Martian Creole

Martian Creole (/maɾ'sean kɾi'ol/; Martian Creole: marsean kriol) commonly referred to as simply Martian, is a lingua franca virtually spoken by all the citizens of the Republic of Mars (Expansion of Humanity universe) and it is also the sole official language.

The language emerged from the contact between the colonists from all over Terra who developed a language who could be used and easily understood by everybody. The usage of the language is present in all public administrations and also education. The language is spreading onto the universe as the Martians are performing the space colonization in the name of humanity. The language is not mutually intelligible with any other language but English speakers may recognize some words due to similarities in the vocabulary, not in the spelling or grammar.

It it said that this creole language combines characteristics of Turkic grammar, Spanish phonology and English vocabulary, officially using the Latin alphabet but it is planned to adopt the neutral Musa alphabet before year 2425. But in the practice, another scripts are used as Cyrillic, Katakana, Hiragana, Devanagari and the Arabic script according to the user cultural background.

Orthography
Martian Creole has a phonemic orthography with highly regular spelling. According to the official standardized orthography, Martian Creole is composed of the following 23 symbols: ⟨a⟩, ⟨b⟩, ⟨c⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩, ⟨g⟩, ⟨h⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨j⟩, ⟨k⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨p⟩, ⟨r⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨t⟩, ⟨u⟩, ⟨v⟩, ⟨y⟩ and ⟨z⟩, the same as the basic Latin alphabet but without ⟨q⟩, ⟨w⟩, ⟨x⟩ and diacritics.

Consonants

 * The allophones [β̞], [ð̞] and [ɣ̞] represent approximants of /B, D, G/ that only occurs between vowels.
 * /b/, /d/ and /g/ are approximants in all positions except after a stop or a nasal consonant.
 * [j] and [w] are semivowels or non-syllabic vowel allophones.
 * Nasal phonemes /m/ and /n/ become neutralized in the final position of a syllable, assimilating to the next consonant. Allophones in which they are neutralized will depend on the point of articulation of the next consonant.
 * Before bilabial the allophone will be [m].
 * Before labio-dental the allophone will be [ɱ].
 * Before alveolar or absolute final pause the allophone will be [n].
 * Before palatal the allophone will be [ɲ].
 * Before velar the allophone will be [ŋ].

Vowels
Martian Creole has five vowels, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/ and /a/, occuring in both stressed and unstressed syllables. There are no long vowels. Vowels are nasalized when they are before a nasal consonant.

Diphthongs
Martian Creole has the following possible diphthongs: /aj/, /aw/, /ej/, /ew/, /ja/, /je/, /jo/, /ju/, /oj/, /ow/, /uj/, /wa/, /we/, /wi/, /wo/.

Prosody
Martian Creole is a syllable-timed language. Stress occurs mostly in the next-to-last syllable but sometimes in the last syllable depending on the ending of each word. Stress is not marked with diacritics.

Phonotactics
Martian Creole syllable structure can be summarized as follows; parentheses enclose optional components: Martian Creole syllable structure consists of an optional syllable onset, consisting of one or two consonants; an obligatory syllable nucleus, consisting of a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, consisting of one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:
 * (C1 (C2)) (S1) V (S2) (C3 (C4))
 * Onset
 * First consonant (C1): Can be any consonant.
 * Second consonant (C2): if the first consonant is a stop /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ/ or a voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, a second consonant, always a liquid /l, r/, is permitted. Exceptions: /dl/ and /tl/.
 * Nucleus
 * Semivowel (S1)
 * Vowel (V)
 * Semivowel (S2)
 * Coda
 * First consonant (C3): Can be any consonant.
 * Second consonant (C4): When existing, /s/.

Because of the phonotactic constraints, an epenthetic /e/ is inserted before word-initial clusters beginning with /s/.

Writing System
Martian Creole is written in the Latin script, without the letters: ⟨q⟩, ⟨w⟩ and ⟨x⟩. This language does not use digraphs are diacritics and it will be planned to adopt the Musa alphabet officially no later than 2425.

Thus, the Martian Creole alphabet has the following letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, Y, Z.

