be assimilated into these two later on). The genitive difference of -ae/-ue is that -ue nouns were 5th declension and -ae were 1st.

Declension

 * Masculine


 * Feminine

Feminine nouns have two classes: the a-stem and the e-stem. A-stems and e-stems are the same except for the genitive where the latter ends in -ue.

Lexical Entry

In any given entry, the noun will follow this example:


 * word [IPA] gender; (class) = definition ::: LATIN, gender

The gender of the native word is m or f (masculine/feminine), the class is either ā̱ or ē̱ (a-stem, e-stem, etc), and irregulars are marked instead of case with '' irr. ''.

Examples

 * nadure [naˈdyːʁ] f, ā̱ = birth, (metaphoric) miracle, hope ::: NĀTŪRA, NĀTŪRAE, f.


 * Marked Nominative: nadura
 * Subject: nadure
 * Genitive: nadûrae
 * tierre [tjɛːʁ] f, ā̱ = ground, land, dirt, soil, (capital, with definite article) Earth ::: TERRA, TERRAE, f.


 * Marked Nominative: tierra
 * Subject: tierre
 * Genitive: tierrae
 * cié [ʃje] m, irr.  = steel, (metaphoric) strong, steadfast ::: ACIĒS, ACIĒĪ, f.


 * Marked Nominative: ciés
 * Subject: cié
 * Genitive: sçue
 * ciée [ʃje] f, ē̱ = sword :::  ACIĒS, ACIĒĪ, f.


 * Marked Nominative: ciée
 * Subject: ciée
 * Genitive: sçuée
 * fecié [fəˈʃje] m, irr.  = face, side ::: FACIĒS, FACIĒĪ, m.


 * Marked Nominative: feciés 
 * Subject: fecié
 * Genitive: fesçué
 * vué [vwe] f, irr.  = voice ::: VŌX, VŌCIS, f.


 * Marked Nominative: vuée
 * Subject: vué
 * Genitive: vôci
 * loi [lwe] m = location, place, area ::: LOCUS, LOCĪ, m.

 Verbs
 * Marked Nominative: logue
 * Subject: loi
 * Genitive: loci

History and Introduction
The past tense usually comes from the imperfect (except êstre where it comes from the Latin perfect). The future comes from the infinitive + HABEŌ in the present. The conditional comes from the infinitive + HABEŌ in the Latin perfect (though, vier's past tense comes from the Latin imperfect).

Base Irregulars

 * yestre [jestʁ]  irr.  = to be, to exist, to exist as ::: SUM, ESSE, FUĪ, FUTŪRUS


 * Infinitive: yestre
 * Past Participle: yeste
 * Passive Participle: yestur 


 * stâre [sta:ʁ]  irr.  = to be, to feel, to have ::: STŌ, STĀRE, STETĪ, STATUM


 * Infinitive: stâre
 * Past Participle: staum
 * Passive Pariticple: staur 
 * viêre [vjɛ:ʁ]  irr.  = to have, to own ::: HABEŌ, HABĒRE, HABUĪ, HABITUM


 * Infinitive: viêre
 * Past Participle: hafte
 * Passive Participle: haftur
 * faire [fɛ:ʁ]  irr.  = to do, to make, to create ::: FACIŌ, FACERE, FĒCĪ, FACTUM

