Lili

Lili is an engineered a priori constructed language based on the concept of ambiguation and disambiguation.

Consonants
Lili has 16 consonants:

b: /b

c: /ʃ

d: /d

f: /f

g: /ɡ

j: /ʒ

k: /k

l: /l

m: /m

n: /n

p: /p

r: /r

s: /s

t: /t

v: /v

z: /z

Vowels
Lili has 5 vowels:

a: /a

e: /ɛ

i: /i

o: /ɔ

u: /u

Syntax
Lili has a SVO word order. Ignoring "p" and "t" (which we'll see later), the elements that occupy the odd positions in a sentence are called "operands", while the elements that occupy the even positions in a sentence are called "operators". Ignoring "p" and "t", there must always be an odd number of elements in a sentence, starting and ending with an operand and alternating with operators. A sentence in Lili looks like this:

operand+operator+operand+operator+operand... etc.

For example, let's take "I eat an apple" as an example. The sentence is:

"ci nakai rend"

c: I (operand)

naka: to eat (operator)

rend: apple (operand)

Now, there need to be some explanation. Every word is separated by an "l" or by an "i", and spaces are free. For example, the same sentence can be written as "cinakairend", "cinaka irend", "cinak airend", "cina kairend"... spaces are completely free.

Parentheses
Let's consider the following sentence: "I eat a red apple". The sentence will be:

"ci nakalpi rendi gickault"

c: I (operand)

naka: to eat (operator)

p: (open parenthesis)

rend: apple (operand)

g: (connects a noun to an adjective) (operator)

ckau: red (operand)

t: (close parenthesis)

The parenthesis after "naka" indicates that "red apple" is to be considered as a single entity. Without the parenthesis, "ci nakai rendi gickau" would have meant "the fact that I eat an apple is red", which makes no sense. That's because the word "red" would have modified the whole sentence, when in reality only the apple is red.

Switch
Adding an "e-" before any operator will switch A (the thing before the operator) and B (the thing after the operator). For example:

"cina kairend" = "I eat an apple"

"rend lena kalc" = "I eat an apple"

They mean exactly the same thing.

Degree words
Words with a hyphen like "z-ca" usually mean a thing or its opposite. In this case, "z-ca" means "sad-happy". They are inflected like this:

zuoca: very sad (-3)

zueca: sad (-2)

zuaca: a bit sad (-1)

zuca: neither sad nor happy (0)

zoca: a bit happy (1)

zeca: happy (2)

zaca: very happy (3)

Also:

zoece: saddest

zoace: happiest

zeuce: sadder

zeoce: happier

Verbal tenses
After the operator "z" (which introduces time), the operand "p-f" indicates past, present, or future.

puof: distant past (-3)

puef: medium past (-2)

puaf: immediate past (-1)

puf: present (0)

pof: immediate future (1)

pef: medium future (2)

paf: distant future (3)

For example:

"ci nakai rendi zipof" = "I'm about to eat an apple"

Singular and plural markers
Unmarked nouns in Lili are neither singular nor plural. To mark them as singular or plural you need to use the operator "g", and after that, "sn" for the singular, "pn" for the plural, and "gn" for generalizations. Marking singulars, plurals or generalization is optional, although marking generalizations is recommended.

rend = apple(s)

rendigisn = an apple

rendigipn = apples

rendigign = apples (in general)

The generalization marker is used in sentences like "humans are stupid".

"aboti gigni gelduesm" = "humans are stupid"

abot: human (operand)

g: (connects nouns to adjectives... in this case the generalization marker) (operator)

gn: (generalization marker) (operand)

ge: (copula) (operator)

d-sm: dumb-smart (operand)

Gendered pronouns
There are 5 genders in Lili: common, inanimate, animate, masculine and feminine.

Common is the gender that can be applied to anything.

Inanimate is the gender for inanimate and/or abstract things. It includes vegetation.

Animate is for humans and animals (both male and female).

Masculine is for male humans and animals.

Feminine is for female humans and animals.

