Ginden-jaš

General information​
Ginden-jaš is a native language spoken on a island in North America. It is thought to be a language isolate, given that it bears no resemblance to any other known language, both in vocabulary and in grammar. It is a highly synthetic and agglutinating language, also showing features of polysynthetic languages, such as noun incorporation and massive information on the verb. There is a high number of both suffixes and preffixes, although it prefers postpositions and putting the modifiers before the head. Most locative information is guarded inside the verb, although the noun may receive a suffix denoting location, direction or origin. The word order is flexible. However, the speakers tend to place the most focused word on the begining of the sentence, making the verb generally the first word.

Stress
Stress in native words is always placed on the last syllable of the word. However, in recent loans, there have been occurences of the stress being put on other syllables.

Number
There is a distinction between singular and plural nouns, but this is mostly when there are more than two nouns in the same sentence. When there is only one, the information is already on the verb, so it is unnecessary to turn the noun into plural. There are two forms of the suffix: -ar, used when the word ends in a consonant; and -jar, used when the word ends in a vowel. The plural suffix always comes before the case suffixes.

There is also a sociative suffix: -man. It is attached to names and nouns denoting humans, meaning "the noun and their family/group/friends, etc."

Johnman = John and his friends/family

Smithman = The Smiths

Case
There are 16 grammatical cases in Ginden-jaš, showing different relations than merely "subject" and "object". These are:

Nominative
Used for subjects of finite sentences and for many postpositions.

Urbela ond khotez = The man sees the woman.

Ablative
It denotes origin, cause, material that the noun is made of, among others.

Vajume Kanadalan = I come from Canada

Irqhárnok nimedar derlan = My eyes hurt because of the light

Sa pope plastiklan = This doll is made of plastic

Acusative
Used for direct objects of many verbs and in some time expressions.

Urbela ond khotez = The man sees the woman.

Nidamere čokoladez = I ate chocolate

Nadakve na femez = I know that child

Jaleten vampir lymëz = Vampires drink blood