Galeiga

"Gálega tanga xena ína Galeia en Dózefó ína Ibérea es, auzdu en ñóu dó zounu nóu ína gandais fígon on."

"Neo-Gallaic is the old Celtic language of Gallaecia in Northwestern Iberia, made anew for the new world of the twenty-first century."

Gálega is the revived form of the Celtic language of Northwestern Iberia. The vocabulary of Gálega is solely Celtic with Ibero-Basque loans and a few exceptions for Latin, Gothic and Arabic via the Ibero-Romance languages. Many Celtic words survive to this day in Galician and Portuguese, which have been incorporated into the language. There are also loans from Gaulish, Brythonic (Galicia was colonized by Britons during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain) or directly from primitive Irish/Gaelic words that can be traced back to proto Celtic. It is a conlang, reconstructed as best as possible, that being so I gave myself some creative leeway for the possible path this particular Celtic language could have taken.



-Name-
Gálega: Gála+ega

(Gallaeci) Galla (Calla, C could also be G in Latin apparently) from proto-Celtic "Gala-" (power, strength, force) plus "-ico"/"-eco", an Iberian Celtic suffix used to indicate possession or belonging. So, Gallaeci, Galla-eci (plural), Galla-ecos/eca (singular). Their name could mean something like, "Strong people" or "People of power". -Phonology-  s - /s/, /z/ when preceding "e" and "i", and /ʃ/ or /ʒ/ before a consonant and at the end of a word

ll - /lj/ (pronounced like the Portuguese "lh")

c - /k/

g - /g/

x - /ʃ/

h - /x/

z – /ð/

in - iñ (Ína is pronounced "Íña", Camín is "Camíñ" )

en - eñ (Cen is pronounced "Ceñ", Bena is "Beña" )

-Lenition-
Occurs after the article with feminine nouns and adjectives describing them, after certain prepositions and also after possessive pronouns. Certain letters undergo lention in compound words, these letters are C, G, S, N, L.

s>x

b>m

c>g

g>h

d>z

t>d

d>z

l>ll

m>v

n>ñ

Senmazra - grandmother > Má xenmazra - my grandmother

Cran - Tree > Ína gran - The tree

Ína mena vaza - The good woman (bena, maza)

Compound Lenition

Amalgourma - Amal + Courma (Cider)

-Interrogatives-
  Có? – Where

Cad? – What?

Can? – When?

Cé? – Who?

Cad camín? – How? (What path/way)

Cede – How many?

Cadó? – Why? (what for)

Cad Fáz? – Why? (what reason)

Cad óar es? – What time?

-Pronouns-
I: Mi

You: Tu

He: E

She: Si

It: Ed

Y’all: Sus

We: Sni

They: Sis

My: Mou/Ma

Your: Tou/Ta

Y’all’s: Sou/Sua

Our: Nou/Nua

Their: Síu/Síua

-Articles-

The: Ín – Ína

This: Sú

That: Sin

These: Soi

Those: Sindu

Here: Ansú

There: Ansin

-Prepositions-
Again: Adé

Out/from: éis

Over/above(great): Ór (uor)

Bottom/bum: Bunda

* superlative*: -om

* diminutive*: -il/ila

Between: Endra (entara)

Up: Os (Osom highest)

In: En

Around: Om

At/towards: Áz

To/For: Dó

With: Gon

If: Má

Beyond (But): Édra

Too: Aug (c.i. Auku)

Under: Fú (c.i. upho)

Before: Gina

After (next): Segahta

-Ríman- (Numbers)
1: óen

2: doa

3: trís

4: cedru

5: coing

6: sés

7: séza

8: óuz

9: nava

10: dega

11: óendega

12: dóadega

13: trísdega

14: cedrudega

15: coingdega

16: sésdega

17: sézadega

18: óuzdega

19: navadega

20: fígon

-Examples-
The sentence struture of Gálega is SOV, except in questions or negations, in which case it changes to VSO

There is no word for “yes”. Instead, the verb is repeated back in affirmation. “Ní” is “no/not”.

