Old Shax

General Information
This is a Romance Language spoken in the country of Shaxió. Shaxió is a country that contains real modern day Ukrainian regions of Crimea, Sevastopol, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Odesa, and the country of Moldova. It has Ukrainian and Romanian as minority languages, but only Shax and Russian are official languages (Russian must learned as a second language; it is used to facilitate communication between the non-Shax populace). Shax has heavy influence from Russian, as Russian is the "cool, modern language". It is important to note that the populace here went through a period of heavy emphasis on education, particularly on Classical Latin and Greek; from this the Shax language emerged more from the Latin language, retaining the Neuter gender, and it contains more agglutination from Greek.

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Sound Changes
In order. Antiquity Latin > Vulgar Latin > Eastern Romance > Daco-Romance > Slavo-Romance > Proto-Shax > Shax

Vulgar Latin
note: C = consonant, V = vowel, L = liquid, ´ = stressed vowel, ` = unstressed vowel

Vowels
ɛ > ɛ

eː > e

ɪ > e

iː > i

ɔ > ɔ

oː > o

ʊ > o

uː > u

a > a

aː > a

ʏ > ɪ

yː > i

Diphthongs
ɑe̯ > ɛ

oe̯ > e

au̯ > ɔ

ou̯ > u

Consonants
h > ∅

w > β

b > β/V, L_V, L

m, n > ∅/_#

n > ∅/_(f, v, s, z)

pʰ > f

tʰ > θ

kʰ > x

Semi-Vowels
(e, i) > j/_V

u > w/_V

Lexicon

 * Addition of non-Classic vocabulary from Vulgar Latin

Palatalization

 * k > tʃ/_(i, e, ɪ)
 * g > dʒ/_(i, e, ɪ)

Consonants

 * Plosives remained voiceless intervocalically

Lexicon

 * Greek lexical influence is found in legal and governence, medicine, and education.
 * Mongolic/Turkic lexical is found in war, descriptions of savagery, and profanity.
 * Addition of common words, from Vulgar Latin and Slavic languages, and proper words, from Classic Latin and Greek.

Vowels

 * ɛ > ɛ
 * ɛ́ > je
 * e > e
 * e > ə/(b, p, m)_
 * ɔ > ɔ
 * o > ɔ
 * ò > ʊ
 * i > i
 * ɪ > e
 * u > u
 * a > a
 * à > ə
 * ə > e/(tʃ, dʒ, j)_

Consonants
Slavo-Romance
 * Labiovelars
 * kʷ > k/(i, e)_ > tʃ
 * gʷ > g/(i, e)_ > dʒ
 * kʷ > k
 * gʷ > g
 * k, g > p, b/ə
 * velar > bilabial/alveolar plosive_
 * Finals
 * m, n, s, z > ∅/_#
 * t, d > n/_#
 * p, b > m/_#
 * k, g > ŋ/_#
 * l > j/_#
 * l > r/V_V
 * Palatalization
 * s > ʃ/_(i, e)
 * z > ʒ/_(i, e)
 * t > ts/_(i, e)
 * d > dz/_(i, e)
 * k > tʃ/_(i, e)
 * g > dʒ/_(i, e)
 * l > ʎ/_(i, e)

Vowel

 * ɛ > ɛ̝
 * è > ɪ
 * é > ɨ
 * i > i
 * ɔ > ɔ̝
 * ú > u
 * ù > ʊ
 * u > ju/(v, n, d)_
 * ʊ > o
 * a > a
 * ə > ɨ/(m, n, t, l, j)_
 * ə > ∅

Consonant

 * Final devoicing
 * j > ◌ʲ/_(i, ɪ, ɨ)

Lexicon

 * Major addition of Russo-Ukrainian vocabulary. This addition goes mainly to common words and food.

Vowel
No Change

Consonant

 * Depalatalization of of phonemes
 * Palatalization
 * t > ts/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * d > dz/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * s > ʃ/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * z > ʒ/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * k > tʃ/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * g > dʒ/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * n > ɲ/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * l > ʎ/(i, ɪ, ɨ)_
 * ʎ > j
 * simplification of affricates to fricatives except [t͡s]

Shax
There may be more for some words.

Vowel

 * ò > oø̯/_(m, n, t, d)#
 * ɛ̝̀ > eɨ̟̯/_(m, n, t, d)#
 * à > aə̯/_(m, p, t)#

Consonant

 * Removal of all labialization
 * initial voiceless plosive lenition
 * p > f
 * t > θ
 * k > x
 * Voiced intervocalic lenition
 * b > v
 * d > ð
 * g > ɣ
 * t, g > h/_#
 * d > z/_#
 * x > h/#_, _#

Information
Nouns are almost completely regular, with some exceptions.

Plural
Nouns' plural comes from the dative/genitive declination of Latin, but this means only that the noun is plural and is irrelavent of the case.

Articles and Case
The case is one of two things represented solely through articles: the nominative, the oblique, and the ablative. The Shax nominative is used when the noun is nominative, vocative, or prepositional. The Shax oblique is used when the noun is accusative, or dative. The Shax ablative is used when the noun is ablative, insturmental, or locative. The other is grammatical gender.

Genitive Case
The genitive case is special in Shax. The genitive retains as a full declension: as in the noun declines, with a suffix, to the genitive in the singular and plural with all genders. The article for genitive nouns is the zero article as the other articles, shown above, do not support the genitive. In Shax, the genitive has its own clause, the "genitive clause". The structure of which is as shown: genitive noun/genitive subject pronoun + nominative noun.

Sandhi
The phoneme or word in parenthesis is the sandhi form of the word when it, if it ends in a vowel, precceeds a word that starts with a vowel.