Thûtsc

Information
Thûtsc (IPA: [ðuːtʃ]) is a constructed language that could be used as an auxiliary language. Its main goal is to show how Limburgish would have looked like if Limburg had been an independ country. Largely based on Old (South) East Lower Franconian.

Alphabet
It has less letters than modern Limburgish, but more than old.

A Â B C D E Ê EI ÊI ÊO F G H I Î L M N O Ô ÔU P QU R S T U Û ÛA W Y

Phonology
Sound and letter often agree. There are several diphtongs like [oːu̯] (ôu), [eːo̯] (êo) and [uːa̯] (ûa). There are long closed front vowels, [i] (î), and both long and short closed back vowelsân ga aftarcanta, [u] and [uː] (u and û) There also is a central front vowel, [ɪ] (i). The mid vowels are [e] (e), [eː] (ê), [ə] (a ~ e), [o] (o) and [oː] (ô). There are also open vowels like [æː] (ae), [ɐ] (a ~ e), [ɑ] (a) and [a] (â).

For consonants see this table.

[v] is an allophone of [f], [z] of [s], [ʒ] of [ʃ], [ç] and [x] of [h], [ɲ] and [ŋ] of [n], [ð] of [θ] and [ʁ] of [r]. Sometimes even [j] is an allophone of [g]. [ʔ] occurs when two words are placed together, like tha âfant or falla  ongar nâma  ût.

/h/ is pronounced as [h] or [ç] and [x]. /sc/ as [sk] or [ʃ].

Nouns
Nouns can have three genders, namely masculine, feminine and neuter. There are two grammatical numbers, singular and plural, though sometimes dual occurs too. There are six cases, grouped in two. Group one is the "daily" group, nominative, genitive, and accusative. Group two is the "occasional" group, dative, locative and vocative. Cases are marked with case endings and articles are (sometimes) used.


 * gast meaning person or guest is a masculine word.
 * sprâca meaning language is a feminine word.
 * cind meaning child is a neuter word.

A diminutive could be made using (-a) ca(-), placed behind the root. Other possible suffixes should be placed behind ca-.
 * gast -> gasta ca
 * sprâcan -> sprâca can
 * cindar -> cinda car

Pronouns
There are different pronouns.

Personal and reflexive
First for the first person (I, me, we, us, myself, ourselves)

Now for the second person (thou, thee, ye, you, theeself, yourselves)

Last for the third person, masculine (he, they, him, them, himself, theirselves), feminine (she, they, her, them, herself, theirselves) and neuter (it, they, it, them, itself, theirselves).

Interrogative
* = Inflected like an adjective.


 * wen = when
 * wêtha = why
 * wî = how
 * wîfil = how much
 * wîspât = what time

Adjectives

 * 1) gôd means good

Comparison is made using -ar and -ast Some adejctives are irregular.
 * 1) âld - âldar - âldast (old, elder, eldest)
 * 2) hôh - hôhar - hôhast (high, higher, highest)
 * 3) beingibrôcan - beingibrôcanar - beingibrôcanast (with a broken leg - with an even more broken leg - with the most broken leg)
 * 1) gôd - better - betst (good, better, best)
 * 2) fôl/fîl/mêda - mêdar - mêdast (much/many - more - most)

Articles
There's no plural for 'ein'. git etc is used when preceded by a preposition.

Verbs
There are two types of verbs.

Côrtclanca
Côrtclancawircwordar (short vowel verbs) have, as the name states, a short vowel (a, ae, e, ei, i, o, u, y)

Lancclanca
Lancclancawircwordar (long vowel verbs) have, as the name states, a long vowel (â, ê, êi, êo, î, ô, ôu, û, ûa)

Strong verbs
There are several strong verbs. The most important ones are noted here:

class one
 * biswîcan - biswêc - biswêcan (to collapse)
 * bîtan - bêt - gibêtan (to bite)
 * blîcan - blêc - giblêcan (to seem)
 * blîfan - blêf - giblêfan (to stay)
 * cnîpan - cnêp - gicnêpan (to pinch)
 * drîfan - drêf - gidrêfan (to float)
 * frîgan - frêg - gifrêgan (to make love to)
 * glîdan - glêd - giglêdan (to glide)
 * grîpan - grêp - gigrêpan (to grasp)
 * lîdan - lêd - gilêdan (to suffer)
 * lîcan - lêc - gilêcan (to resemble)
 * rîdan - rêd - girêdan (to drive, to ride)
 * rîsan - rês - girêsan (to raise)
 * scînan - scên - giscênan (to shine)
 * scîtan - scêt - gescêtan (to shit)
 * scrîfan - scrêf - giscrêfan (to write)
 * slîpan - slêp - gislêpan (to sharpen)
 * slîtan - slêt - gislêtan (to tear, to wear down)
 * smîtan - smêt - gismêtan (to throw)
 * snîdan - snêd - gisnêdan (to cut)
 * splîtan - splêt - gisplêtan (to split)
 * strîdan - strêd - gistrêdan (to fight)
 * swîgan - swêg - giswêgan (to be silent)
 * wîcan - wêc - giwêcan (to yield, to recede, to disappear)
 * wîtan - wêt - giwêtan (to blame)
 * wîsan - wês - giwêsan (to point)

