Doudouling-2019

Idea
The main idea of my artificial language is to simplify Latin words into one optional consonant plus one vowel plus one optional nasal structure, namely (C-V-N) structure. That is because we think this structure is the best for singing. Also, it is required to avoid adding too many extra syllables. And the spelling should be very close to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). And the stress position should not impact the meaning of the word.

It is trade-off between two options

1) dropping the character not fit into the (C-V-N) structure, which will lose too much info, cause conflict and hard to remember; think about {extract} become {eta}.

2) padding vowels, which will cause too many syllables, and too many repetition of the padding vowel; think about {extract} become {ekusuturakutu}

So the way is to insert some weak syllables to compensate the information loss of the dropped sounds.

For example, {extract} => {e-k-str-a-k-t} => {edzahiijii} pronounced as [ɛ-'d͡zɑ-hi-i-ji-i]. The right-side {t} is dropped and compensated by {hi}; The right-side {k} is dropped and compensated by {i}; The {r} is dropped and compensated by {ji}; The left-side {k} is dropped and compensated by {i}.

History
The first version was published in 2004, and an updated version is published in 2014.

Version 2004

Version 2014

Version 2015

Version 2017

Version 2018

Version 2019

Design
Introduction

Principles: compress Latin words into {C-V-N} syllables

The main idea of my artificial language is to simplify Latin words into the structure of one optional consonant plus one vowel plus one optional {n} or {m}. That is because we think this structure is the best for singing. Also, it should avoid adding too many extra strong syllables. And the spelling should be very close to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). And the stress position should not impact the meaning of the word.

Step 1: simplify consonants and consonant clusters

Simplify consonants and consonant clusters to the consonants as below by the rules below.

Rules:


 * {sp} => {ts};
 * {st} => {dz};
 * {sc} {sk} => {dz} (via {sti-});
 * {pt} => {b};
 * {ph} => {f};
 * {w} => {v};
 * {th} => {t};
 * {c} ([s]), {x} (at the beginning of a word), {ch} ([ʃ]/[tʃ]), {ti} ([ʃ]) => {j};
 * {j}, {y} => {g} (via {gi-});
 * {q}, {c} ([k]), {ch} ([k]) => {k};
 * {r} => {w};

For some complex clusters, add an {e} to split them, such as {partner} and {investment}.

Step 2: simplify vowels and diphthongs

Simplify the vowels and diphthongs as rules below.

Rules:


 * {ao/oa} => {au} => {a};
 * {ae/ea} => {ai} => {e};
 * {ee} => {ei} => {i};
 * {oo} => {ou} => {o};
 * {oe/eo/eu} => {oi} => {u};

Convert vowel {y} to {i}; and drop some less important vowels.

Step 3: Compensate the lost sounds

If keeping only the consonant-vowel-nasal structure for each syllable, it often causes great loss of information and then create confusions. So we need to add some weak syllables between the last vowel and last nasal to compensate the lost sounds.

Rules:


 * Treat the final {m} as {n} with a lost {b}
 * If there is no dropping, compensate {u}
 * If If there is any dropping, add compensating letter combinations in the reverse order, according to the rule table as below.

Examples

The first column is Latin word. The second column is {CVN} structure after simplification. The third column is the sounds dropped. The fourth column is Doudouling word after compensation.

Examples:

Word choice

The Latin word we used are the words composed of Latin roots which appear in English.

Stress

The stress is at the last vowel.

Center of a phrase

When a center word of a phrase is a single-syllable {C-V-N} word, it sounds not strong enough. To make it sounds better phonetically, we add {u} before the vowel of the center word. Examples {with me} => {ve mi} => {ve mui}; {who is he} => {ki dze go} => {ke dzue go}; {for this} => {po ji} => {po jui}; {the two} => {la du} => {la duu};

Influence
Languages which have influence on this language include:


 * 1) Latin
 * 2) French
 * 3) English
 * 4) Spanish
 * 5) Portuguese
 * 6) Italian
 * 7) Chinese
 * 8) Japanese

Syllable structure
The allowed word structure is one or multiple consonant-vowel-nasal syllables with an optional silent ending consonant letter.

