User:K1234567890y/temp/Sgen language

Phonology of Sgen language
Syllable structure:(C)V

Alphabets
The sgen language used to be a language without writting system ,in about 120 years ago, A writting system based on Latin alphabets was founded, that's the writting system of the sgen language nowadays.


 * A - /&#593;//&#594;//&#652;//&#596;/
 * E - /&#603;/
 * GH - /&#611;//&#609;//&#331;//&#624;/
 * I - /&#618;/
 * K - /k/
 * M - /m//b//&#946;/
 * O - /o//&#612;//&#650;/
 * P - /p/
 * R - /&#638;//l//n//d/
 * T - /t//ts//s/

Note: "aa", "ee", "ii", and "oo" are not long vowels of "a", "e", "i", and "o", "aa", "ee", "ii", and "oo" should be pronounced separately e.g. "ee" is frequently pronounced as /&#603; &#603;/, not /&#603;&#720;/ or /e&#720;/

Vowel mutation
If vowels of the stem of a word are front vowels, the vowels of affixes change into front vowels; If vowels of the stem of a word are back vowels, the vowels of affixes change into back vowels. The mutation of vowels are shown below:


 * o(close-mid back vowels or near-close back vowels)<->i(near-close front vowels)
 * a(Open-mid back vowels or open back vowels)<->e(Open-mid front vowels)

besides, there's an alternation between a and o in some affixes, but this process is basically obsolete

example:
 * rakataka(person/human) --> rakataka-ro(to the person)
 * ikeremi(child) --> ikeremi-ri(to the child)
 * rakataka(person/human) + teriki(land) --> rakataka-taroko(Homeland of Sgen people)

Grammar
The sgen language is a verb-last language, its word order is basically SOV(the OSV order is also common).


 * Noun inflections:
 * Cases:
 * Nominative:-ma/me
 * Genitive:-ta/te
 * Dative:-ro/ri
 * Accusative:-mo/mi
 * Benefactive:-gha/ghe
 * Instrumental:-gho/ghi
 * Locative:-to/ti
 * Ablative:-ra/re
 * Other inflections(put before cases):
 * noun dual:-po/pi-
 * noun plural:-pa/pe-


 * Verb inflections:
 * present/infinitive:-paro/peri
 * past:-poka/pike
 * progressive:-roka/rike
 * perfect:-ghata/ghete
 * question maker(put after tenses):-kagha/keghe
 * negation(put after tenses, before question maker):-pamo/pemi
 * optative(=hope and wish ,put after tenses, before question maker):-ghomo/ghimi


 * adjective:-ta/te
 * dependent clause ender:-maro/meri

words
This is only a part of the words, the complete word list is under construction.

Other words
All the words here follows the sentence, and the sentence they precede shoud be ended with the dependent clause ender:


 * And:a
 * Or:e
 * If:i
 * Then:mepi
 * Because:ka
 * So;therefore:ta
 * before(used with dative nouns also):pie
 * after(used with dative nouns also):pa
 * when(not pronoun); as soon as:apo

Numbers

 * one:mo
 * two:pi
 * 1) three:pepi
 * 2) four:emi
 * 3) five:poka
 * 4) (six:mopokapao(1+5); pokamopao(5+1))
 * 5) (seven:pipikepei(2+5, vowel mutation); pokapopao(5+2, vowel mutation))
 * 6) (eight:piemi(2*4, vowel mutation); pokapapopao(5+3, vowel mutation); pepipikepei(3+5, vowel mutation))
 * 7) (nine:taamopoa(10-1, vowel mutation); emipikepei(4+5, vowel mutation); pokaamopao(5+4, vowel mutation))
 * ten:taa
 * hundred:kaamaa
 * plus:pao
 * minus:pie
 * -th:-ata/-ete

