Samsprak (work in progress)

Introduction
Welcome to my Conlang wikia! I haven't come up with a real name for it yet, so Samsprak will be the placeholder name. Samsprak means language.

Conlang Goal
This language is going to be entirely personal. I might use it for some future project which involves world building, just to broaden my linguistic and geographic creativity a little bit. It will primarily be about how the language would be used in speech, although I might come up with a writing system later. For now, its natural orthography will be the Latin script. Since I really like applying as much grammar as I can, the language could turn out to be a bit too complex. Perhaps I’ll recreate it later as a simpler version. Note: I should keep changing it until it’s perfect. I shouldn’t be stuck with a language I don’t like.

Grammar Stuff
- Adjectives

color -jí, person -kí, quality -rí, size -ví, state -ní

Adjectives in their nominative form always end in -í. Luckily, there are patterns which help you identify what kind of adjective it is.

- Augmentative infix: -ulk

mæni (man) > mænulki (big man)

- Cases

The case markers will replace the vowels in the end of a word.

Long vowels cannot be replaced. However, with adjectives, the í moves to the back of the word.

If the word has a definite article, the ending vowels will stay and the case marker will come behind the -n.

- Definite article: -n suffix

- Diminutive infix: -iat

mæni (man) > mæniati (boy)

- Genders (4):

masculine animate -i, feminine animate -a, ambiguous animate -o, neuter -e

Genders mostly matter in verbs and pronouns, but not so much in nouns. In fact, in verbs it’s required to state a gender, although -o is frequently used in ambiguity.

Nouns almost always end in vowels, but the vowel often isn’t a correct representation of the gender. However, animate gendered nouns do always end in their respective vowel.

- Parts of speech modifiers

Note that these serve as common guidelines and not as strict rules.

Adjectives can be formed from nouns by removing the last vowels, and the last consonant in case the noun ends in -t or -d. Then dí can be added to complete the modification. Adjectives can also be formed from verbs by removing the infinitive -r and the preceding vowel.

Adverbs can be formed from adjectives by pasting an -e after the -í.

Nouns can be formed from verbs by removing the -r. This doesn't always make sense, but generally, it works.

Verbs can be formed from nouns by adding the -r with a preceding vowel. This vowel is often the same as the vowel used before the infinitive marker. Just like making nouns out of verbs, this doesn't always make sense either.

- Plural marker: -j suffix

- Pronouns

Pronouns are also affected by cases, exactly in the same way as nouns are. The only irregular thing is the 3rd person singular, which ends in a long vowel that cannot be replaced or removed.

- Tenses (6):

past simple, present simple, present perfect, present continuous, future simple, future perfect 

- Verbal nouns

You can take the infinitive of a verb, add an n, and then repeat the last vowel to form nounified verb.

vesar > vesarna, nomor > nomorno, hölder > hölderne, etc

- Vowel 'harmony?':

There are two groups of vowels you aren't likely to see together. Although this only applies to the root of a word. Two words, each containing another group of vowels, can be stuck together to make a new word, thus making the seeming harmony obsolete.

There is one exception here, the vowel "i". This one commonly appears in group 1, but can also often appear in group 2.

Group 1: a o u 

Group 2: æ ö y e

Pronouns
Pronouns are also affected by cases, exactly in the same way as nouns are. The only irregular thing is the 3rd person singular, which ends in a long vowel that cannot be replaced or removed.

Just like verbs, pronouns heavily depend on gender.

Noun Cases
The case markers will be placed in the end of the word. It will in most cases replace the vowels in the end of a word.

Long vowels can in no case be replaced and will always stay where they are.

If the word has a definite article, the ending vowels will stay and the case marker will come behind the -n.

When the word is originally in plural, an extra vowel + j will be added to the case marker.

Nominative -

Mænin je kviran (The man and the woman)

Accusative -ut / -utuj

Mænin misti kvirut (The man has a woman)

Kviran mista mænut (The woman has a man)

Dative -e  þ  / -e  þ ej

Mænin kaji surdjutují blumutuj kviraneþ (The man gives red flowers to the woman)

Genitive

-possessive, alienable ('s) -s / -sej

-possessive, inalienable ('s) -son / -sonej

-relative & partitive (of) -ov / -ovoj

Kvirans talo (The woman’s house)

Kviranson hölde (The woman's arm) Kviranson herkiato (The woman's child)

Kapi vrisov (Glass of water)

Locative

-inessive (in) -as / -asaj

-superessive (on) -am / -amaj

-adessive (at/by) -av / -avaj

-intrative (between) -al / -alaj

-suressive (above) -an / -anaj

-subessive (under) -ap / -apaj

-elative (from inside) -est / -estej

-illative (into) -en / -enej

-ablative (from) -elt / -eltej

-allative (towards) -el / -elej

Instrumental

-instructive & comitative (with) -um / -umuj

-privitative (without) -uh / -uhuj

Mænin öjí híum öjumuj (The man sees with his eyes)

Mænin hailí híuh kviruh (The man walks without his woman)

Verbs
Verb conjugation

Notes:

- In speech, the long 3rd person sg. vowel tends to be dropped when gender specification is unnecessary.

- The 3rd person sg. vowel is always long.

- All the o’s you see in the table represent gender and can be changed accordingly.

masculine animate -i, feminine animate -a, ambiguous animate -o, neuter -e

- Imperative has more options than in most languages, similar to Turkish. For example, the 3rd person imperative can be used by instructing anyone to deliver the message to the 3rd person.

- Impersonal verbs can easily be formed by using the 3rd person sg. Remember to use the intransitive infix if there’s no object.

