Noslanic

The Noslanic language /nɔs'lanɪk/ is a constructed language (conlang) created by user Lemon82orange.

Consonants
¹ It is represented by n before consonants.

The alphabet
The Noslanic alphabet is based on the ISO basic Latin alphabet, but the Noslanic alfabetë is composed of 35 letters, 26 consonants and 9 vowels. Modified vowels have a diaeresis on the top, and modified consonants have carons. ð and þ come from the Icelandic alphabet, they even represent the same phonemes. The letter Q is the only letter from the basic Latin alphabet that isn't included. All the phonemes are represented by one character, except /ŋ/.

Aa Bb Cc Čč Dd Ðð Ee Ff Gg Ǧǧ Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Ňň Oo Öö Pp Rr Ss Šš Tt Þþ Uu Üü Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz Žž

The S rule
It usually takes place when adding suffixes to words, when combining nouns to form other words and when forming plurals.
 * When an S is added to an S, they become a Š. ss → š
 * When an S is added to a T, they become a C. ts → c
 * When an S is added to a C, they become a Č. cs → č

Plurals

 * The S rule takes place here. Example:
 * sens → senš (sense → senses)
 * hemt→ hemc (shirt → shirts)
 * salc → salč (salt → salts)
 * If the noun ends in any other letter, an s is added. Example: nebo → nébos (sky → skies)

Stress and accentuation
Noslanic words follow accentuation rules. They are the same for all words, no exceptions. Vowels with diaeresis (Ëë, Öö, Üü) would have a double acute accent (E̋e̋, Őő, Űű), not an accent over the diaeresis (Ë́ë́, Ö́ ö́, Ǘǘ).
 * The stress is on the last syllable if it ends in a consonant. Example: Azerbajǧan (Azerbaijan)
 * The stress is on the second-to-last syllable if it ends in a vowel. Example: patrë (father)
 * If the stress is somewhere else and the word doesn't follow the rules above, an acute accent is used to mark where the stress is. Example: psikóloga s  (psychology), húndu s  (dogs)

If an accent should be placed on a vowel marking a case (Ââ, Êê, Îî, Ûû, Ŷŷ), a grave accent is used (Àà, Èè, Ìì, Ùù, Ỳỳ).

Word order
Noslanic is a SOV language. This means the basic word order is subject + object + verb. Example:

If the sentence is translated literally, it would be Maria books reads.
 *  Marja lívrâs čitre.
 *  Marja  reads books.

Possessives
Possessives are: A letter is added depending on the last vowel the possessed noun has. Example:
 * Mož - My
 * Tož - Your (singular)
 * Sož - His/Her
 * Nož - Our
 * Tojž - Your (plural)
 * Sojž - Their
 * Vož - Your (singular, informal)
 * Vojž - Your (plural, formal)
 * Þuž- Its
 * Þujž- Their (non-human living things, objects, concepts)
 * Le može ljed. (My song)
 * Ly sojžy peý. (Their country)
 * La nojža ozjan. (Our ocean)

Positive
They work the same as possessives. Examples:
 * Smačnö bröð. (Tasty bread)
 * Grandë galaksjë. (Big galaxy)
 * Lödi kin. (Ugly child)
 * Blödǧa Marja (Bloody Mary)

Negative
It indicates that a word doesn't have a quality. The suffix -nje is added to the adjective root. If the adjective ends in n, it is replaced by an ň (see example at the first sentence below).
 * Gröňje xerb. (Non-green grass)
 * Ewropajnje grédar. (Non-European citizen)
 * Originalnje tjel. (Unoriginal story) - The story is not "unoriginal", but "not original", the words for English adjectives like "unoriginal" do not exist in Noslanic.

Superiority
The suffix -me is added to the adjective root. If the adjective root ends in -m, it is replaced by a -b (see example at the fourth sentence below).
 * Moža vejetal molme vat la toža sic. (My vegetable is smaller than yours)
 * Sujža dam bonme sic. (Their house is better)
 * Lës granpatrës vežme-tu syc. (The grandfathers are older than you)
 * Las lajňas uniforbe vat las sožas syc. (The lines are more uniform than yours)

Equality
The suffix -sa is added to the adjective root. If the adjective root ends in -s, -t or -c, the S rule occurs.