It can be express as a regular expression as below:

Mnemonic alphabet table
There is another alphabet layout table as below, which shows better the style of this language and help remembering them.

Grammar
Number is indicated by the article. For example: {la huvon} meaning {the man}, {le huvon} meaning {the men}.

Person can be indicated by pronoun suffixes. For example: {muwi mi} meaning {I see}, {fuwe lu} meaning {they do}.

Tenses and voices can be indicated by modal verbs. For example: {la dzudihin dzudui va} meaning {the student will study}, {le huvon duvowon ha} meaning {people slept}, {la pobuvowowen dze suvowo ti} meaning {the problem is solved}.

Accusative (subject) pronouns can be put in front the verb or after it. Dative pronouns can also be treated the same. For example: {se dihi mi} meaning {I say it}, {te se duon ha mi} meaning {I have given it to you}.

Person, tenses and voices can be indicated by chained suffixes, and also with accusative pronouns. For example: {te muwi va mi} meaning {I will see you}, {duon ti ha go la libuwe} meaning {He has been given the book}.

Dictionary
(TBD)

Swadesh List
The Doudouling-2018 column may contain both short form and long form of the same word.

Reflective introduction of Doudouling-2018
La intodujiejon Le pinjipuhowe: a kompijeje le vuvowe de Latuin ihen le silabuhowe {K-V-N} La ideua de ma liin atifijuhowa dze a simpifuhi le vuvowe de Latuin ihen la dzutuwoowu de u konsonihan obonuha ve u vovuhe ve u {n} o {m} obonuha. Dzue ho ba ke se pijen nu ke je dzutuwoowu dze la fo buon po a kihan. E, duve go a pevihejen a inkijeje dza miheju de le silabuhowe edzuwoa. E, la dzibuwowu duve dze miheju pijeejo a la Afabiheje Fonetii Intenajonuhuwowa (IPA). E, la posijuon de ajiheen ne duve a impihea la semihan de la vuvowe.

La fija uun mo: a simpifuhi le konsonihan e le kombinajuon de konsonihan Fe simpifuhi le konsonihan e le kombinajuon de konsonihan a le konsonihan infuwe pe le weguhu infuwe.

{b}	{p}	{ts}	{m}	{f}	{v} {d}	{t}	{dz}	{n}	{s}	{j} {g}	{k}		{h}	{w}	{l} Le weguhu

{sp} => {ts}; {st} => {dz}; {sc} {sk} => {dz} (via {sti-}); {pt} => {b}; {ph} => {f}; {w} => {v}; {th} => {t}; {c} ([s]), {x} (i la owiguin de u vuvowe), {ch} ([ʃ]/[tʃ]), {ti} ([ʃ]) => {j}; {j}, {y} => {g} (viua {gi-}); {q}, {c} ([k]), {ch} ([k]) => {k}; {r} => {w}; Po mu kombinajuon kompieji, puon u {e} a li sepawiha, ko {partner} e {investment}.

La fija duu mo: a simpifuhi le vovuhe e le ditieon Fe simpifuhi le vovuhe e le ditieon ko le weguhu infuwe.

Le weguhu

{ao/oa} => {au} => {a}; {ae/ea} => {ai} => {e}; {ee} => {ei} => {i}; {oo} => {ou} => {o}; {oe/eo/eu} => {oi} => {u}; Fe konviheje {y} a {i}; e wemuvo mu vovuhe de impotijejan muin.

