Domran

The Domran ['dɔm.ɹən] language (δόμρα ['dɔ̃.ra]) is a language spoken by the inhabitants of a small island group in the Mediterranian - roughly half-way between Italy and Greece.

Domran is a language isolate without any related languages, however, due to centuries of Greek and Roman influences, a large number of loan words from both of these languages have found their way into Domran.

Notable treats of the Domran language are its tripartite nature as well as its high level of (mostly fusional) inflections. The language is written using an adopted form of the Greek alphabet.

Monophthongs
The Domran vowel system consists of the 7 nasal vowels /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/ and the nasal vowel /ɔ̃:/. Additionally, Domran uses the oral vowel /y/ which was imported from Ancient Greek (and therefore is usually only found in Greek loan words as well as names).

All close vowels have near-close allophones which are used in closed syllables.

The vowels /ɛ e/ can be reduced to [ə] in unstressed syllables - the usual practice is to pronounce them "correctly" in word stems but to reduce them in inflectional endings.

Historically, both /ɔ/ and /o/ had nasal counterparts but over time, /õ/ has merged with /ɔ̃/, with both being pronounced [ɔ̃:]. It is the only true long vowel Domran has - all other vowels are usually short. The difference is still retained in spelling.

If the nasal vowel is followed by another vowel, an [m] is inserted between them. Additionally, the nasality can be dropped in this instance.

Vowel lenght is traditionally not phonemic. However, due to assimilation processes of the phoneme /x/, there are instances in which vowel length is contrastive.

Diphthongs
Domran has two sets of diphthongs: One set ends with [ɪ̯] and the other with [ʊ̯]. The oral vowels /a e i o u/ can form diphthongs; /i/ and /u/ can't form diphthongs with their respecting near-front allophones.

General
The nasal /n/ is pronounced [m] before bilabial plosives and [ŋ] before velar plosives.

The fricative /f/ is pronounced [v] between vowels as well as before a voiced consonant.

The fricative /x/ is pronounced [ç] when it neighbors a front vowel. If /x/ is between a front and non-front vowel, it is pronounced [x]. If /x/ is followed by a voiced consonant, it is either pronounced as [:], [ɪ̯] or [g].
 * [:] - if it would be pronounced [x] OR if it follows /i/ (all non-front vowels and /i/)
 * [ɪ̯] - if it follows any front vowel except /i/ (all front vowels except /i/)
 * [g] - if the preceding vowel can't be lenghtened nor form a diphthong with [ɪ̯] (the nasal vowel and all diphthongs)

Gemination
Due to assimilation, a number of consonant clusters are realized as geminated consonants.
 * /l/ and /r/ assimilate each other. The assimilation is regressive meaning that the second sound stays the same and the first one is assimilated
 * unvoiced plosives and their corresponding fricatives (only in this order) are realized as geminated fricatives

Stress
The primary stress is distributed according to the following priorities:
 * 1) Last nasal vowel in the word stem
 * 2) Last long vowel or diphthong in the word stem
 * 3) Last vowel of the word stem