Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang …

'''Constantly in development. It will change significantly. '''

JUST REDO IT, REDO IT ALLLLLLLLL ;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;-;

Writing System
Alphabet


 * A, B , C1 , D2 , E3 , F , G1 , H , I4 , J , K6 , L , M , N , O3 , P , QU , R , S2 , T , U4 , V , W6 , X , Y , Z , LL , GN , Ḥ |

/ a, b , k/ʃ , d~ð , e/ɛ , f , g , ∅ , i/j , ʒ , k , l , m , n , o , p , k , r , s , t , u/w , v , ks , i/j , z , ʒ , ɲ , ħ~χ / The above rules apply phonetically, not orthographically
 * 1) C/G are [ʃ/ʒ] before I, E, Y, J
 * 2) D/S are [ð/z] in between vowels
 * 3) E/O are [e/o] in unstressed open syllables and [ɛ] elsewhere
 * 4) I/U are [j/w] before other vowels
 * 5) K/W are only in loans

Digraphs and Diacritics
 * Ss ss - [s]
 * Il il, In in - [ʒ/ɲ] : finally
 * Ċ ċ, Ġ ġ - [ʃ/ʒ]
 * Gu gu - [g]
 * Ai ai, Ei ei, Oi oi, Ui ui - {ɛ ɛ we we i:}
 * Ae ae, Êi êi, Oa oa, Ua ua, Ea ea - {aɛ̯ i: oe̯ ue̯ e:}
 * Ay ay, Ey ey, Oy oy, Uy uy - {ɛj ɛj wej wej}
 * Ây ây, Êy êy, Eiy eiy - {ɛ:j i:j wej wej ɛ:j}

aw > o  | a:w > o:

ɛw > u  | e:w > ju:

ɔw > o  | o:w > u:

iw > ju | i:w > i:v

uw > u: | u:w > u:

ɛ:w > jo:

Vj : aj > ɛ  | a:j > aɛ  ! VjV : ajV > ɛjV  | a:jV > ɛ:jV

ɛj > ɛ  | e:j > i:          ɛjV > ɛjV  | e:jV > i:jV

ɔj > we | o:j > oe          ɔjV > wɛjV | o:jV > we:jV

uj > we | u:j > ue          ujV > wɛjV | u:jV > wi:jV

ɛ:j > e:                       ɛ:jV > ɛ:jV

History and Explination
Nomidian retains two cases: the subject and the genitive. Towards the middle ages, irregularities within most noun paradigms began regularizing to where the stem took over (pater would be patrus); another notable regularization was the application of the final -s as a plurality marker. Eventually, all cases became obsolete with only the genitive case remaining: the genitive in fact gained more use becoming the case for: possessive, compounds, honorifics / modifier nouns, and other relationships between two or more nouns (other than those determined by conjunctions).

Grammatical gender began simplifying early on. The masculine and neuter genders merged with the neuter being completely taken over by the masculine (with some exceptions to feminine). The difference therebetween also began simplifying to be more clear.

Examples

 * air [ɛr] mas. – farmland; ancestral land :::  AGER, AGRĪ 


 * air / airos
 * airi / airis
 * mîyo, -a [mi:jo, -a] mas. (fem) – friend :::  AMĪCUS, AMĪCĪ ( AMĪCA, AMĪCÆ )


 * mîyo / mîyos
 * mîya / mîyas
 * mîci / mîcis
 * mîce / mîces
 * ãmio [æ̃mjo] mas. – (w/ '"to have") a desire to do something [because of evidence or persuasion] :::  ANIMUS, ANIMĪ 


 * ãmio / ãmios
 * ãmi / ãmis
 * anmia [ãmja] fem. – soul, spirit; qi :::  ANIMA, ANIMÆ 


 * ãmia / ãmias
 * ãmie / ãmies
 * ava [ava] fem. – water :::  AQUA, AQUÆ 


 * ava / avas
 * ave / aves
 * tiéra [tjera] fem. – earth, land, ground :::  TERRA, TERRÆ 


 * tiera / tieras
 * tiere / tieres
 * cõsseillo [kõˈsɛʒo] mas. – plan; (w/ gen. indef.) advice, council :::  CŌNSILIUM, CŌNSILIĪ 


