Circular Gallifreyan

Gallifreyan is the language used by the Time Lords from the planet Gallifrey. There are several forms of written and spoken Gallifreyan.

Circular Gallifreyan evolved from Modern Linear Gallifreyan. The writting is sub-divided into:

''A complex system of interlocking circles. Used in every day life, computers and TARDISes.'' ''Its use is similar to cursive in English and other human languages. Mostly seen in poetry. ''
 * Collapsed Circular Gallifreyan
 * Long Circular Gallifreyan

Many of its words sound like frustrated grunts and clucks to most other species. Gallifreyan has 27 tenses, ten of which are for discussing alternate universes caused by events discussed in the other 17. It is not uncommon for Time Lords, when discussing the future, to suddenly shift into an alternate-universe tense. Most of the nouns and adjetives are compounds words, making them very long and complicated. Fortunately, with the introduction of Modern Gallifreyan, these senteces-like words became shorter.

Gallifreyans only evolved a language when it became necessary to discuss concepts which could not be adequately expressed telepathically, such as quantum physics. Many concepts, particularly those relating to emotions, can still only be truly expressed telepathically.

Alphabet
There are no letters in Circular Gallifreyan. Each circle represents a unique sound.

Time Lords do not distinguish consonants from vowels. The order of their alphabet isn't like any other from Earth. Also, every circle has it owns name. These names are never used on writings, only orally.

This is the alphabet taught to the children of Gallifrey when they enter the Academy:



Ñ    =     ÑEH

J    =     JEH

N    =     NEH

P    =     PEH

M    =     MEH

K    =     KEH

L    =     LEH

B    =     BET

Ç    =     ÇET

G    =     GET

H    =     HET

F    =     FET

CH    =    CHET 

D    =     DET

TS    =     TSEM

QU    =     QUEM

<p style="text-align:center;">X    =     XEM

<p style="text-align:center;">NG    =     NGEM

<p style="text-align:center;">Y    =     YEM

<p style="text-align:center;">Z    =     ZEM

<p style="text-align:center;">T    =     TEL

<p style="text-align:center;">ZH    =    ZHEL 

<p style="text-align:center;">V    =     VEL

<p style="text-align:center;">W    =     WEL

<p style="text-align:center;">S    =     SEL

<p style="text-align:center;">SH    =     SHEL

<p style="text-align:center;">R    =     REL

<p style="text-align:center;">O    =     OHTE

<p style="text-align:center;">Ē    =     ĒFSE

<p style="text-align:center;">U    =     UXE

<p style="text-align:center;">E    =     ELBE

<p style="text-align:center;">I    =     ITGE

<p style="text-align:center;">Ū    =     ŪHDE

<p style="text-align:center;">A    =     AKHE

<p style="text-align:center;">Ã    =    ÃÇE '

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=Grammar=

Sentence Structure
The main structure is SOV for sentences and questions.

Questions
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;">

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;"><span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">- Questions are formed by adding the particle praZHa<span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;"> at the end of a sentence.


 * Ex: Qutch on brakppafho olvs'helgonn praZHa . - "Are you an alien?"

Symbol for PRAZHA in Collapsed Circuler Gallifreyan:



Nouns
All nouns are gender neutral. The particles "kz" & "kl" could be added at the end of a noun to mark if a word is feminine or masculine respectively.

Plurality in nouns is expressed in different manners. The particle "l" must always be added to the noun when pluralizing. To indicate the exact quantity is necessary to always use the following list of words, otherwise, the pluralized noun's meaning is ambiguous. <p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;"><span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;text-align:start;">

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;"><span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;text-align:start;">Honorifics in nouns are marked with the following suffixes:

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;">Ugsproid - alive in the present (optional)


 * Vlyproid - alive once in the past (optional)


 * Jūdproid - never alive (optional)


 * Gçkdproid - alive in the future (optional)


 * Barfw' - from a parallel universe


 * -Lēlaefr - is/from/of a Time Lord


 * -Gallã - is/from/of Gallifrey(an)


