Severanian

Classification and Dialects
Severanian is spoken in Severania and is a South Slavic language having retained a lot of features of Old Church Slavonic, but it has been also partially influenced by Byzantine Greek.

Writing System

 * 1) Severanian like Bulgarian or Russian shows vowel reduction to a certain grade. If the letters A and E aren't stressed, the phoneme changes into /ɐ/, respectively /jɨ/
 * 2) In Severanian, palatalization might change the phoneme represented by some letters
 * 3) If followed by A, O, У or Ѹ, the letter Г must be pronounced as /h/
 * 4) If at final position of a word, the letter Л must be pronounced /w/
 * 5) The letter Ъ is at the end of every word ending with a consonant, but it may also be the ligant vowel /ɐ/ in a compound word or be in a word because of Severanian's historic spelling
 * 6) The letter Ѫ being pronounced the same way as the letter O is mainly maintained in grammatical endings for ethymological reasons
 * 7) The letter combination Чт is pronounced /ʃt/

Nouns
Nouns in Severanian may be in the singular, plural or countable form (having evolved from the dual of Old Church Slavonic). There are seven cases : nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, locative, instrumental and vocative. There are also three genders : masculine, feminine and neuter.

First Declension
The First Declension includes masculine nouns consisting of more than one syllable and ending in consonants.
 * Inanimate nouns keep the nominative form for the accusative case, e.g. : Четѫ романъ. (=I'm reading a novel. - and not : Четѫ  романa .)
 * Nouns ending in -iнъ lose their ending in the plural and countable form, e.g. : Полiтiчарi - вслужбы той гражданой. (=Politicians are at the citizens'  service. - and not : Полiтiчарi - вслужбы той  гражданiной .)

Second Declension
The Second Declension includes masculine nouns being monosyllabic or ending in a vowel.
 * Monosyllabic nouns ending in a soft stem (царь, конь, краль, пать, гледь and сонь) follow the pattern of the First Declension for the plural, e.g. : Вisямъ конi. (=I see horses. - and not : Вisямъ  коновѣ . ; note also that the palatalization must be dropped here)

Third Declension
The Third Declension (also called the a-Declension) includes all feminine nouns ending in -a in the nominative singular.
 * Here, palatalization (if not already marked by a letter like Ѣ), as in nouns like кухня (=kitchen), stays in placed and must be marked (except for the letters Ы and Ѫ), e.g. : кухньою, кухньо, кухнямъ... (but : кухны, кухнѫ...)

Fourth Declension
The Fourth Declension includes all the feminine nouns ending in a soft stem.

Fifth Declension
The Fifth Declension (also called the o-Declension) includes all the neuter nouns ending in -o.

Sixth Declension
The Sixth Declension (also called the e-Declension) includes all the neuter nouns ending in -e.
 * The stem of the nouns belonging to this declension is highly variable, e.g. : море - моретю, врѣме - врѣменю... ; they must be learned by heart

Function of the cases

 * Nominative : it is the case of the subject or of something predicated to the subject, e.g. : Iванъ дава даръ тѣ съпручкѣ Владiмiра. (=Ivan is giving a gift to Vladimir's wife. - subject) ; Iванъ - тот съпругъ Яны. (=Ivan is Yana's husband. - predicated to the subject)
 * Accusative : it is the case of the direct object or of the motion towards something, e.g. : Iванъ дава даръ тѣ съпручкѣ Владiмiра. (=Ivan is giving a gift to Vladimir's wife. - direct object) ; Iжям Амерiкѫ. (=I'm going to America. - motion towards)
 * Dative : it is the case of the indirect object, e.g. : Iванъ дава даръ тѣ съпручкѣ Владiмiра. (=Ivan is giving a gift to Vladimir's wife. - indirect object)
 * Genitive : it is the case indicating possession, e.g. : Iванъ дава даръ тѣ съпручкѣ Владiмiра. (=Ivan is giving a gift to Vladimir's wife. - possession)
 * Locative : it is the case indicating location, e.g. : Я - Амерiкѣмъ. (=I'm in America. - location)
 * Instrumental : it is the case of the instrumental object to an action, e.g. : Пышѫ пысмо черушкою. (=I'm writing a letter with a pen. - instrumental object)
 * Vocative : it is the case of exclamations, e.g. : Владiмiрѣ, дѣ - ты? (=Vladimir, where are you? - exclamation)

Lexicon
The lexical similarity of the listed words to the South Slavic languages :
 * Bulgarian : 90,3%
 * Serbo-Croatian : 87%
 * Slovenian : 80,6%