Vesar (To Be)

Indicative

Kajar (To Give)

Imperative

Additions

(vesomin, vesosin, etc.: -in/-ni suffix denotes past tense)

(vesuom, vesuos, etc.: -u infix denotes future tense)

(vesoho, vesoto, vesojo: extra end vowel indicates clusivity / long vowel in the imperative mood)

(vesojar - vesojom, vesojos, etc.: -oj infix indicates intransitivity)

(vesesar - vesesom, vesesos, etc.: -es infix indicates reflexiveness)

(vesarvo? - vesomvo?, vesosvo?, etc.: -v+(vowel) suffix indicates a question)

(vesarar - vesarom, vesaros, etc.: verb infinitive + personal form indicates frequentative behavior)

Verb Prefixes (all optional, only used in appropriate circumstances)

The prefixes are listed in groups of priority.

juvesar (-ju indicates positivity / exclaims the action)

navesar (-na negates the verb completely)

pravesar (-pra is a tensile prefix, it denotes that an action has been or will be completed)

nöjvesar (-nöj is a tensile prefix, it denotes that an action is still going on)

jylvesar (-jyl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of if)

kylvesar (-kyl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of could)

sylvesar (-syl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of should)

vylvesar (-vyl is a conditional prefix, equivalent of would)

revesar (-re indicates intent, usually used in past tenses)

jevesar (-je negates intent, usually used in past tenses) (Still considering if I should add prefixes related to evidence)

Verb Tenses
Tenses in grammar indicate whether an action takes place in the past, present, or future. They also tell whether an action is still ongoing or has been / will be completed. Aspects can also take care of this.

This language covers the tenses and aspects in a similar way as English does.

Past Simple

The man ate the fruit - Mænin nomíni voranut

Present Perfect

The man finished eating the fruit - Mænin pranomíni voranut

Present Simple

The man eats fruit - Mænin nomí vorut

Present Continuous

The man is eating the fruit - Mænin nöjnomí voranut

Future Simple

The man will eat the fruit - Mænin nomuí voranut

Future Perfect

The man will finish eating the fruit - Mænin pranomuí voranut

Adjectives
big - ulkaví

floating - ðrivdí

good - kyrí

low - laví

red - surdjí

small - iataví

yellow - jurjí

Adverbs
a lot/many/much - mej

full (of) - plöf

how - jurda

maybe - meske

what - kad

Countries, Languages, People
Czech Republic (country) - Tsjekotöre

Czech (language) - tsjekoti

Czech (person) - tsjeksko

Finland (country) - Suometöre

Finnish (language) - suometi

Finnish (person) - suomesko

Denmark (country) - Tantöre

Danish (language) - Tanti

Danish (person) - Tansko

The Netherlands (country) - Lavitöre

Dutch (language) - lavitörti

Dutch (person) - lavitörsko

England (country) - Anklotöre

English (language) - ankloti

English (person) - anklosko

Iceland (country) - Ösletöre

Icelandic (language) - ösleti

Icelandic (person) - öslesko

France (country) - Normatöre

French (language) - normati

French (person) - normasko

Norway (country) - Norþetöre

Norwegian (language) - norþeti

Norwegian (person) - norþesko

Russia (country) - Rosetöre

Russian (language) - roseti

Russian (people) - rosesko

Sweden (country) - Sviþjötöre

Swedish (language) - sviþjöti

Swedish (person) - sviþjösko

Nouns
activity - korda

agreement - skivo arm - höldehara

baby - bibo

bed - spönke

bird - börbe

body - tulo

body of water - vriskla

boy - mæniati

branch - hara

child - herkiato

disagreement - naskivo drinking container - kapi

day - ðak

drink - varsi

eye - öje

finger - hölderuþa

flower - bluma

food - nomo

gift - kaja girl - kviriata

hand - hölde

house - talo

human - herko

island - ösle

land - töre

language - samsprak

leader - voza

leg - hailahara

life - ves

limb - tulohara

man - mæni

message - nota

moon - unsta

night - nuto

school - maska

sea - vrisklulka

search - kulka snake - esse

sun - ansa

time - krono

toe - hailaruþa

vehicle - tæyk

water - vrisa

woman - kvira

word - spraka

Numbers
(placeholders)

one - en two - tve three - tri four - fjor five - fim six - ses seven - sjo eight - ata nine - nio ten - tio

Prepositions
to (dative) - eþet

in - asat

on - amat

at/by - avat

between - alat

above - anat

under - apat

from (inside) - estet

into - enet

from - eltet

towards - elet

with - umut

without - uhut

Verbs
be - vesar

do - kordar

drink - varsir

eat - nomor

float - ðrivar

give - kajar

go - kanar have - mistar house - talor lead - vozar

make / build - hölder

message - notar

rain - vrisar

say - sprakar

search - kuklar

see - öjer

sleep - spönker

talk - samsprakar

understand - skivor

walk - hailar

Other
and - je

no - njær

yes - jup

Sentences
My hovercraft is full of eels - Moms ðrivtæyk mistó plöfutuj vrisklulkajessutuj

(Too long maybe?)

How do you say "hello" in Samsprak? - Jurda sprakó "hello" samsprakas?

Do you understand me? - Skivosvo momeþ?

I don't speak English very well. - Nasamsprakom kyrutíe Anklotut.

I used to live in the Netherlands - Pratalomin Lavitöras

I tend to drink a lot of water - Varsirom mejutuj vrisutuj

How is it going? - Jurda kané?

What is going on/happening? - Kad kané? / Kad nöjkané?