class two
 * bêdan - bâd - gibôdan (to offer)
 * bêran - bâr - gibôran (to bear, to carry)
 * bifêlan - befâl - bifôlan (to order)
 * brêcan - brâc - gibrôcan (to break)
 * bûgan - bâg - gibôgan (to bend)
 * bwêgan - bwâg - bwôgan (to move)
 * cêsan - câs - gicôsan (to chose)
 * drûpan - drâp - gidrôpan (to drip)
 * dûcan - dâc - gidôcan (to dive)
 * firlêran - firlâr - firlôran (to lose)
 * flêgan - flâg - giflôgan (to fly)
 * frêran - frâr - gifrôran (to freeze)
 * gêtan - gât - gigôtan (to pour)
 * ginêtan - ginât - ginôtan (to enjoy)
 * lêgan - lâg - gilôgan (to lie)
 * scêtan - scât - giscôtan (to shoot)
 * sêdan - sâd - gisôdan (to sow)
 * slûtan - slât - gislôtan (to close)
 * sprêcan - sprâc- gisprôcan (to speak)
 * stêcan - stâc - gistôcan (to prick, to sting)
 * stêlan - stâl - gistôlan (to steal)
 * sûpan - sâp - gisôpan (to swig)
 * sûgan - sâg - gisôgan (to suck)
 * swêran - swâr - giswôran (to swear)
 * tûnan - tân - gitônan (to show)
 * wêgan - wâg - giwôgan (to weigh)
 * weggan - wâg - giwôgan (to blow, to flutter, to fan)

class three
 * biginnan - bigan - bigôs (to begin)
 * bindan - band - gibôndan (to bind)
 * cinnan
 * côn: côs - gicôs (to know)
 * can: can - gicôs (to be able to)
 * clincan - clanc - giclôncan (to sound)
 * climman - clam - giclômman (to climb)
 * crimpan - cramp - gicrômpan (to shrink)
 * dirfan - darf - gidôrs (to dare)
 * drincan - dranc - gidrôncan (to drink)
 * dwingan - dwang - gidwôngan (to force)
 * hilpan - halp - gihôlpan (to help)
 * milcan - malc - gimôlcan (to milk)
 * môgan - mah - gimôgan (to may)
 * môtan - mat - gimôs (to have to)
 * nimman - nam - ginômman (to take)
 * sincan - sanc - gisôncan (to sink)
 * sindan - sand - gisôndan (to send)
 * singan - sang - gisôngan (to sing)
 * smiltan - smalt - gismôltan (to melt)
 * spinnan - span - gispônnan (to spin)
 * springan - sprang - gisprôngan (to jump)
 * stincan - stanc - gistôncan (to smell bad)
 * stirfan - starf - gistôrfan (to die)
 * swillan - swal - giswôllan (to swell)
 * swimman - swam - giswômman (to swim)
 * tincan - tanc - gitôncan (to appear)
 * fihtan - faht - gifôhtan (to fight)
 * findan - fand - gifôndan (to find)
 * flihtan - flaht - giflôhtan (to fleed)
 * willan - wal - giwôllan (to want)
 * windan - wand - giwôndan (to wind)
 * winnan - wan - giwônnan (to win)
 * wirpan - warp - giwôrpan (to throw)

class four
 * êtan - ât - ginêtan (to eat)
 * bêdan - bâd - gibêdan (to pray)
 * firgêtan - firgât - firgêtan (to forget)
 * firêtan - firât - firêtan (to fret, to grub)
 * gêfan - gâf - gigêfan (to give, to donate)
 * ginêsan - ginâs - ginêsan (to heal)
 * lêsan - lâs - gilêsan (to read)
 * mêtan - mât - gimêtan (to measure)

class five
 * bikôman - bikôm/biquam - bikôman (to get, to receive)
 * drâgan - drôg - gidrâgan (to carry)
 * fâran - fôr - gifâran (to sail, to fare)
 * frâgan - frôg - gifrâgan (to ask)
 * gâgan - gôg - gigâgan (to hunt)
 * grâfan - grôf - gigrâfan (to dig)
 * kôman - kôm/quam - gikôman (to come)
 * lâdan - lôd - gilâdan (to load)
 * râdan - rôd - girâdan (to guess)

class six
 * baccan - bêc - gibaccan (to bake)
 * blâsan - blês - giblâsan (to blow)
 * briwwan - brêw - gibriwwan (to brew)
 * dôn - dêd - gidôn (to do)
 * fallan - fêl - gifallan (to fall)
 * fangan - fêng - gifangan (to catch)
 * hâldan - hêld - gihâldan (to make it, to keep)
 * hangan - hêng - gihangan (to hang)
 * heitan - hêt - giheitan (to be named)
 * lâtan - lêt - gilâtan (to let)
 * lôupan - lêp - gilôupan (to walk)
 * mâlan - mêl - gimâlan (to grind)
 * rôpan - rêp - girôpan (to scream, to yell)
 * slâpan - slêp - gislâpan (to sleep)
 * spîdan - spêd - gispîdan (to vomit)
 * stôtan - stêt - gistôtan (to push)
 * wascan - wêsc - giwascan (to wash)

