Yewchanese ( Classical )

Classification and Dialects
Mindá

Hæfufa

RamilukelosGamaQapa

Phonotactics
(C58)(V58)(C58)(V58)

Consonants

Glottal stops :

Co-articulated phonemes

Vowels Oral and Nasal

Mindá Dialect word - Bvgklpmnbzsqtkjlaman

Noun Classes
Class number    Prefix    Typical meaning

1              sapitá-    singular: persons

2              2opita-    plural: persons (a plural counterpart of class 1)

3              msa-    singular: plants

4              rtiga-    plural: plants (a plural counterpart of class 3)

5              gvprtsxlvni-    singular: fruits and veg

6              tifsiō-    plural: fruits and veg (a plural counterpart of class 5, 9, 11, seldom 1)

7              kimpit-    singular: things

8              regan-    plural: things (a plural counterpart of class 7)

9              nya-    singular: animals, things

10            khiārangi-    plural: animals, things

11            angganyinga-    language

15            khulit-    verbal nouns

16            sgt-    locative meanings: close to something

17            kim-    indefinite locative or directive meaning

18          dja-    locative meanings: inside something

19            o-    person

20            u-    person and friends/enemies

21                   mbnp-      food item

Cases
Cases

In Yewchanese there is 66 cases

Cases                        Prefix                  Use

Adessive                     -upana                adjacent location

Apudessive                 -chimpant            location next to something

Inessive                       - ulga                  inside something

Intrative                        -timdju                between something

Locative                       -ngamansei        location

Lative                           -nadju                moving into something

Essive                          -hagìna             specify the date

Limitative                      -apati              specify a deadline

Absolutive                     -djunmaha         experience

Ergative                        -iya                      subject of a transitive verb

Dative                            -inamaiyá            states who is receiving

Antessive                     -mila’itjok              before you are at the current location

Pertingent                     -komotà’               touching something

Postessive                     -jimfatali               behind something

Subessive                       -pirahã                under something

Superessive                    -dorotok               on top of something

Ablative                           -mintjaba             away from something

Adelative                          -palangk             movement somewhere near

Delative                            -tjakhao            movement from the top

Egressive                         -haminé             Beginning of a movement/time

Elative                              -montjok             Out of something

Initiative                         -pindzu                 Starting of a action

Postelative                   -gofanal               Movement from behind

Allative                     -tjiba                       To/onto something

ILLATIVE                 -inari                      Movement into something

Sublative                  -koffana            Movement below something

Superlative              -gamaRáG          Movement over something

Terminative             -uRaGé                        marking the end of something

Perlative              -gèsai’                  movement through and along

Prolative             -mattsekibbabbu        by way of through something

Ablative               -timos                    specifying a time of event

Essive 2                 -djhapang             specifying date/day when it happened

Temporal             -tha                       specifying a time

Instructive           -malikusospitãha    Answer question

Instrumental           -korokta               with something

Instrumental-comitative  -ofo              with the help of something

Aversive                          -karinti        avoiding something

Benefactive                    -anasas       benefit something

Benefactive-for               -pinokok      benefit with something

Causal                             karu-          because (of)

Causal-final                      -timasat     efficiency or final cause

Comitative                        -вonot         in company of something

Distributive                       -panahat    distributing by piece

Distributive-temporal        -pongotiba  how often something happens

Genitive                             -yuki          ownership of something

Ornative                             -gzibz       equipped with something

Privative                             -hariafi       without something

Similative                            -kofita        similarity to something

Sociative                             -ngo           with something

Partitive                              -kao          amount of something

Prepositional                       -tupiy       in/on/about something

Vocative                              -heris       addressing someone

Adverbial                            -komita    being something

Compraritive                      -hadi        simialarity to something

Equative                             -aru         comparing to something

Exessive                            -ilenile      transition from a condition

Formal                                -guwat     condition as a quality

Idential                               -kimulil     something is idential

Orientative                        -ikurapil     turned towards something

Revertive                          -nile            backwards to something

Translative 1                         pasħ-         change of condition

Translative 2                        -tupiyaka     turning into something

Causal-final                       -kerishi       efficient cause

Pegative                            -hapis        agent of the dative

Oblique                              -mer        concerning something

Ergative-genitive               -hipa       agent of possession

Disjunctive                       -niruhipa   Separating objects

Perlative                           -ngá         moving through/across/along

Elative                              -wodja         bring/carry out

Prolative                           -pana          expressing movement if their are multiplepeople