The pronounciation can be entirely determined by the spelling, but there is also the presence of allophones.

Grammar
Martian Creole is highly agglutinative, in that much of the grammar is expressed by means of prefixes and suffixes added to nouns and verbs. But its grammar is highly regular, sometimes is compared with Turkish language. For example, abhavses "from the houses" can be analized as ab- (ablative prefix, meaning "from"), havs "house" and -es (plural suffix); govendaj "I am going" as gov "go", -end (present continuous tense) and -aj (1st person singular = "I").

Verbs have six grammatical persons (three singular and three plural), various voices (active and passive, reflexive, reciprocal, and causative), and a large number of grammatical tenses. Meanings such as "not", "be able", "must" and "if", which are expressed as separate words in most European languages, are usually expressed with verbal suffixes in Martian Creole.

Prefixes
Martian Creole prefixes are used in nouns to express grammatical case, it is not exactly a declension but a prefix attachment. When combined with proper names, the capitalization of the proper name is kept. Example: onsMars "of Mars". When complementing a noun, adjective are used as prefixes of the nouns. Example: bluhavs "blue house".
 * Accusative: i- (it- when the noun begins with i). Example: Aj gifendo ihavs atfader "I am giving the house to father".
 * Ablative: ab-. Example: abhavs "from the house".
 * Dative/Lative: at-. Example: athavs "to the house".
 * Genitive: ons-. Example: onshavs "of the house".
 * Locative: in-. Example: inhavs "in/inside the house".

Suffixes
Suffixes are more common and they are added to nouns, adjectives and verbs.
 * Derivational:
 * Adverb-forming: -men. Example: estronmen "strongly" (from estron "strong").
 * Adjective-forming:
 * Comitative: -kun. Example: kolorkun "colourful".
 * Demonyms: -an. Example: marsean "Martian" (from Marse "Mars")
 * Privative: -sin. Example sugarsin "sugarless".
 * From nouns: -en. Example: cajled "childish" (from cajl "child").
 * From verbs: -ed. Example: dajed "dead" (from daj "to die").
 * Noun-forming: -ez. Example: flajez "flight" (from flaj "to fly"). But for functions, occupations or professions -ar is used, as in plejar "player" (from plej "to play").
 * Verb-forming: see Verbs, below.
 * For nouns:
 * Plural: -es. Examples: havses "houses".
 * Possessive (always in the last position):
 * 1st person singular: -mi. Example: havsmi "my house".
 * 2nd person singular: -tu. Example: havstu "your house".
 * 3rd person singular: -ki. Example: havsli "his/her/its house".
 * 1st person plural: -no. Example: havsno "our house".
 * 2nd person plural: -bo. Example: havsbo "your house".
 * 3rd person plural: -po. Example: havspo "their house".
 * For verbs:
 * Verb tenses, always before a personal conjugation suffix:
 * Infinitive: no suffix, just the verb stem. Example: gov "to go".
 * Present simple: only the personal conjugation suffix (see below). Example: govaj "I go".
 * Present continuous: -end. Example: govendaj "I am going".
 * Past continuous: -ind. Example: govindaj "I was going".
 * Past simple: -d. Example: govdaj "I went".
 * Future continuous: -rs. Example: govrsaj'' "I will be going".
 * Future simple: -r. Example: govraj "I will go".
 * Negative (always after the verb stem): -no. Example: govno "not to go".
 * Personal conjugation (always in the last position, can be used for verbs and nouns):
 * 1st person singular: -aj. Example: govaj "I go".
 * 2nd person singular: -as. Example: govas "you go".
 * 3rd person singular: -a. Example: gova "he/she/it goes".
 * 1st person plural: -ajes. Example: govajes "we go".
 * 2nd person plural: -ases. Example: govases "you (all/guys) go".
 * 3rd person plural: -aes. Example: govaes "they go".

Gender
Martian Creole is a gender-neutral language. The English third-person singular pronouns she, he, and it all correspond to a single pronoun, er.

