Alemarese

General Information
Alemarese (natively Alemarrix [al̪ɛmaˈʀiʃ]) is one of the most spoken languages of Patrona. It is the majority language in several nations (most notable Westos and Alemar) and taught as a lingua franca the world over.

Consonants

 * The interdental nasal /n/ and partially the alveolar flap /r/ assimilate to the place of articulation of the following consonant.
 * The interdental nasal /n/ is pronounced as a nasalized interdental flap [ɾ̪̃] in non-stressed and non-word-initial locations.
 * The velar nasal /ŋ/ doesn’t occur word-initially or morpheme-initially.
 * The uvular stop /q/ is pronounced as a glottal stop [ʔ] in the coda.
 * Whether or not /z/ is a separate consonant and its degree of separation from /s/ both differ from dialect to dialect.
 * The velar fricative is pronounced as a palatal [ç] after /i/ or /e/.
 * The labialized velar approximant /w/ has many origins and thus alternates with several other phonemes. It is the pronunciation of /v/ before back vowels, of /l/ in the coda, and of /u/ in many diphthongs.

Vowels

 * The close vowels /i/ and /u/ lower in response to a following /ŋ/, /k/, /g/, and /q/.
 * The front open vowel /a/ raises to [æ] before alveolar consonants in some dialects.
 * /a/ backs to [ɑ] when adjacent to a uvular stop [q].
 * Any two vowels can become rising or falling diphthongs (40 in total).

Stress
Stress is typically before the last consonant, unless said consonant is  or  ; however, stress is contrastive, and is thus marked in non-obvious locations by a grave accent.

Transliteration

 *  is pronounced /tʃ/ before front vowels.
 *  is pronounced /dʒ/ before front vowels.
 *  is pronounced /w/ before consonants.
 *  is pronounced /w/ before back vowels.

Digraphs

 * au /o/, ai /e/
 * cuF /k/F, ciB /tʃ/B, ct /tː/
 * guF /g/F, giB /dʒ/B
 * ng /ŋ/, /ndʒ/ before front vowels
 * rr /ʀ/
 * sp /ʃp/, st /ʃt/
 * veB /v/B, vuF /w/F

Nouns
ex. octa "tongue, language, speech"

Inanimate III nouns typically end in a stressed syllable in the nominative singular. The addition of the endings bring about predictable alternations of certain final consonants. * unstressed

Few nouns are irregular, and if a noun is irregular, it is very predictable. For example, nouns ending in -ea or -aya in the singular become -eye and -ae in the plural. An example of a truly irregular noun is oai "cloud".

Verbs
There are four conjugation classes based on four thematic vowels: a, e, u, and o.

Nonpast tense
-a verbs -e verbs -u verbs -o verbs emoc -to be

Recent tense
Thematic vowel + the following suffixes (stressed on the thematic vowel except in the 3p).

-a and -e verbs

-u and -o verbs

Indirect remote tense
Thematic vowel + the following suffixes (stressed on the thematic vowel except in the 3p).

Eventive tense
Thematic vowel + the following suffixes (stressed on the thematic vowel except in the 3p).

Future
The future is indicated by an auxiliary/particle "jre", which is placed before a conjugated verb, and also conjugated itself in the nonpast tense, but left unconjugated if the main verb leaves the nonpast future.


 * ex. Jri odi lun "I will give it",


 * jrec odac lun "you will give it";
 * however, seo jre odara lun "I was going to give it".

Numbers
Though Patronans have ten fingers in total, the most common base is 8 (octal) which was spread by Alemarese and Barejine-speakers across most of Patrona. Typically, fingercounting starts with the thumbs out, the first finger being the index, etc.
 * Ordinals are formed with <-me>. One and two have suppletive forms (veit and drezip).
 * Fractions are formed with <-aj>. Half is suppletive and quarter is irregular (foli and meraj).
 * In both, only the last word of the number receives the ending. If the last word in a fraction is "one" (e. g. 21) then it is rendered as veit.

Colors
Patronans can't see blue, so they have no need of words to distinguish it, greatly shrinking their color vocabulary.
 * cindi [ˈtʃindi]: dark red, purple
 * god [ˈgɔd]: light red, pink, orange
 * plauve [ˈpl̪ɔvɛ]: white, yellow
 * xab [ˈʃab]: light green, chartreuse, cyan
 * varze [ˈwaɾzɛ]: dark green, teal
 * eriti [ɛˈɾit̪i]: black, blue
 * hoici [ˈɔjtʃi]: gray, brown

Days of the Week
The Patronan week is typically only six days long.
 * 1) deruax- Sunday
 * 2) lameax- Lameaday
 * 3) cavecax- Cavecday
 * 4) veverax- Veverday
 * 5) mindax- big Moonday
 * 6) jiliax- little Moonday