Umbrean/Lessons/20 Modality

Modality expresses the necessity and possibility of things, here we will go through how they are formed.


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!rowspan="2"| Name ! colspan=1| Umbrean ! colspan=3| English !width="120" colspan="1"| Verb form !width="100"| Past !width="100"| Present !width="100"| Future !Ability/Availability !Requests !Permission !Possibility !Impossibility !Advisability !Expectation !Necessity !Lack of Necessity !Prohibition !Logical Deduction
 * Abilative
 * could, was/were able to
 * can, am/is/are able to
 * will be able to
 * rowspan="2"|Permissative
 * colspan="2"|can, could, will, would
 * colspan="2"|can, could, will, would
 * could, was/were allowed to
 * may, can, could, am/is/are allowed to
 * will be allowed to
 * Possibilative
 * may have, might have, could have
 * colspan="2"|may, might, could
 * Possibilative + Negation
 * couldn’t have
 * colspan="2"|couldn’t, can’t
 * Advisabilative
 * should have, ought to have, had better have
 * colspan="2"|should, ought to, had better
 * colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Gerundive
 * should have, ought to have
 * colspan="2"|should, ought to
 * had to
 * must, have to, has to
 * will have to
 * Gerundive + Negation
 * didn’t have to
 * don’t have to, doesn’t have to
 * won’t have to
 * Prohobatative
 * could not
 * colspan="2"|must not, may not, cannot
 * Gerundive
 * must have, have to have, has to have
 * must, have to, has to
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The method which is used is on the chart to the right with English equivalence and examples to the left, the tense/aspect is done like normally in Umbrean verbs

to form modality of various sorts one uses a copula or a do verb along with the Verb form as mentioned on the side to turn the verb into adjective or noun and then modifies it. Let's give examples below.

Enathtjioyömööluth means "I must sit" or more literally "I am in a temporary state of having to sit". When applied in passive form one treats it simply as an adjective trying to be predicative form.

Novügnu döndikwuu nüëlömööluth means "I must punch the tooth" or more literally it means that you must do it so the tooth is in a must state of being punched. With transitive one uses the same transformation on the main verb but uses it as an adjective (though lacking the declensions of real adjectives) and uses Nüël, which means similar to "do", and it is used like a normal verb


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