Mahali

Classification and Dialects
This is an isolated language I developed for a fictional piece based around an all-female society of mermaids.

Phonotactics
 1)       syllables ((C)C)V

 2)     2)    allowed consonant pairings:

 

 3)     3)    first instance of adjacent vowels separated by a glottal stop V’V

 4)     4)    rule 2 is the only instance in which a glottal stop can occur

 5)     5)    all remaining instances of adjacent vowels separated by /h/ VhV

Writing System
All letters correspond to IPA except for those noted here:

Grammar
 1)       SVO word order

 2)       verbs must agree with subject nouns in end vowel

 3)       adjectives must agree with modified noun in end vowel (with the acceptation of numerical modifiers)

 4)       plurality is indicated by ma- prefix

 5)       genitive (possessive) indicated by o (“of”, nested like Spanish de)

 6)       verb conjugation (dash indicates vowel agreement with subject noun)

 

Present Progressive (ing): awa

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0level1lfo1"> 7)       the pronoun can be dropped in cases where it can be inferred (once the subject is established)

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0level1lfo1"> 8)       progressive is indicated by p- suffix, where – is agreeing vowel

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0level1lfo1"> 9)       infinitive always ends in ‘a’

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0level1lfo1"> 10)     article l- marks the object noun, always directly precedes it, and must always agree

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0level1lfo1"> 11)     subject and object pronouns (I/me, we/us, etc.) are the same word, but one is denoted by the object marker

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0level1lfo1"> 12)     the object noun and preceding adjectives can be moved before the verb to create passive voice

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0level1lfo1"> 13)     adverbs follow the verb and agree with the subject noun <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US"> questions are formed in VSO order

Lexicon
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt"> 

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6"> 1. Pronouns

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">I- ja

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">we (inclusive)- larewa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">we (exclusive)- larowa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">you- kwa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">y’all (plural)- makwa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">she (animate)- owa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">it (inanimate)- owi’i

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">they (animate)- ona

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">they (inanimate)- oni’i

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">2.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Feeling Adjective/Verbs

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hungry/to hunger- onumwa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tired/to be tired- drusa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hurt/to inflict hurt- gra

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">happy/to be happy- nija

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sad/to be sad- dunama

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">angry/to be angry- hoga

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ill/to be ill- raliwe

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">embarrassed/to be embarrassed- helare

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ashamed/to be ashamed- sowa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">thankful/to be thankful- lime

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">doubtful/to be doubtful- tiha

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">worried/to be worry- webaka

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sore/to be sore- owida

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hopeful/to be hopeful- lihola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">itchy/to itch- nitse

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">3.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Question/Answer <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">question- mawoste

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">answer- loho’a

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">who- pija

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">what- pire

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">where- pimo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">when- pika

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">why- pivi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">how- piwe

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">this- berere

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">that- bere

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">there- bemo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">then- beka <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">4.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Adjectives long- dane

