Rangyayo/Learning/Grammar/Basic

=Basic Grammatical Structures=

This section primarily covers all the parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. It will also describe how to integrate the various parts of speech into a coherent sentence by using particles. By the end of this section, you should have an understanding of how basic sentences are constructed.

Declaring something is so and so using rü 르
Vocabulary
 * 1) person
 * 2) student
 * 3) healthy

There is no verb for the state-of-being like the verb "to be" in English. You can, however, declare what something is by attaching rü 르 to a noun or adjective only. (We will learn about adjectives in the section on adjectives later.)

Examples oro rü Is person. hoksang rü Is student. ongki rü Is healthy.
 * 人르.
 * 1) 学生르.
 * 1) 健기르.

Conjugating to the negative state-of-being
Vocabulary
 * 1) friend

In Rangyan, negative, past and future tenses are all expressed by conjugation. We can conjugate rü 르 to either its negative, past or future tense to say A is not B; A was B; or A will be B. This may be a bit hard to grasp at first but all these state-of-being conjugations are regular.

First, for the negative, embed -om- in rü to yield  r -om- ü > romü 로므.

Example hoksang rü > hoksang romü Is student > Is not student. eke rü > eke romü Is friend > Is not friend. ongki rü > ongki romü Is healthy > Is not healthy.
 * 1) 学生르. > 学生로므.
 * 1) 友르. > 友로므.
 * 1) 健기르. > 健기로므.

Conjugating to the past state-of-being
We will now learn the past tense of the state-of-being. To say something was something, attach ruwei 루웨 (from rü with ü replaced by uwei) to the noun or adjective.

Example hoksang rü > hoksang ruwei Is student > Was student. eke rü > eke ruwei Is friend > Was friend. ongki rü > ongki ruwei Is healthy > Was healthy.
 * 1) 学生르. > 学生루웨.
 * 1) 友르. > 友루웨.
 * 1) 健기르. > 健기루웨.

In order to say the negative past (was not), embed -om- in ruwei to yield the negative past tense  r -om- uwei > romuwei 로무웨.

Example hoksang ruwei > hoksang romuwei Was student > Was not student. eke ruwei > eke romuwei Was friend > Was not friend. ongki ruwei > ongki romuwei Was healthy > Was not healthy.
 * 1) 学生루웨. > 学生로무웨.
 * 1) 友루웨. > 友로무웨.
 * 1) 健기루웨. > 健기로무웨.

Conjugation summary
We've now learned how to express state-of-being in all six different situations. Next we will learn some particles, which will allow us assign roles to words. Here is a summary chart of the conjugations we learned in this section.

Adverbs and Sentence-ending particles
=See also=