Umbrean

=Setting= Umbrean is spoken in the nation The Union of Confederated Umbrean Republican States, aka UCURS or Umbrean Confederacy, but is one of the major languages on Verus

General Information
Umbrean is a verb based language, i.e. there is no adjectives and almost all other words are derived from their closest relative verb though some are stand alone nouns but they are rare. The sentence structure of umbrean is SOV, it is a agglutinating and isolating language in which both shifts depending on what category of things one deals with but it is consistent in that area.

Single Letters
Umbrean alphabets sounds like this.

Phonotactics
B,P,T,Q are always followed by a vowel

R and K always comes alone from consonants, as there is vowels around them

two consonants always comes between two vowels

and no two vowels next to eahc other

The syllable structure of umbrean is (C)V(C) for all bigger words though smaller may not follow it.

=Basic Grammar=

Verbs
Umbrean is very regular in its language except for very few verbs but mostly the verb "to be"

Verbal structure:

Voice-Aspect Verb Tense-Mood

Tense
Standarized change of a tense for a verb is achived by simply adding/changing the word behind the verb. This word is known as "Tempus word"


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! colspan="1" | Tense ! colspan="1" | Word ! colspan="1" | Example "To go" ! Infinitive ! Present ! Past ! Future
 * Yny || To go
 * Ata|| I go.
 * Ufa|| I am going.
 * Ero || I have gone.
 * }

Voices
In umbrean a verb is usually a concept rather than an acctual distinct verb. The voice word placed infront defines its exact meaning as the example below. It is commonly divided into stative, dynamic and causative form


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! colspan="1" | Voice ! colspan="1" | Word ! colspan="1" | Example "Olpa" ! colspan="1" | Translation ! Active ! Passive ! Middle
 * Axy || Axy olpa || To throw
 * Yny || Yny olpa || To be thrown
 * Iqa || Iqa olpa || To teach
 * }

Mood
Moods are added by adding the right prefix tot he tempus word
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Mood ! colspan="1" | Prefix ! colspan="1" | Description ! colspan="1" | Example ! Imperative ! Indicative ! Hypothetical ! Potensial ! Dubitative ! Interrogative
 * || Statement || "Lets go!"
 * Am- || It is factually. || "I walked to my job"
 * Ym- || It is hypothetical || "You could have walked to your job"
 * Uj- || It is likely || "I will probably go there"
 * Ix- || It is uncertain/doubtful || "I doubt you walked to your job"
 * Ow- || Its a question || "Did you walk to your job?"
 * }

Aspect
These aspects are added as prefix onto the tempus/tense word
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | ! colspan="1" | Imperfective ! colspan="1" | Perfective ! Inceptive ! Terminative ! Continuative
 * Axy || Axy olpa
 * Yny || Yny olpa
 * Yny || Yny olpa
 * }

To Be
This verb is sometimes considered to be none existent since it is the very word used to conject a verb. "am" is therefor right out "liy" and "will be" is "Tra" and so on

Negation
To negate a sentence such as "im not killing" one adds the affix -yp to the verb so it becomes "gyl yny anuyp liy"

Adjective
Adjectives don't exist in the normal sense but is verbs, the adjective "red" would be in umbrean "to be red" and is conjugated the same way as verbs, but if there is multiple adjectives describing something one does not say the tempus/conjucation word over and over, it is said after the last adjective verb as an indication you stop the description there.

To form an adjective from verbs one either leaves it without Iqa,Aza,Axy,Yny and add the prefix Ul/Iw to get it, Ul is related to the main meaning while Iw is related to the secondary. While if for example with olpa where you want it to be "Throwable" or "Catchable" you add "-le" to the primary word so it becomes


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Example "olpa" ! colspan="1" | Translation
 * Axyle olpa || to be throwable
 * Iqale olpa || To be catchable
 * }
 * Iqale olpa || To be catchable
 * }

It is most common placed on the active part but may be on others aswell

wi/Ul example
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Example "Axje" ! colspan="1" | Translation
 * Axje || To be Temperate
 * Iwaxje || To be cold
 * Ulaxje || To be hot
 * }
 * Ulaxje || To be hot
 * }
 * }

Comparative
The comparative word is placed in front of the adjective
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Comparative ! colspan="1" | Word ! Base ! Comparative 1 ! Comparative 2 ! Comparative 3 ! Superlative
 * Afna
 * Efgu
 * Info
 * Ijjo
 * }

Cases
Cases are suffixes added to nouns
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Case ! colspan="1" | Suffix ! Ergative ! Intransitive ! Accusative
 * Axy
 * Yny
 * Iqa
 * }

Suffix
Nouns changes depending on if its definite or not, or if its one, countable or more.Countable refers to where you can count it in a split second with your eyes, typicly around 5 or less but might go up far as 9. It is always placed at the end of the verb root. such as Ruxyy anyoQ and never on the voice/perspection word.