<p class="MsoNormal">short- ose

<p class="MsoNormal">wide- tse

<p class="MsoNormal">tall- vre

<p class="MsoNormal">narrow- agise

<p class="MsoNormal">small- me

<p class="MsoNormal">large- baple

<p class="MsoNormal">medium/neutral- ewe

<p class="MsoNormal">middle- ekware

<p class="MsoNormal">hot- taniske

<p class="MsoNormal">warm- ihe

<p class="MsoNormal">cold- ode

<p class="MsoNormal">new- ine

<p class="MsoNormal">old- elete

<p class="MsoNormal">good- sale

<p class="MsoNormal">bad- skagre

<p class="MsoNormal">full- sare

<p class="MsoNormal">empty- spre

<p class="MsoNormal">neat- trehene

<p class="MsoNormal">messy- hapele

<p class="MsoNormal">murky- iske

<p class="MsoNormal">clear- pote

<p class="MsoNormal">shiny- sokale’e

<p class="MsoNormal">dry- ta’ese

<p class="MsoNormal">smooth- ome

<p class="MsoNormal">sharp- tike

<p class="MsoNormal">rough- jake

<p class="MsoNormal">heavy- ewile

<p class="MsoNormal">light- lire

<p class="MsoNormal">skinny- ene

<p class="MsoNormal">fat- wage

<p class="MsoNormal">high (pitch)- a’e

<p class="MsoNormal">low (pitch)- be

<p class="MsoNormal">quiet- kene

<p class="MsoNormal">loud- bome

<p class="MsoNormal">different- ubre

<p class="MsoNormal">same- like

<p class="MsoNormal">strange- wespe

<p class="MsoNormal">normal- epehe

<p class="MsoNormal">common- lare

<p class="MsoNormal">rare- iwoke

<p class="MsoNormal">right/correct- dare

<p class="MsoNormal">wrong- tselukre

<p class="MsoNormal">beautiful- kalele

<p class="MsoNormal">ugly- uku’e

<p class="MsoNormal">curious- oklure

<p class="MsoNormal">friendly- rade

<p class="MsoNormal">unfriendly- norade (from friendly rade and prefix negative no)

<p class="MsoNormal">intelligent- pekohe

<p class="MsoNormal">stupid- igrate

<p class="MsoNormal">great/best- sasale (from good sale)

<p class="MsoNormal">terrible/worst- skaskagre (from bad skagre)

<p class="MsoNormal">worthy- hanebe

<p class="MsoNormal">sweet- nere

<p class="MsoNormal">salty- gwate

<p class="MsoNormal">umami- fame

<p class="MsoNormal">bitter- ospite

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">5.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Quantity <p class="MsoNormal">total- drili

<p class="MsoNormal">all- afra

<p class="MsoNormal">many- dolalo

<p class="MsoNormal">few- itsi

<p class="MsoNormal">most-  hakiha’i (from yes ha’i)

<p class="MsoNormal">least- nono (from no no)

<p class="MsoNormal">less/subtract- adima

<p class="MsoNormal">more/add- riple

<p class="MsoNormal">only- bi

<p class="MsoNormal">some- sla’ati

<p class="MsoNormal">part/piece- ada

<p class="MsoNormal">zero/none- nela

<p class="MsoNormal">one- be

<p class="MsoNormal">two- se

<p class="MsoNormal">three- he

<p class="MsoNormal">four- ele

<p class="MsoNormal">five- ala

<p class="MsoNormal">six- to

<p class="MsoNormal">seven- ka

<p class="MsoNormal">eight- ri

<p class="MsoNormal">nine- sadu

<p class="MsoNormal">ten- sko

<p class="MsoNormal">eleven- skobe (ten 1)

<p class="MsoNormal">twelve- skose (ten 2)

<p class="MsoNormal">…

<p class="MsoNormal">twenty- sesko (2 ten)

<p class="MsoNormal">twenty-one- seskobe (2 ten 1)

<p class="MsoNormal">…

<p class="MsoNormal">hundred- mekala

<p class="MsoNormal">two hundred- se mekala

<p class="MsoNormal">…

<p class="MsoNormal">three hundred and thirty three- ka mekala kaskoka

<p class="MsoNormal">first/initial- robe

<p class="MsoNormal">second- rose

<p class="MsoNormal">…

<p class="MsoNormal">last/final- klima

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">6.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Time <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">time- ka

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">second- rama

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">minute- pe

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hour- ovra

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">day- a’ola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">week (5 days)- etare

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">month (29/30 days)-  loda (from moon loda)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">year (12 months)- amoni

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">season/cycle- metaba

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">summer- faleri

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">winter-  kate

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">spring- inara

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">fall- umigi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">night- lise

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sunrise/dawn- nalehamona (from up nale and sun hamona)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sunset/dusk- ladruhamona (from down ladru and sun hamona)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">morning- emame

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">evening- lehoska

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">noon- adable

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">afternoon- era’adable (from after era and noon adabe)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">before- latsa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">after- era

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">early- vresa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">late- tseli

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">earlier- vrevresa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">later- tsetseli

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">always- stasle

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">often- mila

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">rarely- so’iwoke

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">never- wi’uba

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">again- kito

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">while- ajosi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">now- kereti

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tomorrow- eme

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">yesterday- kiha

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">past- ari

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">future- rekana <p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">7.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Color <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">red- ake

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">green- ralama

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">yellow- vrebrale

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">blue- otsinu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">orange- kidri

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">purple- elewa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">teal (more green than blue)- a’ope

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">turquoise (more blue than green)- rebida

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">white- kale

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">black- lepijo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">light- laka

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">dark- elisi <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">8.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Body Nouns <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">head- kweso

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ear- afela

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">eye- olihi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">nose- saswi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">mouth- etoni

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">lips- ma’opi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tooth- drali

