Aspenish

Aspenish (Aspenush; /'a:s.pɛ.ɲʊʃ/) is the native language of the Aspenish people and the official language of the Republic of Aspenia, an island nation in northern Europe, and one of languages of the Nordic Council.

General information
Aspenish is classified as a Middle Germanic language, the last surviving language of this branch. I has been significantly incluenced by both West and North Germanic langauges and slightly influenced by Insular Celtic, mostly Scottish Gaelic, and Romance languages, especially French through English and Dutch.

Dialects
There are twelve main dialects spoken in Aspenia. They are The formation of dialects is due to the influence of different languages in specific zones. Dialects typically differ in terms of inflectional morphology, vocabulary, and particle usage.
 * Apple dialect (Äplidjalekt; //),
 * Ash dialect (Askurdjalekt; //),
 * Cedar dialect (Zeetardjalekt; //),
 * Cherry dialect (Kirïzjadjalekt; //),
 * Elder dialect (本島方言; //),
 * Fir dialect (Daanedjalekt; //),
 * Mapple dialect (dukhyu pangyen; //),
 * Oak dialect (Ëikdjalekt; //),
 * Pear dialect (Piiradjalekt; //),
 * Pine dialect (Fürodjalekt; //),
 * Rowan dialect (Roondjalekt; //),
 * Spruce dialect (Guthadjalekt; //),
 * Wilow dialect (Sölsyedjalekt; //).

Regulation
The regulatory authority for the teaching of Aspenish is the National Academy of the Aspenish Language (Nasjonelu Akademi ev der Aspenushu Spöök; /nɑ.sjɔ'nɛ.lʊ ɑ.kɑ.dɛ'mi: ɛv dɛr ɑs'pɛ.nʊ.ʃʊ spø:k/) and carer body of the literary heritage in Aspenish is the National Institute of the Aspenish Literature (Nasionelu Instituut ev der Aspenushu Litaratüür; /nɑ.sjɔ'nɛ.lʊ ɪns.tɪ'tu:t ɛv dɛr ɑs'pɛ.nʊ.ʃʊ lɪ.tɛ.ɾɑ'ty:r/). Both are especial bodies of the Aspenish Ministry of Culture, Education and Sport (Aspenushu Ministaarje för Kultüür, Ontarvëisong ent Spoorten; /ɑs'pɛ.nʊ.ʃʊ mɪ.nɪs'ta:.ɾjɛ fœr kʊl'ty:r ɔn.tɑɾ'vʌɪ.sɔɲg ɛnt 'spo:ɾ.tɛn/).

Phonology
Aspenish has 33 consonant phonemes including allophones and 20 vowel phonemes, 10 long and 10 short. One of the most notorious charactaristics of Aspenish is the lack of affricates.

Consonants
The inventory of consonants in Aspendush is is similar to Germanic and Celtic languages. It has no clicks, ejectives nor implosives. The consonants are: 1/ɱ/ is the allophone of /m/ before labiodentals.

2/ŋ/ is the allophone of /n/ before velar plosives and fricatives.

3/r/ is the allophone of /ɾ/ at the beginning and the end of words.

4/ɦ/ is the allophone of /h/ voiced consonants.

Vowels
The inventory of vowels was anciently similar to the other North Germanic languages, but it was modified due to the influence of other Germanic and Celtic languages. Each of the 10 long vowels is phonetically paired with one of the 10 short vowels. The 20 vowels are:

Alphabet
The Aspenish alphabet uses a modified version of the Latin script:

Aa Ää Bb Dd Ee Ëë Ff Gg Hh Ii Ïï Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Öö Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Üü Vv Ww Zz

Cc, Qq and Xx only appear in foreing words, especially names. Yy also appears in foreing words and after alveolar consonants to form their palatal counterpart. For example, ty and dy are pronounced /c/ and /ɟ/ respectively, and so on. The vowels are doubled to lengthen them.

Phonotactics
The standard syllable structure is; Where (A) is a liquid consonant or a semivowel. There is consonant harmony according to the place of articulation when a syllable ends with a nasal or a liquid consonant (except fricatives and affricates) and the next syllable begins with a plosive or a fricative.

Grammare ver
Aspenish is a nominative–accusative language, morphologically agglutinative, flexive and uses several particles to determine the grammatical functions of the sentence elements.

World order
The basic word order in Aspendish is SVO in main clauses, SOV in relative clauses and VSO in questions and commands. However, as words are heavily inflected, the word order is fairly flexible and every combination may occur in poetry, i.e. SVO, SOV, VSO, VOS, OSV and OVS are all allowed for metrical purposes.

Cases, gender and number
Aspenish do not inflect in any case, articlles add an 'u' when they modify a noun and articles vary in the subjective and oblique case.

Words also vary in three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Inanimate nouns are arbitrarily distributed in these three genders; the animate, however, are declined in the masculine or feminine according to sex and neuter is used when the speaker doesn't know the gender of the being or if it's ambiguous, like the case of plants, some of which hermaphrodite.

Finally, wrords are divided in countable and uncountable nouns.The countable nouns vary in number following the singular-plural scheme.

Articles
One shared property with Germanic languages is the definiteness, which, in Aspenish, is marked by articles. They are put before nouns and are devided in definite and indefinite.

The definite article declines in case, gender and number. The indefinite article declines in case and gender in the singular number.

Nouns
Nouns have three grammatical genders: masculine (xxx), feminine (xxx) and neuter (xxx), Inanimate nouns gender is largely arbitrary and must be memorized. For example: don lägh (lake), dem kruuza (cross) and dar klane (clan). On the other hand, animate nouns add suffixes, '-ur' for masculine and '-in' for feminine. For example: kadjo cat of any gender, kadjur male cat and kadjin female cat.

Plural are formed depending on the procedence of the word root. Latin words form the plural adding an 's' ('is' after consonants). Germanic words form plural adding an 'n' ('en' after consonants) or an 'r' ('ar' after consonants).

Pronouns
The possessive adjectives are fomed by adding the article endings to the each possessive pronoun. For example, the possessives of the 3rd person singular neuter are: