Vöxek

=Setting=

Vöxek is a language that I create since 2006. It does not have a basic objective, it is for fun and i always have fun with it. It is not complete yet. The grammar is very easy and simple. I have been always thinking about making it very simple. Maybe the pronunciation can be hard, but it is just to adapt to your mothertongue or studying phonetics. No worries.

In the beginning I had no notions of languages, but I studied various languages to have more notions. At the beggining, I had to stop because it was becoming a "New German", because I only knew the German language. So I understand a lot about this subject now and I could add more influences, as below.

Free to contact me.

email: [mailto:eid_monovoxx@hotmail.com eid_monovoxx@hotmail.com]

=Basic Grammar=

What .. took from which language?

ENGLISH - vocabularies, verbal times, prepositions, grammar

GERMAN - vocabularies, verbal times, prepositions, pronunciation, grammar, endings, numbers

DUTCH - double-letters (ee;aa;ij...), pronunciation, formal way, some verbs

DANISH - pronunciation, glottal stop, middle d (ð), vocabularies, grammar, some letters in the alphabet, some numbers

NORWEGIAN - same Danish

SWEDISH - vocabularies, endings

GREEK/LATIN - words that in English end with -tion are Latin/Greek, vocabularies

ITALIAN - endings - zione, vocabularies

POLISH/TURKISH - letters of the alphabet (with acute (visual changing): ex: ł, ś, ş, ç, etc)

FINNISH - endings, grammar

IRISH - sounds, writting, diphtongs

DEN NÖRGEN å NÖRGENNE (The numbers)

Vom 1 til 10⁶

ET ALVABET å ALVABETTE (The alfabet)

Part 1 > Pure letters





A a [ɑ] - closed, extended, lips not rounded. Like -aw in Sh aw. It is the sound of -á in Irish words like - á lainn, -tá etc. (Connacht/Ulster dialects).

Æ æ [æ] - almost like the Danish -æ, but made lower in the mouth.

Ä ä [ɛ] - open -eh sound like -a in "f a st" (American accent) or "h ä hn" (German).

Å å [o] - very very closed -o, almost with the mouth closing, rounded. Like -å in Danish -forr å de, but more rounded. Although in fast speech you will not have time to make it so closed.

B b [b] - normal -b..

C c [t͡s] - sound of -ts like Esperanto -s c ien c o /st͡sient͡so/ or -z in German - z ahl, maga z in.

Ç ç [ç] - like -ch in German -mäd ch en (palatal).

D d [d], [dʰ], [ʔ], [ʔ:], [ɾ] - a little aspirated, like -dz but very soft if forming syllabes. The Brittish people use this -d. When alone, it is not so aspirated, becoming a normal -d. It can also be very soft, sounding like a tap-r like in American words like -body, -middle or t in -bottle, -myrtle when placed before opened vowels. Sometimes it can be "hidding"a soft glottal stop or a total glottal stop. For example, when it is in the -nd combination before an opened vowel, it configures a total glottal stop: Slender /'slen-ʔ: ɐ/ = slender; Romnder /ʀɔmn-ʔ: ɐ/= spider

When -nd alone, it is a normal stop, usually making a smal nasalization in the last vowel: Strand / 'stʰʀɑnʔ /= beach

These changes in the sounds (called variations) are related to the time/duration of the speech. If you talk very fast, you will not have time to make the sound as the pattern. It takes (a little, okay, but it influences on the speech) time to position the tongue in the correct place for all sounds when they're much far in the mouth. If you talk slowly, you will have time, then you should make them correctly (following the pattern.)

Ð ð [ð] - when forming syllabes is like -th in the English word th at or -ma ð ur (Icelandic).. When alone is the middle sound of -t and -th (voiced). Like -me d, hvi d (Danish). It is possible to write -dh in the word, though the pattern is ð.

E e [e] - closed e sound like e in -h e la (Swedish); s ay, d ay , st ay (English) m i j, v ij f, schr ij ven (Dutch - more open, not -æi) - without the trace of ee sound in the end.

Ë ë [aʰ] - open -a sound like in -h e ight, with a bit more air.

