Haġlsk

Haġlsk is a constructed language.

=Grammar= Haġlsk is an inflected language with four cases: nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. Haġlsk nouns can have one of three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine or neuter. Nouns, adjectives and pronouns are declined in four cases and two numbers, singular and plural.

Morphology
Nouns are declined for case, number and gender; adjectives for case, number, gender and comparison; and there are two declensions for adjectives, weak and strong. Verbs are conjugated for tense, mood, person, number and voice. There are two voices: active and passive. There are only two simple tenses, past and present, but to make up for that there are a number of auxiliary constructions.

Nouns
Haġlsk nouns decline in four cases (nominative, accusative, dative and genitive) and vary in gender (masculine, feminine or neuter) and number (singular and plural). Following are three examples of declension.
 * Masculine nouns often end in -ur or -un.
 * Feminine nouns often end in -a or -ing.
 * Neuter nouns usually have no ending.

Articles
Haġlsk does not have an indefinite article (a/an in English), and the definite article (the) is usually joined onto the end of word. The table below shows the different suffix forms for the three genders:

The example below shows three nouns, one for each respective gender, declined in the nominative:
 * masculine: hválur—“(a) whale” becomes hválurin—“the whale”
 * feminine: kluka—“(a) clock” becomes klukin—“the clock”
 * neuter: heimfangstfak—“(an) address” becomes heimfangstfakið—“the address”

Personal
The personal pronouns in Haġlsk are as follows: Haġlsk has separate masculine, feminine and neuter words for they; when talking about a group of mixed gender people or items, the neuter form is used.

Like English, the pronoun usually comes before the verb, as in the example below:
 * æg heita þurg hem—I have the same name like him

But the order of the sentence may be inverted. In this case the pronoun moves to the end of the sentence:
 * Þurg hem heita æg—Like him have the same name I

Reflexive
Haġlsk possesses a reflexive pronoun, functioning in much the same way as German sich. That is sig.
 * Hen vaskað sig.

In addition, -self could by add, to stress the action.
 * Hen vaskað sigself.

Possessive
The Haġlsk possessive pronouns for the respective grammatical persons are as follows, where the three columns for each person represent masculine, feminine and neuter genders respectively.

Demonstrative
The Haġlsk demonstrative pronouns are as follows, where the three columns for each person represent masculine, feminine and neuter genders respectively.

Indefinite
There are around fifteen to twenty of these, depending on who is counting. engin (nobody) is given below. It is inflected thus:

Numerals
The words for one to four are declined for the respective cases and genders:

Other numbers are as follows and not declined:

Adjectives
Adjectives themselves must agree with the gender and number of the nouns that they describe. For example, the word gamalt (old) agrees as follows:

In strong declension, for example:
 * Æg bya it gamaldu hús —I live in an old house 

Both gamaldu and hús are dative singular. In this case it is the preposition it which governs the case. (it can also take the accusative, but the distinction belongs to the syntax.) This is an example of strong declension of adjectives. If an adjective is modified by the article, or most pronouns, weak declension is used, for gamal it would be:

An example of weak declension:
 * Æg sjándi veikdu kvénin —I saw the sick woman 

Veikdu is the weak declension of veikt (sick) in the accusative singular. Kvéna is also accusative singular, but with the definite article attached (-in), and the article forces the adjective to be weak. Here the verb governs the case.

Of course adjectives also have comparison. Here are some examples.
 * Positive Degree (fágt, beautiful)
 * Comparative Degree:
 * Of superiority (fágart þæn, more beautiful than)
 * Of equality (us fágt hví, as beautiful as)
 * Of inferiority (unfágart þæn, less beautiful than)
 * Superlative Degree:
 * Relative Superlative
 * Of superiority (fágstt, the most beautiful)
 * Of inferiority (unfágstt, the least beautiful)
 * Absolute Superlative (fágurt, very beautiful)