 * -Trqa - is/from/of a TARDIS


 * Brakpp' - non-native


 * -Tsrh - 4th person (disambiguation of the third person referents)




 * Rhssy - universal reference (every single one of [...] in the universe)

Tenses
The modern Gallifreyan language has 17 tenses:
 * Example: Vimur (man) - Rherjy (to go) - En'ē kue (to) - Lapeljou (home) 

* The Saudade Tense is used with things that used to be and may be again one  day. ** The Oblivion Tense is used with things that used to be and have been erased from time completely. *** The Pan-Temporal/Spatial Tense is used with things which always are and   were and will be, all through the universe. Mostly seen in (time) laws. **** The Utopia Tense is used with things that never were but could be. Mostly seen in sentences expressing feelings. ***** The Cannot Tense is used with things that must never happen.

Tenses for Alternate Universes
The tenses for Alternate Universes are comformed of the auxiliar, the verb and the suffix -'kalra.

Example: But only 10 of the verb tenses can be used in the AU mode: ​Some young Time Lords tend to use the AU suffix with other tenses, although this is incorrect.
 * Vimur en'ē kue lapeljou  rherjy'kalra iera.     (future tense in an Alternate Universe)'''
 * 1) Present
 * 2) Past Perfect
 * 3) Past Imperfect
 * 4) Past Anterior
 * 5) Future
 * 6) Future Perfect
 * 7) Future Continous
 * 8) Pluperfect
 * 9) Saudade
 * 10) Conditional Perfect

Timelines
It's not necessary to specify in which or whose timeline the actions are being performed, nevertheless, Time Lords love a complicated language so they often, when conjugating a verb, add a Timeline Specifier. There are 3 timelines in which one can talk:
 * 1)  Personal Timeline : The Timeline of the speaker not the subject who commits the action. Used in conversations between 2 to 5 Time Lords and generally when the subject is not present. It's represented with the word zhan after the verb.
 * 2) Individual Timeline : The Timeline of the subject who commits the action. Used in conversations between 2 or more Time Lords and generally when the subject is also the speaker. It's represented with the word zhana before the verb.
 * 3) Universal Timeline :The Timeline of the Universe, the one that never changes. Used in conversations between more than 5 Time Lords. It's represented with the word zhante at the beginning of the sentence.

Fixed Points in Time
Time Lords can see what is, what could be, what used to be, what must never change (fixed points in time) and what must never happen.

To talk about fixed points in time, they simply add the word baghk after the conjugated verb. Some count this as the 28th verb tense of the Gallifreyan language.

Objective Personal Pronouns
The Subjective Personal Pronouns are used as Objective as well.

Possesive Personal Pronouns
The preffix çagts' is added before the personal pronoun. Ex.:

                        Çagts'pira jyei    =   Mine                         Çagts'borhear      =   Its                         Çagts'qutchl       =   Yours

Demostrative Pronouns
When referring to something on the same timeline of the speaker:

<pre style="text-align:center;">This/These    =      Niat

That/Those    =     Zu

When referring to something on a different timeline that the speaker's:

<pre style="text-align:center;">This/These    =     Fhe'lē Niat

That/Those    =     Fhe'lē Zu

Numbers
Time Lords use a septenary numeral system:

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> 0 - Senth

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> 1 - Etth

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> 2 - Sitth

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> 3 - Trzith

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> 4 - QUhotth

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> 5 - Teincth

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> 6 - ZHiCHtth

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<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;"><span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">Higher numbers are formed by adding several affixes, also, the double "t" is eliminated.


 * <span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">kn when adding just one zero: Kenth (10) - Ksinth (20) - KZHinchth (60)
 * <span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">kenCH when adding 2 zeros: KentenCH (100) - KtrzinthenCH (300)
 * <span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">zneCH + decimal form for thousands: ZnekenthCH (1 000) - ZneksinthCH (2 000)
 * <span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">NGess + decimal form + c when adding 4 zeros: NGesskentCH (10 000) - NGesskteninetCH (50 000)
 * <span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">mbent + decimal form + c when adding 5 zeros: MbentkentCH (100 000) - MbentksintCH (200 000)
 * qettn + decimal form +c for millions: QettnkentCH (1 000 000) - QettnkqhontCH (4 000 000)

<span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">Decimals
0.1 - zaik etth

0.01 - tezaik senth etth

0.001 - qhezaik senth senth etth

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;"> Numbers are always written inside a hexagon.

