Ayaryé

Ayaryé (meaning "Language of the Light") is an agglutinative language created by Agammenon Anydoros. Some interesting features of Ayaryé include the presence of an ejective consonant ([p']), a nasalized vowel ([õ]), the absence of gender and its (potentially) complex verbal conjugation and syntax. Its phonology features 22 consonants and 8 vowels.

=Phonology=

Pulmonic Consonants
There are 22 pulmonic consonants.

Non-pulmonic Consonants
There is just one ejective consonant, [p'], which is rarely used.

Vowels
There are 7 oral vowels and just one nasal vowel, [õ], which appears very rarely in the language.

Phonotactics
Restrictions and possible combinations of phomemes (consonants or vowels) in the Ayaryé language.

Consonantal Clusters
Only the following clusters are permitted:

Diphthongs
There are 10 possible diphthongs (not counting the [iʔi] one, as this is composed by two vowels separated by a glottal stop).

Triphthongs
There are 20 possible triphthongs.

Stress
Stress is phonologically distinctive in verbs. It falls accordingly to the tense: if the tense of the verb is future, the antepenultimate syllable is stressed; if the tense is present, the penultimate syllable is stressed; if it is the past, the last syllable is stressed. The specifications of tense (imprecise, hodiernal etc.) are determined by sufixes.

In nouns, adjectives and pronouns composed by two syllables: the last syllable is stressed.

In nouns, adjectives and pronouns composed by three syllables: the penultimate syllable is stressed.

Exceptions to these rules are noted by accents, as the Ortography part will explain.

=Ortography=

Consonants
For the sake of easiness in writing the language using a keyboard, there are alternate transliterations for some phonemes (written in parenthesis).

The ejective consonant [p'] is represented as ṗ or p'.

Vowels
Vowels between parenthesis indicate a stressed syllable. For example, in the word mèdu ['me.du], the è indicates that the first syllable, mè, must be stressed by the speaker. If it were medú [me'du], the last syllable instead would be stressed. As the stress in Ayaryé varies, every word must be accentuated.

Vowels between brackets [ ] indicate an alternative transliteration, exclusively used for diphthongs and triphthongs. For example, we could use the words mèye ['mei.e] and éyli ['ɛi.li].

Vowels between braces { } indicate that they must be stressed individually in diphthongs. There are no corpus or lexicon that can attest to this case yet.

Triphthongs
Triphthongs have always stress in the first vowel.

=Grammar=

There are no articles or prepositions, since the case morphology will satisfy the needs of those.

Lexical Morphology
Words are primarily formed through composition.

The rules for word formation through composition are:


 * The preferred order for composition is determiner + name (for example, the words dark + mountain, resulting in Dark Mountain).
 * If the vowels that end the two words to me composed are the same, they are removed. Áya + aryé = ayaaryé = Ayarié.

Nouns
"See main article: Ayaryé noun declension"

Nouns, as well as pronouns and adjectives, are morphossyntathically inflected for 7 cases:


 * Subject
 * Subject Adverbial
 * Predicative
 * Direct Object
 * Indirect Object
 * Object Adverbial
 * Adverbial

Those cases vary depending only on the grammatical number. Ayaryé has three numbers: singular, dual and plural.

Cardinal Numbers
To turn the cardinal to ordinal numbers, just add the suffix -táy to any of the numbers.

Numeric Compositions
Starting with tenths, the rule is:

To numbers 11 to 99, tenth + unity. For example, 11 would me imnyéka, formed by ímni [10] plus éka [1].

To numbers 101 to 999, hundred + tenth + unity. For example, 101 would be idhiéka, formed by ídhi [100] plus éka [1].

To numbers 1,001 to 9,999, (unity) thousand + hundred + tenth + unity. For example, 1,001 would be itsiéka.

With these rules in mind it will not be hard to make another compositions.

Other examples
1991 = ítsi + einédhi + einèmni + eine = itsyeynedhyeynemnyèine

2010 = úle + ítsi + ímni = uleytsi'ímni.

2010th = uleytsi'imnitáy

Verbs
"See main article: Ayaryé verb conjugation"

Ayaryé features 8 possible - not obligatory - inflections for its verbs through prefixes (polarity, mood, voice, emotional state, physical state) and sufixes (tense and aspect). In usual, day-to-day communication, many or all prefixes are not actually used, while the sufixes are almost always used.

The inflections for tense and aspect vary depending on the person and number of the subject, making Ayaryé a non pro-drop language.


 * Polarity
 * Yes (for emphasis)
 * Always
 * No
 * Never
 * Tense
 * Past:
 * Immediate (up to 10 minutes ago)
 * Hodiernal (some time earlier)
 * Hesternal:
 * Yesterday
 * The day before yesterday
 * Two days before yesterday
 * Recent:
 * Up to 1 week ago
 * Up to 1 month ago
 * Up to 6 months ago
 * Up to 1 year ago
 * Up to 5 years ago
 * Up to 10 years ago
 * More than 10 years ago
 * Imprecise
 * Present
 * Future:
 * Immediate (up to 10 minutes after)
 * Hodiernal (some time later)
 * After Today:
 * Tomorrow
 * The day after tomorrow
 * Two days after tomorrow
 * Near:
 * Up to 1 week ahead
 * Up to 1 month ahead
 * Up to 6 months ahead
 * Up to 1 year ahead
 * Up to 5 years ahead
 * Up to 10 years ahead
 * More than 10 years ahead
 * Imprecise
 * Aspect
 * Perfective
 * Imperfective
 * Immediate (Continuous)
 * Habitual
 * Generic
 * Mood
 * Benedictive (opposed to Imperative)
 * Imperative
 * Optative
 * Subjunctive
 * Emotional State
 * Before the Action
 * During the Action
 * After the Action
 * Before and during the action
 * During and after the action
 * Before, during and after the action
 * Physical State
 * Before the Action
 * During the Action
 * After the Action
 * Before and during the action
 * During and after the action
 * Before, during and after the action
 * Voice
 * Passive
 * Reflexive
 * Respect
 * Very little respect
 * Little respect
 * Moderate respect
 * Great respect
 * Very great respect