Loroe

History of Loroe
Loroe is a language spoken in the Land of Lóro, one of the biggest regions of the Eastern Lands. Some historians believe Loroe was the fist spoken language to be written down with a precise grammar; unfortunately, we lost a lot of information about early Loroe during the Storming of the Hall of Dusk, during which a lot of old documents were burnt: this is the main reason we are not able to say when it was born. It later became one of the most common languages in the Eastern Lands, due to the important commercial role of the Land of Lóro.

Classification and Dialects
There is a "pure" Loroe language which is the one spoken in Arrah, the capital city of the Land of Lóro, even though there are some differences between the Loroe spoken by rich people and the lower class.Loroe has spread in all the Eastern Lands during the time, due to the central role of the Land of Lóro in commerce and each region has its own version or "dialect": the most important are the northern dialect and that of one of the islands

Alphabet
The following tables include the IPAs for all the alphabets in Loroe.

Consonants
Loroe has N consonants:

 There are 17 consonants (but 2 of them are considered quasi-consonants, see below), starting from which is possible to create syllables.

Vowels
There are 7 vowels in the Loroe language. Note that e and ɛ are considered different vowels, as u and y. Diphtongs can be considered as "vowel syllables", Sometimes, while inflecting nouns or adjectives, it can happen that two vowels are close. In these cases, if the two vowels are the same, we say that there is one long vowel.
 * Diphthongs
 * Long vowels

Writing system
 

Aspiration and palatalization
There are two more letter in Loroe which are considered neither consonant nor vowels (quasi-consonant): h and j.
 * Letter h, or sometimes ◌ʰ, is used to put aspiration after a vowel or a consonant. When not present, Loroe never aspirate.
 * Letter j, or sometimes ◌j, is used to palatize the preceeding consonant (or even a vowel). A palatized consonant must be treated as a single consonant, not as a consonantic group. Special cases are: njwich must be read as the spanish "ñ", tjwich sounds as "CIelo" in italian or more or less as english "CHurch", gjas in italian "maGgio".

The accent
--MUST BE COMPLETED--

Genders
In Loroe it's possible to find three different genders: male (M), female (F) and neutral (N).
 * Nouns can be M, F or N. Genders divide all nouns in four declensions: first for M nouns, second for F nouns, third for N nouns and the furth for special nouns.
 * Adjectives are represented by a root e.g. das- (red), which has no gender. A gender suffix can be added before inflecting the adjective: dase (F red), dasi (M red) and dasse (N red).
 * Verbs: like adjectives, they are represented by a root e.g. art- (to go) and during the conjugation we add suffixes which has defined gender: arta (I (M) go), artà (I (F) go). In this case neutral names conjugate according to M gender.
 * Articles, Pronouns.

Numbers
Loroe admits two main numbers singular and plural. Beyond this two, (only) nouns admit a third kind of number: the enumerative, which is used to define the exact number of something e.g. at (two), va (three), shal (house, F): shal (house, nominative singular), shalla (houses, nominative plural), at shalle (two houses), va shalle (three houses).

Cases
Loroe admits 7 cases
 * 1) Nominative is used as subject of transitive and intransitive verbs. It is rarely used as vocative case.
 * 2) Accusative is used as object of transitive verbs but also to express accusative time (e.g. multos annos in latin "for many yeas").
 * 3) Dative case is used also to express the object of passive verbs e.g. The apple is eaten by Alice.
 * 4) This case is used to express the position of a stationary object: inside something, on something but without moving, ...
 * 5) Other expressions are created starting from these cases.

Article
Loroe admits only a definite article, which is inflected though the various cases and can be M, F or N, singular and plural. Article can have two forms: the "normal one" and a prefix one

E.g.

Masculine The same phrases using prefix articles:
 * 1) Singular: E-gar "the sword", Ka-zam i vat ta gara "My friend buys the sword",  Ka-zam i est tes rors "My fiend walks in the darkness". 
 * 2) Plural: È-garri "the swords", Ka-zam i vat atta  garra "My friend buys the swords",  Ka-zam i est attes rorsi "My fiend walks in the darkness". 
 * 1) Singular: E-gar "the sword", Ka-zam i vat at-gara "My friend buys the sword",  Ka-zam i est es-rors "My friend walks in the darkness". 
 * 2) Plural: È-garri "the swords", Ka-zam i vat ta-garra "My friend buys the swords",  Ka-zam i est tes-rorsi "My fiend walks in the darkness". 

Classes
As said before, there are four class of nouns, due to their gender: M, F, N and (mixed). The final letter of a noun tells us the class it belongs to Nouns belonging to the N class are for example trees, animals (whose sex is not clear) and sacred things. Nouns belonging to the X class are for example all the colours when used as nouns e.g. the red, the yellow or verbs used as nouns.

First class nouns (M)
First class nouns are all nouns with a root ending in -s and -m. The vast majority of them are masculine nouns, but there are some exception (see below).

-r theme
As example it will be used the word gar- "sword". E.g. "My friend buys a sword" is "Ka-zam i vat gara", "My friend walks in darkness" is "Ka-zam i est rors