Kalovanian

Phonotactics
Stress is non-phonemic and is on the first syllable of a word.

(C)(y)(V(V)(n), (C)(i,u)V(w,y,n, ng), VCV, (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C), CVCV

Pronouns- Kalovanian consists of the following 3 personal pronouns:
In order to make personal pronouns plural, simply add the suffix -ači to the end of the word. To express "we", "they(plural)",or "you(plural)", you will say Mūači, Sūači and Gūači.

Interrogative pronouns:

 * Ka - What
 * Kado- Who
 * Kade- Where
 * Kun- When
 * Kateri-Which
 * Kur/Kurtan- How
 * Kufur- Why

Demonstrative Pronouns:

 * Aketa- This, here
 * Akeš- That, those
 * Akedes- Over there

Nouns
Kalovanian has no grammatical gender, articles, or number; through demonstrative pronouns Akeš ("that, those") can often be translated as the equivalent of the word "the". The lack of number means there's no count or mass nouns. A small amount of nouns can be reduplicated to imply collectives of something rather than a plural.

Adjectives
Kalovanian adjectives can be made into adjectival verbs where negation and past tense can occur whilst allowing for sentence to end predicatively without the need of another "to be" verb. Here's an example using the adjective Fuma ("Hot, warm, spicy"):

Comparatives and Superlatives
Here's another example of the use of the adjective Fuma (hot, warm, spicy) but to express whether something is a little bit hot to way too insufferable:

Fuma (hot, warm, spicy)- Fuma ibu (hotter, warmer, spicier)- Fuma rumu (hottest, warmest, spiciest).

Ibu is used for the comparative and rumu is used for the superlative.

Verbs:
Kalovanian verbs are not conjugated due to person, gender, or number but rather by negation, past and present tense, imperative, passive voice, mood, causation, conditional, volition and aspect. The future is implied based on the context on of the sentence using the present tense. If you want to be more specific about the future, you can use timing words such as Māwō (tomorrow), Sēluča (Next year), etc. In order to express the gerund just use the present tense. Let's use the verb Kasuvā: To write, to take notes, to transcribe, to sign(ex: put your signature on a document), to draw, to paint, etc; as an example:


 * Present: Kasuvān
 * Present (Negative): Bukasuvā
 * Past: Vakasuvā
 * Past (Negative): Buvakasuvā
 * Conditional: Kasuiluvā
 * Potential: Kasuvākysä
 * Imperative: Kasuvānoi
 * Passive: Rankasuvā
 * Volition: Kasuvāžana
 * Causative: Sankasuvā

Cardinal numbers

 * 0. Bunu, Nulla
 * 1. Uva
 * 2. Sadu
 * 3. Tre
 * 4. Kuong
 * 5. Go
 * 6. Logu
 * 7. Fālonī
 * 8. Kuosa
 * 9. Lotre
 * 10. Uvabunu
 * 11. Uvauva
 * 12. Sadūva
 * 13. Treuva
 * 14. Kuonguva
 * 15. Gouva
 * 16. Logūva
 * 17. Fālonuva
 * 18. Kuosauva
 * 19. Lotreuva
 * 20. Sadubunu
 * 30. Trebunu
 * 40. Kuongabunu
 * 50. Gobunu
 * 60. Logubunu
 * 70. Fālonībunu
 * 80. Kuosabunu
 * 90. Lotrebunu
 * 100. Jato

Ordinal numbers

 * First- Rauva
 * Second- Rasadu
 * Third- Ratre
 * Fourth- Rakuong
 * Fifth- Rago
 * Sixth-Ralogu
 * Seventh-Rafālonī
 * Eighth- Rakuosa
 * Ninth- Ralotre
 * Tenth- Rauvabunu
 * Eleventh-Rauvauva
 * Twelfth- Rasadūva
 * Thirteenth- Ratreuva
 * Fourteenth- Rakuonguva
 * Fifthteenth- Ragouva
 * Sixteenth-Raloguva
 * Seventeenth-Rafālonuva
 * Eighteenth- Rakuosauva
 * Nineteenth-Ralotreuva
 * Twentieth-Rasadubunu
 * Thirtieth- Ratrebunu
 * Fortieth- Rakuongabunu
 * Fiftieth- Ragobunu
 * Sixtieth- Ralogubunu
 * Seventieth- Rafālonībunu
 * Eightieth- Rakuosabunu
 * Nintieth- Ralotrebunu
 * Hundredth- Rajato

Classifers
Kalovanian must use classifiers when counting nouns. The relevant classifier is chosen based on the shape and type of the noun, and combines with the numeral, occasionally adopting several forms.