Here are the pronouns:

c: I (animate)

ac: I (feminine)

uc: I (masculine)

j: you (animate)

aj: you (feminine)

uj: you (masculine)

deo: he/she/it (common)

duo: it (inanimate)

due: he/she (animate)

dea: she (feminine)

deu: he (masculine)

ce: we (inclusive... includes the listener)

co: we (exclusive... excludes the listener)

ja: you (plural)

doa: they

coa: we/they

You're probably confused about "coa". You might have noticed that in English, people say "we" when people belonging to the speaker's group have done something, even though the speaker did nothing. For example, if someone lives in London, he/she might say "we have the best food in the world", even though the speaker himself/herself doesn't have the best food in the world. In Lili, "coa" is the pronoun used in this case. To gender something else, like a cat, you have to use the operator "g" and then the operators "na" (feminine) or "vu" (masculine).

cuta: cat

cutalgina: female cat

cutalgivu: male cat

Case prepositions
There are a lot of operators that function like prepositions that function like cases. For example, "cm" is the comitative operator, that means "in company of", "with". For example:

"cidi asob icmij" = "I play with you"

c: I (operand)

d: (connects a subject to a verb) (operator)

asob: to play (operand)

cm: with/in company of (operator)

j: you (operand)

As another example, "ns" is the instrumental operator, that means "by the means of".

"cidi naka insizrau" = "I eat with a fork"

c: I (operand)

d: (connects a subject to a verb) (operator)

naka: to eat (operand)

ns: by the means of (instrumental) (operator)

zrau: fork (operand)

Evidentiality
After the operator "av", you can insert the source of a statement. For example:

fer: experienced event

kre: hearsay

dop: inference (when you are sure something happened but didn't experience it yourself)

zuf: speculation (when you have no idea whether what you're talking about is true or false, similar to the word "might" or "I suppose that...")

Example sentence:

"deuldi cafala vizuf" = "he might be sleeping"

deu: he (operand)

d: (connects a subject to a verb) (operator)

cafa: sleep (operand)

av: (insert source) (operator)

zuf: speculation (operand)

You can use normal words after "av", too. Like "benk" (to study). Adding "avibenk" to a sentence means you learned it through studying.

Negative and interrogative sentences
After the operator "g", the operand "u" turns the sentence (or a part of the sentence) to negative, while "ba" turns it into a yes/no interrogative. Examples:

ji nakai rendi zipedal giu: you didn't eat any apple today

ji nakai rendi zipedal giba: did you eat any apple today?

j: you (operand)

naka: to eat (operator)

rend: apple (operand)

z: (introduces time) (operator)

peda: the past part of today (operand)

g: (in this case connects the sentence to "u" or "ba") (operator)

u: negative (operand); ba: yes/no interrogative (operand)

It is possible to refer to only part of the sentence, to express some nuances. For example:

jigiul nakai rendi zipeda: it wasn't you who ate an apple today

jigibal nakai rendi zipeda: was it you who ate an apple today?

ji nakalpi rendigiulti zipeda: it wasn't an apple the thing you ate today

ji nakalpi rendigibalti zipeda: was it an apple the thing you ate today?

ji nakai rendi zipi pedalgiult: it wasn't today that you ate an apple

ji nakai rendi zipi pedalgibalt: was it today that you ate an apple?

Types of yes/no questions
There are 9 types of yes/no questions, according to what the speaker thinks and hopes the answer to be.

"ba": standard

"bae": the speaker hopes the answer will be "yes"

"bao": the speaker hopes the answer will be "no"

"be": the speaker thinks the answer will be "yes"

"bea": the speaker thinks and hopes the answer will be "yes"

"beo": the speaker thinks the answer will be "yes", but hopes the answer will be "no"

"bu": the speaker thinks the answer will be "no"

"bua": the speaker thinks the answer will be "no", but hopes the answer will be "yes"

"buo": the speaker thinks and hopes the answer will be "no"

Example:

jlaboci cigi bua: will you hug me? (the speaker thinks the listener isn't going to hug him/her, but hopes for a hug)

j: you (operand)

aboc: hug (operator)

c: I (operand)

g: (connecting operator)

bua: yes/no interrogative (operand)

Relative pronouns
There are mainly two relative pronouns, "reo" and "gno". For example:

medei reolpi ubutiri aboti tigel puesno: bears who kill humans are dangerous

medei gnolpi ubutiri aboti tigel puesno: bears, who kill humans, are dangerous

If the pronoun "reo" is used, then the sentence means that only the bears who kill humans are dangerous, while if the pronoun "gno" is used, then the sentence means that bears usually kill humans, therefore they are dangerous.

