Nāmic/Copulae

< Nāmaς In Nāmaς, there are four copulas, or rather two copula with both an intransitive and a transitive form. I Nāmaς they class as the same verbs, but in English, they represent four very different meanings. In Nāmaς the copula "ioς" [ˈɪ.ɔs] is intresting, since it got a reversed transitivity formation, where the apophony dictates "ėoς > ioς", rather than "ioς > ėoς".

Copula
A copula, or linking verb in layman's terms, connects and indicates equivalence between subject and and object, as well as linking attributes, for example identity: Attributive objects: Predicative attributes:
 * "I only want to be myself."
 * "When the area behind the dam fills, it will be a lake."
 * "The Morning Star is the Evening Star."
 * "Boys will be boys."
 * "She could be a nurse."
 * "Dogs are canines."
 * "Moscow is a large city."


 * "It hurts to be blue."


 * "Will that house be big enough?"


 * "The hen is next to the cockerel."


 * "I am confused."

Indicative Intransitive
This conjugation is similar in meaning with the English verb "to exist", as well as "to be", the basis is that it can't carry an object, therefore it could represent both copulative and non-copulative uses. Above all, it's important to remember that the copula - similarly to other constructed languages, in particular - is irregular. There's no distinction between perfective and the imperfective aspect.

Copulative: Non-copulative:
 * "He is jealous"
 * "We are here"
 * "I think, therefore I am"

Indicative Transitive
The indicative transitive forms the verb from reverse vowel apophony: "ioς > ėoς". This formation distinguishes between mood in the second person - irregularly, however. Ėoς reponds to the English copulative verb "to be", where indentity and similarity is connected by the copula:
 * "He is a police officer"
 * "We are idiots"