Jzocra

Classification and Dialects
Jzocrra ['ʒɔ.cʁa ~ 'ʒɔ.cʁa:] has two known dialects: the rural dialect and the urban dialect. Differents betwen dialectrs are noted where applicable.

Consonants
Allophones are shown in paranthesis

Vowels
Diphthongs: /aʊ aɪ eɪ ɔɪ ui jV1 wV2/ where V is any vowel

1 except /i ɪ/

2 except /u/

Allophony
1. /t d n/ become [t̪ d̪ n̪] when between two vowels

2. /h/ becomes [x] at the end of a word or between two vowels

3. /ɾ/ becomes [ʁ] at the end of a word

4. /ɲ/ becomes [n] when followed by /jV/

5. /l/ becomes [ɬ] when preceded by a vowel

6. /θ/ becomes [ð] when at the beginning of a word

7. /aʊ/ becomes [a] when preceded by /x h ts dz/

8. (urban dialect) /V/ becomes [Vː] at the end of a word

9. (rural dialect) Vowels are nasalized at the beginning of words

Sound changes between words.
TODO: Fix formatting

Certain sounds at the end of one wrod and the beginning of the next word merge into one sound. This occurs in the follow cases

1. /s-s, z-z/

In this case, the two s or z sounds merge to form /ʃ/ and /ʒ /respectively. An example is shown below.

Ex.

ayas siloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaʃ.ilo.a]

ayaz ziloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaʒ.ilo.a]

2. /t-ʃ, d-ʒ/

In this case, /t/ and /ʃ/ and /d/ and /ʒ/ merge to form /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ respectively. An example is shown below.

Ex.

ayat shiloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎat͡ʃ.ilo.a]

ayad zhiloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎad͡ʒ.ilo.a]

3, [a-i, a-u]

In this case, /a/ and /i/ and /a/ and /u/ merge to form /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ respectively. An example is shown below.

Ex.

aya iloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaɪ.lo.a]

aya uloa is pronounced as [a.'ʎaʊ.lo.a]

Stress
Stress in Jocrra is almost completely regular and follows these rules. For mono or disyllable words, stress is placed on the first syllable. For words of 3 syllables or longer, stress is placed in the antepenultimate syllable.

Syllables
Syllables in Jocrra consist of (C)(C)V(C)(C). The nucleus can be any vowel/diphthong. The coda may be anything except /x/ (except at the end of a word), a palatal, or an approximant/lateral approximant.

Writing System
1 written as Ch word initially

2 written as Dz word initially

3 written as J word initially

4 written as Sh word initially

5 written as Ts word initially

6 written as Jz word initially

7 imagine a gentle, but sinister breeze blowing (like in the Final Destination series). That's what this sound is approximating.

Dipthongs:

Nouns
Nouns in Jzoccra decline for case and number. They are split into 4 declensions based on animacy and gender. Declension I nouns are animate living nouns and may be either male or female (with a few exceptions). Declension II nouns are animate non-living nouns and may be male, female, or netuer. Declension III and IV nouns are inanimate nouns are always neuter; they differ by the presence of ablaut.

Gender in Declension I is indicated by the noun ending (except for a few exceptions); there are guidelines for gender in Declension II but gender must be memorized for many nouns. For this reason, the dictionary form of every noun is the singular nominative + the indefinite article.

Though the amount of cases is the same for each dialect, which cases are present differs between dialects. However, all cases are present in standard Jocrra (the type used in legal documents and formal writing). The rural dialect uses an adposition to represent the locative case and the urban dialect uses an adposition to represent the genitive case. The vocative case has limited use and is only a separate declension in declension I (living animate) nouns. in all other cases, the vocative is represented by an adposition + the accusative case.

Nouns decline for 4 numbers: singular, dual, plural (countable), and plural (uncountable). Singular, dual, and plural (countable) froms are distinct in all cases; however, plural (countable) and plural (uncountable) forms are similar in some cases. The plural (uncountable) form can be distinguished in that it always requires the subjunctive (when used in the nominative, accusative, or dative forms).

Declension I
Masculine nouns end in -ø, feminine nouns end in -è. Declensions are indicated through suffixes that are the same for each gender.

Example noun: choilø, choilè - man (m.), woman (f.) In general, the ending are represented by the following table: The struck out endings are cases not really used (replaced by an adposition + allative case, often translates as among the __).

If the vocative case for PU nouns must be used, it is indicated using prepositions.

Irregular noun: veilasto, -ø, –è: life (force) (n.), personification of life (m./f.)

Note that this table only lists suffixes that are added onto the stem (the dictionary form of the noun). Thus veilasto, -ø, -è pulls its declension pattern from both declension I and declension II.

Irregular noun: jzacrrax, -ø, -è: death (n.), personification of death (m./f.)

Declension II
Gender of each noun must be memorized, but there are some guidlines. In general, nouns ending in -i, u, ü, eis, and -um are masculine; nouns ending in -a, à, cc, s (except -eis), and o are feminine; and nouns ending in -ve, -vo, -cca, -x, -ann, -ùnn, and -sto are neuter. Declensions are indicated through suffixes; there are 3 sub declensions. Declension IIa nouns end in a vowel, declension IIb nouns end in a consonant except -x and declension IIc nouns end in -x.

Example nouns: shavi, crèvà, neilax - water (m.), tree (f.), star (n.)

Delcension IIa

Example: shavi - water (m.) Declension IIb

Example: crèvà - tree (f.) Declension IIc

Example: neilax- star (n.)

Irregular noun: auløsto - love (n.)