mede: bear (operand)

reo/gno: (relative pronouns) (operator)

p: (open parenthesis)

ubut: to kill (operand)

r: (connects a verb to an object) (operator)

abot: human (operand)

t: (close parenthesis)

ge: (copula) (operator)

p-sno: dangerous-safe (operand)

"Like"
There are four ways to say "like" to compare something to something else: use the operators "kak", "kek", "kok" or "kuk". For example:

jidi fbaki kak ikbac: you smell like a goat (you smell, and goats smell too)

jidi fbaki kek ikbac: you smell like a goat (the smell is similar)

jidi fbaki kok ikbac: you smell like a goat (the intensity is similar)

jidi fbaki kuk ikbac: you smell like a goat (the smell and intensity are similar)

j: you (operand)

d: (connects a subject to a verb) (operator)

fbak: to smell (like) (operand)

kak/kek/kok/kuk: "like" (comparison) (operator)

kbac: goat (operand)

From an individual to a group
The operand "koze", after the operator "g", modifies a noun and turns, for example, "human" into "humankind".

abot: human

aboti gikoze: humankind

Everyday, a guy looks at me
"catelgi voklezipi abudi cbebiciti" = "everyday, a guy looks at me"

cate: day (period from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59) (operand)

g: (connecting operator)

vok: every (operand)

ez: (switched "z") (operator)

p: (open parenthesis)

abud: male human (operand)

cbeb: to look (at something) (operator)

c: I (operand)

t: (close parenthesis)

---

This sentence is ambiguous, because we don't know if it's always the same guy or if the guy can be different everytime. There is an optional way to disambiguate this sentence, putting the operand "dob" after the operator "g" to indicate that the guy is always the same, and "tob" to indicate that it can change.

"catelki voklezipi abudigidobi cbebiciti" = "everyday, a guy (always the same one) looks at me"

"catelki voklezipi abudigitobi cbebiciti" = "everyday, a guy (not always the same one) looks at me"

Expectations
"To expect" in English has two meanings: "to want", and "to think something will happen". They are translated as "casu" and "keco" respectively.

cicasul vtau: I expect (want) an answer cikecol vtau: I expect (think that will happen) an answer

---

c: I (operand)

casu/keco: (operators)

vtau: answer (operand)

Requests
After the operator "m", "rop" indicates that it's a request.

jlabo cici mirop: please hug me

j: you (operand)

aboc: hug (operator)

c: I (operand)

m: (operator)

rob: (request) (operand)

Emotions and tones of voice
After the operator "m", a word that indicates emotion or tone of voice, indicates that the sentence is said with that emotion or tone or voice. For example: cicasulpi clabo ciji timiursa: I want to hug you (said with a smile)

c: I (operand)

casu: to want (operator)

p: (open parenthesis)

c: I (operand)

aboc: to hug (operator)

j: you (operand)

t: (close parenthesis)

m: (operator)

ursa: smile (operand)

You can also use "m" as an operand, then use "r", and then the name of the emotion, to use them as emoticons.

miriursa: (smile emoticon, spoken equivalent of smiling)

Conditionals
"rac" means "therefore", and "erac" is the switch of "rac", it means "because".

jlabo cici racipi cigel zacalt: you hug me, therefore I'm very happy

cigel zacal eracipi jlabo cicilt: I'm very happy, because you hug me

"rof" means "if A, then B". Its switch "erof" is a bit difficult to translate in English, but it's something like:"it would be A, if B"

jlabo cici rofipi cigel zacalt: if you hug me, then I'm very happy

cigel zacal erofipi jlabo cicilt:  I would be very happy if you hugged me

"rer" can either mean "rac" or "rof"

jlabo cici reripi cigel zacalt

It's not specified whether the listener hugs the speaker or not.

Affirmative or negative
"au" after the operator "g" ambiguates the sentence, rendering it affirmative or negative.

deala bocici glau: she hugs me, OR she doesn't hug me

dea: she (operand)

aboc: to hug (operator)

c: I (operand)

g: (connecting operator)

au: (affirmative/negative) (operand)

The sentence can be approximately translated in English as "she doesn't necessarily hug me". Useful when you don't want to answer.