F f [f] - normal -f sound but it just can come alone in the word. Like -dasph, never like in - fadd. Always written -ph in the word. A variation for this sound is the unvoiced bilabial fricative.

G g [ɡ], [x] - velar sound of g in - g arçon (French); for g et. It can also be affricated (very rare) when after closed vowels.

H h [h] - same English voiceless fricative glottal sound. Ex.: Danish - h edder or German - h eißen.

Ħ ħ [x] - voiceless fricative velar sound. It is writen -gh in the word, like -ghedronken / 'xe-dʀɔn-ken / =drunk or -draghe / 'dʀɑ-xe / =silver.

I i [i] - i sound, but not the short-i sound used in English in words like -b i t or -f i sh. It is made upper in the mouth, more closed. Ex.: -b ea t; sl ee p.

Ï ï [œy], [äʏ] - diphtonguized letter. It corresponds to a diphtong in Dutch though it is not exactly the same thing. It will sound like -h ui s or -gebr ui ken. For make it more clear, try to figure out how Irish people would say words like -ab ou t, -n ow, -m ou th. That is the correct form.

J j [ʝ] - voiced palatal fricative. Like in Dutch - j aar or in German - j unge, but with more frication.You should colese more the channel.

K k [k] - normal -k velar sound. There is no -ck combination.

L l [l] - It is like German or Danish. You should close all the channel. It is not the English -l. Ex.: -a l t, -e ll er, - l össen.

Ł ł [ɫ] - pharyngeal -l sound, but more like the English -w in - w ater, w aitress for forming syllables if you talk fast. Alone is the same -l in -bu l b, -wi ll. It is more close the Dutch -l like in -a l tijd, vo l k, maa l.

M m [m] - normal -m.

N n [n] - normal -n. It can also be palatalized if doubled, basically after/before -u, -i. Like in the word -fhuinneog / 'ŭiɲ-ʔ-ɲiəg / =window.

O o [ɔ] - open -o sound like -h o t but with lips rounded, made upper in the mouth. Check table.

Ö ö [ɘ] - it is hard to explain. I am not even sure about the correct IPA for it. It sound like -ɘ. Notice that it is not the Schwa. A closer example are words in Brazilian-Portuguese with have the -â character, but it is not nazalized as they do. If you know the character, try to say it with a pure sound (without nazalization), like in words as -eleg â ncia, - â ncora, l â mpada.

Ø ø [ø] - umlaut -o/e (lips rounded pronouncing -eh). Same IPA sound.

P p [p] - normal -p, a little bit aspirated.

R r [ʀ], [ʁ], [ɹ], [ɣ], [r] [ɰ] - very complex letter (has many sounds). Forming syllables (initial position) with -a, -å, -o, -u, -ö, -ë it is like German (uvular trill). Forming syllabes with -i, -oi, -io it is trilled in the alveoles (soft). With the remaining consonants, it is mostly a voiced velar fricative, though you can make it uvular if you get time. Inside of a word it is mostly uvular, but it can also be palatalized and velarized depending on the production of the preceding/following sounds. The same occurs in the end, depending on the sounds around it. The last IPA sound written above corresponds to a velar aproximant, used when the -r is before a long vowel. Ex: huu r s. In this case, the variation is the English -r, mostly used after -aa and -oo, although it can be used after any long vowel. It can also grow the level of speed in a vowel, somewhat like occurs in British English words like -fi r st, fai r, cu r e.

These changes in the sounds (called variations) are related to the time/duration of the speech. If you talk very fast, you will not have time to make the sound as the pattern. It takes (a little, okay, but it influences on the speech) time position the tongue in all sounds when they're much far in the mouth. If you talk slowly, then you should make them correctly (following the pattern.)

Ŕ ŕ [ɹ] - represented by -rh, same English -r. It can suffer a retraction. Check table.

S s [s] - normal -s sound like - s oup. Between vowels it has a LITTLE -z sound, very soft. It can be retracted in some cases. Check table.

Ş ş [ʃ] - like English -sh. Normally changed by the combination -skj.

Ś ś [tʃ] - like -ch in - ch eese, - ch eck, or -tj in Danish.Usually written -tskj.