La fija tuwi mo: a kompensiha le suon ke wemuvo ti Si tuen go suho le dzutuwoowu {K-V-N} po puwe silabuhowe, ve fekihejen kijeha go mu piheje gihejan de infomajuwon, e keiheja mu konfujuon. Da, kuwi nu a puon mu silabuhowe faguhowi ihan la vovuhe finuha, po kompensiha le suon ke piheje

Le weguhu Fe wegiheja la {m} finuha ko {n} ve u {b} ke piheje. Si nuhu wemuvo ti, kompensiha {u}. Si mu fua wemuvo ti, puon le kombinajuon de afabiheje po kompensiha i la oduwowe wevijeje, sekihen la tabuhe de weguhu infuwe. La sitajuon \ La suon piheje	{d}/{t}	{g}/{k}	{s}/{z}	{b}/{p}/{v}/{f}	{r}	{l}	{i}/{u}	{h}/{-}	{dz}	{ts} La kombinajuon uun mo	{ih}	{i}	{ij}	{uv}	{uw}	{uh}	{uf}	{u}	{idz}	{its} La kombinajuon duu mo, pidzo {e} {i}	{e}	{e}	{e}	{e}	{ej}	{ej}	{eh} La kombinajuon duu mo, pidzo {o} {u}	{o}	{o}	{o}	{o}	{ow}	{ow}	{oh} Le esampuhoe La koluvun uun mo dze la vuvowe de Latuin. La koluvun duu mo dze la dzutuwoowu {K-V-N} pidzo la simpifikajuhon. La koluvun tuwi mo dze le suon ke wemuvo ti. La koluvun kuwoa mo dze le vuvowe de Dodoliehehin pidzo la kompensajuon.

Le esampuhoe Latin	CVN	Dropped	Doudouling state	dza	t	dziha sper	tse	r	tsuwe sport	tso	r t	tsihejo science	dzien	j	dziijen photo	foto		fotuo wagon	vagon		vaguon cent	jen	t	jihen center	jente	r	jentuwe aqu	a	k	ia aquatic	akati	k	akatii question	kedzon		kedzuon tank	tan	k	tian xerox	jewo	k s	jewijeo chocolate	jokola	t	jokoliha just	gu	dz	gidzu adoption	adobon		adobuon train	ten	r i	tufowen tract	ta	r k t	tiheeja create	kea	r t	keiheja glad	ga	l d	giheja class	ka	l s	kijeja cause	ka	u s	kijeha daemon	demon	i	demufon coffee	kofi	f i	kofufoi moustache	modza	u j	modzijeha phoenix	funi	i k s	funijeehi phoenician	funijan	i	funijufan europe	uwo	i p	uwuvoho return	wetun	r	wetuwun depart	depa	r t	depiheja alt	a	l t	iheja art	a	r t	iheja arts	a	r t s	ijeeja culture	kutu	r l	kutuwowu court	ko	u r t	kihejeho cant	kan	t	kihan simple	simpe	l	simpuhe hom	hon	b	huvon autumn	atun	u b	atuvohun environment	enviwommen	t	enviwommihen fact	fa	k t	fihea experiment	etsewimen	k t	etsewimiheen sign	sin	g	siin dogmatic	domati	g k	domatiei construct	kondzu	r k t	kondziheeju verb	ve	r b	vuvowe partner	patene	r	patenuwowe investment	invedzemen	t	invedzemihen continue	kontinu		kontinuu Doudouling	dodolin	u u g	Dodoliehehin data	data		datua exact	esa	k k t	esiheea slave	sa	l v	suvowa salv	sa	l v	suvowa next	ne	k dz	nidzee La selejion de vuvowe Le vuvowe de Latuin ke utiliji nu dze de le wadijei de Latuin ke apuwohoe i Engijeji. La ajiheen La ajiheen dze su la vovuhe finuha.

La jentuwe de u fijeja Du la vuvowe jentewuha de u fijeja dze u vuvowe de silabuhowe singuluwa, sa suon nie fihejo sufijiheen. Po fuwe ke sa suon dze tse buon ve fonetii, puon nu u {u} ihan la vovuhe de la vuvowe jentewuha. Le esampuhoe {with me} => {ve mi} => {ve mui}; {who is he} => {ki dze go} => {ke dzue go}; {for this} => {po ji} => {po jui}; {the two} => {la du} => {la duu};