Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang …

'''Constantly in development. It will change significantly. '''

JUST REDO IT, REDO IT ALLLLLLLLL ;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;

Writing System
Alphabet


 * A, B , C1 , D2 , E3 , F , G1 , H , I4 , J , K6 , L , M , N , O3 , P , QU , R6 , S2 , T , U4 , V , W6 , X , Y , Z , LL , GN , GH  |

/ a, b , k/ʃ , d~ð , e/ɛ , f , g , ∅ , i/j , ʒ , k , l , m , n , o , p , k , r , s , t , u/w , v , ks , i/j , z , ʒ , ɲ , ħ~χ / The above rules apply phonetically, not orthographically
 * 1) C/G are [ʃ/ʒ] before I, E, Y, J
 * 2) D/S are [ð/z] in between vowels
 * 3) E/O are [e/o] in unstressed open syllables and [ɛ] elsewhere
 * 4) I/U are [j/w] before other vowels
 * 5) K/W are only in loans
 * 6) R is silent after consonants in unstressed syllables

Digraphs and Diacritics
 * Ss ss - [s]
 * Il il, In in - [ʒ/ɲ] : finally
 * Ċ ċ, Ġ ġ - [ʃ/ʒ]
 * Gu gu - [g]
 * Ai ai, Ei ei, Oi oi, Ui ui - {ɛ ɛ we we i:}
 * Ae ae, Eî eî, Oa oa, Ua ua, Ea ea - {aɛ̯ i: oe̯ ue̯ e:}
 * Ay ay, Ey ey, Oy oy, Uy uy - {ɛj ɛj wej wej}
 * Ây ây, Êy êy, Eiy eiy - {ɛ:j i:j wej wej ɛ:j}
 * Au au, Iu iu - {o u ju}
 * Aû aû, Iû iû, Oû oû, Iaû iaû - {o: ju: u: jo:}
 * Ã ã, Ẽ ẽ, Õ õ, Ą̂ ą̂, Ę̂ ę̂, Ǫ̂ ǫ̂ - {æ̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ æ̃: ɛ̃: ɔ̃:}
 * Â â, Ê ê, Î î, Ô ô, Û û, Aî aî - {a: e: i: o: u: ɛ:}

History and Explination
Nomidian retains two cases: the subject and the genitive. Towards the middle ages, irregularities within most noun paradigms began regularizing to where the stem took over (pater would be patrus); another notable regularization was the application of the final -s as a plurality marker. Eventually, all cases became obsolete with only the genitive case remaining: the genitive in fact gained more use becoming the case for: possessive, compounds, honorifics / modifier nouns, and other relationships between two or more nouns (other than those determined by conjunctions).

Grammatical gender began simplifying early on. The masculine and neuter genders merged with the neuter being completely taken over by the masculine (with some exceptions to feminine). The difference therebetween also began simplifying to be more clear.

Examples

 * air [ɛr] mas. – farmland; ancestral land :::  AGER, AGRĪ 


 * air / airos
 * airi / airis
 * mîyo, -a [mi:jo, -a] mas. (fem) – friend :::  AMĪCUS, AMĪCĪ ( AMĪCA, AMĪCÆ )


 * mîyo / mîyos
 * mîya / mîyas
 * mîci / mîcis
 * mîce / mîces
 * ãmio [æ̃mjo] mas. – (w/ '"to have") a desire to do something [because of evidence or persuasion] :::  ANIMUS, ANIMĪ 


 * ãmio / ãmios
 * ãmi / ãmis
 * ãmia [ãmja] fem. – soul, spirit; qi :::  ANIMA, ANIMÆ 


 * ãmia / ãmias
 * ãmie / ãmies
 * ava [ava] fem. – water :::  AQUA, AQUÆ 


 * ava / avas
 * ave / aves
 * tiera [tjera] fem. – earth, land, ground :::  TERRA, TERRÆ 


 * tiera / tieras
 * tiere / tieres
 * cõsseillo [kõˈsɛʒo] mas. – plan; (w/ gen. indef.) advice, council :::  CŌNSILIUM, CŌNSILIĪ 


 * cõsseillo / cõsseillos
 * cõsseilli / cõsseillis
 * rêġ [re:ʒ] mas. – king, ruler :::  RĒX, RĒGIS 


 * rêġ / rêges
 * rêgi / rêgis
 * noat [noe̯t] fem. – night :::  NŌX, NOCTIS 


 * noat / noits
 * noyï / noyïs
 * îra [i:ra] fem. – (w/ "to have") bloodthirst, murderousness, ferocity :::  ĪRA, ĪRÆ 


 * îra / îras
 * îre / îres
 * nom [nɔ̃m] mas. – name :::  NŌMEN, NŌMINIS 


 * nõm / nõmos
 * nõmi / nõmis
 * sãi [sæ̃] mas. – blood :::  SANGUIS, SANGUINIS 


 * sãi / sãis
 * sãini / sãinis

Articles
Articles developed later on to define the grammatical number and nature of that number of the noun.