Nouns
Martian Creole nouns have no gender, but nouns can be complemented by prefixes and suffixes following a strict order. Analysing the word abbluhavsesmi ("from my blue houses") we can know the correct order of the suffixes attached to Martian Creole nouns:
 * Case prefix: ab- (ablative case prefix, meaning "from").
 * Adjective: ''blu- (meaning "blue").
 * Noun stem: havs (meaning "house").
 * Plural suffix: -es.
 * Possessive suffix: -mi (meaning "my").

Case
Martian Creole attaches case prefixes to the noun stems.

The ablative case tells whence, that is, the place from which (or through which), hence:
 * material out of which something is made;
 * absande mejkeedkasel
 * from-sand made-castle
 * "castle made of sand"
 * a cause by which something is effected;
 * daj abhanger
 * die from-hunger
 * "die of hunger"
 * that to which other things are being compared

The absolute case combines the uses of the nominative, vocative, and (in part) accusative cases. It is for subjects, and for names of people being addressed. It is also used for indefinite direct objects. Definite direct objects are included in the accusative case:
 * poen "poem" (absolute case)
 * rida poen "s/he reads a poem/poetry" (absolute case, indefinite direct object)
 * rida ipoen "s/he reads the poem" (absolute case, definite direct object)

The dative case tells whither, that is, the place to which. Thus it has roughly the meaning of the English prepositions "to" and "into", and also "in" when it can be replaced with "into":
 * pud ibiar atrefrigerejdar
 * put the-beer into-fridge
 * "put the beer into the fridge"

The dative also is for objects, usually indirect objects, but sometimes objects that in English would be considered direct:
 * tras atgobernez
 * trust to-government
 * "trust in government"

The locative case tells where, hence corresponds to the English prepositions "at", "on", and "in" (when it does not mean "into").
 * havs ("house"): inhavs (at home)
 * for biar inrefrigerejdaraes
 * four beer in-fridge-they are (3rd person plural predicate)
 * "there are four beers in the fridge"

The genitive case tells possession:
 * moder "mother"
 * moderki "her mother"
 * onsAnna moderki "Anna's mother"

However, if two nouns are connected, but not by ownership, then the second noun generally takes a prefix of possession, while the first take no suffix. The result is an undefinite compound:
 * onsMarse iPresiden "The President of Mars" (definite)
 * Marse iRipablike "The Republic of Mars" (indefinite)

If one noun names a material, the other noun do not take a prefix:
 * vedin iringe "wedding ring"
 * avre ringe "gold ring"

Number
The plural formation consists in the addition of the plural suffix to the noun stem. The plural suffix is -es. When a numeral is present, the plural suffix is not used:
 * havs "house"
 * havses "houses"
 * fajfe havs "five houses"

The plural suffix can be also used for to refer to a family:
 * Johnsones "the Johnsons/the Johnson family"
 * Annas "Anna and her family"
 * fadermies "my father's family" (this is the only exception to the suffix order rules, because using the regular order as in faderesmi would change the meaning to "my fathers").

Nouns are pluralized in standard temporal greetings.
 * dej ("day") - Guddejes! ("Good day!")
 * yiar ("year") - Hapiyiares! ("Happy new year!", lit. "Happy years!")

Predication
Nouns can have a personal conjugation suffix attached too.
 * 1st person singular: -aj.
 * 2nd person singular: -as.
 * 3rd person singular: -a.
 * 1st person plural: -ajes.
 * 2nd person plural: -ases.
 * 3rd person plural: -aes.

Examples

 * wolde "world": woldeajes "we are the world"
 * cajl "child": cajlesases "you are the children"
 * marsean "Martian": marseana "s/he is Martian"
 * teraan "Terran": teraanaes "they are Terran".
 * amerikaan "American": amerikaanesaes "they are the Americans".