 * Las fraws bajča-tu syc. (The women are as equal as you)
 * On baryka žívnojsa-sa sic. (A wall is as alive as her)
 * Das padušas komfortnojsa vat las sožas syc. (Those pads are more comfortable than his)

Inferiority
The suffix -fe are added to the adjective root. If the adjective root ends in -f, it is replaced with a -v.
 * Je intelektalfe-suj sim. (I am less inteligent than them)
 * Saža műsik bornojfe sic. (Her music is less boring)
 * Tožas vestáðas granfe vat las sájžas syc. (Your clothes are less big than theirs)

Positive
The suffix -mü is added to the adjective root.
 * Tu altmü ses. (You are the tallest)
 * Suj žentnmü personës lu bóteju syc. (They are the most gentle people in the world)
 * Nuj bonmü sym. (We are the best)

Negative
The suffix -fü ​is added to the adjective root.


 * Suomla lajxfü lan sic. (Finnish is the least easy language)
 * Noj dumfü sym. (We are the least foolish people)
 * Ðis spagetis fawrnfü recet sic. (These spaghettis are the least hot recipe)

Personal pronouns
¹ Used for objects, concepts and non-human living things (animals, insects, bacteria...).

Conjugation

 * All verbs in infinitive end in er.
 * In order to conjugate a verb in the present tense, a suffix is added, replacing the infinitive suffix.
 * For the other tenses, a modal verb is used.
 * There are no irregular verbs.
 * In the participle, if the verb root ends in t, it is replaced with þ (see example at Passive voice table below).

Grammatical cases
Noslanic has 6 cases. However, declensions are not very complicated and work the same in all nouns.

Nominative
It marks the subject. It is also used if the word is placed in a sentence without verb and object. Words in nominative are not declined. Examples:
 * La cajša
 * The box
 * On garderob mítǧosa kriptric.
 * A wardrobe hides sockets.

Accusative
It marks the direct object. To decline a word in accusative, an â should be added. If the word ends with a consonant, the last vowel is replaced with it. Examples:
 * Moža graňa hemčâ tešic.
 * My grandma knits shirts.
 * Du mišku ân idiâ habic.
 * This cat has an idea.

Dative
It marks the indirect object. To decline a word in dative, an ê should be added. If the word ends with a consonant, the last vowel is replaced with it. Examples:
 * Des polizéses þê manê an armaja kofic.
 * These policemen buy that man a gun.
 * Jon an bronca Marjê gabric.
 * Jon gives Marja a present.

Locative
It states where something or someone is, and where it comes from. It would correspond to prepositions in, on, at, from and by. To decline a word in locative, an  û  should be added. If the word ends with a consonant, the last vowel is replaced with it. Examples:
 * Toži kind skûl sic.
 * Your child is at school.
 * Les ánreðs lû stûl syc.
 * The soups are on the table.
 * Të tekstë Arabilû sem.
 * This text is in Arabic.

Instrumental
It indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. To decline a word in locative, an  ŷ  should be added. I f the word ends with a consonant, the last vowel is replaced with it. Examples:
 * Je lë livrë ŷn pŷn srajbem.
 * I write the book with a pencil.
 * Ana lŷs lentŷ vidjem.
 * Anna sees with glasses.

Genitive
It indicates that a noun is the possessor of other. To decline a word in genitive, an î   should be added. I f the word ends with a consonant, the last vowel is replaced with it. Examples:
 * L'apyl lî lörîr.
 * The teacher's apple.
 * Le gred lîs bîrds.
 * The birds' city.

Vocabulary
Noslanic vocabulary is mainly composed of Romance, Germanic and Slavic words. It also includes some Celtic, Greek, Japanese and Turkic vocabulary.

Translations
''1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. 3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning — the first day.''
 * The first five verses of the Bible (Les ðíanojes verš lî Biblî)

''1 Comencaðû, Dews lâs nébâs ër lâ terâ dyt creater. 2 Aga, la tera formnojnje ër vojdnoja dyt ser, l'obskuritá lû superficjû lî dipþû sic, ër l'esprit Dewsî üb lûs vódûs dyt fluger. 3 Ër Dews dyt saxer, "Svet sic", ër svet dyt ser. 4 Dews vat le svet bone dyt ser dyt vidjer, ër Soj lâ svât l'obskuritù dyt separer. 5 Dews lê svêt "ðagtem" dyt njemer, ër Soj l'obskuritè "noč" dyt njemer. Ër noč ër jutrë syc — la ðíanoja ðag.'' ''Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book, called True Stories from Nature, about the primeval forest. It was a picture of a boa constrictor in the act of swallowing an animal. Here is a copy of the drawing.''
 * The first paragraph of The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

''En vec, van je eksâ jarsâ dyt haber, j'an magnifiknâj fotografaðâ lívrû dyt vidjer, Verdadojes Tjels Lî Naturî njemt, üb le primêj forêjs. An fotografaða ð'an constríktor boa aktû ð'an animal tragjer sic. Vot sic, an kopjaða lî dibujšaðî.''

