Proto-Grelerian

Introduction
Proto-Grelerian (Gualikia), Old Grelerian (Kuelsa Guelevan) or Ancient Grelerian (Kuengai Guelevan) is influenced by the Proto-Indo-European Morphology and by some features of Bahasa Indonesia. It has also some similiarites with Basque (involuntary).

Proto-Grelerian is the mother of the Grelerian languages, it is spoken and written at Greleris, a fantasy world (with great worldbuilding). But in the real life, the goals are to be written for litterature and music.

Consonants
There are 19 consonants without counting affricates, so 21 with affricates. As  and  count as two phonemes, they aren't considered as affricates themselves.

Vowels
There are 5 vowels without count long vowels, so 8 vowels with long vowels.

Diphthongs
Proto-Grelerian has 6+ distinct vowel diphthongs

Diphthong type 2:

Nouns
Proto-Grelerian nouns are declined for nine cases:


 * nominative: marks the subject of a verb, such as They in They ate. Words that follow a linking verb and rename the subject of that verb also use the nominative case. Thus, both They and linguists are in the nominative case in They are linguists. The nominative is the dictionary form of the noun.
 * accusative: used for the direct object of a transitive verb.
 * genitive: marks a noun as modifying another noun.
 * dative: used to indicate the indirect object of a transitive verb, such as Jacob in Maria gave Jacob a drink.
 * instrumental: marks the instrument or means by, or with, which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. It may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.
 * ablative: used to express motion away from something.
 * locative: corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions in, on, at, and by.
 * vocative: used for a word that identifies an addressee. A vocative expression is one of direct address where the identity of the party spoken to is set forth expressly within a sentence. For example, in the sentence, "I don't know, John", John is a vocative expression that indicates the party being addressed.
 * allative: used as a type of locative case that expresses movement towards something.

All nominals don’t have numbers but distinguish between definiteness, indefiniteness and genericness. However there are numerals. Here are determiners with head-marking below and again below for case marking only for nouns.. -

Accusative marking on noun tends to disappear.

Verbs
The dictionnary form of a verb is its infinite form and they all ends by -am until conjugations occur. the -am ending of a verb, infinite form, would also be used for its noun version.

Here are participles:

Mood particles & Negation
Mood particles are before the verb as a particle. There wouldn't be subjunctive, it would be the relative/subjunctives clause(s) particle(s) instead.

Modality Verbs
Modality verbs are auxiliaries they take the conjugation but not the main verb. The order is = Subject - Modality Verb Conjugated - Main Verb Stem - Object.

Pronouns
Proto-Grelerian have personal pronouns for first and second, but not for third person, where demonstrative determiners are used instead.

Distal demonstrative determiner can work as she/he/it and proximal as impersonal pronoun (this/it). The suffix -(n)e on the personnal pronoun is used for reflexive or to emphasis itself (the personal pronoun: subject), so, used as polite form.

Determiners
There is no articles, because nouns does inflect with definiteness and cases, etc. See Nouns.

Demonstrative determiners are: They come after the noun like Bahasa Indonesia.

To make a possessive determiner / possessive pronoun, we add the suffix -(u)so on the nominative personal pronoun / demonstrative pronoun. The possessive determiner / possessive pronoun is also put after the noun.

Adjectives
Adjective are put before the noun.

Relative clause
To build a relative clause, we use the pronoun "kue" that is put at the start of the relative clause. The relative clause is after the main clause, so it will make: Main clause "kue" Relative clause.

Conjunctive clauses
A clause is said to be conjunctive when it begins with a subordinating conjunction (In French : que, dès que, pendant que, quand, parce que, puisque, bien que, quoique,  si, même si, etc)


 * SUBJECT - A conjunctive clause can be the subject of a verb. It then functions as a nominative name. The particle is "kay"
 * COMPLETIVE - Conjunctive clauses are found as a complement to modality verbs; They are found after a modality verb. The particle is "kue" (Complete the verb as a COD) / "kuen" (to complete the verb as a COI)
 * CIRCUMSTANCIAL
 * Time (when, until, while, before, since) = The respective particles are = hono, sempa, keti, sebe, seja
 * Goal (Same as supine) (for, to + ing, etc) = The particle is = unta
 * Supine / Coordinate Circumstancial clause, e.g I'm here to eat apples; to is the particle we're talking about, and the verb eat is in infinite form like english and the particle is before the verb in infinite form.
 * Consequence = The particle is = kala
 * Concession (even if, though) = The particle is = jiki
 * Cause (because) = The particle is = lanas
 * Comparison (as, like) = The particle is = peli
 * Assumption = The particle is = sumi

Suffixes & Conversions
Verb to noun (e.g. speak -> speech/discussion) (change only the ending -am): -aya / -ay / -ey

Verb to adj (to make smth [adj]) (change only the ending -am): -umi

Noun to adj (e.g. hair -> hairy): -(n)eo / -(k)is

Adj to adv. (e.g. slow -> slowly): -(a)ja / -(a)ham

Lexicon
The link to the full up-to-date lexicon: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-Zq-tYu2JrLBji2EDzlDqIoa2P7Y0OOwB_dDb6aOZzo/edit?usp=sharing

Basic sentences
Joanna likes apples: Jania kem dapleti

-- Joanna.NOM like.PRES apple.ACC --

You can't eat apples: Jom śin cem kabam dapleti

-- 2SG.NOM not.IND can.INF eat.PRES apple.ACC --

Complexe sentences
Don't eat my apples, otherwise I (will) be sad: Jom yośo kabem kiuso dapleti, kala kiu bem tuista.

-- 2SG.NOM not.IMP 1SG-POSS apple-ACC CONS 1SG.NOM eat.PRES sad.NOM --