Griffin

Griffin Language is a constructed language that was firstly developed in 2008. Although the idea and some of the main rules are inspired by the first version, most of the language’s sound and rules are much different than its first drafts.

There are 5 eras of the language development: first era or the first drafts of the script which could represent some kind of the first phonology rules. Second era in which the language was heavily influenced by Serbian, French and English. This includes many of the words that were constructed to sound like these languages as well first grammar made to look similar to Serbian and English. Third era included influence from Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Estonian, which meant dictionary expansion. Fourth era was silmplifying era where most of the complex rules and complicated writing systems were changed for the symplified latin script that was combination of Estonian latin alphabet and German traditional way of spelling. Fifth era and current language is influenced by Polish and Hungarian.

Text sample
Allet ot liudotre samsu bornäärioi libertadtiska et saimiska wo to imdimõpauprilt et to õlenurilte. Onerei u õptelemiska so sit denktentot et sit denkpsehot; et jotkajot to bud nidy doiy edn tüll dos wo to soulsilt ot brötmanshjaftotr. (Üniversalneiska deklaracijaoon ot liudiska õlenurotre)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Naming the language and the counstructed world
The language and the concept of the constructed magical world were two separate ideas before they merged as Griffin became the official language of the most influental nation in my constructed world. From that moment the language developed in the state and world building way. The world was imagined as hybrid of the modern Earth and the Harry Potter Wizarding world with wizarding and magical elements fading from the rules of the story through the years. Inspired by the American law systems and Euroean history, Griffin Empire became my own idea of the utopia where magic and technology coexisted.

Phonology
Like many other languages, Griffin has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of Griffin are a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system.

Historical classification
Griffin Language, among modern phonology uses "old classification" that is unique for Griffin language. Phonemes are classified into groups with similar sound, and it is done using the letters from the older script that was used to write Old Griffin Language. It can be used in modern Griffin as well.

Morphology
Griffin makes a distinction among three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), six cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, instrumental) and two numbers (singular and plural). This is one of the most obvious reasons that it is related to Alfaean language,

There are seven types of words in Griffin language: nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numbers, contributions, & proposals.

Nouns
Griffin Language has 4 groups of nouns:
 * shaaftiska – collective nouns (buk - furniture)
 * freuiska – building nouns (anke - milk)
 * togiska – common nouns (pyoträ - room)
 * mouitthiska – names (Milaan - Milan).

Plural of nouns
There is only one rule about building the plural of nouns: For Example: esfoor – esfoore (word - words) For Example: rouli – rouliae (letter - letters)
 * Plural is built by adding ending -e on the end of the singular.
 * If word ends with -e,-i,-o,-u,-ü,-ä,-õ or -ö then ending for plurar is -ae.

Declension
Griffin has only one declensional type and it is very strict about it. There are no exceptions.

 Case questions 

To determine cases we use their questions, and they are:

Karakteriistikalerne
Karakteriistikalerne is a list of 32 characteristic words that are used even today, although there exist new versions of these words in modern Griffin. The bolded words are the official version of that word in äldtiiriska Griffiniskaja.

Süprakarakteriistikalerne
Süprakarakteriistikalerne is a list of 8 characteristic words that are used today as normal words, although there exist new versions of these words in modern Griffin. Unlike the Karakteriistikalerne list, here does not exists the advantage of the modern versions.

Adjectives
In grammar, an adjective is a 'describing' word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified. They are divided into:
 * sitjaiska –building (npr. wõtiska - watery)
 * pesageiska – describing (npr.bonitaiska - beautiful).
 * l'cestiska – possessive (Militzaiskaja - Milicas)

Building and describing adjectives are made by adding ending -iska at the end of the noun, and possesive are made by ending -iskaja.

Adjectives cannot be declined.

Comparison of adjectives
In griffin language adjectives are compared equally to all genders, namely: for the comparative prefix that we add is pop- and ending is -iskast, and superlative is built with rnatpop- and ending -iska. Possessive adjectives can not be compared.

Verbs
A verb is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action (bringy - to bring), or a state of being (biy - to be). In Griffin Language where the verb is inflected, it agrees with its primary argument (the subject) in person, number and/or gender. Verbs are the only words that have conjugation.

Infinitive is the main shape of verb, and it is made by adding ending -y [ji:]. The only irregular verb, except auxiliary verbs samy, kasiliery and opsiy, is verb biy – to be. Auxiliary verbs are the only verbs that cannot be translated into any other language. Verb forms are: There are three tenses (rntpopsade,futureeiska et pastesdiska). Grammatical moods are: imperati neiken and mogihja – imperative i potential. And participles are : gliagiskaja adgliag sadeiska(for present) and gliagiskaja adgliag pastesdiska(for past).
 * tenses
 * moods
 * participles.

Grammatical Participles
Griffin language has two participles:
 * Past participle
 * Present participle.