“A izemuiai áz gourmatéu amárea?” (Will we eat at the pub tomorrow?)

“Izemuiai”/”Ní izemuiai” (We will *eat*/We won't *eat*)

-Questions-    Questions are asked by beginning the question with the interrogative particle “a”. The normal SOV sentence structure changes to VSO.

Cadó a staí(tu) áz gámin? (Why are you walking?)

Cede bledna a stá ádu? (How old are you?) *How many years do you have?*  -Negations-'''

“Ní” precedes verbs to make negations. The normal SOV changes to VSO.

Ní stá ámi courma. (I don’t have beer)

-Possession-

The noun being possessed precedes the possessor, if the possessor is a human or animal, "-s" attached as a suffix. If the possessor is an object or place, "-ega" is used.

Ín gatu mou garands fíndu es - My friend’s cat is white *Male friend* (carand+s)

Ína gamixa ma vazras nóa es – My mother’s shirt is new (mazra+s)

Sú amal ma xesras es – This is my sister’s apple (sesra+s)

Ína zura téuega - The door of the house (téu+ega)

-Phrases-

Hello: Slán ádu! *health to you* (to one person)

Hello: Slán ásus (more than one person)

Hello: Olá

Hey: Oi

Goodbye: Saz ádu/ásus *peace to you*

Bárea vaza – Good morning

Diu maz – Good day

Adag vaza – Good evening

Nóuz vaza – Good night

Meziu maz – Good afternoon

Gálegu/a esumi - I am Gallaic

Éis Haleia esumi - I am from Gallaecia

Gálega Lávrumi – I speak Gallaic

Ní lavru(mi) Gálega - I don't speak Gallaic

Gálega biu stá – Gallaic is alive

Áz lavru stáu(mi) – I am speaking

A staí áz lavraí(tu)? – Are you speaking?

Ma anme...es – My name is...

Drúz esumi, ma gamín Drúzahta es – I am a druid, my path is Druidry

Gara ámi dótu stá) – I love you

Tu garu(mi) - I love you

Verb conjugations: Present, Past, Future, Conditional
-Gara- Love (present)

Garumi - I love

Garaítu – You love

Garaidesus – Y’all love

Garamusni – We love

Garáe – He loves

Garási – She loves

Garansis – They love

(Past)

Rugarumi - I loved

Rugaraítu

Rugaraidesus

Rugaramusni

Rugaráe

Rugarási

Rugaransis

(Future)

Garuiaimi - I will love

Garaíaitu

Garaideiaisus

Garamuiaisni

Garáiaie

Garáiaisi

Garaniaisis

(Conditional)

Rugaruiaimi - I would love

Rugaraíaitu

Rugaraideiaisus

Rugaramuiaisni

Rugaráiaie

Rugaráiaisi

Rugaransís

All personal pronoun suffixes are optional, or are used for emphatic effect. Instead of saying, "Courma garumi", you can simply say, "Courma garu".

Verb to be "Beu" (impermanent) - "Senu stáu" (I'm old)

Stáu - I am

Staí – You are

Stáide – Y’all are

Stámu – We are

Stáe – He is

Stási – She is

Stán – They are

Verb to be (permament) - "Feru esu" (I'm a man)

Esu - I am

Esí - You are

Eside - Y'all are

Esmu - We are

Ese - He is

Essi - She is

Esan - They are

Bia ega Íva (Food and Drink)
To Drink (alcohol): Zéu (p.c. Degu-)

To Drink: Íve

To Eat: Eze (ede)

To Make: Auz (p.c. auot-)

To Cook – Coge

Apple: Amal

Water: Zuvra (p.c. dubro-)

Cider: Amalgourma (p.c. abalocormi, "apple beer")

Mead: Méaz (Medu-)

Beer: Courma

Ale: Alu

Lager (light beer): Gerfexa (Gl. via Lt. "Cervesia")

Wine: Vínu

Liquor: Tinzuvra (Firewater)

Honey: Meli

Berry: Cara

Grape: Vínugara (Wineberry)

Meat: Cíga

Seed: Silu (c.i. *silon "seed"

