Isgalino

Isgalino: Is a language I designed. It is designed to be easy to learn and is based on English, Spanish and Italian. Scroll down and you'll see the Alphabet pronunciation and then Diphthongs, they will show you how the language is pronounced. From then on you will be able to read and pronounce the language correctly.

=Alphabet Pronunciation= The letter and how they sound in English words.

A- Ant.

B- Big.

C- Car.

D- Dog.

E- End.

F- Fox.

G- God.

H- Hot.

I- EEl.

J- Job.

L- Lot.

M- Mob.

N- Nip.

O- On. Or like the "O" in "No". When at the end of words.

P- Pop.

R- Rat. (The R is pronounced the Spanish way)

S- Sat.

T- Top.

U- BOO

V- Val.

W- Win.

Y- You.

Z- Zed.

Letters (K,Q,X) are not used in the Isgalino alphabet and are replaced according to a more regular phonetic system in Isgalino. C is used instead of K. Q is replaced with C & U both connected together, for example this happens in other Isgalino words G & U connected together make a similar sound. Like in Spanish "Cuando" or Italian "Lingua". X is replaced with C & S, the S followed after the C.

Also in Isgalino concerning spelling. If you know the alphabet you can then spell, but I also realised that if a letter is a sound then there is no need to double consonants.

Diphthongs
Other alphabetical sounds represented by more than one letter; Compared to the pronunciation in English.

Another thing to take notice to is the O at the end of a word in Isgalino is pronounced like in the English word "No". But in a word, not at the end, it is pronounced as a standard Isgalino O. Although when a noun which has "o" at the end is pluralised the "o" does not make the long "o" sound that it would normally make at the end of a word, it instead makes a normal "o" like it would inside a word. E.g. Le stanos pensai ca?

AI long A in English Same.

AY long I in English Friday.

OY like in English Toy.

CH like in English Chocolate.

SH like in English Shock.

JH makes the sound like in the French Bonjour.

AO makes the sound like in the English Cow.

AU like in English Audience.

CU like in English QU. E.g. Question.

GU like in Italian GU. E.g. Lingua. (When followed by o, a, i)

TH like in English TH. E.g. The.

=Basic Grammar= Isgalino uses a similar grammatical construction to Italian and Spanish. E.g. Nouns before Adjectives. The language uses the normal Subject-Verb-Object used in English and other european languages. The construction of grammar isn't unusual and follows many of the same rules as other European languages. Although English influences grammatical construction also. In Isgalino phrases such as "the fact that", "the thing is" are used. These are more English phrases and reasoning rather than anything else. In looking at grammar tense is an important thing to understand, this is probably what sets it apart from other languages.

Common verbs
English- Isgalino

Isgalino verbs always end in "ai".

To/Be- Serai

To/Do- Adai

To/Go- Ai

To/Feel- Sentai

To/Move- Movai

To/Have- Tenai

To/Want- Cierai

To/Work- Functai

To/Need- Nesitai

To/Look- Servai

To/Learn- Lernai

To/Make- Macai

To/Whisper- Nisaplai

To/Talk- Saplai

To/Shout- Melisaplai

To/Lose- Perdai

To/Ask- Ascai

To/Walk- Carinai

To/Run- Melicarinai

To/Sit- Nipiai

To/Stand- Piai

To/Jump- Soltai

To/Come/arrive- Arivai

To/Think- Pensai

To/Know- Sabai

To/Like- Enjai

To/Laugh- Rai

To/Kill- Celai

To/Forward- Fentrai

To/Back/backward- Nifentrai

To/Help- Helpai

To/Fish- Pesai

To/Farm- Granai

To/Buy- Comprai

To/Catch- Cogai

To/Use- Usai

An example sentence using some of the verbs above:

Le granaijo servaios an servaios ad e pesaijo, li seraios pesaigo in il agua.

In Isgalino there is no word for "went" instead it is the past tense of the verb "go". For example;

Le nijo aios a scola.

