Alamanalya

Vowel Length and Diphthongs
Vowels are often regular length (hence explaining the low amount of words beginning in "õ" and those containing "u"), but they can be lengthened. Just like in Estonian and Finnish orthography, this is done by writing the vowel twice. For example:

tî d ruke (girl) - /tydru.ke/ vs. tî d ruuke (quilt) - /tydruːke/

mõke (steel) - /mɤke/ vs. mõõke (waterfall) - /mɤːke/

Diphthongs are also quite rare, but do occur at times. Diphthongs with the sound ɪ are usually made with the letter ly rather than i.

Nouns
There are four classes of nouns: those ending in -is (I, or clanaun), those ending in -a or -e (II, or clanadî), those ending in î or õ (III, or clanathalyar), and those ending in -o (IV, or clanavist). They can be declined into eight cases: nominative, accusative/dative, genitive, prepositional, instrumental, comitative, ablative, and semblative. They are also declined by number, either singular, dual, or plural, when no article or other means of disambiguation are attached. When there is an article, the singular form is always used.

There are a very small amount of nouns that have a nominative form ending in "i" and "ö". In all cases but the nominative case, these are declined like class I nouns.

Diminutive "të"
When the diminutive suffix "të" is applied to a word, it is declined like a class II noun. The  s va replaces the letter e when the word is declined, but not the letter a. For example, the word banikotë (little bed), is declined as:

Other Nouns Ending in Ë
Some nouns, such as hyöfë (park), don't have an apparent noun class. To find the right class, letters must be removed from the end until the next declinable vowel or cluster (a, e, i, î, is, o, ö) has been reached. The noun hyöfë is in class I, because the last declinable vowel is ö (hyö fë ).

Articles
The definite article is attached as a suffix, while the indefinite article is a separate word placed before the noun. If the first letter of the article is a vowel, it is left out when added as a suffix to a noun ending in a vowel. The opposite applies to nouns ending in a consonant.

Pronouns
Personal pronouns are declined into five cases. They are not marked by gender. The genitive pronoun, as a suffix or a separate word after a noun, also is used for possession.

In the chart below, (S) represents the singular form, and (P) represents the plural form.

Verbs
Verbs have two infinitive endings: -ad, and -õd. There are four tenses: present, past, future, and imperative.

There are only two irregular verbs: lyõd "to be", and nad "to have".

Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives are attached to the beginning of the noun they describe and often end with consonants (some speakers, especially those of the Eastern dialect, add in a connecting vowel of their choice, often a or ë). They are invariable by case. (i.e. rööd + siga + er becomes röödsigar, the red pig NOM; rööd + siget + er becomes röödsigeter, the red pig ACC). Adjectives also double as adverbs when the suffix -i is attached (i.e. tahy + i becomes tahyi, quickly). For the rare number of adjectives that end with a vowel, the final vowel changes to i (i.e. bloode + i becomes bloodi, lazily).

Conjunctions
There are three main conjunctions: os (and), l'co (but), and q' (or; pronounced /kʼ/). They are not declined.

Interrogatives
There are six interrogative pronouns in Alamanalya: ku (when), min (who), pae (where), merite (why), maeci (what), hyul(u) (which), and skjölaa (how).

Hyul is written as hyulu or hylu (in the Eastern dialect) when the word following it begins with a vowel, such as in the sentence Hylu dolanis î rebetdolanistîta? (Which store is your favorite?).

Relative Pronouns
These use mostly the same wordset as the interrogatives, with the exception of merite. Merite becomes meritë, a word also meaning "because". Another exception is the word ku, which is changed to kuu if the sentence has two or more clauses, such as in ''Kuu Ella ragyam al-qasëlur t-dolanilur, lya kanam tri vaveret. ''(When Ella was walking home from the store, she saw three squirrels.)

Forming Sentences with Participle Verbs
To form a sentence with participle verbs in either the past or present tense, the relative pronoun is used. The conjugations are done as normal. However, the relative pronouns, along with conjunctions, are often combined with personal pronouns

Example text
I give Maria the pen. - Mi mahyo Mariete zumisa.

Pablo wanted to go to the park, but his mom refused to take him. He cried like a baby. - ''Pablo malidõ mad al hyölur, daly madera-aly gesterõm go balyahyar. Lya jumiredam eto bambinoka.''

Aaron wrote some notes down in his notebook with the black pen, but they looked like a secret code. - Aaron skryibam noto il notolibrisilaly żumisigyena, de je xedikõnim-ko eto sekretvalodanka.