Bread: Aran

Soup: Gosala/Sopa

Herb: Lú (p.c. *lubjo-)

Pepper: Pivra/Tinlú (Fire herb)

Salt: Sala

Spice: Spexaría (pt. Especiaria)

-Basic Verbs-
…éismi stá – I want… ("...is away from me")

…admi stá – I have… ( "...is at me") *used for general possession

…gomi stá – I have… (“…is with me) *used for close or personal possession

  Run - Raz

Speak - Lavra

Sing - Can

Hear - Clusa

See - Derga

* Ru- -- preverbial particle (past)

Sang - Rucan

I spoke - Rulavrumi

I will speak - Lavruiaimi

Go – (ei-)

Believe: Crede

Think: Mente

Know: Fize

Remember: Gove

Forget: Angove

Make/Do: Auz (auot-)

Touch: Táze

Connect: Cotáze (Cotáz "connection")

Smoke: Smug

Dream: Asuñe

Sleep: Suñe

Come: Téd (teget-)

Turn on (lights): Auz íd candu ("Make it bright")

Turn off (lights): Auz íd demen ("Make it dark")

Turn on (sound): Auz íd arzu ("Make it loud/high)"

Turn off (sound): Auz íd saz ("Make it quiet/peaceful")

Give: Da

Follow: Sege

Be born: Éne (*Éndu beu)

-Milun- (Animals)
Dog: Cú - Cún

Warhound: Árgu - Árgun

Wolf: Blez - Blezda

Cat: Gatu – Gatí

Horse: Ega - Egan

Falcon: Alcu - Alcun

Pig: Org – Orí

Tree: Cran – Craña

Leaf: Dula - Dulan

Boar: Durgu - Durgun

Fish: Esga - Esgan

Rabbit: Coillu - Coillun

Frog – Sapu

Snake – Nadra

Bird - Eznu

Horn – Carn

Horn – Ázar (bsq. Adar, ir. Adharc)

-Tírru ega Mor (Land and Sea)
Earth – Díara

Sun: Saul

Moon: Lugra

Hill: Bría (briga) – Brií

Mountain: Carná

Snow: Sníahta

Snow: Neve

Ice: Xái (p.c. iagi)

River: Amona (Abona)

Sea: Mor

Ocean: Maramor (big sea)

Bay: Morcambu (sea bend) and Baí (bsq.)

Island: Enis

-Objects, Environment, Places, etc.-
Book: Livru - Liburu

Church: Igrexa - Igrexan

Wheel: Roda - Rodan

Skirt: Sáia (sagia) - Sáian

Shirt: Camixa - Camixan (gl. via lt. Camisia)

Bed: Cama– Camaí

House: Téu – Teí

Home: Trema (c.i. Treba)

Door: Dura

Gate: Maradura (big door)

City: Gorta (c.i. korta)

Lake: Logu – Loí

Land/Ground: Tírru – Tírrau

Field: Landa

Bay: Bái *Ibr.Bsq.

Landslide/Avalanche: Lurte *bsq.

Wood: Fidu

Forest: Caida

Flower: Blaz

Person: Dun

People/Tribe: Dóza

Shadow: Scazu

Battle: Cázu

War: Cogázu

Warrior: Cázuferu

Warhound: Árgu

Hunt: Selga

Victory: Séu (sego)

Giant: Cour

Europe: Europa

Kingdom: Ríahta

-Dóza ega ín Biodan- (People and the Body)
Family (close): Clanda - Clandan

Family: Téulóu - Téuloí

Ancestor: Ginazre - Ginazrí

Man: Feru - Men: Fíru

Woman: Bena - Women: Mna

Husband: Fair - Faír

Wife: Baina – Mnaidan

Father: Azre

Mother: Mazra

Daughter: Doazra (c.i. Tuater)