Yes/no
a: yes

au: yes OR no (when you don't want to answer)

u: no

Weather
Usually, saying "rejd" (rain) or "kavo" (snow) is enough to say "it rains" or "it snows". If you want to specify it's unambiguously a verb, then say "weather event" + "d" + "suba", for example:

rejdidi suba: it rains

But it's unnecessary. "rejd" is enough, even though it can be either a noun or a verb if alone. If you want to specify "rain" as a noun, use the noun suffix "un" after the operator "g".

rejd: rain (noun)/it rains

rejdidi suba: it rains

rejdi glun: rain (noun)

Reflexives
"caj" is the reflexive pronoun, and can be used interchangeably with normal pronouns.

clabo cic = clabo cicaj = I hug myself

Sexual orientations and fetishes
There are two words to describe your sexual preferences: "zoge" and "fnau". "zoge" means you want to have sex with someone, while "fnau" is a fetish. "Towards" is "r". They can be either operands or operators.

zogeirigog: homosexuality

zogeiricta: heterosexuality zogeirizev: bisexuality

zogeiriguedo: pedophilia

zogeirikruko: necrophilia

zogeiripn: polygamy

fnauirigava: foot fetish

cizogelgog: I'm gay

cizogeicta: I'm straight

cifnaulgava: I have a foot fetish

The first time
"The first time she hugged me, I was very happy". Let's see how to translate this.

"Time" (in the sense of "occurrence") is "raop". "First" is "pevr". "The first time" is "raopigi pevr". "She hugged me" is "deala bocic". To connect these two sentences, we must use the operator "dac".

"raopigi pevri dacipi deala bocicit" = "the first time she hugged me".

"I was very happy" is "cigel zaca".

To connect these two sentences, we must use the operator "ez", which is the switch of "z". The complete sentence will be:

"raopigi pevril dacipi deala bocicitlezipi cigel zacalt" = "The first time she hugged me, I was very happy"

Expressing your opinion about an event
Use the operand "b-ga" (bad-good) and refer to the whole sentence. For example:

jigei zbefi gibuega: you're fat (I don't like it) jigei zbefi gibuga: you're fat (I have a neutral opinion about it) jigei zbefi gibega: you're fat (I like it)

j: you (operand)

ge: (copula) (operator)

zb-f: slim-fat (operand)

g: (connecting operator)

b-ga: bad-good (operand)

Politeness
After the operator "m", the following operands express different levels of politeness.

fuerb: vulgar

fuarb: informal

furb: humble

forb: polite

ferb: honorific

Sarcasm and metaphors
After the operator "m", "sra" is the operand that indicates that something is sarcastic, "sru" indicates that it's not sarcastic, "nta" indicates that it's a metaphor while "ntu" indicates that it should be taken literally. Sarcasm and metaphors can be combined with each other.

cidismer: I'm dying (metaphorically or literally)

cidismeri minta: I'm dying (metaphorically, i.e. the speaker is very uncomfortable)

cidismeri mintu: I'm dying (literally)

c: I (operand)

d: (connects a subject to a verb) (operator)

smer: to die (operand)

My book
"de" is the possessive, but it's ambiguous.

cidelonda: my book

Did I buy it? Did I write it? It's unspecified.

cidebionda: my book (I bought it, but someone else wrote it)

cidekionda: my book (the one I wrote)

Note that this distinction isn't valid for every word. In doubt, use "de".

Meat
"cvuv" is the animal meat for human consumption. "[animal]" + "de" + "cvuv" means "the meat of [that animal] as food". For example, "akro" is chicken, but it refers to when the animal is alive. To refer to its meat as food, say "akroldei cvuv".