Common adjectives
English - Isgalino

Happy- Feliso - Sad - Nifeliso

Beautiful- Bwelo - Ugly - Nibwelo

Hungry - Famino - Full - Nifamino

Thirsty- Sedo - Not thirsty - Nisedo

Intelligent- Intelijento - Unintelligent - Niintelijento

Big- Grando - Small - Nigrando

Hard- Duro - Soft - Niduro

Nice- Agriablo - Nasty - Niagriablo

Kind- Bono - Unkind - Nibono

Angry- Enrajo - Calm - Nienrajo

Making adverbs
The "ly" ending in English is indicating an adverb.

To change an adjective into an adverb in Isgalino you add "n" to the end of the adjective.

For example "Le nijo carinaios felison a il scola."

Word gender
In Isgalino to say masculine "The" we would say Le.

To say the feminine "The" we say Il.

A noun ending with "o" means that the noun is masculine.

A noun ending with "a" means that the noun is feminine.

A noun ending with any other letter means it is neither masculine or feminine, and so the "Le" word for "The" is used.

''Cueno es le depai tren? Jhores il nija nesitai fintrai et in il hora.''

Translation; "When is the next train? Because the girl needs to find it in the hour".

Jhores means Because in English, it is a mixture of two words, jhor= for, and es= is.

Jhora means Why in English, it's a mixture of the words, jhor= for, and ca= what.

Although "jhor-ca" is acceptable. The line separating jhor from ca is used to indicate to the reader that the phrase means "Why".

Pronouns
English - Isgalino

I- Mi

(Me does not exist in Isgalino, Mi means both I, and Me.)

He- Li

She- Shi

It- Et

They- Lis

We- Mis

You- Thi

You all/lot- This

Is there some kind of relation between the pronouns? You might ask. There in fact is. The relation is hard to explain in English because English or any other language simply doesn't use a relationship like this, but I will try to explain, once this relationship is understood the pronouns are very easy to understand.

For example, "Li" means "He", and so in Isgalino to say "They" we say "Lis", it literally translates in English as "Hes", literally a pluralization of "He". Why is "He" used when talking about something that has no particular gender? Well that is because in Isgalino masculine nouns etcetera are dominant.

The same thing happens with "We", in Isgalino "Mi" means "I" so to say "We" you would say "Mis" which literally translates in English as "I's", a pluralization of "I".

The same thing happens with "Thi", which means "You". So to pluralize "You" we say "This". Literally "You lot".

Although this concept is unusual and maybe slightly confusing at first when it is understood it makes the pronouns of Isgalino very simple and gives them a good relationship.

Possessive Pronouns
English - Isgalino

My- Mio

Your- Thio

His- Lio

Her- Shio

Our- Lios

You lot's- Thiso

Their- Liso

Its- Eto

The pronouns are the route, the "o" indicates possession. It also makes remembering them much easier.

Tense
Isgalino has its own way of expressing tense, past, present, future & present continuous(Usually used to express continuing, ongoing actions which are taking place at the moment of speaking or writing.)

Verbs in Isgalino always end in AI, this means the verb is in the present tense. Below is how to change the tense from just present to past, future and present continuous.

To make a verb the past tense in Isgalino we add OS to the end.

To make a verb the future tense in Isgalino we add AS to the end.

To make a verb a present continuing we add GO to the end.

For example, "Michael thought he had a problem running". This would be, "Michael pensaios li tenaios e problemo melicarinaigo".

In the sentence "pensai" is the verb "think" so the past tense is "os". "Melicarinai" is the verb "run" so to make Melicarinai present continuing we add "go".

=Dictionary= In Isgalino there is a smaller amount of vocabulary compared to other languages. This makes learning it much easier and reduces the amount of words needed to be learned.

To make something opposite we add "NI" to the front of the word. For example "Nibon". This means "Bad". If we actually breakdown the word it is easier to understand why it is like that. "Bon" means "Good", and so if "Ni" means opposite or not something then "Nibon" means "Not good/bad".