<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;line-height:normal;"><span style="color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px;">Ex:

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Negation
Negative sentences are constructed using the 3 negative words beofre the verb:

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Origin Case
Indicates the origin of an action or the reason for an action. Usually means "because": Pira jyei kt'o irgyu qbyxãngto tarlavenydd'am hefwax'ani. (I run because I'm scared)

Accusative Case
Indicates the direct object of a verb: Due voormelleo haloewano kou-vol dnlden'ēdwnth vlaystgkem. (The Doctor remembered us)

Ablative Case

Indicates movement from' something: Vimur aerynūãl-'''Gallifrey ngotyo Vulkan vlaystgkem rherjy. (The man went from Gallifrey to Vulcan) '''

Locative Case
<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">Indicates a location: Fowmikoeh'am labeljyoul hefwax'ani-Sol IV. (The houses in Mars are beautiful)

Instrumental Case
Indicates an object used in performing an action: Vara gulth ñprosghjetl ndive'on wethalkagj'am atwithodshuldoēqzjãxen. (He opened the door with a sonic screwdriver)

Translative Case
Indicates a change in the state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming X" or "change to X": Pira jyei kchish'op-en'ē kue grotanarchrhu'am vimur (I become a new man) ***this is the only known case in Gallifreyan where a verb comes right after the subject.

Dative
Marks the goal, recipient or affected: Pira jyei xuph-qutch irgyu (I run for you)

Comitative Case
Indicates accompaniment: Ndi-pira jyei al'valono-ve nthlyehadde (I travel in the company of/together with pain)

Expectative Case
Indicates expectation: Garbe shf on mildha ois'is'en vlaystgkem olvs'sparjezhtan-tiklol (They expected a war) *** Literally translated as: They imagined and believed a war to be.

Credential Case
Indicates an expression of belief: Pira jyei kt'o borhear vlaystgkem shek hitasp'tiklolū. (I think it died)

Impositive Case
Used to express an imposing expectation upon a party: Qutch denta'shrtrawonf-zai'dhūngajrweq (You are supposed to stay)

Anticipative Case
Indicates positive anticipation: Jablu sayll n'diprathon'faelasēsuth-alkl'oerlēt zai'rherjy Gallifrey (We look forward to visiting Gallifrey) *** Literally translated as We with several madness wait to visit Gallifrey.

Moods
It's used to indicate actions the speaker does or did frequently
 * ===Habitual Mood===

Ex:

Past Tenses: Pira jeyi dodagçash Earth ndi'rikhutsng vlaystgkem rherjy. - "I used to go to planet Earth"

Present Tenses : Pira jyei dodagçash Earth ndi'rikhutsng rherjy. - "I go to planet Earth frequently"

Future Tenses : Pira jyei dodagçash Earth ndi'rikhutsng rherjy iera. - "I would like to get into the habit of frequently go to planet Earth" It's used to indicate that someone or something played a role assisting or causing another action. The Causative is divided into 4 cases:
 * ===Causative Mood===

- Forced Action. Ex : Thlihante-zai'baehilt - Someone/something is making someone/something do something.

- Assited Action. Ex : Ñetroplg-zai'baehilt - Someone/something is helping someone/something do something.

- Permitted Action. Ex : Xērtten-zai'baehilt - Someone/something is letting someone/something do something.

