Italix

Classification and Dialects
Itálicce is a standardized version of the romance language(s) that emerged in different areas at around the same time, much akin to the invention of pizza. When latin was falling out of use fairly rapidly, areas at the boundary of the latin-speaking world were influenced by the languages of the areas, romance and otherwize. Years later, these have been grouped together as the Italícci languages. The 'traditional' Itálicce, also known as Itálicys is the variety spoken closest to Switzerland, where Italy and France meet. Since this is a 'standardized' language, all sound changes and evolution is direct from latin

Sound Changes From Vulgar Latin
Key:

(grave accent or backquote before) - Unstressed, (acute accent or a single quote before) - Stressed, C - Consonant, V - Vowel, D - Non Rhotic Consonant, N - Nasals, X - Includes Continuants and Nasals, A - Any Sound, R - Rhotic, L - Laterals, S - schwa, F - Fricative, H - Unvoiced Consonant, P - Plosive
 * kʷ > k / _(u,ʊ,o,i,e)
 * kʷ > ʍ
 * kt > t
 * ka > ʁa / #_
 * k > t͡s / _(i,e)
 * oks > aks / _#


 * 'íː > a ɪ / _#
 * ie > i
 * `i > ə
 * ae > aɪ
 * i > aɪ / #_
 * r > ɾ / aɪ_
 * P > Ø / N_
 * `ɪ > ə
 * us >  əs / _#
 * s >  t͡s / #_V
 * s > z / V_V
 * a ɪ >  e ɪ / _#
 * h > Ø
 * er > ər / _#
 * è > ə / P_Re
 * i > ə / P_Re
 * k > cç / #_V
 * w > v
 * o > e / _n
 * n > Ø / e_#
 * g >  ʝ / #_
 * g > j V_V
 * k >  ʧ / _(i,e, ɛ)
 * è > ɛ / C_D
 * o > ɤ ! #_
 * ò > ə ! #_
 * ʊ > ɤ
 * o > ɔ
 * ù > ə
 * u > ɔ
 * à > ɑ
 * v > f / H_
 * p > f / #_V
 * f > v / V_V
 * f > v / #_V
 * t > Ø / _# ! S_#
 * ta > Ø / _#
 * d > Ø / _# ! S_#
 * Double Consonants Are Eliminated In Writing

Grammatical Changes
Important gramatical changes include the perfect tenses becoming compound, the introduction of a conditional and a past perfective, and the removal of some tenses. The way the passive voice is formed also changed, as well as the object pronouns being introduced in front of the verb as in most other romance languages. Certain personal pronouns also fell out of use, leading to the remaining five. Many declesion and conjugation categories merged, due to the implementation of easier-to-pronounce vowels that blurred the lines between the patterns. As conjugation for number was falling out of widespread use, it became necessary to include the subject pronouns. As shown later, they were once again omitted (except the first person) due to futher changes in the language. Articles were added, and word order became more rigid as many noun cases slowly dropped out of the language.

Stress
Stress is usually very easy to place, as it forms around vowels besides i and y, except when absolutely necessary. Y is never stressed, however. If there is reasonable ambiguity or forced stress indicates meaning, an acute accent is used. '''Final and initial schwa's are often (but optionally) reduced to apostrophes and are only pronounced when speaking formally, when necessary to eliminate confusion, or when written out as a . When you see  at the beginning or end of a word, it is there for a reason.'''

Writing System
Stress is indicated with an acute accent whenever there could be confusion

Nouns
Nouns have changed from Latin in that they are only declined to two cases, and were affected by much more than just sound changes. Nouns usually follow one of three declension patterns, although some do not fit perfectly into these three categories, and others are considered irregular. There is a group of nouns that inflect to absolutely nothing, and generally refer to natural phenonema or states. They end in -x. This group is significantly larger in Italicys than latin. Masc., Fem., Neut. have become Alpha, Beta, Delta.

The dative case is included in the accusative

First Declension Beta (Feminine)
This category contains only beta nouns ending in -a. Other beta nouns are 'other'.

Second Declension Alpha (Masculine)
This category contains only alpha nouns ending in -ys. Other alpha nouns are 'other'.

Third Declension Delta (Neuter)
This category contains only delta nouns ending in -e. Other delta nouns are 'other'.

Other Nouns
This category contains beta nouns with endings other than -a, alpha nouns with endings other than -yz, and delta nouns with endings other than -i. These noun all end in vowels.

Adjectives
Itálice adjectives agree with their nouns in number and gender. '''An exception occurs when the adjective is derived from a noun. In this case, the adjective keeps its ORIGINAL gender. This exception has ANOTHER exception: When modifying an X-Class, adjectives ALWAYS take the X-Class. '''They decline as follows

Adverbs
Adverbs can be formed by adding -manty to the end of the adjective root

Personal Pronouns
The second person plural pronoun was lost, and the third person plural pronouns all became 'Laz', which eliminated the need to use the third person subject pronoun. Then, "To" and "Totyz" fused together, effectively creating another second person plural pronoun. This one is still technically a work-around similar to "you all" in english, and therefore the 'second person pronoun can be omitted too, unless it is plural, at which point it is preferable to include it. Unless it is very clear whether "I" or "we" is being discussed, it is advised that the first person pronoun always be included. the Italites have a very limited range of pronouns. The concept of gender has been eliminated in the third person, as well as the singular and plural third person pronouns being identical.

Object Pronouns
Placed before the verb. This functions as both the accusative and dative form of the pronouns. The indirect object proceeds the direct object. 'lazla' becomes 'lasla'

Posessive Pronouns
da- can be placed before any of these meaning "of/for [my, our, your, their]". If this occurs, the "a" in "ai" is omitted.

These -ai endings can change to -e if near another -ai

Reflexives
There are no reflexive pronouns per se, but reflexives are indicated by simply making the subject and object pronouns refer to the same person.

Articles
Itálice's articles contain information on the case, gender, and definitiveness of the nouns.

Others
Other articles (or rather, demonstrative pronouns) include a 'this', referring to something the speaker has a connection to (or, more often, the speaker and the listener), a 'that' referring to something the listener has a connection to and not the speaker, ex. "That book in your hand", and a 'that' referring to something neither the speaker nor the listener has a connection to, ex. "That book in his hand". Plurals are second row.

Verbs
Verbs are the most radically changed part of speech in Itàlice, and in addition to all inflection based on number being abolished, new tenses have been added and old ones removed. The addition of a Past Perfective occurred due to the way quick actions were thought of, leading to a more forceful pronunciation and in turn a shifting of stress. The passive voice is formed by attaching om- to the beginning of the verb. The prefix -ap can be added to the beginning of a verb to indicate that someone (or something) should do something (or someone :p ). The verb is often, but not always, put in the conditional tense. (some argue that the conditional is a mood, but for all intents and purposes, in Italicys, it functions as a tense) Ezyre is highly irregular

1st Conjugation
this conjugation category consists of verbs that end in -are

2nd Conjugation
This conjugation category consists of verbs that end in -yré, or the very rare -ére

Perfects and Progressives
The perfect tenses are formed by conjugating the verb 'Abyré' to the respective tense, person, and mood, followed by the past participle. The progressive tenses are formed by conjugating the verb 'ezyré' to the respective tense, person, and mood, followed by the present participle.

Affixes
Affixes are as follows. a dash before indicates a suffix, and a dash after indicates a prefix.

Lexicon
Al Léxicys Itálicys

Example text
Italicys Examples