Several suffixes can be combined but a noun stem can only have one prefix.
 * inhavstuaj
 * in- havs -tu -aj
 * at (locative case) - house - your (sing.) - I am (predicative 1st person sg.)
 * "I am at your house"

Verbal nouns
The infinitive, formed just with the verb stem as noted earlier, does not take a suffix of possession, or the genitive case-ending. It does take all other case-endings. In particular, the progressive characteristic given earlier is the infinitive ending with the locative prefix:
 * inespikeageajes "we are in the act of speaking"
 * invorageajes "we are making war"

The verbal noun is formed with the adjective-forming suffix applied to the verb stem and then added as a prefix to the noun stem, this is equivalent to the English gerund:
 * vejd "wait": vejded "waiting" (or lit. "waited"): vejdedrun "waiting room"

The verbal noun can take a suffix of possession and any case-ending:
 * Vejdedtu nided.
 * waiting-your needed
 * "You have to wait"
 * Lobeaj ibojstu ihiared.
 * I-love ACC-voice-your ACC-hearing
 * "I love to hear your voice"

The dative form of a Martian Creole gerund can correspond precisely to an English infinitive with to:
 * Inkavntrino nanoteknologienproduktees begindaes atprodused.
 * in-country-our nano-technological-products began to-be-produced
 * "Nano-technological products began to be produced in our country"

The suffix -ez can also be used to create verbal nouns:
 * voke "walk": vokeez "walk, walking"
 * rejn "rain": rejnez "rain"
 * baj "buy": bajez "shopping"
 * kriejd "create": kriejdez "creation"

Considered as units, these are transitive verbs; but the nouns in them can also, by themselves, take direct objects: iMarse bisid "visit to Mars"

Adjectives
Adjectives used attributively precede the noun stem as a prefix; used predicatively, they follow, unless something other than word order shows that they are being used predicatively:
 * gringras "[the] green grass" (attributive)
 * gras grina or grina gras "grass is green" (predicative)

Indefinite adjectives
The cardinal number van ("one") can be used as an indefinite article. Word order can make a difference:
 * najs van dej "a nice day"
 * van najsdej "one nice day"

Comparison
In a positive comparison, the object takes the ablative case; the adverb mor ("more") is optional, unless the object is left out.
 * abfeder (mor) lajd
 * ABL-feather (more) light
 * "lighter than a feather"

In a negative comparison, the adverb les ("less") is needed; the object still takes the ablative; mor can still be used as well optionally.
 * abplombe (mor) les hebi
 * ABL-lead (more) less heavy
 * "less heavy than lead"

The superlative degree is expressed by the adverb mos ("most").
 * mos bige lajar
 * most big liar
 * "the biggest liar"
 * mos les trastekun
 * most less trust-with
 * "the least trustworthy"

Adverbs
The adverb of negation is no. It is used to negate sentences that are without verb; then it takes the appropriate personal ending:
 * inhavs noaj "I am not at home" 11/12/2020 - 03/12/2020

There are different adverbs, the ones derived from adjectives are formed by adding the suffix -men. For example: estron "strong" - estronmen "strongly".

Pronouns
The absolute case is generally needed only for emphasis:
 * Havas? "How are you?"
 * Gudaj, ju havas? "I'm fine, how are you?"
 * Aj olso gudaj. "I also am fine"

The demostrative pronouns are dad ("that") and dis ("this").

The interrogative pronouns are havmeni ("how much/many"), hu ("who"), hun ("whom"), hus ("whose"), vad ("what"), vice ("which"). Examples:
 * Havmeni dis kar? "How much is this car?"
 * Hu konenda atvedin? "Who is coming to the wedding?"
 * Hun imbajddaes? "Whom did they invite?"
 * Hus dis magasin? "Whose magazine is this?"
 * Vad era? "What is it?"
 * Vice fejboridkolortua? "Which is your favourite colour?"

Verbs
Martian Creole verb stems are considered the infinitive forms, but they can have prefixes and suffixes that amplify their meaning.

Prefixes

 * Across: trans-. Example: transforn ("transform").
 * Badly or wrongly: mal-. Example: malkonekte ("misconnect").
 * Between: ind-. Example: indakte ("interact").
 * Earlier: pre-. Example: presi ("foresee"), preyace ("prejudge").
 * Repetition: re-. Example: revisid ("revisit").
 * Reverse: dis-. Examples: disvalju ("devalue"), disapiar ("disappear"), dis'fasen ("unfasten").
 * Together: ko-. Example: koeksiste ("co-exist").
 * Too much, better than others: sup-. Examples: supvorke ("overwork"), supperforme ("outperform").
 * Under, below, not enough: sub-. Examples: subdibajd ("subdivide"), subdibelope ("underdevelop").