- An Action Caused Indirectly or As a Result of Something Else. Ex : Raigh-llakhib-zai'baehilt - Something else happened that let/caused someone/something to do something. - Expressing optional desire. Ex : Pira jyei rrgonklq-zai'azhñortem - I wish to travel.
 * ===Desiderative Mood===

- Used to express not optional desire. Ex : Pira jyei midrhafortx-zai'azhñortem - I want to travel. - Expressing preferential obligation but it's not optional. Ex : Pira jyei denta-jmara-zai'azhñortem - I must travel.
 * ===Obligational Mood===

- Expressing optional but preferential obligation. Ex : Pira jyei denta-shrtrawonf-zai'azhñortem - I should travel. - Optional necessity. Ex : Pira jyei prnteduria-zai'azhñortem - I need to travel.
 * ===Necessity Mood===

- Obligatory necessity. Ex : Pira jyei denta-prnteduria-zai'azhñortem - I have to travel. - Having the potential or possibility to do something. Ex : Pira jyei delgartnowrzh-zai'azhñortem - I can travel.
 * ===Alethic Mood===

- Having the opportunity to do something. Ex : Pira jyei usogz'delgartnowrzh-zai'azhñortem - I could travel. - To express probability. Ex : Pira jyei daheltroppm-zai'azhñortem - I will probably travel. - Expressing regret over a past event now long gone. Ex : Pira jyei xartlov-zai'azhñortem pira jyei ayiretuj guszharrr-jekkçamp - If I had travelled, I wouldn't be here.
 * ===Potential Mood===
 * ===Irrealis Mood===

Adjectives
For describing in Gallifreyan, the verb am (to exist) is added as a suffix to the noun becoming this the adjective. Ex:

<p style="text-align:center;">Fowmikoeh'am <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">Beauty + Exists = Beautiful

<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;">When forming sentences like "I'm happy" or "She's scared" is always necessary to add the word hefwax'ani (in - inside) after the adjective. Using hefwax'ani in sentences like "the beautiful planet" is also acceptable but not obligatory. Ex: <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">Fowmikoeh'am hefwax'ani dodagçash. / Fowmikoeh'am dodagçash. <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">The planet is beautiful. <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;"> Literally translated as : Beauty exists in the planet. <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">--- <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">Jednost'am hefwax'ani pira jyei. <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">I'm happy. <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;"> Literally translated as : Happiness exists in me.

Superiority:
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;">The word cheeiv (more) is placed before the adjective. Ex:

<p style="text-align:center;">Cheeiv konfinijd'am hefwax'ani on kamor zu vimur. <p style="text-align:center;">A child uglier than man.

Equality:
The word shet'e (like) is placed between nouns. Ex:

<p style="text-align:center;">Konfinijd'am hefwax'ani on kamor shet'e vimur.

<p style="text-align:center;">A child as ugly as man.

Inferiority:
The word ietyeonl (less) is placed before the adjective. Ex:

<p style="text-align:center;">Ietyeonl konfinijd'am hefwax'ani on kamor zu vimur.

<p style="text-align:center;">A child less ugly than man.

Superlative Form
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;">The words due (the) and erucheykath (superior) are placed before the adjective. Ex:

<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">Due erucheykath konfinijd'am hefwax'ani on kamor.

<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;text-align:center;">The ugliest child.

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Expressing Feelings in Gallifreyan
In the early days of the Gallifreyan language, Time Lords only expressed their feelings telepathically. With the invention of a writing system for, the until then, spoken language, they started coming up with words to describe the way they felt themselves and towards others. For a Time Lord, a feeling is much more than just an emotion, it's a state of being. For example, instead of saying "I'm in love" they say "I'm love". A more literal translation would be: "I am in the state of love"

There's an especial TO BE verb used exclusively to describe emotions: Zai'zaphod.

"I'm in love" in Gallifreyan would read as follows: Pira jyei lomã zaphod

Now, if you want to tell someone that you love them, you'll have to use the rule of the Emotional Response Verbs:

I love you - Qutch pira jyei x'lyu lomã zai'zaphod (you make me be in the state of love)

This rule is used with all the emotions.

<p align="LEFT" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;widows:2;orphans:2;">

<p style="text-align: LEFT; color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri;font-size:11px;margin-bottom:0cm;border-style:none;padding:0cm;line-height:0.47cm;widows:2;orphans:2;"><span style="font-size:18px;color:rgb(58,58,58);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:21px;">Example text