Days of the week
zava: Sunday

buoz: Monday

mazn: Tuesday

vefn: Wednesday

done: Thursday

apro: Friday

avep: Saturday

Permissions and prohibitions
orab: compulsory

crao: encouraged

sodu: permitted

zvaz: discouraged

gnau: prohibited

---

soduiri smoki kiba: is smoking [here] permitted?

cicraoikbaz: I encourage criticism

Habitual aspect
"baz" is the habitual aspect, and it goes after the operator "g", as usual.

ci nakai rendi gibaz: I habitually eat apples

ci cbebi anami gibaz: I habitually watch cartoons

ci cbebipi anami gidobiti gibaz: There's a cartoon I habitually watch

ci cbebipi anami giboditi gibazi zipuef: There's a cartoon I used to watch

When the listener makes the speaker feel an emotion
After the sentence, after the operator "m", insert [emotion + "erac" + "j"]. Don't forget to use the parenthesis correctly.

Seasons of the year
vesan: spring

retom: summer

osne: autumn

zmau: winter

Topic marker
"top" is the topic marker. It broadly means "as opposed to something/someone else". For example:

cina kalpi rendigisniti zipuaf: I just ate an apple

cigitopi nakalpi rendigisniti zipuaf: It was me who just ate an apple (and not someone else)

cina kalpi rendigisnigi topiti zipuaf: It was an apple the thing I just ate (and not something else)

My hand
There are two meanings of "my hand", though one is extremely unlikely

cidelvado: my hand (the one of my body)

cidezivado: my hand (the hand of someone else that I consider to be my property)

"cidezivado" can be used, in an unlikely hypothetical case, if I cut off someone's hand and consider it to be mine.

Vocative
Name of the thing you're calling + "v" + sentence: abadivipi clabanijit: I really love you, girl

abad: female human (operand)

v: (vocative) (operator)

p: (open parenthesis)

c: I (operand)

ab-n: to hate-love (romantically) (operator)

j: you (operand)

t: (close parenthesis)

In a certain style
"kub" means style. "pef" "means "future". "kubigipef" means "futuristic style".

About questions again
"bab" is an interrogative marker that means the question is affirmative for the speaker. "bac" means the question is negative for the speaker:

jigel zecal gibab: are you happy, too? (I am)

jigel zecal gibac: are you happy? (I'm not)

It's cold, according to whom?
"saz", "sez" and "soz" mean "to have an opinion (that)", but they're different. For example, consider the three following sentences:

akobigiulmi rople raci kueta: please don't go outside, because it's cold (standard)

akobigiulmi rople racipi cisazi kuetalt: please don't go outside, because I think it's cold (see below)

akobigiulmi rople racipi cisezi kuetalt: please don't go outside, because I think it's cold (see below)

The second sentence is strange, because it literally means that the speaker doesn't want the listener to go outside, because the speaker thinks the temperature is cold for him/her. The third sentence means the same thing, with the exception that the speaker thinks it's cold for people in general, not only for him/her. "soz" can either mean "saz" or "sez".

akob: to go outside (operand)

g: (connecting operator)

u: (negative) (operand)

m: (operator)

rop: (request) (operand)

erac: (switch of "rac") (operator)

p: (open parenthesis)

c: I (operand)

saz/sez: to have the opinion that (operator)

k-ta: cold-hot (operand)

t: (close parenthesis)

Difficult and easy
"Difficult" and "easy" have two meanings each. "z-de" means "difficult-easy" in the sense that something is difficult or easy to do, while "s-zu" means "difficult-easy" in the sense that something is unlikely or likely to happen. For example:

aboti reolpi krekalgi zedelt: a person who gets angry easily (see below) aboti reolpi krekalgi sezult: a person who gets angry easily (see below)

The first sentence means that the person described finds getting angry to be an easy achievement.

The second sentence means that the person described often gets angry for little to no reason.

Usually, in English, "a person who gets angry easily" is meant as in the second sentence, and the meaning of the first sentence would be considered a unusual interpretation.

Case system
Coming soon

Locative-temporal system
Coming soon

Interrogative dummy word
Coming soon

Consensuality
Coming soon

Frequence
Coming soon

Genitive system
Coming soon

Adding, repeating or contradicting the listener's knowledge
Coming soon

With and without
Coming soon

Interrogative subset
Coming soon

Conditional requests
Coming soon

Wishes and reality
Coming soon

The town of kindness
cigel zacale racipi cisumulpi gordigi nuzgigi bagalazi paniti tikfipi paniugu lagacikfipi kreolgi gegolzi zvegiti gidvea ibtipi gordigi nuzgi gelagaci mizacal titikfipi abotlazi zdelgel fcaflotipi asralazi zdelugul kuotal kogi kbuci tititi gvipi tedalgelpi ketaloti begaloti zasni zivuralti otipi debelgel 22 °C itiotipi clazivneltibtipi cigeikvuekikfipi cino kolpi cidel besnelgi araulginaldel jekaltilgi begalgi bael titititi

