Old Helvoran

General information
Helvoran (Elvoir or Élvoir) is the native language of the Kingdom of Helvore, a Western European language closely related to French. One of the most widely spoken Romance languages in the World, Helvoran is spoken by over forty million native speakers world-wide, in over nine different nations.

Please Note, this page is under construction.

Consonants

 * Please Notice that the writing on the right in brackets shows how this phoneme is spelt in Helvoran.
 * *Please note, I am unaware of what this sound would be in IPA, so I have shown it as a combination of t and s, as a Lateral Fricative.
 * **Northern Helvoran pronunciation (Nasal) differs from Southern Helvoran (Lateral Fricative) Pronunciation in this way.

Vowels

 * Please Note that the writing in brackets shows how the phoneme is spelt in Helvoran, whilst the left side is the IPA.

Phonotactics
Helvoran Phonotactics are fairly simple, with their being several usually followed rules, and few exceptions (apart from lone words). These rules are follows, and are listed in no particular order;
 * Firstly, if the last letter of any syllable is an 'x' or an unaccented vowel, then the letter is not pronounced. Any letters following an 'x' are also not pronounced. A vowel that is pronounced will have an umlaut. For example, Poinxt, which is pronounced /pwaɾ/, or Noire, which is pronounced /nwaɾ/, compared to Joupë, which is pronounced /ʒupə/.
 * A letter can never follow a syllable final vowel (that is, one with an umlaut, as in Joupë), nor can a word ever commence with a syllable final vowel. In the event of a multi-syllable word, in which the first syllable ends in a syllable final vowel, the vowel is no longer shown as a syllable final vowel (without an umlaut). For example, Ajour, compared to Ä-jour.
 * No consonant phoneme combination can ever be combined, (that is, a combination of two consonant phonemes without a vowel), unless they are combined through several syllables. Please note, this is for PHONEMES and not individual letters (that is, 'th' counts as one phoneme, as does 'ch'). There are a few exceptions to this rule., these being any consonant pair ending in a 'h' (for example, /mh/, /sh/). The exceptions to this rule are 'sh', 'th' and 'ch'. (Please note, it is uncommon to find such combinations).
 * Although uncommon, the consonant combination /fv/ is acceptable in Helvoran. although the two are often morphed into a single sound (commencing on the 'f' and traversing to the 'v').
 * The other consonant combinations that are acceptable are /lɾ/, /tsɾ/, /sl/, /sɾ/, /zl/,/tɾ/, /kɾ/, /gɾ/, /pl/, /bl/, /fl/, /vl/, /ʃɾ/, and /ʃl/.

Alphabet;
The Helvoran alphabet system is Latin based, and uses most of the normal latin symbols, with the occasional diacritic added to show minor changes in sound. The alphabet is shown below, with it's corresponding sound being found in the phonetics charts above for vowel and consonants; a/á/ae*/b/c/ç/d/e/é/f/g/h/j/k/l/m/n/o/ ó/oe/p/q (k)/r/s/t/u/v/y/z.
 * Please note, the symbol (ae) is pronounced as a diphthong of /a/ and /j/, or written as /aj/.

Nouns
Nouns in Helvoran consist of four genders, three cases, number and person. Most nouns follow several regular rules in order of how they appear in these various genders, cases, number and person respectively, and will be gone into detail here;

Gender;
In the Helvoran language, nouns are divided into four genders. Each gender also contains a plural form suggesting number, and use an individual definite article. The four genders, along with their plural forms, definite articles and usage are shown below;
 * Masculine Gender;  The Masculine Gender is used in Helvoran for most concrete nouns, gesturing time and all proper nouns (unless specifically stated otherwise by the name). Masculine gender uses the definite article ' La'  or the plural form   'Las'.  For example,  La Pomme  (the Apple),  La Mansion  (the House),  La Academié Royale du Elvoir  (The Royal Academy of Helvore).
 * Feminine Gender; The Feminine Gender is used in Helvoran for most abstract concepts, most plants and artistic objects and also for most foods. Of course, there are exceptions to this rule, which need not be gone into detail. Feminine Gender uses the definite article  'Le' or the plural form  'Les'. For example, Le Jesonne (The Society), Les Gateun (The Cakes), Le Fleur (The Flower).
 * Neuter Gender; ' The Neuter Gender is used in Helvoran for Human abstract concepts (for example, Government, Money), emotions and foreign loan words. Neuter gender uses the definite article  'Latre, or the plural form  'Latrë'. For example, Latre Baguette (the Baguette), Latre Joche (the Joy), Latrë Tepenyakien (The Tepenyakis).
 * ' Animate Gender; The animate gender is used in Helvoran for animals, immaterial concrete nouns (for example, Ghosts), religious concepts and professional topics (for example, profession). Animate gender uses the definite article '  Letre  ' and the plural form Letrë '. For example, Letre Phantomë (The Ghost), Letrë Profemér (The Doctor), Letre Honde (The Dog).