 Gliagiska adgliag pastesdiska 

This part of griffin grammar is called Past participle or in griffin - Gliagiska adgliag pastesdiska and it is used to describe better action which happened in past. We build it by adding the ending -örhn at the end of infinitive form of verb without infinitive ending -y.

Eg.
 * tenury - to judge
 * tenurörhn - After judging

 Gliagiska adgliag sadeiska 

Present participle or gliagiska adgliag sadeiska is used to describe better action in present. It is built by adding ending -lei at the end of infinitive form of verb without infinitive ending -y.

Eg.
 * vmuertoy - to dye
 * vmuertolei- dying

Grammatical Tenses
Griffin language has three tenses:
 * Present Tense
 * Future Tense
 * Past Tense.

 Rnatpopsade Koniugatilla 

It has all different forms. We build it when add endings: em, esh , e , emo , ete , u (without infinitive ending -y.)

Example: verb to stand - stolingoy

When we want to ask yes/no question in present we add da lei in front of the subject.

When we add niet in front of the verb we made negation.

This tense is used to describe present, and in English it is translated with Present Simple Tense, but it means all "Present Tenses". And of course this tense is used with:
 * sade - now
 * stlno – always
 * vekh... – already...
 * juzjvarrli – usually
 * chehsto – often
 * alletew... – every...

 Futureeiska Koniugatilla 

We build Future Tense by adding verb goey (to go) with "to" [to'] in Present Tense and main verb in Present tense.

Example: verb to afford - kalscnpy

If we want to ask a yes/no question we add verb goeey in front of the subject, and after subject we have normal word order.

For making negation we can use three different ways:
 * We make negation by adding auxiliary verb opsiy in front of the subject with endings: ik,uk,ak,ek,uk,ik. (without goey and to)*
 * We can also make negation with auxiliary verb kasiliery in Present Tense in front of the main verb. (without goey and to)**
 * Third way is the simplest way: we add negation "niet" in front of the verb goeey.***

This tense we use to describe any kind of future. To translate this tense into English we use Future Tense. Also, this tense we use with:
 * satr - tomorrow
 * weühröäpüõ - tomorrow
 * shant – in five years
 * billirenski – in two minutes
 * wo sit buccurestiovje – u budućnosti
 * dzjastth – soon
 * subiska - very soon, fast
 * ednminutenzaajn - in minute
 * fiveeminutensein - in five minutes
 * shaante - after five years
 * bronte - in ten years
 * wont - after a long time
 * vonte - after 10 years.

 Pastesdiska Koniugatilla 

We build Past Tense by adding auxiliary verb samy in Present Tense with endings em, esh, e, emo, ete, u in front of the main verb with endings i.

Example: verb to fly - memfety

Yes/no question is built by puting samy after adding word da lei in front of the subject, and after subject we have normal word order.

For making negation we put negation niet in front of the auxiliary verb.

This tense we use to describe any kind of past. To translate this tense into English we use Simple or Continuous Past Tense. Also, this tense we use with:
 * bef ro or elada godnae - 1000 years ago
 * bef ro or hundt godnae - 100 years ago
 * iakod - long ago
 * bef ro or...(wikachasam) - ... ago
 * chuj - yesterday
 * shint - the day before yesterday
 * lisentiar - last night
 * ermitrag - this morning
 * bef ro or litliska - moment ago.

Grammatical Moods
Griffin language has two moods:
 * Imperative
 * Potential.

 Imperati neiken 

The imperative mood expresses direct commands, requests, and prohibitions. In many circumstances, using the imperative mood may sound blunt or even rude, so it is often used with care. Example: "Pööl, doiö hutjutödoiacijaoonsam sade" ( "Paul, do your homework now" ). An imperative is used to tell someone to do something without argument.

In Griffin Language there are 2 imperatives: Example: doiy = to work, to do
 * 1) Real imperative is built by adding the suffix -ö at the verb without the infinitive ending -y. It is used for the second person singular and plural only. The subject can be left out.
 * 2) Pseudo imperative is built by using the word döpshtö in front of the sentence in the present tense. The subject can be left out if the word to is added after döpshtö instead.
 * 3)  Negative imperative   is built by adding the word niet in front of the any of the other two imperative forms.    

 Mogihja neiken 

The potential mood (abbreviated pot) is a mood of probability indicating that, in the opinion of the speaker, the action or occurrence is considered likely. In Griffin language it expresses wishes and desires and is used for the conditional sentences as well.

In Griffin language there are 3 versions of potential: Example: ägoeey = to get ready
 * Present potential is built by adding the word jot att in front of the verb in infinitive.
 * Past potential is built by att gorr in front of the verb in infinitive.

Pronouns
In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form. Subtypes include personal pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.

The use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on an antecedent. This applies especially to third-person personal pronouns, and to relative pronouns. For example, in the sentence That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat, the antecedent of the pronoun he is the noun phrase that poor man.

The adjective associated with pronoun is pronominal. A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in Det niet e tpak edn widzj sam volimio. ( That's not the one I wanted ), the phrase tpak edn = the one (containing the prop-word one) is a pronominal.