Greetings

 * haj - hello, hi
 * bona ðag - good day
 * bonë jutrë - good morning
 * bonë tardë - good afternoon
 * bono noč - good evening
 * bona šlapaða- good night (lit. good sleeping)
 * adjó - goodbye, bye
 * Vak ses-tu? - How are you?
 * Je bon sem - I'm fine
 * Vak tože njem sic? - What's your name? (lit. How is your name?)
 * Je ta ljubem - I love you
 * Je sem... - I am...
 * Vak vež sem-tu? - How old are you?
 * Je habre ... jars vež - I'm ... years old (lit. I have ... years old)
 * Tu komes os...? - Where are you from? (lit. You come from...?)
 * bonkomt - Welcome

Colours

 * kolorë - colour
 * klar - bright
 * šad - dark
 * rot - red
 * oranž - orange
 * amarel - yellow
 * grön - green
 * turkwasë - turquoise, teal
 * blöv - blue
 * índigo - indigo
 * purprë - purple
 * lílak - lilac
 * pink - pink
 * bjelë - white
 * černë - black
 * graj - grey

Fruits

 * früt - fruit
 * apyl - apple
 * tomat - tomato
 * banana - banana
 * jordböra - strawberry
 * naranxë - orange
 * limó - lemon
 * limë - lime
 * sandia - watermelon
 * meló - melon
 * perë - pear
 * momo - peach
 * blövfrütkü - blueberry
 * rotfrütkü - raspberry
 * černfrütkü - blackberry
 * grosijer - currant
 * þerecë - cherry
 * plumë - plum

European countries

 * Únite-Königover - United Kingdom
 * Íngland - England
 * Këmry - Wales
 * Skotlynd - Scotland
 * Ejre-Nîrðs - Northern Ireland (lit. Ireland of the norths)
 * Ejre - Ireland
 * Frans - France
 * Espaňa - Spain
 * Portugal - Portugal
 * Dojčlant - Germany
 * Nederland - Netherlands
 * België - Belgium
 * Italja - Italy
 * Elaða - Greece
 * Suomi - Finland
 * Sverje - Sweden
 * Norgë - Norway
 * Danmark - Denmark
 * Rësia- Russian
 * Polska - Poland
 * Českja-Repúblika - Czech Republic
 * Majarorsag - Hungary
 * Latvija - Latvia
 * Lietuva - Lithuania
 * Esti - Estonia
 * Romynjë - Romania
 * Bëlgária - Bulgaria
 * Hërvacka - Croatia
 * Bosna-ër-Hercegóvina - Bosnia & Herzegovina
 * Serbia - Serbia
 * Škipërí - Albania

Time

 * tempa - time
 * sekonda - second
 * minuta - minute
 * hor- hour
 * ðag- day
 * menzë - month
 * jar - year
 * cinkjaraða - five-year period, lustrum
 * tenjaraða - decade
 * sikla - century
 * milenja - millenium
 * époka - era, time, age, period
 * pretérita - past
 * prezentë - present
 * futura - future
 * reložjo - clock
 * hentreložjo - watch
 * amanesaða - dawn, daybreak
 * jutrë - morning
 * mitðag- midday, noon
 * tardë - afternoon
 * krepúskula - twilight, crepuscule, dusk
 * noč - night
 * mitnoč - midnight
 * hiber - winter
 * e̋rax - spring
 * eté - summer
 * oþoňa - autumn, fall
 * műnðag - Monday
 * tűrðag - Tuesday
 * ódðag - Wednesday
 * þórðag - Thursday
 * frígðag - Friday
 * sáturðag - Saturday
 * sónðag - Sunday
 * janer - January
 * febrer - February
 * marce - March
 * april - April
 * maj - May
 * junë - June
 * julje - July
 * ogosta - August
 * septembrë - September
 * oktobrë - October
 * novembrë - November
 * dezembrë - December