User:Elector Dark/Sandbox/6

Phonology
Nasalisation on vowels is indicated with a tilde if short and circumflex if long, for example  and < sǫ̂pa >, or in the runic script with a low vertical line regardless of length, for example <> and <>.

Umlaut
The language features two forms of productive umlaut: i-umlaut which fronts non-front vowels and u-umlaut which backs or lowers non-back vowels. Where i-umlaut is triggered by the presence of /i/ in the following syllable, u-umlaut is triggered by the presence of /u/. The table below demonstrates the effects of both umlaut types:

When /a/ is followed by the triggering vowels but is outside the first syllable, it does not undergo classic umlaut and instead acquires the quality of said triggering vowels. The vowels /u i/, on the other hand, do not change their quality outside the first syllable.

The umlaut is applied mostly regularly: it is more-or-less consistent when there is only one intervening consonant, but is sometimes blocked by a cluster or long consonant. Long vowels can also avoid umlaut.

Morphology
Nouns can be strong, weak or mixed. Verbs can be strong, weak, reduplicating strong or weak, present-preterite, preterite-present, deponent or defective. Adjectives can be dependent or independent as well as strong or weak. Adverbs can be strong or weak. Articles can be strong or weak.

Nouns and Articles
Nouns and adjectives decline for three numbers (singular, dual and plural), five cases (nominative, vocative, dative, genitive and accusative) and have a distinction of definiteness. They can be strong, weak or mixed.

Verbs
Verbs are inflected for two tenses and three voices: the present and past tenses, and the active, mediopassive and passive voices.