User:Bace1000/Sandbox

lang 1
unnamed conlang tonal, analytic, monosyllabic, head final, erg-abs, animate/inanimate gender

phonology
n*: inherits place of next consonant or m if followed by a back vowel

vowels=aeiou

Tones:

the first vowels in diphthongs have the tone marker

most particles inherit their tone

All vowels: aáàâā e éèêē i íìîī o óòôō u úùûū

words
words are mostly monosyllabic

book = kán (inanimate)

teacher = wôpf (animate)

to read = mūth

to give/take = kâ

to love = tsùn

man = rōk

nouns
i = inanimate ergative particle o = animate ergative particle

nouns are absolutive by default

í kán = ERG, INA

t- on particle = plural, or ta without a particle

tá kán = ABS, PLU, INA

there are two persons for personal pronouns; pronouns may be dropped if obvious from context

1st person: Absolutive Singular = pēn; Ergative Female Singular = jīn; Ergative Male Singular = pēn; Absolutive Plural = tē; Ergative Plural = tīn; Possession (put after the possessed word) = pe

2nd person: Absolutive Singular = kò; Ergative Female Singular = kòi; Ergative Male Singular = kò; Absolutive Plural = tòk; Ergative Plural = tù;Possession (put after the possessed word) = kos

in the antipassive agents may be reintroduced with 'si' followed by the ergative particle unless the noun is inanimate, where just 'si' is used e.g. sí í kán = do to the book

in negative active clauses both agent and patient are put in the ergative

to indicate motion from, add tsa before the noun; to indicate motion to, add rut.

e.g. I give the book to the teacher = ī tsā pēn rût wôpf kán kâ. = ERG from 1PS.ABS to teacher book give

verbs
sov word order

antipassive marker = xo

negative marker = sen

negative+antipassive may be combined as 'xos', but this is informal

tone assimilations
particles such as 'o' don't have an assigned tone so they assimilate in tone to the noun they act upon. this works with tense particles -> verbs and more.

e.g. o + wôpf -> ô wôpf (ERG.INA teacher); pa + mūth -> pā mūth (PST.PERF read); etc.

examplings
The teacher read the book. ô wôpf kán pā mūth.

The teacher did reading (of the book). '''wôpf (sí kán) xō pā mūth. '''

The book was read. kán pā mūth.

The teacher did not read the book. '''ô wôpf ó kán sēn pā mūth. '''

The teacher did not do reading (of the book). '''wôpf (sí kán) xō sēn pā mūth. '''

The book was not read. ó kán sēn pā mūth.

I gave the book to the teacher. '''ō tsā pēn rût wôpf kán pâ kâ. '''

The teacher took the book from me. ô rût wôpf tsā pēn kán pâ kâ.

The man took the book from me and gave it to the teacher. ō rōk tsā pēn rût wôpf kán pâ kâ.

I read my book. kán pé pā mūth.

lang 2
there are ten vowels:  - these represent /a e i o u ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/. syllabe structure is (C)V(C). <'> represents glottal stop. most nouns end in a vowel

Verbs have triconsonantal roots. They can be present or past, and can be definite or indefinite. Definite verbs are used to talk about an action that has recently/just been discussed and indefinite verbs are used to talk about an new action, even if the same verb is being used. For example, someone might use an indefinite verb to ask a question, and then it would be answered with the same verb but definite. future is shown with the future particle 'gho' before the verb. when the verb is negative both arguments take the absolutive case. SVO word order. erg/abs alignment, head final. there are many verb suffixes which to show thought, speech etc. they inflect to show person and number. here is -enta which means 'think': the fourth person means 'one'.

examples
Note: INDEF.POS.PRES.ACT is the 'default' verb gloss

vocab: book = kána, teacher = zoje, man = roku, to read = GVR, to give/take = DZhT, to love = TsPN, think = enta, try = uka

The teacher read the book. '''ro zoje agvúr ri kána. ' ERG.SING teacher read.PST ABS.SING book''

The teacher did reading (of the book). ri zoje agvúrazh (zi kána). ABS.SING teacher read.PST.APAS (TO.SING book)

The book was read. agvúr ri kána. read.PST ABS.SING book

The teacher did not read the book. ri zoje agvúram ri kána. ABS.SING teacher read.PST.NEG ABS.SING book

I think the teacher will read the book. ro zoje gho egvirenta ri kána.

The teacher is trying to read the book. ro zoje egvirukal ri kána.

I gave the book to the teacher.

The teacher took the book from me.

The man took the book from me and gave it to the teacher.

I read my book.