Pd+j

Pd+j, usually known as Pd{++j, is a jokelang created by ICantEdit. It features a ridiculous phonology as well as equally strange grammar. Pd{+j is not part of the Pencilcosmos, and is a standalone project.

Some notable features of Pd{++j are its very unorthodox method of determining case, how adjectives can be encoded within the phonetic properties of the noun stem, and how all roots start as nouns.

Classification and Dialects
Pd{+j can best be described as extremely polysynthetic. The language has no dialects.

Consonants
Every single consonant has their own labialized, palatalized, aspirated, lengthened, extra lengthened, and extra-extra lengthened forms.

Nouns
Nouns in Pd{++j are very strange. Instead of conventional case marking (e.g. usage of syntax, particles, or affixes), the consonant cluster after a noun stem determines what noun case it is (if the consonant cluster extends into another argument of the sentence or meets a vowel, it will end). Each consonant within the cluster has a specific "value"; their values will be listed below:

Stop/fricative: 1

Palatalized/labialized/lengthened/aspirated stop/fricative: 1.5

Approximant: 0.5

Extra-lengthened stop/fricative: 2

Extra-extra lengthened stop/fricative: 2.5

Palatalized and aspirated stop/fricative and labialized and aspirated stop/fricative: 2

The corresponding noun cases are:

2 = nominative

2.5 = reflexive (reflexive can also be created by lengthening the stem of the noun and adding the copula, also obtaining a value of 2.5)

3 = accusative

4 = genitive

4.5 = both genitive and locative, can signify inalienable possession

5 = locative

6 = dative

7 = allative

8 = ablative

{, ., +, and ,
If the case is not correct, "{" will be added after the cluster and the value will be adjusted via "+", ".", and ",".

+ increases the value of the cluster by 1.

, decreases the value of the cluster by 1.

. decreases the value of the cluster by 0.5.

The operations are performed from left to right, although it can technically be in any direction due to the writing direction not being specified well.

Special Markers
Phonetic properties of roots can determine their qualities. They are:

Voiced sounds are generally considered to be living.

Stops are considered to be solid and hard to change.

Fricatives are considered to be easily changed/altered, and also are liquid.

Approximants are considered to be gaseous and more abstract.

Verbs
Verbs and adjectives are not distinguished in Pd{++j.

Verbs take on tenses as well as a wide variety of moods, although only 2 aspects are distinguished (imperfective and perfective).

All verbs take an default ending (-q).

There is a special affix (l) which can be appended to a verb to show that it does not occur frequently (typically only in one instance), which can be used to negate habitual as well.

The future tense can sometimes be created by negating the perfective aspect.