Isgalini


 * 1) Isgalini is a made-up language I created. Its words are a mixture of mainly Spanish, Italian, Greek and English.

Pronunciation (IPA in brackets.)

a - [a]

e - [ɛ] and [ei] when followed by a vowel

i - [iː]

o - [o] and [oː]

u - [uː]

Accents on vowels are used to denote stress.

The diaeresis indicates that two adjoining letters that would normally be pronounced as one are instead to be read as separate vowels.

Circumflexes are used to show that a letter used to exist after the circumflexized vowel (like in French) or in the combination oî to indicate the pronunciation is [i:] not [oi]

Consonants (IPA in brackets.)

b - [b]

c - when followed by i or e like [s] Otherwise pronounced like [k]

d - [d]

f - [f]

g - [g] or when followed by i or e like [dʒ] or [ʒ]

h - [h]

j - [dʒ] or when followed by i or e like [ʒ]

k - [k]

l - [l]

m - [m]

n - [n]

p - [p]

q - [k] only used when followed by a u and proceeded by i or e

r - [ɾ]

s - [s]

t - [t]

v - [v]

x - [ks]

y - [j] or [iː] as a vowel

z - [z]

Diphthongs (IPA in brackets.)

Oi/oy - [oi]

Ai/ay - [ai]

Ei/ey - [ei]

Au - [au]

Ch - [ç] like in German ich

Sh - [ʃ]

Tsh - [tʃ]

Gu - [gw] when followed by a vowel*

Cu - [kw] *

Hu - [w] *

Dh - [ð] like in that

Th - [θ] like in thing

Oî - [i:] used when writing words of Greek origin with 'οι' like; φοίνιξ, in Isgalini - foînix

Pronouns & possessive pronouns

I- Mi

He- Li

She- Ji

It- Si

They- Ti

We- Ni

You- Dhi

You all/lot- Dhis

My- Ma

Your- Dha

His- La

Her- Jea

Our- Na

You lot's- Dhisa

Their- Ta

Its- Sa

Myself - Mastu

Yourself - Dhastu

Himself - Lastu

Herself - Jeastu

Ourself - Nastu

Yourselves - Dhisastu

Themselves - Tastu

Itself - Sastu

(the stu translates as being.)

Connectives

that, than, which - dhei

Those, them - dheis

This, these - dhe, dhes

Who - poî

What - quei

When - huen

Where - huey

There - shey

Why - po' abbreviated from 'porqueí?'

Because - pô' abbreviated from 'pordheí'

But - sed

If - si

not - no

Some common verbs

To be - Sta

To have - Tena

To do/make - Fara

To be able to - Posa

To say - Lea

To go - Ira

To see - Via

To give - Dona

To know - Siensa or abbreviated to 'sa

To understand - Comprenda

To want - Thela

To write - Grafa

To love - Ama

To like - Ema

To arrive - Ariva

To pass - Pasa

To ought to - Deba

To put - Pona

Verb conjugation

Present

In the present tense verbs always end in a, staying the same as the infinitive except with a pronoun before it.

Mi tena e can (I have a dog)

Past

Verbs' endings become é.

Mi tené e can (I had a dog)

Future

Sa is placed before the verb.

Mi sa tena e can (I will have a dog)

Conditional

Sau is placed before the verb.

Mi sau tena e can (I would have a dog)

Imperitive (commanding)

Remains the same as the infinitive, like in English.

Verb examples

Mi ema le músiqui i mi jeoia le quitari.

I like music and I play the guitar.

No mi thela ira contra quei dhi 'sa.

I don't want to go against what you know.

Prepositions

To - A

Infront of, before - Ante

Against - Contra

Toward - Pros

Inside - Ene

Outside - Exe

Below - Infra

Between, among - Inter

Within - Intra

Near - Jeuxta

Far from - Desjeuxta

Through - Per

Behind, after - Meta

Over - Supre

Beyond - Ultra

With - Con

Without - Descón

(Des is used as a prefix to make the original word have an opposite meaning.)

Adjectives & adverbs

Adjectives and adverbs always end in e (some adverbs can end in y), gender or pluralization does not affect this.

Le shoc megle consumé le pishi micre.

The big shark ate the little fish.

''Alexés ema shoclei calde pô' si sta plûe dolse dhei cafei. ''

Alexés likes hot chocolate because it is more sweet than coffee.

Nouns

Nouns which are male can end with any vowel (except a) or any consonant.

Female nouns end with an a or és

Nouns which are either male or female or do not have a physical gender end in i

Nouns are the route to form adjectives, for example;

Richness (noun) - Pluti | Rich (adjective) - Plute | Jealousy (noun) - Jelosi | Jealous (adjective) - Jelose

Some example text about 'Fruit'

L'usis de fruxi por omis sta megle. L'une usi sta prinsipale por consumi crude, sed huen ti sta cose ti eseocasis ira plûe dolse i plute in sávori.

Vocabulary

Much of the vocabulary like nouns derive from the verbs they're related to. For example, dona - to give, doni - gift, jeoia - to play, jeoi - game.

Unique suffixes can be added to the root of a verb or noun to make a particular meaning; for examples -qui added to the end of a verb or noun means 'thing/tool'. For example, lexi - word, léxiqui - dictionary (word thing) or fósiqui - light (light thing/light bulb) flámiqui - lighter (flame thing).

Some more are here; -topi means 'place', like compratopi is a mixture of compra (to buy) and topi (place) making (buy place) or shop.

-or/a or és used like like in English to describe what people do, writer, player added to verb and noun roots like jeoi- where the -a from jeoia is replaced with or/a. For example, jeoior - player or grafor - writer.

In Isgalini the letter cluster 'ct' often becomes 'x', like; 'selecta', 'conecta', 'acta' becomes; selexa, conexa, axa, and so on.

Phrases

Hello/good day - Venedí

Goodnight - Venenyxi

Goodbye - Atheo

How are you - Pose sta dhi?

Body parts

capui - head

mani - hand

piei - foot

dígiti - finger

capili - hair

vrasi - arm

fasi - face

ocli - eye

Numbers

uni - one

dui - two

tri - three

cui - four

sincui - five

sei - six

septi - seven

oxi - eight

novi - nine

desi - ten unidesi - eleven

duidesi - twelve

(etc.)

duiginti - twenty

triginti - thirty

cuiginti - forty

sincuiginti - fifty

seiginti - sixty

septiginti - seventy

oxiginti - eighty

noviginti - ninety

senti - one hundred

duisenti - two hundred

(etc.)

mili - one thousand

Months

unemini - january

duemini - february

tremini - march

cuemini - april

sincuemini - may

seiemini - june

septemini - july

oxemini - august

novemini - september

desemini - october

unidesemini - november

duidesemini - december

(Months logically written for the twelve months of the year, like 'first month, second month' etc.)

Dictionary - Le Léxiqui (Eng - Isg)
a(n) - e(n) [article]

and - i [conjuntion]

all - tole [adjective/adverb]

ascend - asenda [verb]

arrive - ariva [verb]

abort - aborta [verb]

above - supre [adverb]

against - contra [preposition]

baby - ínfansi [noun]

bad - male [adjective]

base - fundamenti [noun]

book - livri [noun]

boy - pue [noun]

breathe - réspira [verb]

catalogue - indexi [noun]

castle - casteli [noun]