Vöxek

=Setting= Vöxek is a language that I create since 2006. It does not have a basic objective, it is for fun and i always have fun with it. It is almost complete. The grammar is very easy and simple. I have been always thinking about making it very simple. Maybe the pronunciation can be hard sometimes, but it is just to adapt to your mothertongue. No worries.

In the beginning I had no notions of languages, but I studied various languages, so I understand a lot about this subject. Free to contact me.

email: [mailto:eid_monovoxx@hotmail.com eid_monovoxx@hotmail.com]

=Basic Grammar=

Grammar is based in Nordic and Indo-european languages. Some vocabularies are from Greek/Latin ruled by the Italian grammar and the alfabet has some Turkish/Polish influence. The formation of words characterized by a preposition is an idea i had from Finnish, a totally declinated language. The writting system has some Irish influence. Vöxek is very world wided.

ENGLISH - vocabularies, verbal times, prepositions, grammar

GERMAN - vocabularies, verbal times, prepositions, pronunciation, grammar, endings, numbers

DUTCH - double-letters (ee;aa;ij...), pronunciation, the alfabet song

DANISH - pronunciation, glottal stop, middled d (ð), vocabularies, grammar, some letters in the alfabet, some numbers

NORWEGIAN - same Danish

SWEDISH - vocabularies, endings

GREEK/LATIN - words that in English end with -tion are Latin/Greek, vocabularies

ITALIAN - endings - zione, vocabularies

POLISH/TURKISH - letters of the alfabet (with acute (visual changing): ex: ł, ś, ş, ç, etc)

FINNISH - endings, grammar

IRISH - sounds, writting, diphtonges

DEN NÖRGEN å NÖRGENNE (The numbers)

Vom 1 til 10⁶

ET ALVABET å ALVABETTE (The alfabet)

Part 1 > Pure letters

A a [ɑ] - closed, extended, lips not rounded. Like aw in Sh aw. It is the sound of á in Irish words like á lainn, t á etc. (Connacht/Ulster dialects).

Æ æ [æ] - almost like the Danish æ, but made lower in the mouth.

Ä ä [ɛ] - opened e sound like a in "f a st" (American accent) or "h ä hn" (German).

Å å [o] - very very closed o, almost with the mouth closing, rounded. Like å in Danish -forr å de, but more rounded.

B b [b] - normal B.

C c [t͡s] - sound of -ts like Esperanto -s c ien c o /stsientso/ or Z in German - z ahl, maga z in.

Ç ç [ç] - like -ch in German -mäd ch en (palatal).

D d [d], [dʰ], [ʔ], [ʔ:], [ɾ] - a little aspirated, like -dz but very soft if forming syllabes. The Brittish people use this D. When alone, it is not so aspirated, becoming a normal D. It can also be very soft, sounding like a tap-r like in American words like -body, -middle or t in -bottle, -myrtle when placed before opened vowels. Sometimes it can be "hidding"a soft glottal stop or a total glottal stop. For example, when it is in the ND combination before an opened vowel, it configures a total glottal stop: Slender /'slen-ʔ: ɐ/ = slender; Romnder /ʀɔmn-ʔ: ɐ/= spider

Ð ð [ð] - when forming syllabes is like -th in the English word th at. When alone is the middle sound of T and TH. Like -me d, hvi d (Danish) or -ma ð ur (Icelandic).

E e [e] - closed e sound like e in -h e la (Swedish); s ay, d ay , st ay (English) m i j (Dutch) - without the trace of ee sound in the end.

Ë ë [aʰ] - opened a sound like in -h e ight, with a bit more air.

F f [f] - normal f sound but it just can come alone in the word. Like -dasph, never like in - fadd. Always written PH in the word.

G g [ɡ], [x] - velar sound of g in - g arçon (French); for g et. It can also be affricated when after closed vowels.

H h [h] - voiceless fricative glottal sound. Ex.: Danish - h edder or German - h eißen.

Ħ ħ [x] - voiceless fricative velar sound. It is written GH in the word, like -ghedronken / 'xe-dɣɔn-kə / =drunk or draghe / 'dʀɑ-xe / =silver.

I i [i] - i sound, but not the short-i sound used in English in words like -b i t or -f i sh. Ex.: -b ea t; sl ee p.

