Shalledian

This conlang is for the August Challenge. (note: it's classification as a Natrodian language does not break any rules ;u;)

The language is reliant on suffixes for grammatical functions and consists of mono- and rarely disyllabic rootwords which end in certain consonants depending on the part of speech. All suffixes are monosyllabic and consist of a vowel proceeded by a consonant.

Key
Shalledian Text.

English Translation.

(gloss)

[ɑɪ pʰiː eɪ t͡ʃɹan.skɹɪp.ʃən]

Rules

 * Double letters are a lengthened or geminated version of the sound.
 * This can only appear once in a rootword.
 * Words aren't stressed though lengthened vowels tend to simulate stress.
 * Words beginning with a vowel are preceded with a glottal stop to prevent them from being recognised as a suffix to the preceding word.
 * G and J become nasalised when sharing a syllable with a nasal vowel that precedes or proceeds it.
 * Vowels proceeding other vowels are non-syllabic but can become syllabic for rhythmic purposes.

Noun Declension
Infinite (pro)nouns can only be mono- or disyllabic and mustn't end in K, N or T. Nouns can receive several declensions and decline in the following order: Some cases are expressed entirely on their own. Most cases change meaning depending on the postposition and preceding case delcension.
 * Number
 * Definiteness
 * "Main Cases"
 * Other Cases (requires dative/locative/lative declension to precede; may use aiding postpositions)
 * Vocative (usually used on its own)

Word Order
The main word order is VSO and is affected by the cases; which must be place in a certain order. Some cases share a position and thus does not matter which order they are placed it, however.
 * 1) Adverb(s)
 * 2) Verb
 * 3) Subject
 * 4) Object
 * 5) Dative Object
 * 6) Inessive/Illative Objects
 * 7) Adessive/Allative
 * 8) Ablative Object
 * 9) Elative Object
 * 10) Apudessive Object
 * 11) Perlative/Postelative/Proximative/Subessive Objects

Verb Conjugation
Verbs are all regular and conjugate to mood, tense and aspect. Grammatical voice is often expressed by particles proceeding the verb such as je for the passive voice and ze for the reflexive voice. Ze can be omitted in colloquial speech. All infinite verbs end in k as do imperative verbs. They also cannot begin with en. {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="height: 100px; width: 500px;" ! colspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|

To Be
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Infinitive and Imperative (imp) ! colspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Indicative (ind) ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"| ! style="text-align:center;"|Simple ! style="text-align:center;"|Progressive ! style="text-align:center;"|Perfect ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Past ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Non-Past ! colspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Subjunctive (sub) ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Past ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Non-Past ! colspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Conditional (cond) ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Past ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Non-Past ! colspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Others ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Optative Suffix (opt) ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Potential Infix (pot) ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Negating Prefix (neg)
 * colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;"|stakk
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkí
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkin
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkit
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakke
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakken
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakket
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkír
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkis
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkrit
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkre
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakksre
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkrot
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakksge
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkesg
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkasg
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkron
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkris
 * style="text-align:center;"|stakkrat
 * colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;"| -(é)s
 * colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| -ǒr-
 * colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|en-
 * }

Auxiliary Verbs and Participles
The language lacks these two components as the functions of the latter are mostly covered by the verb.

Passive Voice
The passive voice is formed with the particle je which is used to proceed the verb. This can be replaced with the subject being used in accusative case without a nominative subject.

Ikkí je volezétén. or Ikkí volezétěr.

The two tools were used.

(use-ind.simple.past particle.passive tool-dual-def-NOM / use-ind.simple.past tool-dual-def-ACC )

[ɪ.kːi jə vɔ.lə.zɛ.tɛn / ɪ.kːi vɔ.lə.zɛ.teɾ]

Reflexive Voice
This voice uses the particle ze and is often colloquially omitted. The particle can translate to oneself and can also be replace with the subject receiving both nominative and accusative/dative declensions.

Ểviken ze lymétén srisôroměr. or Ểviken lyméténểg srisôroměr.

The woman is buying herself some flowers.

(buy-ind.progressive.nonpast particle.reflexive woman.sing-def-NOM flower-pl-part-ACC / buy-ind.progressive.nonpast woman.sing-def-NOM-DAT flower-pl-part-ACC)

[ẽ.vɪ.kən zə ly.mɛ.tɛn ʂɪ.sɔ̃.ɾɔ.meɾ / ẽ.vɪ.kən ly.mɛ.tɛ.nẽɣ̃ ʂɪ.sɔ̃.ɾɔ.meɾ]

Each Other
The reflexive voice is also used to translate phrases using the term 'each other' even though it isn't specifically talking about the subject in particular, but another entity, all the while still the subject. Thus it is reliant on the context whether "each other" or "themselves" is implied.

Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns decline exactly like nouns and honorifics are applied with the definite declension. The zeroth person contains indefinite pronouns and corresponds to the English "one", "a person" or the generic you. It call also decline to number to mean "a pair of/some people". The first person refers to the person speaking; "I". The second person refers to the person the speaker is adresses assuming that they aren't older, royalty or a deity. Third person is reserved for people older than speaker and royalty (royals are adressed with the dual pronoun; "you and your majesty"). The fourth person is reserved for deities alone. The final, fifth person is used for people other than the speaker or the person being adressed and there is no distinction between gender. Therefore "he", "she" and "it" use the same word.