Jinestrian

Classification and Dialects

 * Italic
 * Romance
 * Italo-Dalmatian
 * Dalmatian Romance
 * Dalmatian
 * Old Jinestrian

Nouns
A Jinestrian noun has a gender (masculine or feminine) and is inflected for number (singular or plural). The plural is formed with the ending -i for masculine and -e for feminine nouns.

Article
The indefinite article is yœn (one), whose feminine form is yœna.

Examples: The definite article for masculine nouns is el in singular and i in plural. The definite article for feminine nouns is la in singular and le in plural. Before place names in the dative case, the articles are used in the forms in tel, in tela, in teli and in tele or abbreviated as nel, nela, neli and nele.
 * yœna cosa - one house, a house
 * yœn jomen - one man, a man

Examples:
 * Če sant el ? - What is it?
 * La sant yœna cosa. - It is a house.
 * Jo sant la cosa ? - Where is the house?
 * La cosa sant in tela Čituot. - The house is in the city.
 * Jo sant el Juarbol ? - Where is the tree?
 * El Juarbol sant in tel buasc. - The tree is in the wood.

Adjective
The adjectives are used before nouns and also have masculine and feminine gender and singular and plural number.

Examples:
 * Moura cosa - Big house
 * La moura cosa - The big house
 * Bryf cavyl - Fast horse
 * El bryf cavyl - The fast horse

Preposition

 * in - in
 * bas de - below
 * de - of
 * da - from, of
 * dri - behind
 * saupra - on
 * alič - at

Verbs
The Jinestrian language does not distinguish between the continuous and simple forms. The present tense is formed from the personal pronoun, the infinitive stem, and the present endings: Example: favular (to speak)

Singular Plural The past tense is formed from the personal pronoun, the infinitive stem, the suffixes -ua or -oua, and the present endings.
 * 1) Ju favula (I speak, I am speaking)
 * 2) Te favule (Thou speakest, thou art speaking)
 * 3) Jal favula (He speaks, he is speaking)
 * 1) Nu favulaime (We speak, we are speaking)
 * 2) Vu favulaite (Ye speak, ye are speaking)
 * 3) Jali favula (They speak, they are speaking)

Singular Plural The future tense is formed from the infinitive form (ending in -ar, -ur, or -ro) and the future endings: Examples:
 * 1) Ju favlua (I was speaking, I spoke)
 * 2) Te favlue (Thou wast speaking, thou spokest)
 * 3) Jal favlua (He was speaking, he spoke)
 * 1) Nu favluaime (We were speaking, we spoke)
 * 2) Vu favluaite (Ye were speaking, ye spoke)
 * 3) Jali favlua (They were speaking, they spoke)

Singular Plural The passive is formed from the past participle (ending in -ait, -oit, or -uat) and the prefixes joi or jai.
 * 1) Ju favulare (I shall speak)
 * 2) Te favulare (Thou wilt speak)
 * 3) Jal favulare (He will speak)
 * 1) Nu favularme (We shall speak)
 * 2) Vu favularte (Ye will speak)
 * 3) Jal favulare (They will speak)

Examples: The Dalmatian language has also a conditional[dubious – discuss] form: The imperative is formed from the infinitive stem and endings: Examples: The imperative can also be formed from the imperative form of the verb "to be" and the infinitive: The verb "to be":
 * 1) joi nascoit (is born)
 * 2) jai glazait (is frozen)
 * 3) joi talyuat (is cut)
 * Sta nuat el foit en maur gheluat, kve tota la jakva joi glazait.
 * Last night it was so cold, and all water has been frozen.
 * -ai - second person singular
 * -aite - second person plural
 * duai! - give!
 * vedai ! - look!
 * Saime vedar - Let us go
 * Sait fuot - Let it be

Infinitive: Saite

Singular Plural
 * 1) Ju sai
 * 2) Te sante
 * 3) Jal sant
 * 1) Nu saime
 * 2) Vu saite
 * 3) Jali sant

Adverbs
Adverbs of place and direction: Adverbs of time:
 * luc - here
 * cauc - there
 * sois - upwards
 * sote - under
 * dri - behind
 * aninč - before
 * dapu - after
 * diatremun - then
 * junkaura - against, still
 * adias - now

Lexicon
Swadesh list