---

I'm very happy that I live in this very beautiful town in Pan. Pan is not perfect: it has a lot of problems, unfortunately, but this town is perfect! People here are very friendly, and the climate here is not brutally cold, unlike the east. Today is a warm, nice and sunny day of July, with a temperature of 22 °C, and I'm outside, but I'm alone. Would it be a good thing if I knocked at the door of the only friend that I have?

Welcome new millennium!
tamanigi guegolefzipi 2000 idi jemaclavi vbakitikfipi geiripi ajarti girdanidelpi jemaci reol geiripi zacaloti cuzguol tititi gifpapitifipi zauvulgi nuzgidel buogalgel curzi zipofi tigvipi merelegipi cidunulpi besneipni mizecal tititi fipi abotlazipi ciderdigorditi gei jogralotipi citbabi doalgiultiti fipi dunuiri besnela zizdel gelzuodel otipi cigelpi zuecalgi duenki tititi kfipi cidunul besnel zipefi gibuaikfipi cigelabrel avizufi mizuocal titifipi

cidelkokrieazipi keuta larsipi gordigi nuzgiti mintaltiti fipi bevalgi abvaslotipi populgi abvasitik fipi zuecalotik buekalgi nurultiti fipi cidinemalgi bazlazipi cidelzumalgifuerbiti otipi cindae labotigiultitik fipi aboti gignigel baruovlaviferigi vavulmizuecalti fipi cigei kfokigiui rofipi abotigelpi cidelbesnelgiul tititi kfipi gordigipi vokigiultigeltakalavikre ibtipi cisumuizdelotipi vrumulgel kuosmal tititi gvipi citbabipi ajartigi nuskaltiti fipi cizufipi abotidi vebralotipi uzmul girdanidi jemaciti zipefititi

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The year 2000 will obviously start in a few minutes. It will be the beginning of a new millennium, and I daydream about it being full of happiness and peace. This century's terrifying evils are about to become a distant memory. I might even make new friends, yay! People in my town are judgemental, and I don't trust them. Making friends here is very difficult, and I'm getting sadder every day. Will someone be my friend? I think I'm depressed.

Inside my heart it's colder than this town. There's no light, there's no hope. Only sadness and suffering. I habitually spend my time crying in my shitty bedroom without interacting with anyone. Why are people so selfish? If you're not like the majority of people, they won't be your friends. I have heard that not every town is like this, but I live here, and moving away is a very complex task. I'm hopeful that in the next millennium, people will improve and that a brand new age will start.

Vocabulary (work in progress) (332 words)
aba: to learn

abev: school bell

abka: pattern, motif

aboc: hug

abom: cool (in the sense of "good", not temperature)

abot: human

abre: depression

abud: male human

abuf: mouse (animal)

abuj: predator (animal)

abuv: vertebrate

abvas: ...is not there

abvu: school subject

abzu: truth

ac: I (feminine)

acko: flower

actag: hashtag

adre: hell (afterlife)

adu: hybrid between A and B

ad-n: old-new

aeke: euphoria (feeling)

afef: sailor

afub: birth

afuc: resurrection

agod: salmon

ag-c: full of flaws-perfect

aj: you (feminine)

ajam: to host (a guest)

ajart: millennium

ajok: port

akom: window

akro: chicken

akrob: exit (of any physical place)

akrud: entry (of any physical place)

amda: table

anam: cartoon

anamu: anime (Japanese-style cartoon)

ananas: ananas

antar: Antartic

apra: carbonated (drink)

apro: friday

apun: wine

arau: the only..., it exists only one...

