Ienn

''' [This is my first conlang, which I haven't used for a long time. I try to remake this language now by using manuscriptes and earlier documents. Because of discovering newer things and making its grammar more professional there can be temporary notes on this page, sorry.] '''

History
Ienn is a language of a fictional world.

Ienn is a language of the planet Oart. Imagine our Earth with the same age, same attributes, same continents, same flora and fauna. But a big group of the first human beings did not speak an indo-european language. They spoke the Old Ienn language.

This language family is younger than our indo-european one. Here you can see the languages, which exist now.

Old Ienn was just a bit different from this new one. But today that language does not more exist (the red colour shows it). After the first changes in Old Ienn, another language started being alive: the Europine. In the middle time of Europine a new language variant appeared; this was the Panorka (today it's died). But there are two languages evolved: Panora, which is really similar to Panorka, and Norka, which is less.

Wait for the whole history later. It'll be interesting...

Phonology
a, b, c [t͡s], d, e, f, g [d͡ʒ], h, i, j [d͡z], k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w [v], x [ks], y [i] or [j], z [ʒ]
 * Letters not followed by bracket are pronounced as the corresponding IPA symbols
 * Letter combinations:
 * ii - [i:]
 * oa - [ø]
 * zh [z]
 * q is not used except for in loan word and place names
 * x is always pronounced as [ks]
 * v and w:
 * are pronounced identically, i.e. as [v]
 * the occurence of v or w in writing is not predictable, instead it must simply be learnt
 * both letters are used because in the past there was a distinction between the letters, i.e. [v] and [w]

The two tables below show IPA symbols with the corresponding letter(s) of the alphabet in parentheses beside them.

Definite

 * it's la
 * use it when something is known or concrete
 * don't use before personal names

Nouns

 * there are no genders
 * dual
 * you form the dual with the ending -(e)nne
 * if the last letter of the noun is -e then you have to add the ending -nne
 * if the last letters of the world are double i, then one of them will disappear and the ending -enne will be added
 * if the last letters of word are ...(C)CeC(C) and we have to add the ending of the dual (-enne), then the the order of these letters will change and we have to add the ending -nne: ...(C)CC(C)enne. If it would make the pronounsiaton impossible, then this change won't happen
 * you use dual when you speak about a pair of things
 * plural of dual noun means two or more pairs of things
 * plural with the ending: -(e)sse; maus - mausesse
 * if the last letter of the noun is -e then you have to add the ending -sse; seloave - seloavesse
 * if the last letters of the world are double i, then one of them will disappear and the ending -esse will be added; sii - siesse
 * if the last letters of word are ...(C)(C-S)eC(-SC) and we have to add the ending of the dual (-esse), then the the order of these letters will change and we have to add the ending -sse: ...(C)CC(C)esse; men - mnesse
 * If it would make the pronounsiaton impossible, then this change won't happen
 * you have to use plural when it's about more than one thing

Adjectives

 * Adjectives do not decline

Copula

 * there is one copula, which is really important in Ienn
 * in fact we could say that this is the only verb in this language
 * it has two roles:
 * in the role of to be:
 * its infinitive form is 'oa
 * it changes according to tenses, mood (and person*)
 * in the third persons in realis mood, in present tense we have to omit it (its cold zero copula)
 * if we add it to the subject of the phrase
 * if the subject is a noun or a pronoun then the copula will be added to that (in case of meaning to be)
 * if the subject is not a noun pronoun or a pronouns then we have to add it to the predicate [it's not sure, I have to check it later...]
 * Te'e mathus. - You are nice.
 * Oa mathus. - S/he is nice.
 * in the role of verb conjugator:
 * it does not have infinitive form (because the verb roots are in infinitive basicly) [It's not sure, I'll have to check it]
 * we have to add it to the end of the verbs
 * it shows the tense and the mood of the verb
 * we cannot omit it in any cases
 * Ay fut'e. - I'm running.
 * Day fut'e. - They are running.
 * Here are the forms of the copula:

Verbs

 * the verbs have just infinitive forms
 * there is no verb like to be (see: particle)
 * the conjugation of the verbs are being made by the particle