Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang with Spanish and Romanian influences in terms of making the phonology. The grammar is aimed to reflect the French method. It is set in rural Switzerland where is takes many German influences (with loans coming in from Old High German).

'''Constantly in development. It may change significantly. '''

Consonants
Any consonant may be geminate except {ŋ z j}

Vowel
All vowels are long in closed syllables

Stress

 * Bisyllabic - ultimate
 * Bisyllabic, initial closed - penultimate
 * Multisyllabic, open - penultimate
 * Multisyllabic, near-penult closed - on the closed syllable
 * Ending in [CVn], [j_] - ultimate

Alphabet
{B D G S Z V W} are devoiced finally 1 - Before a vowel 2 - After a vowel 3 - Intervocalically 4 - Open, unstressed 5 - Before I, J, E 6 - unstressed, open, initial/final syllable; not before a vowel

Digraphs and Diacritics Stress
 * Gni gni - [ɲːj]
 * Lli lli - [ʎːj]
 * Jl jl - [ʎ]
 * Gn gn - [ɲ]
 * Ss ss - [sː]
 * Sc sc, Sch sch - [ʃː]; sc before A, O, U, or Y and sch before I, E, J, or nothing
 * Ps ps - [s]
 * double written = geminate
 * À à - [ɪ], [ə] finally/initially
 * È è - [ə]
 * Ù ù - [ʊ]
 * Ii ii - [ɪi]
 * Ai ai - [ɛ]
 * Ei ei - [ɛ]
 * Au au - [aʊ]
 * Ô ô - [ɒ]
 * On on, En en, An an - {ɔ̃ ɛ̃ ã} or {ɔ̃n ɛ̃n ãn} intervocalically
 * Ch ch, Gh gh - [k], [g] before I, J, E
 * Cj cj, Gj gj - [ts], [dʒ] before anything but {i j}
 * _h - long vowel by making a pseudo-closed syllable

The written stress is put penultimate with an acute put when it is not.

Verbial
Example verbs: dāre, vidēre, facere, dīcere, esse, habēre, venīre, agere, iubere, crēdere, dēbēre, vīvere, amāre

Introduction
Verbs are conjugated to tense (present, imperfect, future, conditional, imperitive), mood (indicative, subjunctive), person (first, second, third), number (singular, plural), and voice (active, passive). Aspect is expressed paraphrastically where is combined with tense (perfect, pluperfect, conditional perfect). Lexically, verbs are represented with two parts: the infinitive and the past participle (ie. "to love" is avai, avat).


 * Explination of Forms

The present tense describes an event currently going on: it has a continual aspect to it. It can also be described as non-past as it is also used for events someone is about to or is going to do promptly/shortly. The imperfect is for events in the past that carry a habitual and progressive aspect. It is also used to describe a person's feelings, physical features, and background. The perfect is an event that has been completed and done by the moment of reference. The pluperfect is an event that had been completed in past by the moment of reference of an event already in the past. The future is an event in the future, but not the direct or close future (where the present is used). The conditional is an advanced form of the future where a possible future is dipicted from the past. The conditional perfect is a possible future in the past in relation to an event already in the past. The composed imperfect is the same as the imperfect but the event is assumed to be habitual and finished by the present; it often relates to actions.

The present participle acts as the gerund/supine. The past participle is mainly grammatical in use, but it can also act as a "past gerund" (as in, " having heard something, he fled the site of the crime"). The perfect passive participle is used for adjectives and as a gerund only in transitive verbs. The perfect passive participle is also used for "passive gerunds" (as in, " being loved, he lead a happy life").

Passive

The

Person/Number

History

The future was developed from the old paraphrastic phrase of infinitive + habēre where they coalesced to become the future tense (only in the indicative). The perfects were replaced by the paraphrastic of habēre + past participle (habēre being in the preset or imperfect for the perfect and pluperfect respectivally). The subjunctive follows this same principle in the perfect. The conditional has the same origin as the future, but habēre is in the subjunctive imperfect tense (the conditional perfect is formed with aí, aít in the conditional and the past pariticiple). The present participle is directly from the latin present participle, but the past is from the Latin accusative supine and the perfect passive is from perfect passive infinitive. The composed imperfect ultimately came from the loss of distinction between the present and imperfect. It is formed with fizí, faccu and the past pariticiple.

