Ringwa

General information
This language was simply constructed as an experiment, and for fun.

Consonants
Consonant pairs (?/?) are unvoiced-voiced pairs.

IPA symbols: ŋ (ng), θ (th), ð (dh), ʃ (sh), ʒ (zh), x (x), ɣ (gh), tʃ (ch), dʒ (j)

Vowels
IPA symbols: e (ə), ë (ɛ), ae (æ), o (ɔ)

Alphabet
Latinized:

a, i, o, e, ai, oi, wa,

a, ë, u, r, ya, yo, wo,

p, k, t, s, ts, sh, ch, x, th, f, n,

b, g, d, z, dz, zh, j, gh, dh, v, ng.

IPA:

/a/, /i/, /ɔ/, /ə/, /ai/, /ɔi/, /wa/,

/a/, /ɛ/, /u/, /ɹ/, /ja/, /jɔ/, /wɔ/,

/p/, /k/, /t/, /s/, /ts/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /x/, /θ/, /f/, /n/,

/b/, /g/, /d/, /z/, /dz/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /v/, /ŋ/.

Phonotactics
Only clusters where the first consonant is a non-plosive and the second is a plosive are allowed. Two vowels cannot be next to each other, except if one of them is /ɹ/ or they are in a diphthong (/ai/, /ja/, /ɔi/, /jɔ/, /wa/, /wɔ/). Only plosives can precede /w/, and /ŋ/ must occur at the end of a syllable. Also, the following sound changes take place:
 * x becomes kx and ɣ becomes gɣ at the start of a word.
 * ə ɹ always becomes  ɚ.
 * nj always becomes ɲ.

Grammar
There are four types of word in Ringwa: Objects, Numbers, Adpositions and Articles.

Objects
These correspond to other languages' nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Each object has a number of forms to determine what part of speech it is, but some words do not have an adverb form.

Examples: As you have seen, despite the name, objects can be material or abstract and the language makes no distinction.
 * One object means pigment (noun), to colour (verb) and coloured (adjective).
 * Another means speed/velocity (noun), to run (verb), fast (adjective) and quickly (adverb).
 * Yet another means thought/hypothesis (noun), to think (verb) and cognitive (adjective).

Numbers
These are like numbers in other languages. They are a special case of Objects, with a predetermined definition (with "x" being the value):
 * Noun: x itself
 * Verb: To multiply by x
 * Adjective: Having a count of x
 * Adverb: Done x times
 * Performer: A device/person whose purpose is to multiply by x