Sound Changes
Legend: C = consonant | V = vowel | ´ = stressed | ˝ = near-stress/secondary stress | ` = unstressed | % = intertonic vowel | ¯ = long vowel | L = {l r j w} | O = open syllable | Ɵ = closed syllable | $ = syllable | J = {i i: ɪ j e e:} | P = plosive | G = {j w} | ˆ = secondary stress h > ∅  * HIC [hɪk] > [ɪk] %̀ > ∅ ; V́.CV̀C > V́C.C * MŪSCULUS [ˈmu:skʊlʊs] > [ˈmu:skl̩s] w > v ; b > v / V_(L)V * BIBERE [ˈbɪbɛrɛ] > [ˈbɪvrɛ] {ae oe} > {ɛ: i:} * AEQUĀLIS [aɪˈkʷa:lɪs] > [ɛ:ˈkʷa:ls] ; POENA [poɪna] > [pi:na] {k g}{ɛ̀ ē ĭ ī} > {t͡s d͡ʒ}_ * INCIDŌ [ˈɪŋɪdo:] > [ˈɪnt͡sɪdo:] ; RĒGĪNA [re:ˈgi:na] > [re:ˈd͡ʒi:na] {k g}jV > {t͡ʃ d͡ʒ}V  * FĪDŪCIA [fi:ˈdu:kja] > [fi:ˈdu:t͡ʃa] ; RĒGIUS [ˈre:gjʊs] > [ˈre:d͡ʒʊs] {t d} > t͡s / _jV̀  * NĀTIŌ [na:tjo:] > [na:t͡sjo:] {ḗ ṓ} > {ɛ: ɔ:} * RĒGIUS > *[re:d͡ʒʊs] > [rɛd͡ʒʊs] V̆̀ > ə / OC_ *[ˈɪnt͡sɪdo:] > [ˈɪnt͡sədo:] V̄ > V̆ / $̀ *[re:ˈd͡ʒi:na] > [reˈd͡ʒi:na] {ɛ̀ ɔ̀} > {j w} / _V, V_ * DEUS [dɛʊs] > [dɛws] jCV̂ > jCjV̂ {ĕ ŏ} > {i u} / Ò *[ˈɪnt͡sɪdo:] > [~do] > [~du] {ɛ́ ɔ́} > {je wo}  * CAELUS [kaɪlʊs] > [kɛ:lʊs] > [kje:ls] '''{k g} > j / V_{P l} ! J_ '*FLUCTUS [flʊktʊs] > [flujts]'' {t d} > r / V_V̀ *[ˈɪnt͡sɪdo:] > [ˈɪnt͡sədu] > [ˈɪnt͡səru] {b d g} > {v ð j} / V_(L)V  * COLLIGŌ [ˈkɔl:ɪgo:] > [kwo:l:əgu] > [kwo:l:əju] {p t k} > {b d g} / V_(L)V ; s > z / V_V * MICĀRE [mɪˈka:rɛ] > [məˈga:rə] '''C > C̥ / _# ! L''' st͡ʃ > ʃ: ; skj > ʃ: * CŌNSCIUS [ˈko:nskjʊs] > [kwo:nskjʊs] > [kwo:nʃ:ʊs] VN > Ṽ / _#, (_C ! _G) *[kwo:nʃ:ʊs] > [kwõ:ʃ:s] '''C > ∅ / _# ! stressed mono/bi-syllable word''' {ɪ ʊ} > ({e o} / Ɵ, Ò) , ({i u} / Ó) '''{r l} > ∅ ! _:, _V̂''' {l n} > {ʎ: ɲ:} / V_jV, Vj_V *[kwo:l:əju] > [kwo:l:ju] > [kwo:ʎ:u] '''V̀ > ə / _# ! V̂' *[reˈd͡ʒi:na] > [rəd͡ʒi:na] > [rəˈd͡ʒi:nə]'' V̀ > ∅ / O#_ * ACIĒS [akje:s] > [ət͡ʃjɛ] > [t͡ʃjɛ] w > ∅ / C_ '''{v ð} > ∅ / V_V ! _V̂''' ɛ́j > ɔ́j {oj ɔj uj} > {wi we ɥi} {ɛw aw aj} > {ø o ɛ} r > ʁ '''C: > C ! F:''' {ä o u ɔ} > {a ø y œ} {ɛ œ} > {e ø} / $̀ {p t k} > {f s ʃ} {p t k} > {f t͡s t͡ʃ} ð > d͡z ə > ∅ / _# {ẽ õ} > {ɛ̃ ɔ̃} d͡z > t͡s '''{t͡ʃ d͡ʒ} > {ʃ ʒ} ; t͡s > s ! #_ > tj''' ʎ > ʝ

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