User:03oV7kEvl/Xofsopil

Xofsopil ['ʃofsopil] is a language featuring unambiguous european-alike grammar, and lexicon borrowed from English.

Writing System
Letters read as in IPA except: c /θ/, q /ð/, x /ʃ/, j /ʒ/, y /j/, ng /ŋ/, h /x/, gh /ʀ/.

Phonotactics
The stress is on the first vowel. There is no reduction.

Sentence conjunction
A text consists of sentences obligatorily split with sentence conjunctions. A sentence conjunction ends with -ux, e.g.

andux - and,

butux - but,

thatux - that.

Verbs
The intransitive verb in this language is expressed as an adjective or as a noun. That's why there could be the following parts of speech at the top of the sentence: noun, verb, diverb, triverb.

A verb, a diverb, and a triverb obligatorily have subject. They differ in the ending sets and in the last vowel of the base.

A verb in this language is a verb with exactly one object. The base ending is -u + the ending of the inversion -ris. E.g.

hugu - to hug (who, whom),

searchu - to search (who, what),

buildu - to build (who, what).

A diverb is a verb with two objects. The base ending is -e + endings of the inversion -ris, -rus. E.g.

allowe - to allow (who, whom, what),

thanke - to thank (who, whom, for what),

jealouse - to be jealous (who, of whom, to whom).

A triverb is a verb with three objects. The base ending is -a + endings of the inversion -ris, -rus, -res. E.g.

exchangea - to exchange (who, with whom, what, for what),

translatea - to translate (who, what, from what, to what),

punisha - to punish (who, whom, with what, for what).

-ris means the inversion of the subject and the first object.

-rus means the inversion of the subject and the second object.

-res means the inversion of the subject and the third object.

The word order is relatively free, but one must follow the order of objects and the subject must be before objects, e.g.

verb subject object,

subject verb object,

subject object verb,

diverb subject object1 object2,

subject diverb object1 object2,

subject object1 diverb object2 etc.

Participles
A participle is an additional verb depending on a nonverb. A participle has a verb base, or a diverb base, or a triverb base + endings -n, -nis, -nus, -nes. The choice of the ending is the same as for verbs: -n the straight order, -nis the inversion of the first object and the subject, -nus of the second object and -nes of the third object. The subject of the verb participle is the main word, while the number of objects depend on the base type.

Verb participles
There may be a verb participle in a sentence. It additionaly describes verbs, and plays a role of english prepositions. A verb participle has a verb base, or a diverb base, or a triverb base + endings -l, -lis, -lus, -les. The choice of the ending is the same as for verbs: -l the straight order, -lis the inversion of the first object and the subject, -lus of the second object and -les of the third object. The subject of the verb participle is the main verb, while the number of objects depend on the base type. E.g.

inul foresti - in the forest,

underul bedi - under the bed,

whileul houri - in one hour,

allowelus ii parenti - with the parent permission for me,

exchangealus hei shei thati - in her exchange with him for that.

A verb participle is analogous to the participle, but is a special part of speech to make the word order more free. A participle strictly follows the main word, while a verb participle may be in the beginning or in the ending of the sentence or before the verb or after the verb. E.g. these equal variants of the phrase "I drink water in cafe" are:

inul cafei ii drinkur wateri

ii inul cafei drinkur wateri

ii drinkur inul cafei wateri

ii drinkur wateri inul cafei

Noun
A noun is a base which ends in -i. Nouns don't change by neither number nor case. Some nouns of English are verbs or participles here, e.g.

onei sisterun ii - my sister

Adjective
An adjective is a base which ends in -i with the ending -k. An adjective depends on a noun. There is a conversion between the noun and the adjective. E.g.

beautik humani - a beautiful human

humanik beauti - the human's beauty

Adverb
An adverb is a base which ends in -i with the ending -p. An adverb depends on a noun, or verbs, or participles, or adjective, or another adverb. It differs from an adjective in the fact that an adjective is a property of the same thing as the noun, but an adverb is a property of the noun itself. That's why nouns and adverbs don't have conversion; the swapping changes the meaning. E.g.

completeip fooli - a complete fool

foolip completei - foolishly complete

There is a substantivized adverb to play a role of the noun in the sentence. The ending changes to -t. If a main word of the adverb was an adverb, then it's substantivized too; if it was a verb, then it becomes a gerund. E.g.

rapidip runik hei - he runs rapidly

onei admireur rapidit heik runi - one admires the rapidity of his run

Quote
For quote one uses margin words where so is the beginning of the quote and to is the ending of the quote. The quote is an object in the sentence.

Therefore the role of objects may be taken by: noun, substantivized adjective, gerund, and quote.