Numbers
A thing to keep in mind is this language is base-12 based

in Umbrean there is no difference between first and one so to say one one says simply miz but also first is miz

Noun Derivations
A noun can look like any word verb in umbrean but to describe the thing doing a verb or being exposed one simply add Ur- to the primary word such as Uraxy/Uryny/Uriqa/Uraza while the verb is left alone


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Word ! colspan="1" | Meaning ! Uraxy axje ! Uryny axje ! Uriqa axje ! Uraza axje
 * The thing cooling something else
 * The thing being cooled down
 * The thing heating something else
 * The thing being heated
 * }

Persinal Pronouns
Umbrean have many persinal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Case ! colspan="3" | Accusative ! colspan="3" | Intransitive ! colspan="3" | Ergative ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pc. ! rowspan="1" | pl. ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pc. ! rowspan="1" | pl. ! rowspan="1" | sg. ! rowspan="1" | pc. ! rowspan="1" | pl. !! colspan="2" | 1st ! rowspan="3" | 2nd ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Other ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Verusian ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Wise ! rowspan="5" | 3rd ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Impersinal ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Other ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Verusian ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Wise ! style="font-size: x-small;" | Noble
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

Other Pronouns

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! colspan="1" | Case ! colspan="1" | Query ! colspan="1" | This ! colspan="1" | That ! colspan="1" | Some ! colspan="1" | No ! colspan="1" | Every ! Adjective ! Person ! Thing ! Place ! Time ! Way ! Reason
 * Axi || Olty || Oxle || Inza || Ywqo || Uwwa
 * Ixzu || * || Ixuz || Inzu|| * || *
 * Ynxa || * || * || Inzu || Ynqo || *
 * Ogno || Olny || Ogle || * || * || *
 * Unzo || Unty || * || * || * || *
 * Awzu || Awty || * || * || * || *
 * Adwa || * || * || * || * || *
 * }

English Personal Pronouns

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Case ! colspan="1" | Query ! colspan="1" | This ! colspan="1" | That ! colspan="1" | Some ! colspan="1" | No ! colspan="1" | Every ! Adjective ! Person ! Thing ! Place ! Time ! Way ! Reason
 * which || this || that || some || no || every
 * who || this || that || someone || no one || everyone
 * what || this || that || something || nothing || everything
 * where|| here || there || somewhere || nowhere || everywhere
 * when || now || then || sometime || never || always
 * how || thus || * || somehow|| * || *
 * why || * || * || * || * || *
 * }

Preposition
in Umbrean the preposition is a suffix that is placed on the noun of the phrase in which id modifies, such as "insist home(on) staying" or "insist on staying home" in normal english.


