Ragusian

Ragusian (ragusina [ragu'zina] or lingua ragusina [ˈliŋɡwa ragu'zina]) is a Italo-Dalmatian Romance language of the Indo-European language family. It is an official language in Ragusa and Croatia. It has an official minority status in Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Italy, and Albania. Ragusian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. Many speakers of Ragusian are native bilinguals of both Ragusian and their local regional languages.

Vowels
1Allophonic sound

Articles
1 j' when the following noun begins with a vowel (e.g., j'invern d'Itaglia "Italian winters")

Future tense
The future tense is created using an analytic clitic, giua, which is a second-position clitic (see Wackernagel's Law).

Perfect
The preterite (more often called the past perfect or, in Ragusian, the historical past) is formed with the hâ verb, meaning to have.

Loss of the Infinitive
The use of the infinitive (common in other languages related to some of the Balkan languages, such as Romance and Slavic) is generally replaced with subjunctive constructions, following early Greek innovation.

Pronouns
1 j' when the following noun begins with a vowel (e.g., j'aneme "their souls")