T t [t], [tʰ], [ʔ], [ʔ:], [ɾ] - aspirated -t, but softer than C. Don't make confusion with it. It can be replaced by a stød (glottal stop) in some cases or be an soft Spanish R (tap), as in american-English -be tt er, -wa t er. See [d].

These changes in the sounds (called variations) are related to the time/duration of the speech. If you talk very fast, you will not have time to make the sound as the pattern. It takes (a little, okay, but it influences on the speech) time position the tongue in all sounds when they're much far in the mouth. If you talk slowly, then you should make them correctly (following the pattern.)

Ŧ ŧ [θ] - Like -th in English wi th or th ink.It is possible to write -th in the word, though the pattern is ŧ.

U u [u] - like -oo in -f oo t but made upper in the mouth, or Irish -ú. Check table.

Ü ü [y] [ʏ] - umlaut (u/i). Usually written -y.

V v [f] - just like -f, but for forming syllabes. Ex. -viertel (¼ - German), -vijf (5 - Dutch).

W w [v], [ʋ], [ⱱ] [β] - like -v in -have or -w in German -wohnen if forming syllabes alone, like -waar in Belgian-Dutch (Vlaams) if between vowels, a labial tap if the last vowel is more open. Hard -v sound between vowels is done by using the -bh combination.

X x [k͡s] - Like -ks.

Y y [d͡ʒ] - Same -j in English - j oke, - j aguar, - j erk. Remember it is also a vowel (ü).

Ÿ ÿ [ai] - sound of -ai like in German -k ei ne. Never used before -n, at the beginning and end of the word, being replaced by -EJ.

Z z [d͡z] - strong -dz sound. But in fast speech you will not have time to make it that strong.

Ź ź [z] [ʐ] - represented by -zh, same English -z sound in -cra z y. The variation for this sound is the Dutch production in - z ijn; which is a bit retracted. The normal -z character can represent this sound too, following some patterns.

Part 2 > Letters which suffer some konsonantal aspirazione.

It means some changing in the pronunciation. The tongue would be more relaxed. (Not for all of them.)

bh [v] - it is used for making the v sound between vowels, instead of ʋ, if w were used.

ch [c] - it is kind of Irish thing. Take a look to the IPA.

fh [---] - it doesn't represent any sound. It is used when the word starts with a diphtong that represents one unique sound and in words with more than 1 syllable.. Example: fhuinn / 'ŭiɲ-ʔ-ɲ / =mole

jh [ɟ] - the voiced combination for ch. Another Irish thing, in words like -Gaeil g e.

lh [ʎ] - same as Spanish -ll or Portuguese -lh in -ca ll e, cebo ll a; ca lh a, ma lh a, nava lh a.

mh [ʋˠ] [βˠ] - there isn't much to explain. It is just a velar ʋ sound (more approximant than fricative) which occurs in words like -ghrouwmharh / 'xɹau-βˠəɹ / =above average growth

It can also be approximant, depending on the context.

sh [ħ] - it is a pharyngeal sound, not very used around the European Community.

vh [b] - it is just a replacement for b, which can be used anywhere.

yh [ʒ] - it is the sound of -s in some English words like -mea s ure, -plea s ure, more common in French, like in -pla g e, eta g e.

nn [ɲ] - more Irish things. It is like Portuguese -nh in cami nh ão or Irish -nn in bhfui nn eog.

DIPHTONGS

> Which represent a single vowel

io [ɨ] - it is kind of hard to explain. You must check it on the audio sample. Example: fhiomhont / 'ɨvˠɔnt / =night;

io [ʉ] - it is the sound above but with lips more rounded. Example: fhoirëst / 'ʉ -ʀaʰst/ =forest;

ï ï [ɞ] - it is the /ɜ/ sound but with lips more rounded. It is not a common vowel because it is not completely voiced. You must interrupt a little the airflow in the glottis when pronouncing it. Example: trouwmhïïr / 'trˠau-βˠɞrˠ / =thunder;

oe [œ] - the ɛ sound, but with lips more rounded. Example: moelk / 'mœlk / =milk;

ie [ɪ] - the English -i sound in -b i t, -f i t;

ea [ɜ:] - long /ɜ/ sound, not rounded. Example: learskj / 'lɜ:ɰʃ / =deep or gheleard / 'xe-lɜ:ɰd / =learnt.

