Kostish

General Information
Efhonisk (Eng. Evanish) is a mostly West-Germanic language, extremely related to Old English, with some borrowings from North-Germanic. 'Tis mostly an experiment I'm making, where the language is purely from one lineage, which in this case happens to be Germanic. The language can also be written in the Elder Futhark. At the moment, Efhonisk is being constructed carefully and for the most part grammar is being worked out, along with prefixes and suffixes to be used in compound words that are in place of Romance words.

Alphabet
There are two alphabets, one being the a modified Latin alphabet, the other is the Elder Futhark.
 * F, U, Þ, A, R, K, G, W, H, N, I, J, Y, P, Z, S, T, B, E, M, L, X, D, O
 * f, u, þ, a, e, k, g, w, h, n, i, j, y, p, z, s, t, b, e, m, l, x, d, o

Pronouns
Note that pronouns are already declined for case.

Sentence Structures
Declarative sentences are Subject-Object-Verb and end with a period. Imperative sentences are Object-Verb with the implied subject of second person singular or, if specified, second person plural and end with a period. Interrogative sentences are Verb-Subject-Object and end with a question mark. Exclamatory sentences are Subject-Object-Verb and end in an exclamation point.

Articles
Articles in Efhonisk come before all nouns except names and infinitives.

Negation
"ne" is added before the verb, that is all.

Verb Conjugation
First off, an infinitive follows this format: "Stem" + "an", and they are never declined in a sentence. For example: "kunifan " means "to knife". An infinitive will never omit the word "for" as in "this is good for drinking" with the bare infinitive "this is good to drink" and thus becomes "this is good for to drink "(which is the same as the gerund; drinking).

Participles
They are written before the noun and add "-en", "-ind", and "-so" for past, present, and future respectively. Example: Take the word "to break", the word for the simple past tense is "broke" while the past participle is "broken". Efhonisk models all its past participles in this way, using "-en". Take "brekan" for example, which means "to break". If you're writing simple past and write "Se breken manna..." you would be saying "The (who was broke)/(broken) man..." but if you write "Se manna breked..." you would say "the man broke..." and it is becomes simple past.

Adjectives
They generally end in -isk. Positive adjectives add nothing, Comparative adjectives add an -ir, superlative adjectives add an -ist. Adjectives are never written post-positively. An attributive adjective is one that comes before the word it describes. In this example "foreign" modifies the word "man": Predicative Adjectives are used with the verb "boan" meaning "to be". An example: "The man will be foreign " would be written "Se manna boel walisk ". For comparative and superlative, see above.
 * The positive case "The foreign man spoke." would be written "Se walisk manna spreked"
 * The comparative case for foreign, " more foreign ", would be written "Se waliskir manna spreked"
 * The superlative, " most foreign " is written "Se waliskist manna spreked".

Adverbs
They generally end in -lik. The grammar is the same as adjectives.

Never post-positively
Adjectives and Adverbs cannot be written post-positively, that is, they never follow nouns. An example of post-positive in English would be "tell me something interesting " would have to be written in Efhonisk as "tell to me an interesting something", note that an article (an) is used, articles must follow every noun and pronouns with the exception of names(and infinitives).

B

 * boan - to be


 * brannan - to kindle/ignite/set fire to


 * brekan - to break/shatter/burst/destroy

D

 * donan - to finish/complete (not to be confused with endean which may mean the plan was stopped before being completed)

E

 * endean - to end/discontinue


 * etan - to eat/consume

F

 * furstandan - to understand


 * fulgan - to follow


 * fyllan - to completely fill/ completely replenish/ completely restock to the maximum

G

 * gabindan - to combine


 * gaderan - to gather/unite


 * gasekan - to compare


 * gemunan - to remember/recall

H

 * hafan - have (only in the sense of possess)/own


 * haldan - to take care of/watch over

K

 * kunifan - to knife (stab with a knife)


 * kunoewan - to know

L

 * letan - to allow


 * lifan - to live


 * loftan - to raise/lift

M

 * mundan - to think

N

 * neman - to take

R

 * rekonan - to reason/figure out/reckon

S

 * sagan - to say [the words...](different from spreekan which refers not to words but the action of talking itself)


 * sekan - to seek/search for/look for


 * skafan - to shave/polish


 * skowan - to show/reveal


 * sprekan - to talk


 * standan - to stand

T

 * taekan - to take in/absorb


 * tallan - to count/calculate


 * tellan - to recount/narrate

W

 * wandran - to walk/wander


 * wendan - to proceed/go(only in the sense of walk towards)


 * willan - to want/wish/ will for


 * windan - to turn/twist

Thorn

 * þankan - to thank/give thanks