class seven
 * bringan - braht - gibrôht (to bring)
 * côupan - caht - gicôht (to buy)
 * plêgan - plaht - giplôht (to commit)
 * sûcan - saht - gisôht (to search)
 * thincan - thaht - githôht (to think)
 * triccan - traht - gitrôht (to pull)

irregular
 * gân - gông - gigangan (to go)
 * hâban - hat - gihâban (to have)
 * liggan - lâg - gilêngan (to lay, to put)
 * rûcan - rôc - girôucan (to smell)
 * scillan - scôw - giscillat (shall, will)
 * sên - wôr - giwêst (to be)
 * siggan - sâg - gisêgan (to say)
 * sittan - sât - gisêtan (to sit, to set, to put)
 * slân - slôh - gislâgan (to hit, to beat)
 * stân - stông - gistân (to stand)
 * weitan - wis - giweitan (to know)

Irregular
There are several irregular verbs, sên (to be), hâban (to have), gân - stân - slân (to go, hit, stand), liggan - siggan - sittan (to lay, put, set, place, sit, say) cinnan (to be able to, to know) dôn (to do) and gêfan (to give)

sên = to be

hâban = to have, to possess

gân = to go, to leave
 * for stân (to stand) replace 'g' by 'st'. The past is stông (1st and 3nd singular, dual and 2nd plural) stôngast (2nd singular) and stôngan (1st and 2nd plural) Past particle is gistân''.
 * for slân (to hit, to beat) replace 'g' by 'sl'. The past is slôh (1st and 3nd singular, dual and 2nd plural) slôhst (2nd singular) and slôgan (1st and 2nd plural) Past particle is gislâgan.

liggan = to lay, to lay down, to set, to put, to place
 * For sittan (to sit, to set, to put, to place) replace 'l' and 'g' by 's' and 't'. Past particle is gisêtan.
 * For siggan (to say, to talk) replace 'l' by 's'. Past particle is gisêgan.

cinnan = to be able to

cinnan = to know

dôn = to do, to make, to create

gêfan = to give, to donate

Numbers

 * 1,431,542,456 is thûsanth fêr-hôngarath-ein-ant-drêtih-thûsanth fîf-hôngarath-twê-ant-fêrtih-thûsanth fêr-hôngarath-fîf-ant-sicstih. After each group of three a space should be placed.

Conjunctions

 * âc (but)
 * ant/anda (and)
 * bihalf (unless)
 * bithet (because)
 * es (whether, like)
 * if (if)
 * mer (but)
 * ôf (whether)
 * ôthar (or)
 * sins (since, because)
 * sô (so)
 * thet (that)
 * thôh (though)
 * wet (what)
 * wî (how)
 * wilc (which)
 * withar (whether)
 * wô (where)

Syntax
The syntax of a main clause is as following:
 * (SUBJECT) VERBS DATIVE OBJECT TIME PLACE
 * (Thû) hast gigêfan hir hundan i mêrt in Amsterdam.
 * When it was March, you've given her a dog in Amsterdam.

The syntax of a subordinate clause is as following:
 * CONJUNCTION (SUBJECT) DATIVE OBJECT TIME PLACE VERBS
 * (Sî) lêfat thî, bithet (thû) hir hundan i mêrt in Amsterdam hast gigêfan.
 * She likes you, because when it was March, you've given her a dog in Amsterdam.

Another possibility for both a main and a subordinate clause is:
 * (SUBJECT) OBJECT VERBS CONJUNCTION (SUBJECT) DATIVE OBJECT VERBS TIME PLACE
 * (Sî) thî lêfat, bithet (thû) hir hundan hast gigêfan i mêrt in Amsterdam.
 * She likes you, because when it was March, you've given her a dog in Amsterdam.

Example
Pater Noster Ôza Fâthar, thê in Hêmala aer, thîn nâma scillat sên giheiliht. Thîn rîca scillat côman. Thû scillast giscêdan up êrth, sôwî in ga Hêmala. Gêfah ôsam heidan ant wig ant firgêfah ôsas ôsa sculth, sôwî ôuh wêr ân angaras hîna sculth firgêfan Leithah ôs nêt i bicôringa, âc firlôsah ôs quâthas.
 * Firlôsah ôs Hêr,
 * allas quâthas.
 * Gêfah fritha in ôsar dâgar.
 * Thet wêr, gistûnt thurh Thîn wirmhertihhêda,
 * thar sunda frî môgan sên
 * ant bigôdt gêgan allar ônrista:
 * hôpful wahtanda up Cômst Jêsusas, Firlôssar, Thîna Sôn.
 * Went Thîns aer Kunincrîca
 * ant crafta
 * ant hêrlichêda,
 * in êwichêda.

Sô it wâs.