Ituyagul/basic morphology

The morphology of Ituyagul is polysynthetic, noun incorporating, and exclusively suffixing (except for the noun class and validation prefixes) with an ergative–absolutive morphosyntactic alignment. Ituyagul nouns belong to one of 55 classes, each with a specific prefix with which the verb or an accompanying adjective agrees. The verb agrees with all arguments.

Nouns and verbs conjugate for 6 genders, 4 persons, 37 moods, 20 aspects, and 151 cases. Like most East Asian languages, classifiers are used.

Word order
Ituyagul sentences have a verb-subject-object (VSO) word order, like most languages in the world. Word order is determined by syntactic roles and pragmatic factors. Word order is consistently right-branching.

The four parts that a sentence usually contains are topic, focus, verb and the rest; however, any of the four parts may be empty. The topic and the rest may contain any number of phrases, but the focus may contain only one phrase.

Root and stem formation
The roots of nouns and verbs are a sequence of two or three consonants or radicals, as in the Semitic languages. Words are formed by combining roots and vowels, which go with a morphological category between the root consonants. In this case, tranfixes in nouns indicate morphosyntatic case, while those in verbs indicate causativity.

Parts of speech
Ituyagul distinguishes the following parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, interjection, numeral, article, and determiner.

Root classes
There are 11 classes of roots: nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, agent nouns, adjectival nouns, verbal nouns, attributive verbs, nominal verbs, transgressive verbs, and nominalized adjectives.

Phonological shape of roots
In this table below, C represents a consonant, while T represents a vocal transfix.

Example
The native name, Ryıtz̠iaq (rjɯtʐiaq), is a formative of the root rj-t, meaning 'to say', through the addition of several morphological determinants: rjɯtʐiaq
 * The -ɯ- vocalic transfix
 * ɯ is a transfix used for action verbs, signifying that speaking is an action.


 * The -ʐ suffix
 * ʐ is the delimitative present aspect, meaning it could be done infinitely.


 * The -i marker
 * i is a nominalizing suffix. The suffix is used to signify nominalization of said verb or adjective.


 * The -a article
 * a is the definite article of a noun (corresponding to the), meaning the language is a specific entity.


 * The -q number
 * q is the superplural number, meaning the noun (language) is composed of a vast number of words.