Pronouns

 * 1) Relative clause starter(mie means the noun that the relative-clause-sentence modifies): mie
 * 2) Imprative pronoun:ikie
 * 3) Here:iki
 * 4) There:aghako
 * 5) When:mamo
 * 6) Where:magho
 * Who:mato
 * 1) What:mepe
 * 2) Which:mata
 * Why:meghe
 * How:meite
 * 1) How many:meti

Nouns

 * Sun:akapo
 * 1) Moon:metimi
 * 2) Star:aghatara
 * 3) Light:ghamaro
 * Sky:terike
 * 1) cloud:pakaro
 * Fog:ghotagha
 * 1) Smoke:emitiki
 * 2) Wind:ghotoa
 * 3) rain:remie
 * 4) snow:temikeghe
 * day:erimi
 * 1) night:mataro
 * 2) daytime:tomagha
 * 3) Mountain:pakata
 * 4) hill:epikiteme
 * 5) cliff:keiri
 * 6) valley:komora
 * 7) canyon:mieri
 * 8) river:erime
 * sea:ghatarao
 * 1) stone;rock:kikitiri
 * 2) water:aghaka
 * 3) fire:oghoko
 * 4) soil;mud:mataroa
 * 5) land:teriki
 * 6) island:atomora
 * 7) person;human:rakataka
 * 8) head:toamo
 * 9) forehead:epei
 * 10) hair:arao
 * 11) face:mekemi
 * eye:akamoro
 * 1) eyebrow:memie
 * 2) eyelid:petei
 * ear:oghoro
 * 1) nose:amataro
 * 2) mouth:kemepi
 * lip:iripie
 * 1) tongue:pemipiteke
 * 2) tooth:rekiki
 * 3) cheek:kataro
 * 4) chin:emetime
 * 5) neck:poropo
 * 6) body:temitemi
 * 7) shoulder:kemiiti
 * Arm:emirime
 * 1) Elbow:korokoro
 * 2) wrist:omoma
 * 3) hand:ghatoa
 * 4) finger:tikimie
 * 5) fingernail:maghaka
 * 6) breast:peghemi
 * 7) waist:aora
 * 8) back:paroaka
 * leg:kerime
 * 1) knee:tikemei
 * 2) foot:komotoa
 * toe:komotoatokomoa
 * 1) Ankle:ghaota
 * 2) heel:kekemei
 * 3) skin;treebark;peel:perieteke
 * 4) muscule;meat:rokatoma
 * 5) bone:kagha
 * man:amaraka
 * 1) woman:omoroko
 * 2) child:ikeremi
 * 3) Plant:eghepie
 * 4) Forest:moratagha
 * 5) Tree:toromako
 * 6) Grass:paratara
 * 7) Fern:ieiere
 * 8) Stem;trunk;pillar:kakamao
 * 9) root:kamaroto
 * 10) branch:kikitimi
 * 11) leaf:epemei
 * 12) flower:ghamaroto
 * 13) Fruit:komaratama
 * 14) Homeland of the sgens:rakatakataroko
 * 15) East:takoromoa
 * 16) West:opoata
 * 17) North:ipeekere
 * 18) South:etii
 * 19) Center:opamaotaa
 * 20) Town; City:ekipeeme
 * 21) House:oamaara
 * 22) Farm:ikeri

