Horgóne

/xoɹg'one/

Consonants
Aspiration is written in the orthography with an 'h' next to the plosive (ph, th, ch). Voiceless velar plosives are written with 'c' and palatalizes to /c/ when in front of a front vowel, (i, e, y) as do their voiced counterparts. The letter 'h' applies to 'c' and 'g' in the same way; while in front of a front vowel it palatalizes (/ç/), and in front of a back vowel/open vowel it velarizes (/x/). Dental fricatives are written in the Germanic style (þ, ð). The glottal stop is an apostrophe, always between vowels. Where a 'k' appears it must be pronounced as such, i.e., as to not stray to palatalization when with a front vowel.

Vowels
Vowels that have glottalization can "stain" consonants that fall after it; making velars into uvulars, and others pharyngealized, and vowels after those become glottalized also (zôhobu = /zoˀ‎ħoˀ‎bu/ = he sent). Glottalized vowels occur in the eastern dialect, but in the west, they are simply long (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ȳ). -circumflex for glottalization-

Diphthongs
ei, ai, oi, ui, ue, ua æ̰ɸ͡ɬx͡hː

Grammar
Horgóne resembles a mix of Latin, Greek, and Arabic. Deriving noun and verb declensions/conjugations from Latin, the phonology and some of the grammar from Greek, and the root system from Arabic.

Nouns
Nouns are expressed in tri-consonantal root words that can relate phonetically to their verb roots (book is to read as song is to sing).

Cases
The suffixes for case must agree with the number and gender of the noun.

Pronouns
Since all verbs are marked for person, there are no nominative pronouns.

Demonstratives
Demonstratives all decline like nouns.

Verbs
Verbs fall into two categories of incorporating motion, where the object takes an Allative or Ablative (though can be any other case, if there is need for specifics), or verbs that occur in the mind (thinking, wanting, needing) that always take while in the first person a stem-like prefix yoï-. Thus yoïdeþánmu hûlué means Think harder. Stylistic uses of the prefix can be used with the other persons in fiction where perhaps telepathy is a factor.

Tense, Mood, and Aspect
In Horgóne there are three moods: Indicative, Subjunctive, and Imperative. For English constructions such as let's, the imperative mood is used with the first person plural.

Indicative
cepásnu ~ I have eaten.

cepónu ~ I had eaten.

cepýnu ~ I will have eaten.

cepénu ~ I am eating.

cepútnu ~ I was eating.

cépounnu ~ I will be eating.

cepólnu ~ I eat.

cepáznu ~ I used to eat.

cepcánu ~ I will (start to) eat.

Voice
Since voice is not conjugated, a pronoun of the same person and gender must take a number (not grammatical number) after it (person 1, person 2, person 3,) (not grammatical person); the number 2 (do) gets placed after a second pronoun of the same person. Example:

(These are not specific verb forms that Horgóne has, but would be what is translated from other languages that have these voices.)

Active

He hates him. --- Gôrólmu cu do.

Passive

He is hated by him. --- Gôrólmu cu do.

Reflexive

The deletion of the number two makes it reflexive because it is the same "he".

He hates himself. --- Gôrólmu cu.

Reciprocal

They hate each other. --- Gôrólmu cu do ta 'aiv. Literally He hates him and him also.

Clusivity
Inclusive: Ai cezebju. - We (you and me) are reading.

Exclusive: Cezebju. - We (him and I) are reading.

Adjectives
For the stem vól- (good).

Infinitive
The infinitive is formed by putting neutral vowels between the root consonants. bgz - bagaz - to walk

Gerundive
The gerundive form of verbs are made using the particle hù (grave accent used to differentiate from the third person masculine accusative pronoun) before the verb; meaning that which is, the imperative mood which is applied to the fourth person (one who must VERB), and of course the future tense.

Ceterum censeo Carthaginem delendam esse.

Yoïdeþému osi hù kyvógma'a carþaginy.

yoï-d(-e-)þ(-é-)m-u osi hù k(-y-)v(-óg-)m-a-'a carþagin-y.

{special}-R1-(1P)-R1-(PRST.,IMPRFCTV.,IND.)-R1-MASC. (also) (that which is) R2-4P-R2-(FUT.,PRFCTV.,IMP.)-R2-NEUT.-NOM. "Carthage"-ACC.

R1 = to think

R2 = to destroy

(I am thinking also that which must destroy must destroy Carthage.)

Numerals
â - one

do - two

teh - three

cats - four

ceni - five

sen - six

psŷh - seven

ocat - eight

wtun - nine

zisc - ten

â-zisc - eleven

do-zisc - twelve

...

vîgu - twenty

â-vîgu - twenty-one

do-vîgu - twenty-two

...

degw - thirty

â-degw - thirty-one

do-degw - thirty-two

...

catsah - forty

cenah - fifty

senah - sixty

psŷhah - seventy

ocatah - eighty

wtunah - ninety

âhwl - one hundred

Nouns
codah- - book (m.)

degad- - hand (m.)

huzag- - door (f.)

azugîb- - letter (f.)

egrapan- - food (m.)

cabam- - house (n.)

iklom- - fish (n.)

bihan- - party (f.)

kalaci- - shoe (f.)

énahar- - silver (f.)

uéscel- - gold (m.)

sabaman- - slave (n.)

îketil- - sheep (n.)

tanuh- - ox (m.)

imér- - donkey (m.)

aveloh- - theif (n.)

aþraf- - man (m.)

éthaf- - woman (f.)

sjóram- - tower (n.)

cehóm- - string (n.)

Verbs
czb - to read

hdh - to open

zhb - to send

cpn - to eat

dþm - to think

klg - to go

gbn - to have

bvn - to give

bgz - to walk

gjn - to bring

grm - to hate

glm - to sneak

hbl - to hold

lcg - to kill

gðm - to accept

vgm - to see

vgs - to walk

bls - to buy

hgn - to speak

bnm - to sit

dcl - to hit

vnb - to run

ghv - to destroy

Adjectives
vól- - good

hûl- - intense

cûn- - happy

bil- - lucky

psel- - big

pár- - small

lóst- - other

feut- - blue

chah- - red

vart- - green

zon- - yellow

mag- - brown

duar- - black

lac- - white

sêk- - long

Particles
ai - used to differentiate the formally conjugated verbs from the informal second person verbs, or to make the first person plural conjugated verbs inclusive.

hù - that which is

'o- - the

Questions
Yau hômébi du? --- She loves me?/Does she love me?

Yai hômébi du? --- Is it she that loves me?/She loves me?

Yam hômébi du? --- It is me that she loves?/She loves me?

Simple Translations
He sent me the book. --- ''Zôhobu 'o-cadáho 'ev. ~ Ζώηόμπου ώ-καντάηο εβ.''

Bring the books to the party. --- ''Gujógni 'o-cadáhoi 'o-bahánola. ~ Γουιόγκνι ώ-καντάηοι ώ-μπαηάνολα.''

They read at these beds. --- ''Côzóbju lýstus 'o-éðanus. ~ Κώζόμπιου λύστους ώ-έδανους.''