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! colspan="1" | Suffix ! colspan="1" | English prep. ! colspan="1" | Example ! colspan="1" | Translation ! colspan="4" | Locative
 * xyy poux
 * Female
 * -ni
 * for, to, at, toward
 * xyy pouxni
 * to the female
 * -do
 * of (possession)
 * xyy pouxood
 * the female's, of the female
 * to the female
 * -do
 * of (possession)
 * xyy pouxood
 * the female's, of the female
 * the female's, of the female
 * -zi
 * at, from, of
 * xyy pouxizz
 * from the female
 * -wy
 * in
 * xyy pouxuwy
 * in the female
 * -xo
 * from
 * xyy pouxuax
 * from the female
 * -so
 * into
 * xyy pouxyos
 * into the female
 * -wqa
 * at/near
 * xyy pouxQa
 * At the female
 * -fy
 * on
 * xyy pouxyf
 * On the female
 * -pa
 * With, along
 * xyy pouxayp
 * With/Along the female
 * -xly
 * Around (not near)
 * xyy pouxxyl
 * Around the female
 * -lqo
 * above
 * xyy pouxQol
 * Above the female
 * -re
 * under
 * xyy pouxrex
 * under the female
 * -zpa
 * infront of
 * xyy pouxzap
 * Infront of the female
 * -xlo
 * behind
 * xyy pouxoxl
 * behind the female
 * -gu
 * to the right of
 * xyy pouxgur
 * to the right of the female
 * -li
 * to the left of
 * xyy pouxlia
 * to the left of the female
 * -Qy
 * west of
 * xyy pouxQiy
 * west of female
 * -Qu
 * east of
 * xyy pouxQiu
 * east of female
 * -Qo
 * north of
 * xyy pouxQio
 * north of female
 * -Qa
 * south of
 * xyy pouxQia
 * south of female
 * }
 * xyy pouxQiy
 * west of female
 * -Qu
 * east of
 * xyy pouxQiu
 * east of female
 * -Qo
 * north of
 * xyy pouxQio
 * north of female
 * -Qa
 * south of
 * xyy pouxQia
 * south of female
 * }
 * xyy pouxQia
 * south of female
 * }

Standard
The Umbrean language is a Subject-Object-Verb language that arranges its sentences as "adam apple ate" rather than the english SVO "Adam ate apple"

Adverbs
Adverbs are formed simular way as the nouns, by a placing of a "Ja" infront of the adjective and it is adverb, but isnt followed by any tempus word.

Conjuctions
Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y

Noun Clause
Noun subordinate clauses are rather simple to form, one simply uses the noun that is derived from the perspective one is after with the addition of fitting tempus particle after like normally so time spans fits, for example "I know who died" or "I know the person that have died"

and a small translation of various words come here


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! colspan="1" | English ! colspan="1" | Umbrean ! I know the person that have died ! Ybo uryny anu ero axy iwa ata
 * I
 * Ybo
 * The person that have died
 * Uryny anu ero
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * Axy iwa ata
 * }

Thing to keep in mind is that they dont differ between "The man who" or "The thing that", all those are treated as the same

Adjective Clause
An Adjective Clause is initiated with the word "Ixzu", which replaces such words as "which"/"Who"/"That" as relative english pronouns, and ended with a verb and is placed behind the noun is modifies

Adverbial Clause

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Clause Kind ! colspan="1" | Usual Conjuction ! colspan="1" | Function ! colspan="1" | Example ! Time Clause ! Conditional Clause ! Purpose Clause ! Reason Clause ! Result Clause ! Concessive Clause ! Place Clauses ! Clauses of Manner ! Clauses of Exclamations
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

English:
 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | Clause Kind ! colspan="1" | Usual Conjuction ! colspan="1" | Function ! colspan="1" | Example ! Time Clause ! Conditional Clause ! Purpose Clause ! Reason Clause ! Result Clause ! Concessive Clause ! Place Clauses ! Clauses of Manner ! Clauses of Exclamations
 * when, before, after, since, while, as, until
 * These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
 * Her father died when she was young.
 * if, unless
 * These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
 * If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
 * in order to, so that, in order that
 * These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
 * They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
 * because, since, as, given
 * These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
 * I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
 * so that
 * These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
 * My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed''.
 * although, though, while
 * These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
 * I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now
 * where, wherever
 * These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
 * He said he was happy where he was.
 * as, like, the way
 * These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
 * I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
 * what a(an), how, such, so
 * Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
 * What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!
 * }
 * }

Ratio
Ratio such as Three to one would be said as Izi wzi miz where the word wzi is used in ratio context alone

=Dictionary=

Suffixes
=Example text=

One

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="1" | English ! colspan="1" | Umbrean ! I know the person that have died ! Ybo uryny anu ero axy iwa ata
 * I
 * Ybo
 * The person that have died
 * Uryny anu ero
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * know
 * Axy iwa ata
 * Axy iwa ata
 * }

Common phrases

 * = Go/walk/run to tartarus or go to hell
 * Awuz Rygnar weQ? = Directly How is rygnar? but means What time is it? or How much is the clock
 * Sayxjooe xyy yentyeq fnyxokil Umbrean xurxzokil = The Union of Confederate Umbrean Republican States