Kostish

General Information
Efhonisk (Eng. Evanish, which it will be referred to as for the rest of this page) is a almost entirely West-Germanic language, extremely related to Anglo-Saxon(Old English), with some borrowings from North-Germanic languages. The language can also be written in the Elder Futhark to complement its heritage. At the moment, Evanish is being constructed carefully and for the most part grammar is being worked out, along with prefixes and suffixes to be used in compound words that are in place of Romance words.

Alphabet
There are two alphabets, one being the a modified Latin alphabet, the other is the Elder Futhark.
 * F, U, Þ, A, R, K, G, W, H, N, I, J, Y, P, Z, S, T, B, E, M, L, X, D, O
 * f, u, þ, a, r, k, g, w, h, n, i, j, y, p, z, s, t, b, e, m, l, x, d, o

Evanish - English letter comparisons
As of yet, there are only comparisons to English and not the IPA, the examples should be said in Amer. Eng.

Phonotactics
...

Sentence Structures

 * The punctuation is what the sentence ends with only, all sentences begin with a capital(if not writing in the Elder Futhark). **An imperative sentence is O-V with the understood subject of 2nd person singular, but may be S-O-V if specified with 2nd person plural.

Articles
Articles in Evanish come before all nouns except names and infinitives.

Negation
When negating a verb "ne" is added before the verb, that is all.

Verb Conjugation
First off, an infinitive follows this format: "Stem" + "an", and they are never declined in a sentence. For example: "kunifan " means "to knife". An infinitive will never omit the word "for" as in "this is good for drinking" with the bare infinitive "this is good to drink" and thus becomes "this is good for to drink "(which is the same as the gerund; drinking).

Participles
They are written before the noun and add "-en", "-ind", and "-so" for past, present, and future respectively. Example: Take the word "to break", the word for the simple past tense is "broke" while the past participle is "broken". Evanish models all its past participles in this way, using "-en". Take "brekan" for example, which means "to break". If you're writing simple past and write "Se breken manna..." you would be saying "The (who was broke)/(broken) man..." but if you write "Se manna breked..." you would say "the man broke..." and it is becomes simple past.

Adjectives
They generally end in -isk. Positive adjectives add nothing, Comparative adjectives add an -ir, superlative adjectives add an -ist. Adjectives are never written post-positively. An attributive adjective is one that comes before the word it describes. In this example "foreign" modifies the word "man": Predicative Adjectives are used with the verb "boan" meaning "to be". An example: "The man will be foreign " would be written "Se manna boel walisk ". For comparative and superlative, see above.
 * The positive case "The foreign man spoke." would be written "Se walisk manna spreked"
 * The comparative case for foreign, " more foreign ", would be written "Se waliskir manna spreked"
 * The superlative, " most foreign " is written "Se waliskist manna spreked".

Adverbs
They generally end in -lik. The grammar is the same as adjectives.

Never post-positively
Adjectives and Adverbs cannot be written post-positively, that is, they never follow nouns. An example of post-positive in English would be "tell me something interesting " would have to be written in Evanish as "tell to me an interesting something", note that an article (an) is used, articles must follow every noun and pronouns with the exception of names(and infinitives).

Pronouns
Note that pronouns are already declined for case, and are subject to change, esp. 3rd person singular. Negative is used for "no one". Interrogative is for questions like "who" and "whom".

G

 * Ga- together/with (cognate with syn)

M

 * -man added to verb stems to form workers of the task

F

 * Froend - friend

K

 * Katt - cat

M

 * Mann - man

G

 * Galiek - similar

W

 * Walisk - foreign

B

 * boan - to be


 * brannan - to kindle/ignite/set fire to


 * brekan - to break/shatter/burst/destroy

D

 * donan - to finish/complete (not to be confused with endean which may mean the plan was stopped before being completed)

E

 * endean - to end/discontinue


 * etan - to eat/consume

F

 * froegan - to like/favor
 * furstandan - to understand


 * fulgan - to follow


 * fyllan - to completely fill/ completely replenish/ completely restock to the maximum

G

 * gabindan - to combine


 * gaderan - to gather/unite


 * gasekan - to compare


 * gemunan - to remember/recall

H

 * hafan - have (only in the sense of possess)/own


 * haldan - to take care of/watch over

K

 * kunifan - to knife (stab with a knife)


 * kunoewan - to know

L

 * letan - to allow


 * lifan - to live
 * likan - to please


 * loftan - to raise/lift
 * lufan - to love

M

 * mundan - to think

N

 * neman - to take

R

 * rekonan - to reason/figure out/reckon

S

 * sagan - to say [the words...](different from spreekan which refers not to words but the action of talking itself)


 * sekan - to seek/search for/look for


 * skafan - to shave/polish


 * skowan - to show/reveal


 * sprekan - to talk


 * standan - to stand

T

 * taekan - to take in/absorb


 * tallan - to count/calculate


 * tellan - to recount/narrate

W

 * wandran - to walk/wander


 * wendan - to proceed/go(only in the sense of walk towards)


 * willan - to want/wish/ will for


 * windan - to turn/twist

Thorn

 * þankan - to thank/give thanks