Ï ï [œy], [äʏ] - diphtonguized letter. It corresponds to a diphtong in Dutch but not the same thing, like -h ui s or -gebr ui ken. Try to figure out how Irish people would say words like -ab ou t, -n ow, -m ou th.

J j [ʝ] - voiced palatal fricative. Like in Dutch - j aar or in German - j unge, but with more frication.

K k [k] - normal k velar sound. There is no -ck combination.

L l [l] - It is like German or Danish. You should close all the chanel. It is not the English L. Ex.: -a l t, -e ll er, - l össen.

Ł ł [ɫ] -velarized L sound, but more like the English w in - w ater, w aitress for forming syllabes. Alone is the same L in -bu l b, -wi ll.

M m [m] - normal m.

N n [n] - normal n. It can also be palatalized if doubled, basically after/before u,i. Like in the word -fhuinneog / 'ŭiɲ-ʔ-ɲiəg / =window.

O o [ɔ] - opened o sound like -h o t but with lips rounded, made upper in the mouth. Check table.

Ö ö [ɘ] - it is hard to explain. I am not even sure about the correct IPA for it. It sound like ɘ. Notice that it is not the Schwa.

Ø ø [ø] - umlaut o/e (lips rounded pronouncing e). Same IPA sound.

P p [p] - normal p, a little bit aspirated.

R r [ʀ], [ʁ], [ɹ], [ɣ], [r] [ɰ] - very complex letter (has many sounds). Forming syllabes (initial position) with -a, å, o, u, ö, ë it is like German (uvular trill). Forming syllabes with -i, -oi, -io it is trilled in the alveoles (soft). With the remaining consonants, it is a voiced velar fricative. Inside of a word it is mostly uvular, but it can also be palatalized and velarized depending on the production of the following vowel. The same occurs in the end, depending on the last vowel. The last IPA corresponds to a velar aproximant, used when the r is before a long vowel. It can also grow the level of speed in a vowel, somewhat like occurs in Brittish English.

Ŕ ŕ [ɹ] - represented by RH, same English R.

S s [s] - normal s sound like - s oup. Between vowels it has a LITTLE z sound, very soft.

Ş ş [ʃ] - like English -sh. Normally changed by the combination -SKJ.

Ś ś [tʃ] - like -ch in - ch eese, - ch eck, or tj in Danish.

T t [t], [tʰ], [ʔ], [ʔ:], [ɾ] - aspirated t, but softer than C. Don't make confusion with it. It can be replaced by a stød (glottal stop) in some cases or be an soft Spanish R (tap). As in american-English -be tt er, -wa t er. See [d].

Ŧ ŧ [θ]- Like th in English wi th or th ink.

U u [u]- like - oo in -f oo t but made upper in the mouth or Irish -ú.

Ü ü [y] [ʏ] - umlaut (u/i). Usually written Y.

V v [f] - just like -f, but for forming syllabes. Ex. -viertel (¼ - German).

W w [v], [ʋ], [ⱱ] - like -v in -have or -w in German -wohnen if forming syllabes alone, like -waar in Belgian-Dutch if between vowels, a labial tap if the last vowel is more opened. Hard V sound between vowels is done by using the BH combination.

X x [k͡s] - normal x, like -ks.

Y y [d͡ʒ] - Same j in English - j oke, - j aguar, - j erk. Remember it is also a vowel (ü).

Ÿ ÿ [ai] - sound of "ai" like in German -k ei ne. Never used before n, at the beginning and end of the word, being replaced by -EJ.

Z z [d͡z] - strong -dz sound.

Ź ź [z] - represented by ZH, same English z sound in -cra z y.

Part 2 > Letters which suffer some konsonantal aspirazione.

It means some changing in the pronunciation. The tongue would be more relaxed. (Not for all of them.)

bh [v] - it is used for making the v sound between vowels, instead of ʋ, if w were used.

ch [c] - it is kind of Irish thing. Take a look to the IPA.

fh [---] - it doesn't represent any sound. It is used when the word starts with a diphtong. Example: fhuinn / 'ŭiɲ-ʔ-ɲ / =mole

jh [ɟ] - the voiced combination for ch. Another Irish thing, in words like -Gaeil g e.

lh [ʎ] - same as spanish LL in -ca ll e, cebo ll a.

mh [ʋˠ] - there isn't much to explain. It is just a velarized ʋ sound which occurs in words like -ghrouwmharh / 'xɹau-ʋˠəɹ / =above average growth

sh [ħ] - it is a pharyngeal sound, not very used around the European Community.

vh [b] - it is just a replacement for b, which can be used anywhere.

yh [ʒ] - it is the sound of S in some English words like -mea s ure, -plea s ure etc.

nn [ɲ] - more Irish things. It is like Portuguese NH in cami nh ão or Irish NN in bhfui nn eog.