 * cõsseillo / cõsseillos
 * cõsseilli / cõsseillis
 * rêġ [re:ʒ] mas. – king, ruler :::  RĒX, RĒGIS 


 * rêġ / rêges
 * rêgi / rêgis
 * noat [noe̯t] fem. – night :::  NŌX, NOCTIS 


 * noat / noits
 * noyï / noyïs
 * îra [i:ra] fem. – (w/ "to have") bloodthirst, murderousness, ferocity :::  ĪRA, ĪRÆ 


 * îra / îras
 * îre / îres
 * nom [nɔ̃m] mas. – name :::  NŌMEN, NŌMINIS 


 * nõm / nõmos
 * nõmi / nõmis
 * sãi [sæ̃] mas. – blood :::  SANGUIS, SANGUINIS 


 * sãi / sãis
 * sãini / sãinis

Articles
Articles developed later on to define the grammatical number and nature of that number of the noun.

The definite comes from  ILLE . It represents specific nouns opposed to the noun in general (as in, "the cat" vs. "a cat").

The indefinite comes from  ŪNUS . It represents an unspecified one of the noun opposed to one in specific (as in, "a car" vs. "the car").

The partative comes from  DĒ + ILLE . It represents a part or a fraction of a noun opposed to a whole (as in, "some milk" vs. "the milk").

The universal comes from  ŪNQUAM . It represents the noun as a whole opposed to any one or more of the noun (as in, "houses" vs. "the houses"). The plural is just for agreement with the noun.

Adjectives
delas anom

History and Introduction
Adjectives became universally standardized (except for a couple defective ones which are majority loans). In essance, they followed the same path as nouns. Though, while adjectives like most romance languages did loose the morphological constructions of superlative and comparative.

Adverbs
Adjectives can be made into adjectives with two suffixes: __ from  MENTE ; and __ from  MODŌ . The former pertains to a state (quickly, rapidly, sadly), and the latter pertains to a method of doing the doing (fast, with speed, with sadness). If an adverb does not end in one of these two suffixes, it is a stand-alone adverbs which are those which are only adverbs (tomorrow, today, how).

Pronouns
Verbs

History and Introduction
Like nouns, verbs have been mainly standardized. The conjugation thereof has also changed dramatically. The perfect tenses and the passive tense have been dropped completely in terms of morphology (being replaced with paraphrastic phrases): instead, the perfect tenses were shown with the construction of  HABEŌ + past gerund ( HABEŌ in the given perfect tense); the passive was replaced with a syntactical construction (explained later under Passive). The imperfect tense fell out of use being replaced with the regular perfect tense which had changed meanings to the general past. The future tense had been replaced with the construction of infinitive + HABEŌ  (present tense). The conditional tense had been created with the construction of infinitive + HABEŌ  (imperfect tense).

The imperitive split into two tenses: the hortative and the imperitive. The imperitive only exists in the present within the second person: it means a command, a demand (not a suggestion). The hortative represents a whole tense which means suggestion which was formed by the construction verb + ĪRE  (it is considared an extension of the subjunctive present tense despite  ĪRE  being conjugated in the indicative present).

The subjunctive was expanded however. The subjunctive grew to mean an interrogative, potential, or optative depending on context (explained more under Subjunctive in Syntax). However, the morphology of the subjunctive remains underdeveloped. There are only three tenses, present, simple past, and hortative. The future tense is not morphological with the subjunctive, instead it is done with the future tense of esse and the gerund.

Only three nominal forms remain. The infinitve, from the old present infinitive, is simply a classifier form remaining to identify verbs. The gerund, from the old present participle, works as a verbial noun in the present tense. The passive participle, from the old accusative supine (aka, the perfect passive participle), is a gerundive form, or an adjectivial noun. The past gerund however is more complication: it comes from a non-latin form of the active perfect participle which is formed by putting the verb in its perfect stem then adding the suffix -tum to it with the theme vowel being elongated (ie. amō > amāvitum; moneō > monuītum; cadere > cecitum; dormiō > dormīvitum). It functions as both the past participle and as a verbial noun in the past tense.

