Ing

Ing is English that is heavily inspired by Chinese. But it has as free of a word order as the user wishes, despite it being an isolating language. English, in terms of frequency, uses more monosyllabic words than Chinese and Ing increases that number all while restricting the number of consonants that come at its coda, the end of a word.

Phonotactics
Ing eliminates most consonants at the ends of syllables by using this system:

+w, +'short vowel', +j; +f/v, +s/z, +ʃ/ʒ ⇒ mid or level tone [ - ]

+p, +t, +k; +h, +r, +l ⇒ high or rising tone [ ' ]

+b, +d, +g; +m, +n, +ŋ ⇒ low or falling tone [ ` ]; [=]?

+w; +p; +b ⇒ +w

+short vowel; +t; +d ⇒ +zero coda, ending

+j; +k; +g ⇒ +j

+f/v; +l; +m ⇒ +m

+s/z, +r; +n ⇒ +n

+ʃ/ʒ; +h, +ŋ⇒ +ŋ

(+l and +r are used randomly to avoid homophones and just to add variety.)

The last consonant of a consonant cluster is kept, meaning a few codas do in consonants that aren't resonants (vowel, /w j/, /m n ŋ/, / l r/). That last consonant may be dropped, if an homophone is not created, or one that is not overly ambiguous. Resonant cluster codas are permissible, but Ing prefers that the most frequently used words have a single resonant coda.

An initial consonant cluster with +l+ and +r+ may be kept. These may have a consonant before them that is not normally found with them initially in English. These are to create monosyllabic words for meanings that do not have an acceptable English equivalent.

For any other initial consonant clusters, an alternative is found that follows the single initial or +l+/+r+ cluster phonotactic pattern.

Grammar
The head has the strongest stress, the modifier has a moderate stress and the noncontent words have the weakest. (In writing: Strong stress has the tone before the vowel, moderate stress has it before the initial consonant and weak stress either receives no tone or has the tone marker after the vowel.)

To allow the maximum of word order freedom with the least amount of grammar:

The only case is Direct Object.

- vi - The modifier (adjective or adverb) is optionally marked when it is before its head (noun or verb), but - v - must be marked when it follows its head. It has a different, but related, morpheme.

The verb phrase should carry a modal verb if the user wishes to mark it as different from the movable nouns.

Lexicon
Ing prefers the most frequent words to not have a consonant coda or cluster, so it has either dropped them or found a replacement word.

Writing - Place the tone before the vowel to mark the extra stress that a Head receives - Place it before the initial consonant, instead, to mark the stress of the Modifier. - Place it between resonants (doubling the vowel if a /w j/, /m n ŋ/, / l r/ does not follow the single vowel) to modify the word through the addition of tone. Mid/Level - more or less neutral; High/Rising - more positive, stronger, etc., than the words usual interpretation; Low/Falling - more negative, weaker, etc., than its usual interpretation. This makes all resonants into syllables in their own right. Even fricatives (/v f z s ʒ ʃ/) can be made into syllables. - Placing a tone mark after the last of the coda, Extending the modification by tone, is also an option.

Writing - Those initial consonants without a following vowel written represents the schwa.