This basis works for many words in Isgalino, mainly adjectives & verbs. These adjectives are split from the Other languages' adjectives into Primary adjective and Secondary adjectives of Isgalino. For example Beautiful is a Primary adjective and Ugly is a Secondary adjective, as beautiful is more Prime or Original than Ugly. So to say Beautiful it is "Bwelo", so ugly is the adjective which is changed, so ugly is "Nibwelo".(Bear in mind this example is fairly difficult to possibly explain but I'll show you another easier more logical one.) Another example is Talk which is the Primary adjective, (Mainly primary adjectives are more important than Secondary adjectives or are louder, faster, or more beneficial.) Talk/Speak in Isgalino is "Saplai" so to say "Whisper" we would say "Nisaplai".

This same rule also concerns making something more something,"Meli" is the thing we use for this. For example we know if Saplai is talk then "Shout" is simply "Melisaplai". You can see an example of this in the sentence above, the one explaining tense, it says "Melicarinu", the "carinu" bit is Walk.

=Example text=

1) Le stano ruo servaios ad le lufo grio, bero le lufo no pensai de le stano, li carinaios niad.

2) Saluto, mio namo es Forsa. Mi livai in Isgalina, Valai De Hiros. Et es il sita prinsipal de Isgalina. Mi serai livaigo in Isgalina jhor desantrio anyos. Mi livaios in Portugalina jhor duo anyos, mi seraios natasai in Portugalina.

1) The red dog looked at the grey wolf, but the wolf didn't think about the dog, he walked away.

2) Hello, my name is Forsa. I live in Isgalina, "Valai De Hiros". It is the capital city of Isgalina. I have been living in Isgalina for thirteen years. I lived in Portugal for two years, I was born in Portugal.

Connectives
Isgalino - English

Con- With

Nicon- Without (Literally "Not with").

No- Not (E.g. Mi no sabai)

Ad- At

Niad- Away (Literally "Not at").

I (Written lower-case when not at the start of a sentence.) - And

Bero- But

O- Or

Jhores- Because

A- To

E- A

Mas- More

Nimas- Less

Es- Is

Et- Is

Le- The (Neutral, masculine)

Il- The (Feminine)

Who, what, when, where, why, etc.
English - Isgalino

Who- Cio

What- Cai

Which- Caia

When- Cueno

Where- Cuenai

Why- Jhora

This- Esa

That- Eso

There- Hia

Here- Hio

Phrases
English - Isgalino

Good morning- Bon mino

Good day- Bon dio

Good evening- Bon sentrai dio

Good night- Bon noto

Hello- Saluto

Goodbye- Nisaluto

Welcome- Bonsaluto

How are you- Como es thi?

Yes- Si (Also means "Always".)

No- Nisi

The fact that- Le feto eso

The thing is- Le coso es

In fact- In feto

Colours
English - Isgalino

Colour- Colero

White- Blanco (Also means "Blank".)

Grey- Grio

Black- Nero

Blue- Bluo (Also means "Sky".)

Red- Ruo

Green- Greno (Also means "Grass".)

Purple- Perplio

Yellow- Yelo

Numbers
Isgalino - English

Ono- One

Duo- Two

Trio- Three

Cuatro- Four

Fifo- Five

Seso- Six

Seto- Seven

Oto- Eight

Novo- Nine

Des- Ten

To say eleven in Isgalino we simply say "Desiono". Literally "ten and one". Des means ten, i means and, Ono means one. This pattern continues from 10 onwards until twenty, which is something else.

Food & Drink
Food and drink as a whole contains a large amounts of various nouns. Including animals, fruit, vegetable, and various drinks. In that case I will go over some of the things you'll need when talking about food and drink.

Meats/fish - Cinais/pes
English - Isgalino

Pork- Pigo (Literally "Pig".)

Beef- Cao (Literally "Cow".)

Bacon- Pigo thino (Literally "Thin pork".)