Agentive                     -gubeŷaŵa       specifies/asks about who/what

Passive                      -kmtskв        logical compliment of the transitive verb

Essive-modal             -tjblitátætkong  a way of being something

Essive-formal             -fbkhlyano        being a kind of a shape

Revertive                    -cyáhankopital  backwards/against something

Going in                      -matyalam        signals a person/group entering

Dropessive                  -mьa                dropping by somewhere/something

Aroessive                     -вatjittjie         going around something

Colours
Colours

clear - findzi

red - gam

blue - gundru

yellow - hyrwintrin

orange - gamwintrin

purple- gamundru

green - dundruwintrin

brown - hisab

black - hufan

white - hiqab

=
Colour Affixes ===== light colours findri-

dark colour hamat-

Tastes
plain - mahurut

rich - sunmuhut

sweet - hinzon

salty - sapitin

umami - tjiruyaka

spicy - unturuk

sour - fintiwa

bitter - yuksa

Numeretical System
Yewchanese has a base-20 counting system

1 - upis

2 - вa

3 - gom

4- oqrroᵹoi

5- haNa

6 - pᵹanai

7 - tjapal

8- scan

9 - djuis

10 - inqa

11 - iqn

12 - вьan

13 - qonjli

14 - haoak

15 -hoan

16 - monoro

17 - hanasasia

18 - 1aiya

19 - munok

20 -anayayan

200- moskel

2000- hurun

20000- makas

Person
1st person -hamas

2nd person -lugu

3rd person -maran

Clusivity
Clusivity term/affix

Exclusive -mandoul

Inclusive -badjol

Asking to be Included -khinhongh

Asking to be Excluded -palatanong

Asking for Included or Excluded -palangiti’

Noun Declensions
Just case + grammatical number and conjugating to things like Grammatical gender, tense, aspect, voice, mood and Number

Verb Conjugations
Present Indicative -amoa

Present Infinitive -asamoa

Present Indicative  -atumoi

Perfect Participle -khongguwi

Voices
Active  -humunsi

Passive -rupat

Reflexive -ungguli

Mood
Realis (actually the case)  -fakatangi

Indicative (factual statements) -tufkanan

Irrealis(not the case)  -tupiy

Subjuctive (expressing opinions/emotions) -fariu

Conditional (dependant on other conditions) -kaka

Optative (expresses wishes/hopes) -karupu

Imperative ( expresses direct commands/prohibitation/request) -kaká

Jussive (expresses exhortations) -kunun

Potential (expresses the most likely action/occurence) -ru

Aspect
Perfective -untsu ( Viewed Entirely)

Momentane -haru ( something that happened at once)

Perfect -ūf ( consenquences of a situation )

Prospective -inindeska (going to do something)

Imperfective -gofan ( something that never ended)

Habitual -kangapi ( something that the speaker used to do )

Grammatical Number
Singular -gafalam

Plural -djuham

Dual (2) -cghklqtrplkgmnzam

Trial (3) -kofalam

Quadral (4) -tinulong

Paucal (for a few) -kalaang

Distributive (distributing ) -fongoti

Collective ( all) -kanom^pi
 * m^, n^, ng^, and ny^ is a sign of prenasalisation

Word and Sentence Connecters
There is only one connecter and that is máñã

How do Categories and adjectives ?
Adjectives and grammatical categories must affixate to what it is relating to, if it is relating to a proper noun then, you have to add a dash.

Evidentiality
Evidential suffix is -nagál, The innix is -cátob- and the evidential prefix is rá-

Strait Forward Question Answering
Yes - manil

No- karun

Maybe- kututs

Question and Exageration Auxilaries
mi- for a question

kopfi- for a exageration

== Negation ==

parasì- to change to the obicite

(In)direct
==== For direct speech you explain by “” ==== For indirect speech you remove “” but use the word kamitas

Direct evidentiality is like i saw or witnessed while indirect evidentiality is like apparently.

====

Polypersonal Agreement
This is for verbal agreement, the innix for it is -mán-_______-dadjau__-angakhaoyeki you put two vowels

Non Finite Verbs
Non-finite verbs can’t affixate to categories or person, so basically is something that happened or telling not to make it happened the affix to change finite verbs to non-finite verbs is -kháo

Stress, Tones and Intonation
Primary Stress is marked by a ‘ Secondary Stress is marked by a ,

Tones are marked by diacritics

Syntax
free word order