Paraphrastic Phrases
 * Perfect: aí, aít present + past pariticple
 * Pluperfect: aí, aít imperfect + past pariticple
 * Subjunctive Perfect: aí, aít subjunctive present + past participle
 * Subjunctive Pluperfect: aí, aít subjunctive imperfect + past participle
 * Conditional Perfect: aí, aít conditional + past participle
 * Composed Imperfect: fizí, faccu present + past participle

Irregulars: to have, to do, to be
To Have Aí [aˈi] - to have To Do Fizí [fɪˈd͡zi] - to do, to make, to create, to construct, to produce

To Be Sej [sɛj] - to be, to exist as

To Be/Feel Staj [staj] - to be, to feel

A-Stem
Regular Avaj [əˈvaj] - to love, to like Monosyllabic Daj [daj] - to give, to gift

Sound Changes
Legend:  V = vowel | C = consonant | I = {i j}, palatalized consonant | N = {m n ŋ} | acute/grave = stressed / unstressed | O = open syllable | Ɵ = closed syllable | $ = syllable | Ọ̇ = before or after | A = alveolar | V = velar | Ob = obstruent | F = fricative

/e o eʲ oʲ/ will equal [ɛ ɔ e o] respectivally --Grammar: Loss of passive. Replaced by intransitive verb and prepositional phrase. Futher explained in Verbs. Regularization of most nouns except common ones. Form simplification and moderate regularization of verbs. Deponent verbs from latin become active, but required to be reflexive. --Sound Changes: h > ∅ V: > V y > u w > v / V_V V̀ > ∅ / intertonic ∅ > n / _F if the following syllable ends in [n] {ɪ eʲ}, {ʊ oʲ} > i , u ; V̀ > ∅ / #_CC aɪ > i {s t m} > ∅ / _# V{n m} > Ṽ ! _#, _N , _V {k g} > {ts dʒ} / _{i e} s > z / V_V IC, CI > ICʲ CʲI ps > s pt > t: sts > s: ŋn > ɲ: / V_V ! _i > nʲ: sk, ks > ʃ: kt > tʲ: s > z / _#, V_V -new stress- t > ts / _I r > ∅ / _#, V_V̀ V{i e} > Vj {e o} > {i u} / _# Ve > Vj ; Vé > Ví Cʲ > Cj ! _i, _# {p t k t͡s} > {b d g d͡z} / V_V̀ a > e / Ọ̇I ! $́ tʲ > ts / _# j > ʝ / #_V lj > ʎ: ; l > ʎ / I_# nʲ > ɲ ! _# > n ts > s: / $̀_#, #_ {b d g d͡z} > {v ð ʒ z} / V_V {l r} > ∅ / V_V̀ {i a e} > ɪ / #Ò ; {o u} > ʊ / #Ò ; {a e} > ə / ( ( Ò_#, Ò#_ ) ! _C ) ʝ > ʒ {in ĩn} > {eɲ ẽɲ} ; ũn > ɔ̃n ɲ > ( n / _A ), ( ŋ / _V ) ! _j {nr lr rl} > r: e > je / #_, Ɵ́ o > ɒ / #_, Ɵ́ V̀ > ∅ / _# ! bisyllabic, post-stress èr > ɪi ; ér > jar r > ∅ / _# o > u / $̀ Cw > C z > dz / $́_, #_ i > ɪi / _#, ̩O ù > ∅ / _# Cʲ > C {t d j} > ∅ / _# {v ð} > ∅ / V_V {s z d͡z t͡s t d} > {ʃ ʒ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ} / _jV {ɔu ɪV èV ʏ Və à{ɪ j e}V au} > {u: jV jV ʊ V jV ɔ} m > v / V_V ð > d aì > ɪi C [+voice] > C [-voice] / Ob V́ > V: / Ɵ ! intertonic, nasal , _C: --New Stress Stress is moved from the penultimate or antepenultimate to another in various situations: •Bisyllabic - ultimate •Bisyllabic, initial closed - penultimate •Multisyllabic, open - penultimate •Multisyllabic, near-penult closed - on the closed syllable •Ending in [CVn], [j_] - ultimate prepositions and articles are intrinsically unstressed tɔtu ɔmnɛs naskunt libɛri ɛt parɛs diŋnitat ɛt jurɛ, sunt da ratjɔnis ɛt kɔnskjɛntjaı, ɛt adʒɛndu ıntɛr spiritu dɛ fratɛrnitat

tɔtu ɔmnɛ naskun liberi ɛ parɛ diŋnita ɛ jurɛ, sun da ratjɔni ɛ kɔnstsjɛ̃ti, ɛ adʒɛndu intɛr spiritu dɛ fratɛrnita

tɔtu ɔmnɛ naʃːun libɛj ɛ paj dinːʲita ɛ juj, sun da ratsjɔnʲi ɛ kɔ̃sːjɛ̃tʲ, ɛ adʒɛ̃du ĩtɛ spʲirʲitu dɛ fratɛrnʲitʲa

tɔdu ɔmnɛ naʃːun libɛj ɛ paj in dʲinʲitjɛ ɛ ʝu, sun dɛ ratsjɔnʲi ɛ kɔ̃sːjɛ̃ts, ɛ adʒɛ̃du in spʲirʲitju dɛ fratɛrnʲitjɛ

tu: ɒ́mnɪi naʃːún ljɛ́ jɛ pa jɛn dʲɪnɪitjɛ́ jɛ ʒu, zún dɛ ratsjɔ́n jɛ kɔ̃sːjɛ̃s, jɛ adʒɛ̃ jɛn spʲirʲit dɛ frɪtaːrnɪitjɛ́

tou hômnii nascun lié ie pa ien dinitié ie ju, sun de ración ie conssiéns, ie agen ie spirit de fritarniitié

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