The definite comes from  ILLE . It represents specific nouns opposed to the noun in general (as in, "the cat" vs. "a cat").

The indefinite comes from  ŪNUS . It represents an unspecified one of the noun opposed to one in specific (as in, "a car" vs. "the car").

The partative comes from  DĒ + ILLE . It represents a part or a fraction of a noun opposed to a whole (as in, "some milk" vs. "the milk").

The universal comes from  ŪNQUAM . It represents the noun as a whole opposed to any one or more of the noun (as in, "houses" vs. "the houses"). The plural is rarely used, but it is used when a noun changes meaning in the plural or is only in the plural.

History and Introduction
Adjectives became universally standardized (except for a couple defective ones which are majority loans). In essance, they followed the same path as nouns. Though, while adjectives like most romance languages did loose the morphological constructions of superlative and comparative.

Adverbs
Adjectives can be made into adjectives with two suffixes: -mẽde from  MENTE ; and -mado from  MODŌ . The former pertains to a state (quickly, rapidly, sadly), and the latter pertains to a method of doing the doing (fast, with speed, with sadness). If an adverb does not end in one of these two suffixes, it is a stand-alone adverbs which are those which are only adverbs (tomorrow, today, how).

Pronouns
Verbs

Conjugation

 * jechre [ʒeʃe] - to be tr./aux.


 * Infinitive: jechre
 * Hortative Infinitive: chrerír
 * Gerund: jechę̂
 * Past Gerund: fîdo
 * Passive Participle : jedo
 * ayer [ɛjer] - to have tr./aux.


 * Infinitive: ayer
 * Hortative Infinitive: ierír
 * Gerund: ayę̂
 * Past Gerund: ayîdo
 * Passive Participle: ato
 * find another […] - this would be the definition


 * Infinitive: -are
 * Gerund: -ą̂
 * Past Gerund: -âudo
 * Passive Participle: -ado
 * find another […] -


 * Infinitive: -re
 * Gerund: -ę̂
 * Past Gerund: -îdo (often irregular; non-palatalizing I)
 * Passive Participle: -to 
 * mogniere [moˈɲjere] - to remain; to stay; (refl.) to belong (with a) intr.


 * Infinitive: -iere (non-palatalizing I)
 * Gerund: -ę̂
 * Past Gerund: -îdo (palatalizing I)
 * Passive Participle: -to
 * drovire [dovire] - to sleep intr.


 * Infinitive: -ire
 * Gerund: -ię̂
 * Past Gerund: -îvdo  (non-palatalizing I)
 * Passive Participle: -îdo

Adverbs
look under Adjectives.

Word Order
The order is verb-subject-object, like English. Datives are often placed before the object, but this could be considared formal. Being head final, adjectives and adverbs-from-adjectives follow nouns; however, other stand-alone adverbs can go anywhere as long as they are before or after the verb-subject. Note that personal pronouns, when used, are put before the verb.

Independent
An independent clause is made up of, at the bare minimum, one single verb phrase. Other phrases, such as noun and prepositional phrases, are added for varying levels of specificity.

Introductory
Introductory clauses are those which introduce a time, setting, or background information. They must be introduced with a preposition, gerund, or a conjunction introducing a dependent clause (however, this is strictly restricted to subjunctive dependent clauses).

Dependent
Subjunctive dependent clauses are those which are used after certain verbs or phrases (such as "I want that _," "I hope that _," "I implore that _," etc) to show that the verb is unreal, untrue, or desired; they must come after that (including certain conjunctional phrases ending in that), and the verb is in the subjunctive in this situation. It is important to note that only subjunctive dependent clauses can have subjunctives.

Expansive dependent clauses are those which expand on the independent clause or describe a single nominative (such as, "you who belongs in jail"); they come after the conjunctions who, which.