arka: home (i.e. the house, city or country where one lives; not in the sense of a building)

ars: than (used in comparisons)

artuk: the Arctic

asb-: famine-condition with plenty of food

asen: influence

asma: hill, mountain

asmar: to whisper

asob: to play (not in the sense of playing a musical istrument)

asra: climate

asus: laptop

asvu: season (of the year, not of a TV Series)

ateb: pizza

au: (see lesson 20)

audo: audio (media)

audz: AIDS

ausk: ice-cream

autus: autism

av: (evidential preposition: inserts the source of the statement)

avep: saturday

avub: vehicle

avuba: energy (electric current)

avuj: paralysis

avut: car

avutbez: bus

az: (introduces location)

azeb: moon (natural satellite of any planet)

azupa: abortion

ba: (interrogative yes/no marker) (see lesson 11)

babzo: newspaper

baca: to realize (understand)

bacfo: rose (flower)

bae: (see lesson 11)

bamaz: tree

banana: banana

bao: (see lesson 11)

baob: fairy

baru: to bring

barz: witch (both male and female)

barza: to stutter

bar-v: selfish-altruist

basa: sibling

basebar: baseball

basketbar: basketball

basku: worldview

bast: town

baz: (habitual aspect marker) (see lesson 33)

be: (see lesson 11)

bea: (see lesson 11)

bebo: beer

bekam: sandal (shoe)

bekza: earthquake shake

benk: to study

benuc: salad (food)

beo: (see lesson 11)

berbon: Berlin

besku: to surf (the waves, not the web)

besna: female friend

besne: friend (male or female)

besno: male friend

bete: to sit

bezes: bisexual

bevj: withdraw (e.g. money from a bank)

bevj-: emotional discomfort-pleasure

bevuk: to stand up motionless

bga: to go, come, to be (in a place), to stay

bman: company (friendly presence)

bobau: gelatine

bofo: round (shape)

bopak: Jew

bosko: forest

bovn: doctor

br-k: slow-fast (in completing an action, not in motion)

brud: electronic device

bt: but

bu: (see lesson 11)

bua: (see lesson 11)

buab: monkey

bubo: circus

buck: wallet

budusm: Buddhism

budo: cloud

bufu: to have a different opinion, to disagree

bukb: invertebrate

bunaz: period of around 28 days, lunar cycle

buo: (see lesson 11)

buod: ice

buov: Monday

butru: root (of a plant)

buvo: clown

buzu: movie

bvea: oven (traditional or microwave)

bveb: traditional oven

bvek: microwave oven

bzoga: tv news

b-fa: harmful-healthy

b-ka: (emotional) suffering-pleasure

b-ga: bad-good

b-nt: boring-interesting

b-va: dark-bright, darkness-light

c: I (animate)

cafa: to sleep

caft: fruit juice

caj: (reflexive pronoun) (see lesson 23)

casu: to want, wish

cate: day (period of time from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59)

cbeb: to look (at something)

ce: we (inclusive... includes the listener)

ckau: red

cm: (comitative preposition: with, in company of)

co: we (exclusive... excludes the listener)

coa: we/they

crao: to encourage, encouraged

cta: opposite gender

curz: distant memory (something that doesn't happen anymore)

cvuv: meat (animals as food, includes fish)

d: (usually connects a subject to a verb)

de: (possessive)

dea: she (feminine)

deb: (a type of possessive) (see lesson 29)

debe: temperature

dek: (a type of possessive) (see lesson 29)

deo: he/she/it (common)

derd: (possessive used for villages, towns, cities, regions, countries etc.)

deu: he (masculine)

dez: (a type of possessive) (see lesson 37)

doa: they

dob: (see lesson 15)

done: thursday

dop: inference

due: he/she (animate)

dunu: to make (i.e. friends)

duo: it (inanimate)

dvea: unfortunately (the speaker's wish is contrary to the reality)

d-nk: increasingly less-increasingly more ("dunk" means "stable")

d-sm: dumb-smart

f: (sentence ends, and a new one starts) (will be explained in a future lesson)

fbak: to smell (to emanate a smell, not in the sense of detecting a smell with senses)

fc-f: rude-friendly

feda: the future part of today

fer: direct experience of an event

ferb: (honorific marker) (see lesson 27)

fnau: fetish

forb: (polite marker) (see lesson 27)

furb: (humble marker) (see lesson 27)

fuarb: (informal marker) (see lesson 27)

fuerb: (vulgar marker) (see lesson 27)

fz: (will be explained in a future lesson)

