LNat'ie'

Overview

=Setting= =Basic Grammar = Lnatie is OVS, so Object – Verb – Subject, with all modifiers following the word they modify

Pronouns
*inclusive plural includes speaker and listener

Personal pronouns include, when needed, the verb to be : I am = O

Verbs
Verbal conjugations are done with infixes, added after the first consonant in the verb. The verb, gan, to see, will be used as an example. Perfect tenses, with conjugated versions of to have, are marked with an apostrophe, which represents a short stop in pronunciation.

*Long u sound with short stop

I see – gan o

I have seen – gu’an o

I saw – guan o

I had seen – guu’an o

I will see – gutan o

I will have seen – gutu’an o

Progressive verbs, uncompleted actions such as seeing, was seeing, etc, are denoted by the pronoun suffix of –tet which shows that the agent doing the action is still doing it.

I am seeing – gan otet

I have been seeing – gu’an otet

I was seeing – guan otet

I had been seeing – guu’an otet

I will be seeing – gutan otet

I will have been seeing – gutu’an otet

To make a verb negative, add the right word for no (ani or ni) as a suffix to the end of the verb. If the verb ends in a consonant, use –ani, if it ends in a verb, use –ni. The ani or ni will always take the stress. The verb to search, tori, will be used as an example.

I don’t see – ganani o

He isn’t searching – torini ietet

Direct Objects
Direct Objects of transitive verbs are in the accusative and are created by putting the acc. prefix ep- in front of the noun. Take the word book, get, for example. To say ‘I see the book’ you create the accusative book, epget (ep- + get) and then conjugate to see in the present, which is easy since it’s the base form of the verb, gan, then just add the agent of the verb, in this case the singular 1st person pronoun, o.

I see the/a book – epget gan o

I see you – epi gan o

He sees it – e gan ie *


 * if the direct object is the first word in the sentence, the ep- prefix is optional.

Indirect Objects
Indirect Objects are in the dative and are created by putting the dative prefix it- in front of the noun. As with direct objects, if it comes at the beginning of the sentence, actually using the prefix is optional. The indirect object will fall before the direct object.

Modifiers
Time Markers

Time markers that show when a sentence’s action takes places are placed at the very beginning of the sentence. Duration markers are put in the modifier spot, following the verb they modify.

Year – iwen

Next – sha

Previous – isa

Self (myself, yourself) – sek

2 – sewe

5 – sam

30 – ordi

To make – ser

Hour – tike

I looked for him for 5 hours – ie tuori tike sam o

Next year, I will be 5 years (old) – Iwen sha, iwen sam o

next year I will have making (this) movie for 30 years – Iwen sha, epoanter sutu'er iwen ordi otet

we haven't seen each other in 5 years! – oiensek gu'an'ani iwen sam oien

I will see you in 2 years – iwen sha sewe epi gutan o

I saw him last year – iwen isa epie guan o

To just say no, as in an interjection to state disbelief, or to negatively answer a question, say ania*

1: oiensek gu'an'ani iwen sam oien

2: Ania! iwen isa epi guan o!

Numbers
1- awe 11- disawe 100- odis

2- sewe 12- dishewe (ss= sh) 101- odisawe

3- or 13- disor 110- odisdis

4- pri 14- dipri (no sp sound) 125- odishewedisham

5- sam 15- disham

6- kot 20- sewedi

7- diet 21- sewedisawe

8- oin 30- ordi

9- semp 40- pridi

10- dis 99- sempdishemp

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