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tongue/speech- baso

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">neck- daguske

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">throat- eso’a

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">arm- e’ilu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">elbow- gletse

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hand- ani

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">finger- ifola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">thumb- do

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">belly- edawo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">back- onila

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">breast- muwela

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">skin- resposu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">blood- oro

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">bone- aspesi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">stomach- krabeni

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">liver- osuke

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">intestines- matan

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">heart- arepa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">waste- kaka

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hair- pelo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">nail- omila

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">scale- koto

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tail- ga

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">fluke- fani <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">9.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">     Verbs <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">be- isa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">do- hatsa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">make- unopa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">try- rota

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">breathe- eleva

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">suffocate- no’eleva (from breathe eleva and prefix negative no)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">eat- ebosa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">bite- lapola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">look/seek- oba

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">see/sight- obesa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hear- hera

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sound/to make noise- ku’ela

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">smell- vriruda

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">taste- atola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">feel/touch- aja

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">know- romika

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">think- apona

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">believe- ofula

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sleep- lema

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">wake- kliwa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">birth- osame

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">die- grune

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">kill- huke

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">wound- iraka

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">break- ska

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ruin- miga

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">swim (slowly)- stolida (from swim normally lida)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">swim (normally)- lida

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">swim (quickly)- ralida (from swim normally lida)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">move- vreda

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sink- elata

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">float- frela

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hunt- tarama

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">catch- mona

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">come-  omogwa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">avoid- sajome

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">twist- mila

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">turn- rema

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">smash- gibera

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">roll- emala

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">gouge- draka

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">guide- abola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">lie (down)/recline- wospa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">orient oneself parallel- spahoda

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">orient oneself perpendicular- stakwiba

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">laugh- erula

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">smile- asila

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">frown- anewa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">give- gola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">grant- gilifa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">bless- afraja

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">take- redesa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">keep- lihana

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">say- basa (from tongue baso)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ask- aska

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tell- bika

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sing- kala

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">swear/give oath- e’ana

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">love- idala

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">like/enjoy- alina

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">dislike/be aggravated by- no’alina (from like alina and prefix negative no)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hate- spatsa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">want- sta

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt;tab-stops:84.0pt">leave- tahita

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">go- amoga

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">stay- no’amoga (from go amoga and prefix negative no)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">let/allow- temispa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">forbid/prohibit- senakra

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">put- wespa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">seem/appear- misa’asa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">begin- skiha

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">end- pelaba

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">carry- meta

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">change- maraka

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">join- astira

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">meet- ihisa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">trade- gwiha

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">barter- wadiva

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">respect- amama

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">have/own- ilaka <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">10.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">  Animal/Plant Nouns <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">mermaid/person- ladwa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">human- kige

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">male- piwawespi (from strange wespi and prefix associated thing piwa)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">animal/creature- narake

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">fish- eme’e

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">jellyfish- wota

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">shark- lahato

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">whale- amedi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">octopus- livrita

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">squid- ufi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">eel- i’ile

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">coral- ba

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">seaweed- haho

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">anemone- anemone

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">egg- a’a

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">shell- lekawo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">oyster- atemi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">pearl- posi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">barnacle- lesko

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">algae- laso

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">algal bloom- lasoso

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sea star- atave

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sea cucumber- letu <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">dolphin- akuha

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">11.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">  Environmental Nouns <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">life- ra

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sun- hamona

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">moon- loda

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ocean- sasale mame (from great sasale, and mother mame)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">rain/water- oro o sasale mame (from blood oro, of o, and ocean sasale mame)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">air- aseha

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">surface (above water)- astehi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">trench- dospo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">mountain- ena

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">cave- lefolu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">home- welo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">deep water- ogo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">shallow water- blima

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">wave- desi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">stone- ospaso

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sand- e’i

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">reef- pitsi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">surface current- gada

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">deep water current- wihojo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hunting ground- lidutarama (from tarama to hunt, and place lidu)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">danger- alara

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">glow- lutoda

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">shine- ale’e

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">storm- ejofo <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">12.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">  Produced Object Nouns <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ship- te’u

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">rope- eselo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">net- kesa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">knot- legu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">metal- vodale

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">spear- bena

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">knife- gako

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">driftwood- itospa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">basket- slisi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">jewelry- mesade

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hook- gwako

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hammer- eturaki

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">chisel- todro

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tool- tule

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">bag- piwameta (from carry meta and prefix associated thing piwa)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">song-