Son: Magi (o.r. Maqqi) – Maí

Child: Gente (c.i. Centis) - Gentí

Brother: Brazre

Sister: Sesra

Granddaughter: Néta

Grandson: Nétu

Grandfather: Senazre

Grandmother: Senmazra

Boy: Menínu

Girl: Menína

Friend: Garandu/a – Garandun/an

Lord: Tíerna

King: Rí

Queen: Riana

Folk/group of people: Feren

Celt: Celda

Celtic: Celdegu/a

Linguist: Tangafer/Tangaben

Citizen: Cohorta (ex. mitbürger)

Hunter/Huntress: Selgafer (male) Selgaben (female)

Head: Cen – Cena

Ear: Clusta - Doaglusta

Hand: Lama – Doallama

Arm: Braga – Doabraga

Leg: Gar – Doahar (p.c. garri)

Foot: Tróuz (p.c. Troget) – Doatróuz

Eye: Ogu - Doaogu

Hair: Faltu

Nose: Sróna

Face: Áiza (agita)

Mouth: Gam (c.i. cab *gob*)

Mouth: Boca

Blood: Crou

Beard: Granda

Moustache: Grandil

Brain: Engen ("in brain", ir. inchinn)

Heart: Crízu

-Menda, Anma, Fizahta- (Mind, Spirit, Knowledge)
God: Deu – Devan

Soul: Anma

Universe: Uldounu (Runa vaha)

World: Dounu

Life: Bíoda

Magic: Brída (gaul. brixt)

Word: Óudlu

Dream: Asuñu

Witch: Sorgin *bsq.

Druid: Drúz – Drúzan

Druidess: Drúzis - Drúzisan

Druidry: Drúzahta

Brotherhood: Brazreahta

Ancestor: Ginazre

Oak: Dara – Daran

Oak: Cerca ( tribe name Querquerni from *kʷerkʷ- < PIE *perkʷ- 'oak, tree')

North: Tóze

East: Úre

West: Fó

South: Déise

Solstice: Saulstan

Equinox: Somnóuz

Spring: Éraga

Summer: Sam

Fall: Úrcensam (uφer-kʷenno)

Winter: Gaiam

Language/tongue: Tanga

Language: Xáz (Brt. Iaxti)

Sacred: Nemedu/a (nouvu)

Sacred grove/Temple: Nemedon

Summer: Sam

Samhain: Samande

Fairy: Sáda (saz: peace/quiet)

Power: Gala

Strength: Nerte

Strong: Nertegu/a

* Underworld/Otherworld: Andounu (Antumnos)

Garaz: Love

Health: Slán

Star: Saruña – Saruñaí

Galaxy: Saruñallóu (star group) - Saruñalloí and Galácsia

Forest: Caida - Caidan

Fire: Tin - Tina

Belief/Religion: Credíma

Mind: Menda

Smoke: Mug

To Smoke: Smug/Zéu

Insense: Muglú

Cannabis/Hemp: Coúrg (p.c. kom-wark) and Asuñublaz (dream flower)

-Adjectives-
Good/well: Máz(a)

Good: Dahu(a)

Bad: Drogu/a

New: Nóu(a)

Old: Senu/a

Young: Óang (p.c. iovanca)

Left: Esger/a *Ibr.Bsq.

Right: Déis

Big: Mahu/a (c.i. magu)

Small: Bígu/a (p.c. bikko)

Gigantic: Couregu/a

Healthy: Slánu/a

Round: Crundu/a

Dead: Maru(a)

Happy: Laun

Wise: Sufíz (p.c. suvidu)

Dark: Demen

Bright: Candu/a

Light: Glustu/a

Deep: Duvnu/a (p.c. dubno-)

Black: Dumu (p.c. dubu-)

White: Fíndu/a

Red: Rozu/a

Blue: Glasdula (leaf blue)

Green: Glastu/a

Brown: Don

Yellow: Melin

Gold: Our

Silver: Arganu/a

Many (a lot): Áz llan (at full)

Other: Ala

All: Olu/a

Every: Gacu/a

Oaken: Dru(a)

Strong: Nerte

Maramenda: Wise (big mind)

Born: Éndu

Sweet: Melis

Beautiful: tega

Pretty: fimbe

Fierce: Gamargu(a) *warhound-mouth*

First: Gintu(a) - (from PCl *kintu- 'first')



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