Tužaka goruni- Five pencils [Pencil Five-CL] (Cylindrical objects)

Anžing trekuli- Three dogs[Dog Three-CL] (Small animals)

Wūlāmi kuongāmi- Four children [Child Four-CL] (People)

Kana trelimunezä- Three chickens [Chicken Three-CL] (Birds)

Jati trezō- Three Yachts [Yacht Three-CL] (Small Boats)

Guluna uvasuggi- One car [Car One-CL] (Mechanical objects)

Pelikarti saduvā- Two cards [Playing card Two-CL] (Flat objects)

Syntax
Kalovanian is an agglutinative language that follows a Subject-Object-Verb word order. Topic/Subject tends to be in the sentence-initial position and the verb is typically in a sentence-final position.

Basic Phrases
Mānu vama!- Good morning

Māruvepenū vama!- Good day/afternoon

Mārrō vama!- Good evening/night

Māloa!- Hello!/Goodbye!

Sū kurtan merasan?- How are you? (Lit: How are you feeling?)

Vama sū?- How's it going?/Wassup? (Lit: You good?)

Me sepu vama!- Thank you (lit: "With a good heart")

Pienikoto- You're welcome (lit: "It was a little thing")

_____ kade?- Where is____?

Mū Kālovā katan- I speak Kalovanian

Sū Kālovā katan bukata?- Do you speak Kalovanian (Lit: Do you speak don't speak Kalovanian?)

Pivo uvaugalemolu me sepu donanoi- One beer, please.

Mū ve sepu bumau merasanoi- I am sorry (an apology)

Sū nama donan ka?- What is your name?

Mū nama _____ donan- My name is_______

Sū ze terrāmimepī kateri venin?- Where are you from?

Mū ze _______venin- I am from_____

Sū me žikoto mepīdonan ka?- What do you do for work? (Lit: What are you giving life to your work?)

Sū me hima vamapelikoto pelin ka?- What do you like to do for fun?

Sū me kūapā ka?- Do you have pets?

Sū me vamapelikoto ka?- Do you have hobbies?

Mū Kālovā buvama katakysä|Mū Kālovā bumau katan- I don't speak Kalovanian well.

Sū kanō noronoro katakysä ka?- Can you speak more slowly?

Mū ke sū busabēkemū- I don't understand.

Sū_______katan?- Do you speak_________?

Tōi ipasopujesanoi!- Excuse me (as in please move out of my way)[Lit: Walk away!)

Aketa sū|Akedes sū!- Excuse me! (Getting someone's attention. If the person is close to you say "Aketa" and if they are further away from you say "Akedes"). (Lit: You here|You over there)

Example Text
Surafluiomōnoi: Kuan sū tēlo terratōigravan, vakuolla bluma salata abi buhō grava. Mū neuvoa ibu kusebluke me venin.

(Remember: When you bury a body, cover it with endangered plants so it's illegal to dig up. Follow me for more gardening tips.)

Gloss: Remember-imper: When you-2nd person sing- body- bury-present tense, past-die plant- to hide- so that- illegal- to dig up. I-1st person sing- piece of advice-more-garden- with-come-present tense.

IPA: /surafluiomo:noi kuan su: tɛ:lo ter:ato:igravan vakuol:a bluma salata abi buho: grava. mu: neu̯ʋoɑ ibu kusebluke mɛ vɛnin/

Kuan u žikoto kölanukoto ve sekasorto ale sū me mepīveāmi tōi ipasopujesan. Bubukuai ve mū

(When everything at work is falling apart but you've already clocked out for the day. Not my problem.)

Gloss: When-you sing-work-everything-in-to fall apart-but-you sing-with-home-head toward present. Neg Pre Present-Problem-in-I 1st pers sing.

IPA: /kuan u ʒikoto kølanukoto vɛ sɛkasorto alɛ su: mɛ mɛpi:vea:mi to:i ipasopujesan bubukuai vɛ mu:/

Sū som možanosti uvāmi budragaveniteni sutautua. Sū uaventeli- ketakutan burtenfur sabēkemū, vakuollāmi ze kasuvā, tatakaužanāmi.

(Don't let anyone treat you like an option. You're inevitable, an omen, a threat.)

Gloss: You 2nd pers sing- like-option-someone-allow neg present- to treat. You 2nd Pers sing-inevitable- horror-beyond-to understand, corpse-from-message-a threat (person).

IPA: /su: som moʒanosti uva:mi budragavɛnitɛni sutautua. su: uaventeli ketakutan burtenfur sabɛ:mu:. vakuol:a:mi zɛ tatakauʒana:mi/