DIPHTONGS

> Which represent a single vowel

io [ɨ] - it is kind of hard to explain. You must check it on the audio sample. Example: fhiomhont / 'ɨvˠɔnt / =night;

io [ʉ] - it is the sound above but with lips more rounded. Example: fhoirëst / 'ʉ -ʀaʰst/ =forest;

ï ï [ɞ] - it is the /ɜ/ sound but with lips more rounded. Example: trouwmhïïr / 'trˠau-vˠɞr / =thunder;

oe [œ] - the ɛ sound, but with lips more rounded. Example: moelk / 'mœlk / =milk;

ie [ɪ] - the English -i sound in -b i t, -f i t;

ea [ɜ:] - long /ɜ/ sound, not rounded. Example: learskj / 'lɜ:ʃ / =deep or gheleard / 'xe-lɜ:ɰd / =learnt.

-en (end of word) [ə] - it is the Schwa in words like -int er national or -int er mediate. Example: keennen / 'kĕin-ʔ-nə / =to know

>Which represents a long vowel

aa [ɑ:] - no secrets. It is just to make the ɑ sound bit longer. Example: spraaken / 'spʁɑ: -kə / =to speak;

åå [o:] - now making the o sound longer; Example: iblåån / i-'blo:n / =sometimes/occasionally

ij [i:] - same above, but for i sound. Example: hyveij / 'hy-fe-i: / =vagina;

oo [ɔ:] - same, but for ɔ. Example: joortskjen / 'ʝɔ:ɰ -tʃə / =see you later;

uu [u:] - now for u. Example: huurs / 'hu:ɰs / =horse.

>Other diphtongs

>>Schwa-vization

ëa [aʰə] - there is no many things to explain here. I will follow with examples: skjmëat / 'ʃmaʰət / =smart

ia/eo [iə] - Example: ghrian / 'xɣiən / or / 'xɹiən / =sun

oa [ɔə] - Example: loan / 'lɔən / =loan

ua [uə] - Example: ghruainn / 'xɣuəiɲ-ʔ-ɲ / or / 'xɹuəiɲ-ʔ-ɲ / =green

>>With e

ae [ɑe] - Example: Shaen / 'ħɑen / =proper name

ëe [aʰe] - Example: hëe / 'haʰe / =here

ue [ue] - Example: huerrk / 'huehk / =little horse

>>With i

ai [ɑi] - Example: domhaiŧ / dɔ -'vˠɑiθ / =very good

ei [ei] - Example: eirhskj / 'eiɹəʃ / =Irish

ui [ŭi̘] - Example: sjuimmen / 'ɧŭim-ʔ-mə / =to swim

>>With u

au [ɑu] - Example: Rauph / 'ʀɑuf / =proper name

eu [ɔi] - Example: teulen / 'tʰɔi-lə / =to talk

èu [eu] - Example: skjèulen / 'ʃeu-lə / =to get up

iu [iu] - Example: semhiu / 'se-vˠiu / =lenition

ou [ɔu] - Example: kought / 'kɔuxt / =participle of cut

öu [ɘu] - Example: vröukyst / 'fɣɘu -kyst / =breakfast

>> Other

ee [ĕi(ʔ)] - Example: geebt / 'gĕibt / =participle of give or een / 'ĕi-ʔ-n / =indefinite article (a/an)

TRIPTONGS - QUADRIPTONGS

>Without final labialization

aai [ɑ:i] - Example: klaaim / 'kʰlɑ:im / =claim

aau [ɑ:u] - Example: Klaaus / 'kʰlɑ:us / =proper name laauw

eei [e:i] - Example: breeid / 'bɣe:id / =bread

eeu [e:u] - Example: leeuden / 'le:u-dɘ / =climb a mountain

iju [i:u] - Example:

ieu [ɪu] - Example:

oou [o:u] - Example: woounen / 'vo:u-nɘ / =to live

> With final labialization aauw [ɑ:uʋ] - Example: laauw / 'lɑ:uʋ / =law

eeuw [eiuʋ] - Example: leeuw / 'leiuʋ / =lion

ieuw [ɪuʋ] - Example: nieuws / 'nɪuʋs / =news

ööuw [ɘ:uʋ] - lööuw / 'lɘ:uʋ / = low (with more emphazis)

> Others

ouw [au] - rhouw / 'ɹau / =row

SOME RULES (basic)

It has two forms to write. Separatif and Grøter. It means some changes in the structure.

