Fèngë

Vowels
* Usually [ɘ].

Vowels can be nasalised by putting a ņ after them.

Diphthongs: ai /aɪ/, oi /oɪ/, òi /ɔɪ/, ei /eɪ/, èi /ɛɪ/; au /aʊ/, èu /ɛʊ/, òu /ɔʊ/, iu /iʊ/

Pronouns
3rd person pronoun has also 2 human variants: lë and në for male and female respectively.

The declension of pronouns is similar to declension of nouns ending on ë.

Nouns
Nouns have 5 main cases, 4 secondary cases and a wide pattern of declension. Secondary cases (inessive, lative, ablative, similative) have identical rules for all declensions.

Ending in a long vowel
Those declensions usually don't take a -në nominative ending, but declension remains such.

Ending in a consonant, long final vowel
These declensions take -èš in nominative.

Fèngëkòm (Fèngë man/woman)
All other is like the basic declension.

Adjectives
Adjectives decline as nouns, but can be not declined at all.

Adverbs
Adverbs are made by doubling the final consonant (not indicated in writing) and adding an -öš ending. E.g. èn (soft) [ɛn] becomes ènöš ['ɛ.n:ø̞ʃ]. The -èš adjectives drop the -èš ending.

If an adjective ends in a vowel, a -né ending is added instead.

Irregularities:

amál [a.'ma:l] (again), adverbs of time, and adverbs like ödöt (once) are put after the verb.

đebèr [ɟ͡ʝe.'bɛr] - đebèröš ['ɟ͡ʝe.bɛ.r:ø̞ʃ] (fast, quick - fast, quickly)

Verbs
Verbs have 3 conjugations, 3 persons, and different mood markers. The infinitive endings are -čë and -të for imperfect and perfect verbs respectively (perfect ending is used more frequently). The sparingly used 3rd class verbs carry same mood markers as imperfect verbs.

Note: the perfect form is always used in colloquial speech.

Mood markers
Verbs have indicative, interrogative, potential, conditional, subjunctive and imperative moods. All of these are expressed by infixes. The subjunctive mood is used to express "if" clauses.

Between two moods (usually any mood with interrogative) a -š- infix is put.

E.g. "will you be able to think?" (think - "műxètë") is "műxèvošòk?"

The verb "to be"
The verb "to be" (èčë, 3c) is irregular and is used sparingly. Between two moods a standard -š- infix is put.

Numerals
Numerals come in 2 forms, "indefinite" (if counting or saying the digit or a "foreign" number school mark) and "common" (if saying something like "two cows"). Here is the list of the most commonly used numerals:

Greetings
Űvèrèdex! - Hello! (lit. I greet!) (formal)

Űvèrök! - Hello!

Èrűdak se'èņtèm! - Goodbye! (lit. Go in peace!) (formal)

Töpök! - Bye!

Ȍfëtén mő èmlatë ëmën! - May our discussion not be foolish!

Èzék _____ - My name is _____ (formal) Èzés kivë? - What's your name? (lit. What your name will be?) (formal)

Xë _____ - I'm _____

Kë xèvëk? - Who you are? (lit. Who will you be?)

Đen èmètéx? - How are you? (lit. How's your life?)

Common phrases
Èbèraņ - on the behalf

Ètèskö - for example

Example text

 * Èþȅsà mòņtȅm èņ sülëvex ërën tüfèrèdèk lővèk mòņdë këm!

[ɛ.θɛ'sɒ mɔ̃'tɛm ɛ̃ 'sy.lɘ.βeχ 'ɘ.rɘn 'ty.ɸɛ.rɛ.dɛk 'lø.βɛk 'mɔ̃.dɘ kɘm]

Come here and I'll buy you a cup of best lő here!


 * Èžé ȅt-Fèngëkòmët šümèdöņ èmèrèli èžé ȅt-mȍraņ.

All Fèngë men can speak their language everywhere.


 * Haba šatar èmlë bèk-tüfèrèdèr èm xadaš ka bèrèdë mȅtèfi kumȁni.

The new king is way better than the old one because he takes lesser taxes.


 * Vét öl-baben tüketèdë Fèngëmèr èrèpöšòk űtèp büdëdeņtöl. Èbèl Fèngëkòm kűkede èl-èmèrèp xašèk èžé ȅt-öpèlaņ.
 * (Attributed to Tarèš of Aréfè, 2nd century by Fèngë calendar/9th century by Earth calendar)

When some foreigner hears the Fèngë language for too long, his ears begin to bleed. But a Fèngë man thinks that his language is the most beautiful in the world.


 * Kašet Kaganadës


 * Dèxar tafète akel, kòņ natër, kašetnë šömödénaņ tös, tò nétètër. Kòņ ènèm yádètëlum xarët xakal ősës a ürës tèmlë kağa. Ëtèņ kebèdètë at kög hab, tèdèl, èšetnè. Á gèd èd në ke indusëtèp xávaduņ kevësaņ. Tò nétètër. Ake èžé ȅt-ègèbèsöt në ke kèxènèp èbèkatëņ agadaņtȅm ègètë tòge. Kòcotë šèmè gȅd bögör ke ödönë èbèl mő kòcotë gèd èl-sènètë í tarön da böznë butèp. Kò nȅr bèzaņ sòkètë fèri akèz Nagarkaga. Èzèp yadèketë xëņžé. Ë Gauri Badarda.

Origin of the Kagan Republic (from Proto-Kagan)

It happened many years ago, way back over there, over to our original homeland, a place far, far away. There, a man who knew of great legends & lore, had a vision. In it, he learned of a new, distant, majical world. A land for where he & his fellow Hindus could live in rapture. A land far, far away. With all the motivation in the world, he & is crew saught out to sea to find this land. He had found many strange & unique lands along the way, but it wasn't untill his third and final voyage he found the land he had invisioned. There, deep into the forest, he founded the city Nagarkaga. His name is known to us all. He is Gauri Badarda.

Examples from Aratkoma

Áš ad kòm (kòmas) èdèdë fèraņtȅm èbèl mő yádèdë èdèþ.

The old man walks to the city, but he doesn't know where it is.

Á gè kèžètë.

The stone fell.

Á díbar gèzètë gòpazaņ gòyék mí. díbar /'dij.bar/

''A bird flew by my store's display window. ''

Áš ad kòm (kòmas) èl èbèdë čödaz ètètë xëtèņtȅm (ètètëni).

''The old man that enjoys reading walked up to me. ''

Á bodè dač akèl ninimék gòyaņtȅm nèsèkedë gòyaņtȅm èl zòmaš umit agèdë ka iš èš adèþ.

''A white cart which my aunt had gone to the store with is being transported to a store that no one really likes because it is just too old. ''