Conjugation

 * jechre [ʒeʃe] - to be tr./aux.


 * Infinitive: jechre
 * Gerund: jechę̂
 * Past Gerund: fîdo
 * Passive Participle : jedo
 * ayer [ɛjer] - to have tr./aux.


 * Infinitive: ayer
 * Gerund: ayę̂
 * Past Gerund: ayîdo
 * Passive Participle: ato
 * find another […] - this would be the definition


 * Infinitive: -are
 * Gerund: -ą̂
 * Past Gerund: -âudo
 * Passive Participle: -ado
 * find another […] -


 * Infinitive: -re
 * Gerund: -ę̂
 * Past Gerund: -îdo (often irregular; non-palatalizing I)
 * Passive Participle: -to 
 * mogniere [moˈɲjere] - to remain; to stay; (refl.) to belong (with a) intr.


 * Infinitive: -iere (non-palatalizing I)
 * Gerund: -ę̂
 * Past Gerund: -îdo (palatalizing I)
 * Passive Participle: -to
 * drovire [dovire] - to sleep intr.


 * Infinitive: -īre
 * Gerund: -ię̂
 * Past Gerund: -îvdo  (non-palatalizing I)
 * Passive Participle: -îdo

Adverbs
look under Adjectives.

Sound Changes
Legend: C = consonant | V = vowel | ´ = stressed | ˆ = near-stress/secondary stress | ` = unstressed | % = intertonic vowel | O = open syllable |  Ɵ = closed syllable | $ = syllable | Ob. = obstruent | L = {w j r l}

Unless otherwise stated, vowel shifts include nasal vowels h > ∅ {aɪ oɪ} > {ɛ: i:} ʏ y > {ɪ i:} {ɪ̂ ɪ́ ʊ̂ ʊ́} > {e i o u} {ɛ e: ɔ o:}r > r_ s > h / _C, _# V{m n} > Ṽ kC > jC {ŋn nj} > ɲj / _V lj > ʎj / _V V̀% > ∅ ! {i u} jCV > jCjV Ci%C > CCj ; Cu%C > CCw {k g} > {tʃ dʒ} / _{i e} w > v Vh > V: {ɛ́ ɔ́} > {jé wó} ! Ṽ V: > V ! V̂ V: > V / _# ks > s / _# b > w / _C {b d g gʷ} > {v ð j ɣʷ} / V_(L)V {p t k kʷ} > {b d g k:ʷ} / V_(L)V {tʃ dʒ} > {ʃ ʒ} ɔ́ > a / Ɵ ! V: l > ʁ / _C, _# w > ∅ / C_ {ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ũ õ ɔ̃ ã} > {ɛ̃ ɛ̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ɔ̃ æ̃} ; {ĩ: ẽ: ɛ̃: ũ: õ: ã:} > {ẽ: ẽ: æ̃: õ: õ: æ̃:} {ɛ ɔ} > {e o} / Ò s > z / _V̀ p > h / _C {sr zr} > {ʃ ʒ} {v ð ɣʷ} > ∅ ! _C ʁ > χ C: > C ! V́_V Vw : aw > o | a:w > o:      ɛw > u  | e:w > ju: ɔw > o | o:w > u:      iw > ju | i:w > i:v uw > u: | u:w > u:               ɛ:w > jo: h > ħ / _C h > ∅ t > ∅ / _# V̀ > ∅ / #_ Vj : aj > ɛ | a:j > aɛ  '''! VjV :''' ajV > ɛjV | a:jV > ɛ:jV ɛj > ɛ | e:j > i:          ɛjV > ɛjV  | e:jV > i:jV ɔj > we | o:j > oe         ɔjV > wejV | o:jV > wejV uj > we | u:j > ue         ujV > wejV | u:jV > wejV ɛ:j > e:                      ɛ:jV > ɛ:jV j > ʒ / #_ ʎj > ʒ ħ > χ ? m > v / V_V C > C̥ / Ob. Cr > C / $̀ –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

VĒRITĀS NUMQUAM PERIT

                  truth never perishes

 ĪRE FORTITER QUŌ NĒMŌ ĪVIT

                   to bodly go where no one has gone before

 Lingua Latina pulchra est.

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