Yaksōnian

Yaksōnian (natively known as Venēmīas) is a language that was formerly spoken by everyone in the areas around Yaksōn in the northwestern side of the Prorinvian peninsula in the planet Levarianqueva (derived from Yaksōnian Levāriānqlēva /lɛˈwɐː.rɪ̯ɐːnˌq͡ʟeː.wa/, which translates to "Realm of the Gods"), an earth-like planet orbiting a sun-like G2V star 43 light years away from Earth with traces of human colonization of the system, which is inhabited by a sapient, nocturnal descendant of American alligators on Earth.

Closely related languages were formerly spoken in Prorin and surrounding areas in 10,000 BC (Before the Collapse), but as millenia progressed, it began losing ground to the Qlerevi languages, spoken by ancestrally nomadic groups that eventually became sedentary, and took advantage of Yaksōnian disunity to expand further west towards the Ezen Ocean. The final Yaksōnian city, the city of Venēm, was a prospering city, managing to defend itself from outside invaders and even expanding into the surrounding areas, until a series of corrupt kings and the rediscovery of human technology led to the collapse of the Venēmian empire into a series of city states. This allowed for Meyānisian invaders from the west to take over in 53 AC (After the Collapse), taking advantage of the disunited nature of the Venēmian remnants and reverse-engineered human technology which was found all over the eastern sides of the Prorinvian peninsula, razing the city of Venēm to the ground and setting up a long-lasting rivalry between the Yaksōnian and Meyānisian peoples.

This marked the temporary end of Yaksōnian as a native language for the commoners, but it survived as the language of the nobility of future Yaksōnian kingdoms and empires. This ended up working in the nobles' favor, as Yaksōnian and the Qlerevi languages were two totally different mutually unintelligible languages, so that the commoners were unable to leak the nobles' plans to the rest of the kingdom unless they learned the language, which often took years and often decades just for an average peasant to master it. Plus, the conservative nobles wanted to distance themselves from the invaders who absolutely destroyed and ruined Yaksōn using sonic weaponry, implementing strict language laws and prescriptivisms that said that the Yaksōnian language was the only one allowed to be spoken in nobility, government, and the military. Eventually, the commoners were assimilated in language to match the language of "high culture" and nobility, with little language change occuring over the past two thousand years due to strong prescriptivist policies enforced by the higher classes. Regardless, the language had loaned some lexical and grammatical influence to Qlerevi languages spoken in the western side of the Prorinvian peninsula, and is a historically significant language even in the current year (2354 AC).

This language is an a priori naturalistic conlang, with main inspirations from Indo-European languages such as Tocharian (main), Old English, Russian, Latin, and Hindustani, with some grammatical influences from non-Indo-European languages such as Georgian, Basque, Finnish, and Classical Nahuatl, and some phonological influences from conlangs made by Big Lang YouTubers such as Nekāchti and Arodjun.

Consonants

 * (*) /ŋ/ only occurs before /k/ or /q͡ʟ/. However, it is phonemic, as the clusters /nk/ and /nq͡ʟ/ exist as well.
 * (**) It has been argued that the sound /q͡ʟ/ was brought over as influence from the neighboring Qlerevi languages. However, this was proven to be false, as the sound is very rare outside of northwestern Prorinvian languages, either Macro-Yaksōnian or Qlerevi, and is very rare in other Qlerevi languages outside of borrowings from Yaksōnian and other Macro-Yaksōnian languages.
 * Non-geminated obstruents other than /q͡ʟ/ become voiced between vowels.
 * Consonant gemination is phonemic, and is used to distinguish between words like <ātte> "night (Alligatoris sapiens ' equivelant to a day)" and <āte> "thief, bandit."

Vowels

 * (*)The short and long variants of /u/ only occur in loanwords.
 * Short vowels become non-syllabic when next to another vowel. Long vowels become short in this environment.

Stress
Stress falls on the first syllable only if it contains a long vowel. If there isn't a long vowel in the first syllable, stress goes to the first long vowel in the word. Otherwise, if there are no long vowels in the word, stress defaults to the first syllable for two-syllable words and three-syllable words, and the antipenultimate in all other words.

Phonotactics
Yaksōnian's general syllable structure is (O)(S)V(C), where O represents any obstruent, S represents any sonorant, V represents any vowel, and C represents any consonant. No word is allowed to begin or end with a cluster. A general cluster contains of an optional sonorant, sibilant, or /k/, followed by an optional obstruent (/q͡ʟ/ is not allowed to be in a cluster which ends in /r/, and two non-affricate sibilant sounds are not allowed to be next to each other), followed by /r/.

Nouns
Nouns decline for two genders (animate, inanimate), seven cases (nominative, accusative, ergative, genitive, dative, prepositional, and adessive), three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), and definateness. Nouns have five declensions, three animate and two inanimate. The language used to have more cases, but were eroded over time via sound changes. Older versions of the language used to have 13 cases, but it was reduced to 7 cases by the time of the Venēmian Empire (493 BC to 1 AC). No further case loss has occured due to the strong prescriptivism enforced by the conservative nobility.

Cases and their Functions

 * Nominative - The subject of a verb in non-perfect tenses. Usually unmarked in the singular indefinate form.
 * Accusative - The direct object of a transitive verb, and the subject of an intransitive verb in perfect tenses.
 * Ergative - The subject of a transitive verb in perfect tenses, and describes motion towards the noun when the verb is in imperfect tenses. Also used as a vocative case, as the vocative case merged with the ergative case early in the language's history.
 * Genitive - The possessor in a possessive phrase if in English you can replace the word "of" with "for" and the phrase a similar meaning, and describes motion away from the noun.
 * Dative - The main indirect object of a bitransitive verb. All other indirect objects receive the ergative case.
 * Prepositional - Describes motion towards the noun when the verb is in perfect tenses. Also used as a general prepositional case.
 * Adessive - Describes motion in, on, or at the noun. It is also used to mark the possessor in a possessive phrase if in English you can replace the word "of" with "for" and the phrase a totally different meaning: e.g. "the war of the king of France" would be "war-NOM.DEF.SG France-GEN.DEF.SG king-ADE.DEF.SG" in Yaksōnian gloss, with "the king" taking the adessive case instead of the genitive case.

Declensions
WIP