Pivotal dependent clauses are those which show location or purpose; they use the conjunctions where, so that, because, etc. These clauses are also used to show controdiction using conjunctions like however, although, on the contrary, etc. Pivotal clauses often are compounded with other clauses (for example, "Although I want that he be good, I can't change who he is).

Noun
It is made up of a noun, and adjective, and, occasionally, and adjective. Adverbs for the most part do not occur, but when they do, they are fronted before the noun. Adjectives, however, go after the head noun.

There are some various noun phrase contructions:

Possessive

Representing ownership, this is often put into a dative construction after the noun phrase using three prepositions revealing the exact relationships of the noun: a, de, ẽt. A means that the noun after it is being owned. De means that the noun after it is owning. Ẽt means that two nouns own each other, as in, a mutual ownership, although, this is becoming almost archaic.

Possessive pronouns are different however. Those are considered adjectives, but they come before the noun. The exception to this is if the relationship is personal such as identity or name, where it would take the above construction (example: "I write my name" : squîyo nõm a mi ; "That is my book" : e ciede mu liro ; "I have an angry personality" : ayo una persona îrîdo a mi).

Genitive

Slightly different from possessive phrases where they genitive phrases show a relationship between the two nouns which makes a new word itself (for example in English, treehouse, steam engine, king's bed). The "owner," or the describing word which takes the genitive case, comes after the head noun.

Prepositional

These are the most common

Sound Changes
Legend: C = consonant | V = vowel | ´ = stressed | ˆ = near-stress/secondary stress | ` = unstressed | % = intertonic vowel | O = open syllable |  Ɵ = closed syllable | $ = syllable | Ob. = obstruent | L = {w j r l}

Unless otherwise stated, vowel shifts include nasal vowels h > ∅ {aɪ oɪ} > {ɛ: i:} ʏ y > {ɪ i:} {ɪ̂ ɪ́ ʊ̂ ʊ́} > {e i o u} {ɛ e: ɔ o:}r > r_ s > h / _C, _# V{m n} > Ṽ kC > jC {ŋn nj} > ɲj / _V {lj kl gl} > ʎj / _V V̀% > ∅ ! {i u} jCV > jCjV Ci%C > CCj ; Cu%C > CCw {k g} > {tʃ dʒ} / _{i e} w > v Vh > V: {ɛ́ ɔ́} > {jé wó} ! Ṽ V: > V ! V̂ V: > V / _# ks > s / _# b > w / _C {b d g gʷ} > {v ð ʁ ʁʷ} / V_(L)V {p t k kʷ} > {b d g gʷ} / V_(L)V {tʃ dʒ} > {ʃ ʒ} ɔ́ > a / Ɵ ! V: l > ʁ / _C, _# w > ∅ / C_ {ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ũ õ ɔ̃ ã} > {ɛ̃ ɛ̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ɔ̃ æ̃} ; {ĩ: ẽ: ɛ̃: ũ: õ: ã:} > {ẽ: ẽ: æ̃: õ: õ: æ̃:} {ɛ ɔ} > {e o} / Ò s > z / _V̀ p > h / _C {sr zr} > {ʃ ʒ} v > ∅ ! _C ! L ; ð > ∅ ! V_(L)V; ʁ > χ ʁ > χ C: > C ! V́_V Vw : aw > o | a:w > o:      ɛw > u  | e:w > ju: ɔw > o | o:w > u:      iw > ju | i:w > i:v uw > u: | u:w > u:               ɛ:w > jo: h > ħ / _C h > ∅ t > ∅ / _# V̀ > ∅ / #_ Vj : aj > ɛ | a:j > aɛ  '''! VjV :''' ajV > ɛjV | a:jV > ɛ:jV ɛj > ɛ | e:j > i:          ɛjV > ɛjV  | e:jV > i:jV ɔj > we | o:j > oe         ɔjV > wejV | o:jV > wejV uj > we | u:j > ue         ujV > wejV | u:jV > wejV ɛ:j > e:                      ɛ:jV > ɛ:jV j > ʒ / #_ ʎj > ʒ ħ > χ ? m > v / V_V C > C̥ / Ob. Cr > C / $̀ –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

VĒRITĀS NUMQUAM PERIT

                  truth never perishes

 ĪRE FORTITER QUŌ NĒMŌ ĪVIT

                   to bodly go where no one has gone before

 Lingua Latina pulchra est.

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