Verbs

 * 1) To be:kiemeperi
 * 2) To be(place)/come/go:ghoroparo
 * 3) To move:maghaoparo
 * 4) To act:akaaparo
 * 5) To walk:rooparo
 * 6) To climb:pemekiperi
 * 7) To crawl:amapaparo
 * 8) To jump; to hop:piiemeperi
 * 9) To lie:tamaraparo
 * 10) To fight:kapataparo
 * 11) To attack:itekeeperi
 * 12) To defend; to protect:amaporoparo
 * 13) To hit; to punch:teteiperi
 * 14) To throw:toghomaparo
 * 15) To get/to receive:tokoraparo
 * 16) To give:ghepieperi
 * 17) To keep:emeriperi
 * 18) To become:amaghaparo
 * 19) To change; to transform:atapamaghaparo(make become)
 * 20) To do:komaoparo
 * 21) To make:marakoaparo
 * 22) To eat; to drink:eremeperi
 * 23) To put:eghetiperi
 * 24) To seem; to feel:mokaraparo
 * 25) To take:ragaghaparo
 * 26) To have:taomaparo
 * 27) To say:torapaparo
 * 28) To speak:repemiperi
 * 29) To think:timepimeperi
 * 30) To learn:ghepeiperi
 * 31) To teach:amaoparo
 * 32) To see:tiemeperi
 * 33) To look:ghotoamaparo
 * 34) To hear:gharaparo
 * 35) To smell:eghemaperi
 * 36) To send:kepeireperi
 * 37) To need:mekeriperi
 * 38) To die:temikeperi
 * 39) To kill:tetepemikeperi(make die)
 * 40) To live:okomaparo
 * 41) To sleep:toramoparo
 * 42) To open:apamoraparo
 * 43) To close:ghepemireperi
 * 44) To plus; to add; to increase:paoparo
 * 45) To minus; to delete; to decrease:pieperi
 * 46) To fear; to be afraid of:apamaoparo


 * Verb causative:-tapa/tepe-(add between the 1st syllable and the 2nd syllable)

Adjectives/Adverbs

 * 1) Good:amatota
 * bad:eiremete
 * 1) great:amorakorota
 * 2) large:tamotarota
 * 3) small:oamota
 * 4) long:omoaota
 * 5) short:tikiite
 * 6) high:akoghomata
 * low:ghokomarota
 * new:temierite
 * old:oraparata
 * 1) young:amopaghata
 * 2) elder:eriperete
 * 3) heavy:komatakota
 * 4) unheavy:taropakota
 * 5) thick:aghomamata
 * 6) unthick:ighemiemete
 * 7) wide:ghamaorokota
 * 8) narrow:meitirete
 * 9) deep:tiemeriete
 * 10) Shallow:emeterikete
 * 11) straight:rikemete
 * 12) bent:ghoamataramata
 * 13) smooth:omogharata
 * 14) rough:iekikite
 * 15) sticky:tietiemete
 * 16) soft:aghaomata
 * 17) hard:ekitipete
 * 18) sharp:ririkite
 * 19) round:oghomota
 * 20) warm:ghamarata
 * ill:terekirimete
 * 1) normal:iekerete
 * 2) special:teperite
 * 3) strange:otakaopata
 * 4) regular:riekirite
 * 5) common:kokomata
 * 6) same:tomatomata
 * 7) opposite:opaata
 * 8) equal:akoata
 * 9) complex:kamaghata
 * 10) simple:erimiete
 * 11) true:iemete
 * 12) false:oagharoata
 * 13) complete:kororota
 * 14) white:aghamaghata
 * 15) grey:emitiriite
 * 16) black:gherite
 * red:raomata
 * 1) yellow:oamata
 * 2) blue:aoata
 * 3) green:romota
 * 4) some:kete
 * 5) many:rota
 * few:paota
 * all:raota
 * 1) none; zero:meipete
 * 2) other:taarata

Example phrases

 * Example 1:
 * A: "pite-me magho-ra ghoro-paro-kagha?"
 * Translation: A: "Where do you come from?"
 * B: "ako-ma rakatakataroko-ra ghoro-paro."
 * Translation: B: "I come from Rakatakataroko."
 * "rakatakataroko" means the homeland of the sgens.
 * Example 2:
 * "ikie-me arapa-mo ghotoama-paro-pamo!"
 * Translation: "Don't look at that!"
 * Example 3:
 * "mie-ti ikeremi-pi-mi tetepemike-pike-meri oamaara-ro ako-ma ghoro-roka."
 * Translation:"I'm going to the house where two children were killed."