g: (usually connects a noun or a sentence to an adjective or to a modifier)

gava: foot

ge: (affirmative copula)

gega: gay (male)

gn: (generalization marker) (see lesson 6)

gnau: to ban, prohibited

gno: (relative pronoun) (see lesson 12)

gog: same gender

gord: village, town, city

gv: (sentence ends, and an unrelated one starts) (will be explained in a future lesson)

g-do: young-old

g-go: a bit-a lot (in quantity, not quality)

j: you (animate)

ja: you (plural)

jeka: door

jemac: to start, beginning

jogra: judgemental

kak: like (see lesson 13)

kavo: snow

kbac: goat

kbau: gay, lesbian, bisexual

kbuc: east

kb-k: lonely/full of friends

kc-k: alone/full of people around

keco: to expect (to think something will happen)

kebta: straight, bisexual

kecta: straight (sexuality)

kek: like (see lesson 13)

kezes: gay, lesbian

kf: (sentence ends, and a related one starts) (will be explained in a future lesson)

kfok: conformist

kog: unlike

kok: like (see lesson 13)

kokr: heart (metaphorical)

koze: (see lesson 14)

kract: dragon

kre: hearsay

kreo: problem

kruko: death (as a state, not as a transition)

kub: style

kuk: like (see lesson 13)

kv-k: (it can either mean alone/full of people around, or lonely/full of friends)

k-ta: cold-hot

k-sm: complex-simple

m: (see lesson 18)

mazn: tuesday

mede: bear (animal)

na: female

naba: to drink

nact: to drink, to eat

naka: to eat

ndae: to interact

nema: to cry

noko: to knock (e.g. at a door)

ns: (instrumental preposition: with, in company of)

nta: (metaphor marker) (see lesson 28)

ntu: (non-metaphor marker) (see lesson 28)

nug: this

nuru: only

nuska: the next...

nuzg: this (the speaker is inside the thing referred by this adjective)

orab: compulsory, to force

osne: autumn

ot: and

p: (open parenthesis)

pan: pan (the fictional country where Lili is spoken)

peda: the past part of today

pn: (plural marker)

p-f: past-future

p-pu: hopelessness-hope

p-sno: dangerous-safe

r: (usually connects a verb to an object)

rac: therefore

raop: time (occurrence of an event)

ras: one

rd-n: old-new

rejd: rain

reke: hello

rend: apple

reo: (relative pronoun) (see lesson 12)

rer: (see lesson 19)

retom: summer

rezes: lesbian

rod: (ordinal number marker) (see lesson 25)

rof: (see lesson 19)

rop: request marker (see lesson 17)

ropr: city

saz: to have an opinion that... (see lesson 41)

seror: village

sez: to have an opinion that... (see lesson 41)

smer: to die, death (as a transition, not as a state)

soz: to have an opinion that... (see lesson 41)

sn: (singular marker)

sodu: to permit, permitted

sra: (sarcasm marker) (see lesson 28)

sru: (non-sarcasm marker) (see lesson 28)

suba: (see lesson 22)

sumu: to live (somewhere)

s-zu: unlikely-likely

t: (close parenthesis)

taka: like this, this way

taman: minute (amount of time)

tbab: to trust

teda: today

tob: (see lesson 15)

top: (topic marker) (see lesson 36)

transgender: transgender

u: (negation marker)

un: (noun marker) (see lesson 22)

ubut: to kill, murder

uc: I (masculine)

uj: you (masculine)

ugu: (negative copula)

uzmu: age (period of time, e.g. classical age, modern age)

v: (vocative) (see lesson 38)

vavu: why?

vbak: obvious

vefn: Wednesday

vesan: spring

vne: outside

vok: every

vrumu: to move in another town or country

vu: male

vura: july

vusto: hospital

v-bra: to worsen, to improve ("vubra" means "to stay stable")

zb-v: slim-fat

zada: sexual arousal

zaov: sunday

zasn: sunny

zauvu: century

zde: here

zev: both genders

zmau: winter

zoge: sexual orientation (also used to indicate an unspecified sexual orientation)

zrau: fork

zuf: speculation

zuma: bedroom

zvaz: to discourage, discouraged

zveg: past, present and future... always

z-ca: sad-happy

z-de: difficult-easy