Lalakhmet

General Information
This language is based on Arabic grammatically and phonologically-ish. Lalakhmet is a vernacular, a priori language spoken in Mauritania, the country where Shax spoken. It is official alongside Shax. The goal is for an "semanitlang."

(Baghdad font: " word " )

Consonant
Note that I used velar for uvular sounds as well because [χ] and [ʁ] are allophones of [x] and [ɣ] respectively and [q] is viewed [kˤ] phonemically but is almost always articulted as [q] All consonants except [h] can be geminate

(*) geminate [l] and [l] before [ɑː] become [ɫ]

Vowel
Allowed diphthongs are [aɪ̯], [æʊ̯], [ɪʊ̯], [uɪ̯]

Abjad
Lalakhmet is written with the Arabic script, but the Latin script is also used.

Semi-Abjad Letters and Romanization
The bold latin letters are the official romanization, and the others are unofficial, often used romanizations. Rom. = romanization; Is. = Isolated; In. = Initial; Md. = Medial; Fn. = Final

Diacritics and Alifs
Alif, ا, is used here because it has null value in Lalakhmet. This represents [æ]. The romanization is . This represents [e]. The romanization is  or . The represents [o]. The romanization is   or . This makes a consonant geminate. This letter cannot go over ه. The romanization of geminate letters is that you write the letter twice. This means that the letter that it goes over doesn't have a vowel. Though, it it often ommited because it's redundant as a letter without a diacritic is also interpreted as having no vowel. These represent [ʔæ], [ʔe], and [ʔo] respectively. Note that أ is just [ʔ] with a sukun over it. These represent [ʔɑː], [ʔiː], and [ʔuː] respectively. Note that the sukun is omitted, usually. This represents [ɑː]. Its romanization is <Ā> or . Note that the sukun is omitted, usually. This represents [iː]. Its romanization is <Ī>, , or . Note that the sukun is omitted, usually. This represents [uː]. Its romanization is <Ū>, , or . Note that the sukun is omitted, usually. This represents [aɪ̯]. Its romanization is  or rarely  or  or even more rarely <Â>. This represents [ɑʊ̯]. Its romanization is  or rarely  or  or even more rarerly <Å>.
 * اَ
 * اِ
 * اُ
 * اّ
 * اْ
 * أ، ئ، ؤ
 * ءَاْ، ءِیْ، ءُوْ
 * ـَاْ
 * ـِیْ
 * ـُوْ
 * ـَیْ
 * ـَوْ

Verbs
Verbs work as most semitic languages do: they use a triliteral root system (explained futher under Stems). Vowels and certain affixes are placed around the consonant base to make the word. Person and number are indicated through prefixes; tense/aspect, mood, voice, and form* are indicated through varying vowel and/or affix placement.

(*) Form is term in Lalakhmet and Arabic to describe miscellaneous conjugations: causative (caused by), reciprocal (with each other), associative (with), secondary (where the definition is different but closely related to the original verb), metamorphic (becoming or turning into the verb), and potential (to be able to do the verb).

Person and Number
Pro refers to the full pronoun form (which is redundent and not often used because it's already in the conjugation); Fix refers to the morphological affix from of the pronoun which attaches itself to the verb to express person and number which are combined: non-past forms as prefixes and past forms are suffixes. Note that the T and V represent the familiar and respectul forms of each pronoun (from T-V Distinction)

Tense/aspect, mood, and voice
This is the true fusional morphology. This is where a collection of vowels determins the tense/aspect (imperfect, aorist, non-past), mood (indicative, subjunctive, optative, imperative, jussive, exhortative), voice (active or passive), and formality (familiar, T, or formal, V). Note that the imperative, jussive, and exhortative can only be in the non-past; the imperative and jussive can only be in the 2nd person, and the exhortative can't be in the 1st person.

C¹, C², and C³ are the first, second, and third root consonant respecfively. -P- is the person/number affix. -P`- is the person/number affix without its final vowel/consonant (ex: the jussive active familiar 2nd person singular f-ŗ-l root, فَعَلْتْ - faŗalt where the subjunctive is فَعَلْتِ - faŗalti).V represents the variable vowel found in the standard indicative forms*.

(*) The variable vowel refers to the vowel which must be known with the verb root. This vowel can only be the middle/final vowel and changes (note that the non-past and aorist share this variable vowel; the change occurs when going from non-past/aorist to imperfect): V-Umlaut a > ī; ā > ay i > a; ī > u u > aw; ū > ī ''              This same patter, called in Lalakhmet the v-umlaut (v for variable vowel), is used on C¹'s first vowel, when going from Subjunctive to Optative and Jussive to Exhortative. (this is pre-done)''

Another umlaut, the g-umlaut, is shown below⇩ Note that the g-umlaut doesn't hold a grammatical function, but is something automatic that happens in every word.

G-Umlaut wu > wi wū > wī uw > ū CwC > CūC ––––––––– yi > yu yī > yū iy > ī CyC > CīC

Stems
The lexicalized "pure" form of a verb isn't one that's used. In Arabic, it's C¹a-C²V-C³a; in English, it's C¹-C²-C³~V.

As mentioned before, Lalakhmet uses triliteral verb conjugations where there is a three consonant root around which vowels and affixes are placed to conjugate. In Lalakhmet, roots have restriction to what a root may be: [ʔ] can only be C¹; [w] and [j] cannot be C³; geminates cannot be C¹/C²; and [h] cannot be C³. Verb conjugations differ according to the type of stem there is of which there are four types: perfect, geminate/double, weak, fluid, and ’alif. Perfect roots are where C¹, C², and C³ don't have [w], [j], or [ʔ] as one of the C's; Geminate roots are where C² and C³ are the same; Weak roots are where C¹ is [w] or [j]; Fluid roots are where [w] or [j] is C²; and ’Alif roots are where C¹ is [ʔ].

Note that some of these stem rules overlap (for example, the root y-f-f~i which is a weak and geminate root at the same time), and because of this, there is a hierarchy of which stem to use with 1 taking the highest priority and 5 the lowest:
 * 1) Geminate
 * 2) Weak
 * 3) ’Alif
 * 4) Liquid
 * 5) Perfect

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