Gröghen

Sentence Structure
The word order usually conforms to these rules:

VII-NAR-Pre

Ergative-Verb-Adjective-Absolutive-Genitive

The topic of the sentence is usually moved to the front of the sentence for easy reading. Verb always comes second and afterwards, the normal sentence structure follows. Intransitive verbs, because nouns use Ergative and Absolutive cases, miss the subject of a sentence and retain only the object. When asking a question, affixes and interrogative pronouns are used instead of changing word order.

Nouns
Nouns decline according to gender, case and definitiveness.

Nouns follow the simple two gender system of Male and Female. There are no official rules to how to predict a words gender and must be learned along with the noun. However, there is some debate as to whether most '-e' words are usually female. Male and Female in Gröghen are 'ögrekhan' and 'ÿthekhan' respectively.

Noun Cases
The cases of nouns follow a similar form to latin. When putting endings on vowel ending nouns, the vowels are replaced with the endings.

Noun Definitiveness
Nouns have the following prefixes to mark their definitiveness. It should be noted, without a prefix, the noun is indefinite.

Plurals
To form the plural in Gröghen, you use the word 'ghohra', to refer to 'an amount of...' This use is the only viable allowance of a descriptive word to be in front of the noun.

Personal Pronouns
There are only six main pronouns in use in Gröghen.

Interrogative and Demonstrative Pronouns
Here is a table holding the other pronouns used in Gröghen.

Verbs
Verbs conjugate depending on several factors. This section will be divided into the verb moods. Stative and Dynamic can equally be called Intransitive and Transitive respectively.

Verbs are found in three forms of ending: '-ar', '-yr' and '-n'.

Indictive Mood
The Indictive mood is used for verbs that are concrete in meaning; that happen.

Future Tense
The future tense is made by use of two particles.

agrh - will

ñigrh - won't

Either particle can be used before the verb in question, when the verb is in the indictive form needed.

eg. agrh sïtze = will sit down

ñigrh graodadr = won't have believed

This does not work for the subjunctive mood. The rules change.

Subjunctive Mood
The Subjunctive mood refers to the wish or doubting of an event. When referring to 'want' or 'were', the subjunctive is used.

Future Tense
The subjunctive future tense can be formed in two forms, for static and dynamic verbs.

When the subjunctive verb is static, you put the appropriate subjunctive form of 'grhoar - to know' in front of the verb's infinitive.

When the subjunctive verb is dynamic, you put the appropriate subjunctive form of 'ighyr - to go' in front of the verb's infinitive.

'grhoar' is an irregular verb, but 'ighyr' is regular.

Conditional, Necessitive and Queries
The conditional tense is made by use of verb endings on the verb finitive. The conditional tense means where something would happen or would be done (if not for...)

The necessitive tense is made by use of particles, like the future tense of the Indictive, but by using a verb's infinitive instead. The necessitive refers to when something must happen or must be done.

Static Particle - nas

Dynamic Particle - nos

eg. ykh nas sïtzen - I must sit down

dhao nos graodar - You must believe

Finally, queries refer to yes-no questions, created by use of the query endings for verbs. If you wanted to ask something for which the answer is yes or no, then the query ending is used.

Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense was not featured earlier due to the need for participles, and irregular verbs. Here they will be featured for both moods and all three tenses. Whilst the perfect tense is split into Static and Dynamic, the Imperfect tense is not. So you have no need to worry of that.

In all imperfect tenses, the imperfect participle is formed from the original verb.

Past Imperfect
To use the past imperfect, the verb 'dir' is used in front of the imperfect participle. 'Dir' is an irregular verb, so conjugates differently to normal. There is no static form of 'dir'. To use the past imperfect, the present form of 'dir' has to be used. Then the verb infinitive follows. Subjunctive and Indictive forms can interchange to show mood.

Present Imperfect
For the present imperfect, the irregular verb 'könnar' is used in front of the imperfect participle. Same as 'dir', 'konnar' has no static form. Same rules apply as the past imperfect.

Future Imperfect
Again, the use of a verb is used. This time, it's 'khoan'. For use with the imperfect participle, the present dynamic form has to be used.

Doers...
Those who do a verb (as in runners, jumpers, believers, etc...) can be recreated in Gröghen by use of the static present indictive of a verb as an adjective to 'gren'.

eg. Gren Drhoñi = Jumper