Kanduadas

General information
Kanduadas is the official language and a national language of the country Kanduai on the planet of the Chesnon. Chesnon is the name in English of the species that speak it. They call themselves Cesvnvuti (singular Cesvnvu, masc. Cesvne, fem. Cesvn).

Phonology

 * The standard language is based on the dialect of Makiór [mäˈtʲ ɤ̞ɾ].

Consonants

 * [ʔ] appears (but isn't written) before a vowel at the beginning of a word. Unvoiced plosives codas tend to be changed to this in some dialects. And in most dialects including Makiór the glottal stop can still appear after a vowel that is ending a word (though it surfaces as glottalization). But in all other positions it has disappeared.
 * [ɹ] is the word-initial allophone of /ɾ/ in most dialects.
 * [n] is the colloquial intervocalic allophone of /ŋ/. Having a velar nasal while not having an alveolar nasal is virtually unheard of cross-linguistically.
 * [bʲ] is an allophone of /b/ before /i/ or /i/ and a vowel in some non standard dialects.
 * [tʲ~kʲ] is an allophone of /k/ before /i/ or /i/ and a vowel.
 * [j] is an allophone of /r/ before /i/ or /i/ and a vowel.
 * [ɫ] is an allophone of /l/ at the end of syllables.
 * Alveolar and post-alveolar fricatives cannot co-exist in a word. ex. sulvx [ˈsulɵ̞̃s]
 * [ts] is an allophone of /tʃ/ when in a word dominated by the alveolar fricative.

Vowels

 * The sounds are rounded or unrounded according to the rules of roundness harmony. The first vowel (that isn't V) dictates the roundness of a word.
 * [ɪ] is the colloquial allophone of /i/ when unstressed and unrounded.
 * [ə̃] is written V.
 * [ǝ] and [ɵ̞] are the unstressed, word-final allophones of /a/, /e/, and /o/.
 * /e/ and /o/ are lowered to mid when in a closed syllable (that is, the syllable ends in a consonant).
 * the diphthongs are Ai, Au, Ei, Eu, Oi, and Vu.

Stress
Stress is placed on the antepenultimate syllable unless otherwise indicated by an acute accent in the romanizations.

Alphabet
The Kanduadas orthography, Bakanduaxel, is an alphasyllabary. This page is written with the Latin transliteration shown below.

Pronouns


Nouns
Nouns decline according to case, gender, and number.

Case
The cases are:

Absolutive which used for the argument of an intransitive verb; Ergative which used for the subject of an transitive verb; and Accusative which used for the object of an transitive verb.

Gender
Gender is an interesting topic when talking about the Chesnon or their languages. they don't have male and female genders physically as we do. The gender called masculine represents the dominant sex, and also the one who gives birth to the young. The other, called feminine, represents the non-dominant sex, the one that doesn't give birth to the young.

The other two genders are a bit easier. The neuter represents inanimate objects and plants. And the androgynous represents unknowns (ex. Someone runs past you and steals your wallet. You don't know if they are a male or female.).

Now know that these definitions are not the rule, for there are many exceptions (like rine "stick" masc.).

Number
There are three numbers in Kanduadas. The singular is used when there is ≤|1| of something. The paucal is used differently in different dialects. In Makiór, the paucal is used whenever there is ≤|10| of something, unless there is ≤|1| of it. The plural is used for any quantity larger than the paucal.

Deixis
There are no indefinite or definite articles. Instead, Kanduadas uses demonstratives.

The Deitic positions are as follows:

Proximal: Anything that is close to the speaker.

Mesioproximal: Anything close to the listener.

Mesiodistal: Anything away from the speaker and the listener but still close by.

Distal: Anything away from the speaker and the listener and far away.