Ex.: De kid er am heure höce (Separatif)

Kid de er heure höce m (Grøter)

Both meaning The kid is in his house

Den kwijnen här með heuren vamilien til de park gørt (Separatif)

Kwijnnen här heuren vamilien með park ke til gørt (Grøter)

Both meaning (The) little kids went to the park with their families

Grøter form can "compact" articles, prepositions or everything that has some influence in the noun.

The sentence order in Present Tense is SVO (Subject-Verb-Object)

I will represent separatif for S and grøter for G.

Ex.: Jag her een hönd (S)

Jag her hönd de (G)

Both meaning "I have a dog"

For past tenses (formed with the verb -to have) the order depends on the time that passes from the time of speaking.

Subject - Verb hagen (to have) in the present tense -      object      -      participle verb

JAG    |                HER                        |   EEN HÖND       |        SET

(I saw a dog) or I have a dog seen

Subject - hagen - participle verb - object

JAG    | HER  |      SAGT      |    DŸ

(I have told you)

=Example text & more = THIS IS A SIMPLE TEXT IN WHICH EVERYTHING HAPPENS ON THE PAST. IT IS IN THE SEPARATIF FORM

Dèt wer dèt ......

Jester, een serr hanöf kwijnis her með häre vamilie til de ShoppingMall gørt. Har her an some störh een tojt set. Har her om häre mædre spørget wis har kune dat tojt hagen.

De mædre her 'jë sagt en her dèt keuvet. De kwijnis her ståra birkomt en så ðem wer til hoom gørt.

THE SAME TEXT IN GRØTER FORM

Dèt wer dèt........

Serr hanöf kwijni sse her häre vamilie með ShoppingMall til gørt. Har har some störam to jtte set. Har her häre mædre m spørget wis har kune tojtte hagen.

Mædret her 'jë sagt en her dèt keuvet. Kwijn sse her ståra birkomt en så ðem här hoom til gørt.

See the difference? The text can be littler and without little words like prepositions and articles.

PRONOUNS

In Vöxek, to express respect for someone is easy. It is just to use the correct pronoun.

INFORMAL

Jag - I

Du - You

Heu/Har/Dèt - He/She/It

________________________

Wi - We

Dun - You (plural)

Ðem - They

FORMAL

Jag - I

Die - Sir (Mr/Miss)

Won - You

_____________________

Jagen - We

Dien - Sir (plural) (Mrs/Miss's)

Ðem/Wøn - They/You (plural)

VERBS

In Vöxek, the verbs have a particularity. They have plural form (!) Yes, thats it. If the verb is used with 1st, 2nd or 3rd person/plural and if it is regular, it goes to its plural form.

Infinitive -&gt; termination is unique, and correspond to the regular plural form: -en

Ex.: honen (to eat) &gt;&gt; radical: -hon ; ending: - en (to eat)

høren (to hear) &gt;&gt; radical: -hør ; ending: -en (to hear)

yorten (to think) &gt;&gt; radical: -yort ; ending: -en (to think)

Also, there is a form to express infinitive, used in some grammar parts i'll explain later.

It is by adding the word -ät before the verb and removing the -en

ät hon

ät hør

ät yort

PRESENT TENSE

Add -er to singular

So we have (Informal) &gt; Jag, Du, Heu/Har/Dèt &gt; hon er /hør er /yort er.

The other ones will be like the infinitive (plural).

Past tense

It is like examples in the beginning, with the verb -to have

TO HAVE = HAGEN (irregular)

Jag her

Du her

Heu/Har/Dèt her

Wi her

Dun här

Ðem här

To the past tense (something that has finished), -hagen is conjugated in the present+verb participle

As I used singular examples above, now I use plural form.