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">octave- wase

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">note (music)- egi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">story/to tell a story- resta

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">gift- piwagola (from give gola and prefix associated thing piwa)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">food- tsele

<p class="MsoNormal">fishbait- eme’etsele (from fish eme’e and

<p class="MsoNormal">food tsele) <p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">13.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">  Family/Social Nouns

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt"> mother- mame

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">sister- naja (from I ja and prefix near na)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">child- inasani (from new ina and fluke sani)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">daughter- ama

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">nuclear family- nabasa (from family basa and prefix near na)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">extended family- basa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">merfolk/people- gebasa (from nuclear family basa and prefix far ge)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">outsider/social outcast- nobasa (from nuclear family basa and prefix negative no)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">cousin- hedi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">aunt- namame (from mother mame and prefix near na)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">niece-  enolo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">grandniece-  dekwamu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">grandmother- sola

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">granddaughter- ekri

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">great aunt- na’sola (from grandmother sola and prefix near na)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">unrelated girl/woman w/o children- gehedi (from cousin hedi and prefix far ge)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">unrelated mother- gemame (from mother mame and prefix far ge)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">unrelated grandmother- gesola (from grandmother sola and prefix far ge)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">ancestor- iskeme

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">tribe- eweho

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">elder (of higher social class)- uta’a

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">youth/girl (of lower social class)- bebe

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">stranger- luko

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">shaman- ekala (from sing kala and prefix associated person e)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hunter- etarama (from hunt tarama and prefix associated person e)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">hello-  ma’asila (from smiles ma’asila)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">goodbye- afraselikwi (bastardization of blessed journey)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">alone- hable

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">together- kotse

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">14.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">  Relative Location/Directionality <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">here- bekamo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">place- lidu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">everywhere- afralidu (from all afra and place lidu)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">in- ale

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">on- a

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">off- hu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">out- ibo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">near/close- nana (from prefix close na)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">far- gege (from prefix far ge)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">over- ahaspa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">under- atomo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">through- duji

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">top-  se’abla

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">bottom- se’opo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">side- rimeli

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">left- dideda

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">right- taspu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">up- nile

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">down- ladru

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">across/opposite- kusti

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">against/adjacent- amensa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">among- erasa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">forward- kobre

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">back- naso <p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:21.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4level1lfo6">15.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;">  Miscellaneous <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">to- tu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">into- aletu (from in ale and to tu)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">too/also- emi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">a/the- la/le/li/lo/lu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">no- no

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">yes- ha’i

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">but- pero

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">and- i

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">or- da

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">of/belonging to- o

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">by- ja

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">from- so

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">may- ta

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">should- bekini

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">could- twakini

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">would- pokini

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">if- samo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">because- esko

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">so- adu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">for- fo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">with/together- sa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">without- nosa (from with sa)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">than- okwa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">quite- rapora

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">very- neta

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">name- komo

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">word- tsu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">idea- pedre

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">must- tadu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">must not- notadu (from must tadu and prefix negative  no)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">can- dra

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">cannot- nodra (from can du and prefix negative no)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">everything- afrapiwa (from all afra and thing piwa)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">value- alesa

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">purpose/reason- bekora

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">meeting- blene

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">journey- lekwili

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">weight- ralota

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">maybe/possibly- eta

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">secret- sakite

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">please- atse <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:3.0pt">thank you- plane

Example text
<p class="MsoNormal">May the Great Mother smile on our meeting  (formal greeting)

<p class="MsoNormal">Ta Sasale Mame asile a le blene o larewa

<p class="MsoNormal">may great mother smile on obj-meeting of us(in.)

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoNormal">May the Great Mother bless your journey  (formal farewell)

<p class="MsoNormal">Ta Sasale Mame afraje li lekwili o kwa

<p class="MsoNormal">may great mother bless obj-journey of you

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">Sharks often swim in that area

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">Malahato lido milo ale beru lidu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">sharks swim often in that area

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">The shaman sang the home song and a cave was made in the mountain

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">Ekala kalasa la kala o welo i lefolu unopusu ale ena

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">shaman sang obj-song of home and cave made in mountain

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">Later in the year we will be able to hunt in the hunting grounds again

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">Tsetseli ale amoni larowa drarafa tarama ale la lidutarama kito

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:52.0pt">later in year we(ex.) can hunt in obj-hunting grounds again