Varðinekvas

Vàrðinekvàs is a conlang by The Kaufman which has plagiarized absorbed a lot of ideas from Indo-European languages. Not much more to say except a lot of stupid setting.

Consonants
/m n ŋ ɲ p t k b d g f v θ ð s z ʂ ʐ ɣ χ h r j tʂ dʐ tɕ/ 

All regular.

Vowels
/i e ɛ y ø ɪ ə ɜ u ɑ o ɔ ɒ Vɪ Vʊ/ <í é e y ö i - ø u a ó o á Vi Vu>

(The weird orthography is remnant of tones in the ancestor of the language.)

Phonotactics
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)(C), and more to be done.

Allophony
þkavaxs /'θkɑ.vɑχs/ "god"

If a voiced sound occurs in the end of a word, it's often devoiced.

If a plosive/affricate or trill occurs in the syllable coda, a schwa is (seldom) placed after it. Example: rraþpádárd /dʐɑθ.pɒ'dɒr.tə/ or /dʐɑθ.pɒ'dɒrt/ "civil war"

If  occurs after velars, it becomes /w/. Example: /'nɛ.kwɑs/ "language"

<ð> is often realized as /dð/ (affricate).

Stress
The stress pattern is varying (like in Slavic languages) but the predominant stress is on first syllable. 

Nouns
Nouns have quite a rich pattern of declension.

Unstressed -as declension
rráþas /'dʐɒ.θɑs/ "brother", stem rráþ- /dʐɒθ-/

Reduced stem polysyllable declension type I (polysyllable stem)

Word kalmas (name), full stem kalam-

Reduced stem polysyllable -às declension (type II - monosyllable stem)

ng'kas /'ŋ.kɑs/ "maternal uncle", full stem ngék- /'ŋek-/ Suffix-stressed declension

báras /bɒ'rɑs/ "brother in law". The stress is always on -a- except for the vocatives, where the stress is on the last syllable

Vowelless stem declension
vras /vrɑs/ "parent"; stem vr- or vr-à- /vr- vr-ɑ-/ (Can be analyzed as a form of the -s declension.) Same rule for -òs, -ís, etc.

-s (soft nouns)
Polysyllable; þkàvàxs /'θkɑ.vɑχs/ "god"; stem þkàv(à)x- þkàv(à)k-

The -s ending nouns are always soft.

Monosyllable -s nouns
vøxs "tribe"; stem vøx- vøk-. They aren't lenited before <ì> and some consonants There are also some -s nouns that end in -Vs, e.g. bràs "king", stem bìr- (treat as bìrs). They are usually left as such and not lenited in the cases that normally apply lenition.

-os nouns
Mostly nouns loaned from other languages.

þaþos "tooth" (1st type, monosyllable) bompos "bomb" (obsolete, replaced by "out-of-thin-air" word faxos)

-is nouns
Those nouns often take the form of other declension nouns.

monis "friend"

Feminine
The feminine nouns don't have a lot of declensions and only one ending/suffix (-à).

Suffix unstressed (ex. ðàþrà "woman", stem ðàþər- in genitive): Suffix stressed (ex. xona "female slave"). Those words usually shift their stress in declined forms. Monosyllable (ex. kra "(the personification of) Death", stem kr- kàr-)

Neuter
Ending in a consonant (ex. páðard "war"):

Ending in -u (ex. tardu "settlement, village")

Ending in -ò (ex. ðabo "coin")

Other (marked as neuter)
Ending in -ar (ex. gardar "impostor")

These nouns signify mainly professions.

Adjectives
Same as nouns depending on the declension.

Nominative endings:

(Decided to keep the non-neuter declensions away.)

Verbs
The verb ending is -ti.

The verbs have 3 tenses (excluding the forms of basic tenses), four classes (intransitive, 2 transitives, reflexive) and a stative/active distinction.

-à- verbs
Example verb:

numati - to treat someone as ... (INS); imperfective/progressive, transitive 2

The present iterative (and the iterative at all) is highly regular in forms other than the 3rd and the "4th" person, mostly adding only a suffix -t(V)-.

The past aorist can take various meanings when translated into English, but it's certain that it's always perfective.

(Example of past aorist) Ék ot numam so idana garðom da ás radem ne zötamjel.

I have (always) thought this business is a scam and it turned out that it isn't.

Imperative: númàj (sg.)/númàr/-t (pl.; the 1st form is masculine or neuter, and the 2nd form is feminine)

The imperative stem is highly irregular and is needed to construct the two complex forms of the verb.



-í- verbs
Mostly imperfective verbs. Stress is mostly on suffix.

dàzdíti - to blabber The past aorist is formed to adding the particle òt to the present tense forms.

Vocabulary
See /Vocabulary (TBD).

Example text
Varatu se øbarde baidane þagred je ite ogjaxns kabadond. Doðu ám doþax ẓasajd os ái nojéti áñs jes xlas rráþkøta.

/vɑ'rɑ.tu sɛ 'ɜ.bɑr.dɛ 'bɑɪ.dɑ.nɛ 'θɑg.rɛ.tə je 'i.tɛ ɔ'gjɑ.xəns kɑ'bɑ.dɔn.tə. 'dɔ.dðu ɒm 'dɔ.θɑx 'ʐɑ.sɑj.tə ɔs ɒɪ 'nɔ.je.ti ɒɲs jes xlɑs dʐɒθ'kɜ.tos/

All human beings are born free and equal in their dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.