&gt;&gt; Ðem här dèt [jätt] sagt

(They said it or "They have it [already] said")

To express something that still happen, the order changes:

&gt;&gt; Ðem här sagt dèt

(They have been saying it or "They have said it")

Note the difference:

Ðem här dèt sagt (finished)

Ðem här sagt dèt (still in progress)

Just the order can tell you the difference. The words are the same (!)

To express things like -could, -would etc there are some words, but there is also a verbal time called päst vutur that (I think) English does not have.

Basically, could = kune or kåd (depends on where it is placed) and would = wune or wud

FUTURE

This can be simple for Indo-European languages speakers, because future is done by adding some futural word. Ex.: German: werden; Danish/Norwegian: vil ; Swedish: vill ; English: will  etc

Previously, this particle was -wirt, but in day-speech it is easier to use -wil. So I use -wil here.

Formula: Subject+wil+ät+verb without -en+verb+object

Ex.: (S)       Jag    wil            ät se                         een ønsk

(G)             Jag      wil        ät se                         ønsk ke

There are more types of futur, as happens to the past. I won't put here because its more complex. Free to message me, i can send my PowerPoints explanations.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NOUNS

As my personal opinion, I HATE male/female atribuitions for things. So I started to think about an structurated gender formation. Structurated doesn't mean difficult. By the way, it is the simpler one I know.

1. Articles (I hate them)

As all Indo-European languages has it, so Vöxek has it.

Before talk about articles, I have to explain the genders. In Vöxek there are 4 ones.

Know..

''KOOME GENDRE ; ENKER GENRE ; NEUTRE GENDRE &gt; käse 1 ; käse 2  Koome words are called '"K.E." '''words. By this name, you can always infer that a koome word will start by a consonant and end in a vowel.

Enker words are called''' "E.R." '''words. Do I need to explain why?

Neutre käse 1 is when the word is started and ended by a consonant

Neutre käse 2 is when the word is started and ended by a vowel

&gt;&gt;&gt;

Koomen separatif artikelen AND Neutre1 separatif artikelen

Singular                             Plural

 DE         Definited      (DEN) [not necessary]

EEN        Indefinited     ''' '''

Ex: De sÿne er an de strøde

(The sign is in the road)

Heute her jag een stør huurs set

(Today I saw a big horse)

Koomen grøter artikelen AND Neuter1 grøter artikelen ( ADD TO THE END )

Singular                     Plural

T     Definited

R     Indefinited

Ex.: Sÿnet er strødet an

Heute her jag større huurs set

Höcet er stør, abst byt (er) glið

(The house is big, but the city is little) - you do not need to put the verb -to be (er) again. Opcional.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

ALWAYS THE PLURAL OF THE NOUNS ARE DONE BY ADDIND -N OR -EN TO THE END

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Enken separatif artikelen AND '''Neutre2 ''' Singular                         Plural

ET        Definited      (DEN) [not necessary]

EEN     Indefinited

Ex.: Et ayer er stør

(The lamp is big)

 Et ønsk er ruug, abst et andre i (er) ikke

(A jaguar is vierce, but the other one is not)

Enken grøter artikelen AND '''Neutre 2 ''' Singular                                                                  Plural

doubled end letter + E         Definited             (Doubled end letter  + EN) [not necessary]

doubled end letter + ER       Indefinited

Ex.: Jag er parkkem nëł'

(I am at the park now)

Jag wil ät wraçt leterrer RødRärremeð�

(I will write a letter with the red pen)

Ðem här større hönd en 4 (viert) kæten.

(They have a big dog and 4 cats)

''So I write little historie, "grøtered". I wont mark the grøtered prepositions. Just see the articles.''

Dèt wer dèt ...

Kwijnner këlet Johann. Heu her kruugge nærlijvet, en her gehöt een gelant åp gøren ðär. Som'dëg, Johann kune ilke warrten mörr timer. Heu är kruugge tilgørt.

... Heu her wålket .. äfterlederet ijnteressanten vijngenvor.. Heu leder arönd ..

Så står, PLÖSLIKT, Johann se KINOR!

- Dèt er såå  ruug!" - Heu her yortet.

Kinor her hunen heuvor stërktet. Plöslikt agajn, kinot her STØRRE geskjwijndskÿt haft. Johann her serr väst tretam apgørt.

Lendde vortæler ðët Johann her ikke dungørt, en her ðär døert.