-en (end of word) [ə] - it is the Schwa in words like -int er national or -int er mediate. Only used in fast speech. Example: keennen / 'kĕin-ʔ-nə / =to know

>Which represents a long vowel

aa [ɑ:] - no secrets. It is just to make the ɑ sound bit longer. Example: spraaken / 'spʁɑ: -ken / =to speak;

åå [o:] - now making the o sound longer; Example: iblåån / i-'blo:n / =sometimes/occasionally

ij [i:] - same above, but for i sound. Example: hyveij / 'hy-fe-i: / =vagina;

oo [ɔ:] - same, but for ɔ. Example: joortskjen / 'ʝɔ:ɰ -tʃen / =see you later;

uu [u:] - now for u. Example: huurs / 'hu:ɰs / =horse.

>Other diphtongs

>>Schwa-vization

ëa [aʰə] - there is no many things to explain here. I will follow with examples: skjmëat / 'ʃmaʰət / =smart

ia/eo [iə] - Example: ghrian / 'xɣiən / or / 'xɹiən / =sun

oa [ɔə] - Example: loan / 'lɔən / =loan

ua [uə] - Example: ghruainn / 'xɣuəiɲ-ʔ-ɲ / or / 'xɹuəiɲ-ʔ-ɲ / =green

>>With e

ae [ɑe] - Example: Shaen / 'ħɑen / =proper name

ëe [aʰe] - Example: hëe / 'haʰe / =here

ue [ue] - Example: huerrk / 'huehk / =little horse

>>With i

ai [ɑi] - Example: domhaiŧ / dɔ -'vˠɑiθ / =very good

ei [ei] - Example: eirhskj / 'eiɹəʃ / =Irish

ui [ŭi̘] - Example: sjuimmen / 'ɧŭim-ʔ-men / =to swim

>>With u

au [ɑu] - Example: Rauph / 'ʀɑuf / =proper name

eu [ɔi] - Example: teulen / 'tʰɔi-len / =to talk

èu [eu] - Example: skjèulen / 'ʃeu-len / =to get up

iu [iu] - Example: semhiu / 'se-vˠiu / =lenition

ou [ɔu] - Example: kought / 'kɔuxt / =participle of cut

öu [ɘu] - Example: vröukyst / 'fɣɘu -kyst / =breakfast

>> Other

ee [ĕi(ʔ)] - Example: geebt / 'gĕibt / =participle of give or een / 'ĕi-ʔ-n / =indefinite article (a/an)

TRIPTONGS - QUADRIPTONGS

>Without final labialization

aai [ɑ:i] - Example: klaaim / 'kʰlɑ:im / =claim

aau [ɑ:u] - Example: Klaaus / 'kʰlɑ:us / =proper name laauw

eei [e:i] - Example: breeid / 'bɣe:id / =bread

eeu [e:u] - Example: leeuden / 'le:u-den / =climb a mountain

iju [i:u] - Example:

ieu [ɪu] - Example:

oou [o:u] - Example: woounen / 'vo:u-nen / =to live

> With final labialization aauw [ɑ:uʋ] - Example: laauw / 'lɑ:uʋ / =law

eeuw [eiuʋ] - Example: leeuw / 'leiuʋ / =lion

ieuw [ɪuʋ] - Example: nieuws / 'nɪuʋs / =news

ööuw [ɘ:uʋ] - lööuw / 'lɘ:uʋ / = low (with more emphazis)

> Others

ouw [au] - rhouw / 'ɹau / =row

SOME RULES (basic)

It has two forms to write. Separatif and Grøter. It means some changes in the structure.

Ex.: De kid er am heure höce (Separatif)

Kid de er heure höce m (Grøter)

Both meaning The kid is in his house

Den kwijnen här með heuren vamilien til de park gørt (Separatif)

Kwijnnen här heuren vamilien með park ke til gørt (Grøter)

Both meaning (The) little kids went to the park with their families

Grøter form can "compact" articles, prepositions or everything that has some influence in the noun.

