Nipmel

Phonology
N, l and r are devoiced word-finally, and after stops.

Ejective and aspirated stops can only occur at the beginning of syllables.

Plain stops are unreleased word-finally. There is no contrast in length in the vowels.

Phonotactics All syllables are closed, of the CVC-type.

Basic Grammar
Nouns

Nouns are not inflected for plural, or for definiteness.

Case markers appear as postpositional clitics. The nominative case is unmarked. The other cases are marked by postpositional clitics.

Accusative (rarely used, optional)

dative, marked by tän, is used for the indirect object of ditransitive clauses, and for the single object of some monotransitive verbs (typically with such verbs where the object is only marginally affected.)

''Pin telli' kul 'ke'tän'. ' ['p''ın̥ tɛl:iʔ˺ kul̥ kɛt:æn̥]

The man gives the woman a flower

Miltam zolluk'il zélkul. /mıltam zol:ukʰıʔ zɛlkul/'''

The king forgot the dream. (better with ablative?)

allative, marked by tas, is used for goal or destination.

Txultas'' seslatmax. '

'We are traveling to the city.'

locative

S'avnox' mermin.

'I live in the village'

ablative

Matpol' ladlukmix kin.

'The woman went from the table.'

perlative

Savkat'' latlukmi' kul. '

'The man walked through the village.'

Lankat 'par tanmi' kinnak.

'The girl was happy throughout the day.'

Zur 'lankat' k'arlukmin.

'I worked for three days.'

instrumental

Lan poklukmi' kul 'sornep'.

'The man hit the dog with a stick.'

genitive

comitative

Kinmon leklukmi' kul.

The man came with (his) wife

abessive

Kulnakkun leklukmi' kul.

The man came without (his) son.

beneficative

Zelkhulvun k'armi' mefkul..

The farmer worked for the king.

causativ

Zalmislok tan nik kellukmin.

I couldn't do this/that because of the rain.

essive

Mefkultes k'armi'

He works as a farmer

comparative

Kulnaktul parkalmi' kinnak.

The girl is happier than the boy.

Verbs

Verbs do not inflect for tense. There is a difference between perfective and imperfective aspect, however. The perfective aspect is marked by the suffix -luk. The imperfective aspect is unmarked. Verbs must agree with their subjects. Word Order

Word order is OVS, modifier-modified.