Case;
In the Helvoran language, nouns, as well as being divided into the four aforementioned genders, are also divided into three cases depending on the usage of the noun. Each of these cases then dictates which affixes aree to be added to the noun in order to change it's semantic value in the sentence. These three cases are shown below;
 * Nominative Case; The Nominative case is used in Helvoran when the Noun acts as the subject of the sentence, such as in the English sentence 'The Dog chased the Ball', in which 'The Dog' is the subject. The Helvoran nominative case adds the suffix (-onne), for example, Letre Hondonne dechast la spherinette (The Dog chased the ball).
 * Oblique Case; The Oblique case is used in Helvoran when the Noun acts as the direct or indirect object off the sentence, such as in the English word 'the Ball' in the sentence 'The Dog chased the Ball'. The Helvoran Oblique case adds the suffix (-ette) to the noun, for example, Letre Hondonne dechast la spherinette (The Dog chased the Ball).
 * Genitive Case; The Genitive case is used in Helvoran when the Noun is shown to be a possession of someone or something. For example, the the word 'book' in the English sentence 'John's Book'. In Helvoran, genitive case is shown using the suffix (-apë) to the owner and the prefix (ape-) to the noun, for example, Johnapë apelivre. (John's book).

Number;
In the Helvoran language, number (the fact whether or not a word is plural) is shown by adding the suffix (-en) to the word if it ends in a consonant, and the ending (-n) if it ends in a vowel. For example, the singular word La Pomme (Meaning 'the Apple') becomes Las Pommen when pluralized. Another example is the singular word La Spherin  (meaning 'the Ball'), becomes Las Spherinen when pluralised.

Articles;
As has been mentioned in brief in the Gender section, the Helvoran language contains definite and indefinite articles to show definiteness. There are eight definite articles, and two indefinite articles in Helvoran, which are expressed  in the table below;

Verbs
Verbs in Helvoran consist of several types, differing in affixes to show certain inflections. Using these inflections, verbs can express certain things. Below is a table expressing the different types of affixes and using an example verb; Please note, when mood is shown, tense can also be applied, except in the conditional mood, which cannot be applied in present tense. The suffixes for the various tense are applied before the suffix for the corresponding mood, for example, in the sentence 'I would speak if I wanted to', which uses the Subjunctive mood would become '' 'Je App araitonis onte je Desirean paton'. ''

Adjectives;
Helvoran Adjectives are relatively simple and consist of three cases, and two moods, however, in Modern Helvoran, the three cases are rapidly becoming less distinguishable, and in colloquial speech it is extremely common to find no differentiation between the usage of the cases, with the attributive case being used most often. The three cases, followed by the two moods used in adjectives are shown below;

Case (Type);
Adjectives in the Helvoran language consist of three pragmatic cases, also known as types. These are listed below, as well as a brief description of their usage.
 * Attributive Case; This case is used for adjectives used to modify or express specific qualities in a noun. Helvoran, as is shown in the table above, is a head initial language, meaning that the adjective precedes the noun, as in English. Attributive Case adjectives use the Initial form of the adjective, for example, the Helvoran word for happy is  'Joyevoir' , and in the sentence 'The Happy Children', it precedes the noun,  'La Joyevoir Chialden'.
 * Predicative Case; Predicative Case only appears in Archaic Helvoran, and in modern Speech it has almost entirely dissipated, except in formal situations. Predicative case is gestured in Helvoran using the prefix (je-), for example, 'Happy' in the Predicative case changes from   'Joyevoir' to 'Jejoyevoir' . In a sentence, it is used similar to the English Predicative Adjective, for example,  ' Thiér essont Jejoyevoir' , meaning 'They are Happy'. In modern speech, however, this sentence would become Thiér essont Joyevoir'.
 * Nominal Case; Nominal Case Adjectives are used to show adjectives which act almost as nouns. The nominal case is still used in Helvoran speech, although it is beginning to die away. Nominal Case is gestured in Helvoran using the prefix (pe-), for example,  'Joyevoir' becomes  'Pejoyevoir', in the sentence  'Vou listen deur livren, je préféré la Pejoyevoir'. Meaning, 'We read two books, I preferred the Happy', with happy being short for 'the happy book'.

Mood;
Adjectives in the Helvoran Language consist of two types, the Indicative Adjective Mood, and also the Jussive Mood. Unlike case, this distinction is still very much used in modern colloquial speech. These two moods are listed in detail below, as well as a brief description of their usage.
 * Jussive Mood; The Jussive Mood is used in Helvoran Adjectives to show an adjective that is used to intensify a plead or command. For example, in English, the sentence 'Do your homework well', the word 'well' would use the Jussive mood in Helvoran adjectives. In Helvoran, Jussive mood is shown using the prefix (ex-), for example, in the aforementioned sentence, 'Do your homework well', when translated to Helvoran becomes  'Fairzë tuere voune-du-dammet Exvouje'.
 * Indicative Mood; The Indicative Mood is used in Helvoran as a normal adjective, in any circumstance not used by the Jussive mood, in other words, a normal adjective is used in the Indicative mood, the indicative mood being itself used in any circumstance besides that used by the Jussive mood.

Superlatives and Comparrison;
In Helvoran, Superlative Adjectives are expressed with the addition of suffixes. Below is a table which demonstrates how comparison and superlatives is shown in Helvoran Adjectives;

Syntax
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Vocabulary
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Example text
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