The sentence order in Present Tense is SVO (Subject-Verb-Object)

I will represent separatif for S and grøter for G.

Ex.: Jag her een hönd (S)

Jag her hönd de (G)

Both meaning "I have a dog"

For past tenses (formed with the verb -to have) the order depends on the time that passes from the time of speaking.

Subject - Verb hagen (to have) in the present tense -      object      -      participle verb

JAG    |                HER                        |   EEN HÖND       |        SET

(I saw a dog) or I have a dog seen

Subject - hagen - participle verb - object

JAG    | HER  |      SAGT      |    DŸ

(I have told you)

=Example text & more = THIS IS A SIMPLE TEXT IN WHICH EVERYTHING HAPPENS ON THE PAST. IT IS IN THE SEPARATIPH FORM

Dét wer dét ......

Jester her een serr hanöf kwijnis með heare vamilie til de SkjopCentre gørt. Hear her i een störh een teu set. Hear her an heare mædre spørgt whis hear kune dat teu haggen.

De mædre her "jë" sagt en her dét keuvet. De kwijnis her står birkömt, så ðem her til hoom gørt.

THE SAME TEXT IN GRØTER FORM

Dét wer dét........

Jester her serr hanöf kwijni sse heare vamilie með SkjopCentre t til gørt. Hear her störhŕem teu tte set. Hear her heare mædre m spørgt whis hear kune teutte haggen.

Mædret her "jë" sagt en her dét keuvet. Kwijn sse her står birkömt, så ðem här hoom til gørt.

See the difference? The text can be littler and without little words like prepositions and articles.

PRONOUNS

In Vöxek, to express respect for someone is easy. It is just to use the correct pronoun and forms related to it.

INFORMAL

Jag - I

Du - You

Heu/Har/Dét - He/She/It

________________________

Wi - We

Dun - You (plural)

Ðem - They

FORMAL

Eek - I

Die/Jee - Sir (Mr/Miss) / You

Hee/Zhee/Deet - He/She/It

_____________________

  Wee- We

Dien/Jeen - Sir (plural) (Mrs/Miss's) / You (plural)

Ðee (Heen/Zheen/Deen) - They / He/She/It (plural)

VERBS - INFORMAL FORM

I am going to explain it using the informal way, baceuse it is the maneer which it is more used.

For the formal way, the grammar changes almost completely, becoming [almost] a new language] (okay I was kinda exagerated).

In Vöxek, the verbs have a particularity. They have plural form (!) Yes, thats it. If the verb is used with 1st, 2nd or 3rd person/plural and if it is regular, it goes to its plural form.

Infinitive -&gt; termination is unique, and correspond to the regular plural form: -en

Ex.: honen (to eat) &gt;&gt; radical: - hon ; ending: - en (to eat)

høren (to hear) &gt;&gt; radical: - hør ; ending: - en (to hear)

yorten (to think) &gt;&gt; radical: - yort ; ending: - en (to think)

Also, there is a form to express infinitive, used in some grammar parts i'll explain later.

It is by adding the word -att before the verb and removing the -en

att hon

att hør

att yort

PRESENT TENSE

Add -er to singular

So we have (Informal) &gt; Jag, Du, Heu/Har/Dèt &gt; hon er /hør er /yort er.

The other ones will be like the infinitive (plural).

Past tense

It is like examples in the beginning, with the verb -to have

TO HAVE = HAGGEN (irregular)

Jag her

Du her

Heu/Har/Dèt her

Wi här

Dun här

Ðem här

To the past tense (something that has finished), -hagen is conjugated in the present+verb participle

As I used singular examples above, now I use plural form.

&gt;&gt; Ðem här dét [jätt] sagt

(They said it or "They have it [already] said")

To express something that still happen, the order changes:

&gt;&gt; Ðem här sagt dèt

(They have been saying it or "They have said it")

Note the difference:

Ðem här dét sagt (finished)

Ðem här sagt dét (still in progress)

Just the order can tell you the difference. The words are the same (!)

To express things like -could, -would etc there are some words, but there is also a verbal time called -past vutur- that (I think) English does not have.

