Txakanese

Gua is a language that I am making for an another world in a story that I am making

Classification and Dialects
this is the main dialect of Gua, Zhuak Gua/國語- country language the one that is spoken in Huo Dzom and the forest area. the other dialect is Chuak Gua/ 砂語 and it's spoken in the desert area, and that were its name comes from- sand language

Phonotactics
maximum sylleble structure- (c)v(c)

every consonant can be at the onset except ŋ

only the consonants m, n, ŋ, t, p, k can be at the coda.

when p, t, and k are at the coda they become unreleased- [p̚, t̚, k̚]

when there are two or more syllables with the vowel "ə" in a row all the vowels turn into "e̞" except for the last one

when "i" is pared with just a starting consonant it's "i" in every other situation it's "ɪ"

writing system
Gua can be written three writing systems
 * 1) 漢字 Hànzi- Chinese characters, used by both dialects
 * 2) A vertical writing system that based on traditional Mongolian writing I made up- used in Zh. Gua
 * 3) A horizontal version of the second writing system- used in Ch.Gua. it is written right to left

Nouns
pluralization- add "dua 々" after the noun examples:

dog- hau, dogs- hau dua. color- shieng, colors- shieng dua

noun cases
accusative case

to show the direct object/s of the verb.

nominative case

shows who did the thing- the subject marker

nominative and accusative cases example:

ehn an ut am nu zheh/你題昨吃牛有- you ate the cow. literal translation- you TheOneThat PastTense ToEat cow AccusativeCase

genitive case

shows possession like the 's in English. if the speaker is the possessor they don't need to say "ga ___ yoi" they can just say "___ yoi"

locative case

shows were the thing happened

instrumental case 

shows with what the thing happened

genitive, locative and instrumental cases example:

yan ding an ut shang ga mau tseh dua yoi sheng sheng eht hi shi/目口題昨殺我貓嬰々的有木木在火同- Yan Ding killed my kittens with fire at the forest. literal translation- Yan Ding TheOneThat PastTense ToKill I kittens GenitiveCase DirectObject forest LocativeLase fire InstrumentalCase

Verbs
in Gua there are two types of verbs, normal verbs or constructed verbs.

to conjugate both verbs into the past tense you need to add ut̚/昨 before it, for the future tense you need to add zha/将 before it. for the simple form of the verb you just say it, for the progressive form of the verb you add na/了 to the end of the verb.

when you want to say who did, doing, or will do something, like he ate, I will sleep, they were killed, you say the verb and after it you say the name or the thing who did it. ex: I know- shiong na ga/思了我, the fish swam-uk liep shik/昨泳魚 , they will sit- zha tsuo in/将坐他

to say that something is able to verb, you add "num" to the end of a verb

example: is able to eat- am num, a creature that is able to die/mortal - tsung num bu

if you want

constructed verbs
.constructed verbs are made by attaching dza/ to the end of a word. it can be a noun or an adjective adjective.

Adjectives
in Gua the adjective comes after the noun, ex: yie iem/家新 -new house, bam kam/晚冷 -cold night. when you want to emphasize an adjective, like, you want to say very small, you say the adjective twice. so very small will be small small- ai ai/小小 in Gua. to change any word into an adjective say "似-mi" before it. "mi" literaly means like/as so 似鳥/ mi bak like/ as bird is "birdy"

Syntax
the basic word order of gua is SOV. is a short three word sentence it will be for example "I am eating an egg"= "ga am na gaut" and the word order of basic question sentences is SOV and the question marker at the end "am I eating an egg?"= "ga gaut am na yo". in longer sentences that have a "tool" (instrumental case), time and location the word order is Subject Time Verb Place Tool and Object. the place and the tool can be switched.

for every sentence that is more complicated the SVO the is a need for the Subject marker "題/an" and the direct object marker "有/zheh"

for example: last night I ate an egg with my hands at home= "ga an ut bam ut am yie eht chi doit yoi shi gaut zheh"/ "我昨晚昨吃家在匙臂的同蛋有"

if there is no tool and place and there is just time the word order is Subject Verb Object Time - I ate an eg last night= ga an ut am gaut zheh ut bam

Example text
romanization- ga an ut bing： hau ou go shieng zheh u bik hoing deung deung yoi zheh

Chinese characters- 我題昨見犬大零色有和鳥頸長長的有

IPA- ga an ut̚ bɪŋ: haʊ ou go ʃjɛŋ ʒə u bɪk̚ hoɪŋ dəʊŋ dəʊŋ yoɪ ʒə

literal translation- I TopicMarker PastTense ToSee: dog big No Color(black) DirectObjectMarker and bird neck long long ToHave DirectObjectMarker

English- I saw: a big black dog and a bird with a very long neck