Chicken- Polo

Turkey- Terco

Fruits - Frutos
Apple- Aplo

Raspberry- Ruo bera

Blueberry- Bluo bera

Pear- Pera

Pineapple- Triaplo (Literally "Tree apple", Tree is "Tria".)

Orange- Oranca

Banana- Banana

Kiwi- Ciwi

Mango- Mango

Random food & Drink
English - Isgalino

Rice- Ris

Pasta- Pasta/Spaghetti- Spageti

Soup- Supa

Sausage- Salcho

Bread- Poma

Pasty- Pomo

Cake- Torto

Egg- Ovo

Milk- Lachai

Water- Agua

Juice- Juso

Flour- Florina

Sugar- Sugo

Salt- Sal

Pepper- Pepa

Oil- Oylo

Olive Oil- Oylo oliva

Pastry- Pastri

Professions (English - er, ist, cian.) (Isgalino - jo.)
English - Isgalino

Artist - Artaijo

Scientist - Siensaijo

Psychiatrist - Sicistraijo

Guitarist - Gutaraijo

Farmer - Granaijo

Musician - Musicaijo

Magician - Majicaijo

Physician - Sanaijo (Also Doctor)

Fisher - Pesaijo

(To make the professions above feminine you change the ending from "Jo" to "Ja".

Subjects
English - Isgalino

History- Historio

Geography- Jiografio

Technology- Tecnolojio

Information technology- Informaido tecnolojio

Philosophy- Filosofio

Society- Sosialo

Mathematics- Mataimatico

Art- Artai

Music- Musicai

Science- Siensai

Languages- Linguos

Countries & Nationality
English - Isgalino

In Isgalino countries end in "a". Nationality or language of a country end in "o".

For example; Mi serai Ingalino. (I am English).

Similarly to say that you speak English you say; Mi saplai Ingalino.

To say you're from England you say; Mi serai de Ingalina.

England- Ingalina

English - Ingalino

Portugal- Portugalina

Portuguese - Portugalino

America- America

American - Americo

Spain- Spanya

Spanish - Spanyo

France- Fransa

French - Franso

Italy- Italia

Italian - Italio

Germany- Germana

German - Germano

Household nouns
English - Isgalino

House- Casa

Door- Portelo

Window- Viza

Window ledge- Bordo viza

Shelf/ledge/rim/edge- Bordo

Carpet- Carpeto

Stairs- Esculatero(s)

Room- Chambo

Bedroom- Chambo de beda

Bathroom- Chambo de toleto

Front door- Portela fentrai

Back door- Portela nifentrai

Garage- Garajho

Garden- Gardena

Animals
Dog- Stano

Cat- Shato

Rabbit- Coneglo

Bird- Barelo

Bear- Obo

Butterfly- Farelo

Wolf- Lufo

Grey wolf- Lufo grio

Fox- Vulpo

Coyote- Coyoto

Squirrel- Dano

Parts of the body
English - Isgalino

Head- Hedo

Nose- Nazelo

Mouth- Bosha

Ear- Oydo

Eyes- Oco(s)

Teeth- Dento(s)

Hair- Capelo (Hair is classed as a singular noun when describing the hair of your head.)

Neck- Cola

Chest- Torso

Back- Nitorso

Leg- Lego

Knee- Gino

Foot- Pio

Toe- Piodedo

Arm- Bracho

Hand- Hando

Finger- Dedo

People
English - Isgalino

Man- Jo

Woman- Ja

Boy- Nijo

Girl- Nija

Father- Padro

Mother- Padra

Brother- Nipadro

Sister- Nipadra

Son- Dejo (Literally "Of man".)

Daughter- Deja (Feminine version of "Dejo".)

Adult- Adulto

Child/baby- Niadulto

Talking about yourself
Describing yourself, where you're from and where you live.

My name is --- (In Isgalino this phrase does exist but we simply say;) Mi serai --- (Which means I am.)

I am --- years old (In Isgalino we say something slightly different;) Mi serai ajo --- (Which means I am age ---)