Basically, could = kune or kåd (it depends on where it is placed) and would = wune or wud

FUTURE

This can be simple for Indo-European languages speakers, because future is done by adding some futural word. Ex.: German: werden; Danish/Norwegian: skal ; Swedish: ska ; English: will  etc

Formula: Subject+wil+att+verb without -en+verb+object

Ex.: (S) Jag wil ät se een ønsk

(G) Jag wil ät se ønsk ke

There are more types of future, as happens to the past. I won't put here because its more complex. Free to message me, i can send my PowerPoints explanations.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NOUNS

As my personal opinion, I HATE male/female atribuitions for things. So I started to think about an structurated gender formation. Structurated doesn't mean difficult. By the way, it is the simpler one I know.

1. Articles (I hate them)

As all Indo-European languages have them, so Vöxek have them.

Before talk about articles, I have to explain the genders. In Vöxek there are 4 ones.

Know..

''KOOME GENDRE ; ENKER GENRE ; NEUTRE GENDRE [divided]&gt; käse 1 ; käse 2  Koome words are called '"K.E." '''words. By this name, you can always infer that a koome word will start by a consonant and end in a vowel.

Enker words are called''' "E.R." '''words. By this name, you can always infer that a enker word will start by a vowel and end in a consonant.

Neutre käse 1 is when the word is started and ended by a consonant

Neutre käse 2 is when the word is started and ended by a vowel

&gt;&gt;&gt;

Koomen separatiph artikelen AND Neutre1 separatiph artikelen

Singular                       Plural

 DE         Definited      (DEN) [not necessary]

EEN        Indefinited     ''' '''

Ex: De sÿne er i den strøde [after i, the article is always den, even if the word is not in the plural.]

(The sign is in the road)

Vomdëgh her jag een stør huurs set

(Today I saw a big horse)

Koomen grøter artikelen AND Neuter1 grøter artikelen ( ADD TO THE END )

Singular                     Plural

T     Definited

R     Indefinited

Ex.: Sÿnet er strødet am

Vomdëgh her jag stør huursse set

Höcet er stør, aben skjtaadtte (er) glið

(The house is big, but the city is little) - you do not need to put the verb -to be (er) again. Opcional.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

ALWAYS THE PLURAL OF THE NOUNS ARE DONE BY ADDIND -N OR -EN TO THE END

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Enken separatif artikelen AND '''Neutre2 ''' Singular                         Plural

ET / DE       Definited      (DEN) [not necessary]

EEN     Indefinited

>> ET/DE mean the same thing. The articulation of ET in those cases is more easy, but using DE is not wrong.

Ex.: Et ayer er stør

(The lamp is big)

 Et ønsk er ruug, aben et andre i (er) ikke

(A jaguar is vierce, but the other one is not)

Enken grøter artikelen AND '''Neutre 2 ''' Singular                                                                  Plural

doubled end letter + E         Definited             (Doubled end letter  + EN) [not necessary]

doubled end letter + ER       Indefinited

Ex.: Jag er parkkem nï

(I am at the park now)

Jag wil att wraçt leterrer RødRärremeð

(I will write a letter with the red pen)

Ðem här stør höndde en 4 (viert) kæten.

(They have a big dog and 4 cats)

''So I write little history, "grøtered". I wont mark the grøtered prepositions. Just see the articles.''

Dét wer dét ...

Kwijnner hÿsset Johann. Heu her kruugge nærlæpht, en her gehödt een gelant åp gøren ðär. Som'dëgh, Johann kune ikke warrten mörr timer. Heu er kruugge tilgørt.

... Heu her wålket .. äfterlederet ijnteressanten vijngenvor.. Heu leder arönd ..

Så står, PLÖSLIKT, Johann se leeuwbhe!

- Dét er såå  ruug!" - Heu her yortet.

Leeuwbhe her hunen heuvör skjtërktet. Plöslikt andre timerre, leeuwbhe her STØR gesjwijndskÿtte hapht. Johann her serr väst tretam apgørt.

Lendde vortæler ðët Johann her ikke dungørt, en her ðär døert.