Some verbs are formed from adjectives by adding prefix:
 * Become: a-. Examples: asofte ("soften"), adarke ("darken"), aaktibe ("activate").
 * Make: fak-. Examples: fakyaste ("justify"), fakvajd ("amplify", from vajd "wide"), fakempazike ("empathise").

There are also voice prefixes that modify the meaning of the verb stems.
 * Reflexive: si-. Example: sifajn ("to be found", from fajn "to find").
 * Reciprocal: nos-. Example: nosfajn ("to meet", from fajn "to find").
 * Causative: pro-. Example: prokiye ("to have (someone) kill", from kiye "to kill").
 * Passive: se-. Example: sevos ("to be washed", from vos ("to wash").

The only prefix that allows multiple prefixes is the potential prefix, pod-, which in combination with the negation suffix -no gives to the verb stem an impotential function. There is also the prefix pos-, the possibility prefix that could. podgov ("can go") vs podgovno ("cannot go").
 * kon "come"
 * konno "not come / do not come"
 * podkon "be able to come / can come"
 * podkonno "be unable to come / cannot come"
 * poskon "may come"
 * poskonno "be able to not come / may not come"
 * pospodkonno "able to be unable to come / may be unable to come"

Suffixes
There are several kinds of suffixes attachable to the verb stems.

An augmentation suffix is always located after the verb stem, each one giving a more specific meaning to the verb.
 * Necessitative: -nid. Example: konnidaj "I must come".
 * Conditional: -si. Example: konsidaj "if I came".
 * Apparentive (can be used with nouns): -nis. Example: konnisdaj "it seems I came".

The negative suffix (-no), is always located just right after the verb stem, unless an augmentation suffix is present. Example: konno ("not come / do not come").

The tense suffix is written after the verb stem, or when existing, after the negative suffix.
 * Present continuous: -end. Example: govendaj "I am going" (the negative version would be govnoendaj "I am not going").
 * Past continuous: -ind. Example: govindaj "I was going".
 * Past simple: -d. Example: govdaj "I went".
 * Future continuous: -rs. Example: govrsaj "I will be going".
 * Future simple: -r. Example: govraj "I will go".

The personal conjugation suffix is always located at the last position.
 * 1st person singular: -aj. Example: govaj "I go".
 * 2nd person singular: -as. Example: govas "you go".
 * 3rd person singular: -a. Example: gova "he/she/it goes".
 * 1st person plural: -ajes. Example: govajes "we go".
 * 2nd person plural: -ases. Example: govases "you (all/guys) go".
 * 3rd person plural: -aes. Example: govaes "they go".

The question have no a concrete article, they just depend on the intonation and when written, they have the interrogation sign.
 * Konendas? "Are you coming?"
 * Kondas? "Did you come?"

The optative and imperative mood is formed by the subject preceding the verb stem (infinitive). Examples:
 * Aj kon "Let me come"
 * Ju kon! "Come!"
 * Er kon "Let [her/him/it] come!"
 * Vi kon! "Come!"
 * Ze kon "Let them come!"

Sentence groups

 * Verbal sentence: Anna govda ateskul "Anna went to school"
 * Nominal sentence (no verb): Anna ticeara "Anna is a teacher"
 * Copulative sentence: "Anna in-havs-nis-a'' "Apparently Anna is at home"

Negation
The negation suffix (-no) is added to the verb stem in verbal sentences or to the noun stem in other kinds of sentences:
 * Negative verbal sentence: Anna govnoda ateskul "Anna did not go to school"
 * Negative nominal sentence (no verb): Anna ticearnoa "Anna is not a teacher"
 * Negative copulative sentence: "Anna inhavsnisnoa'' "Apparently Anna is not at home"

Yes/no questions
As we saw before, to mark a question, a different intonation is used in oral language an a question mark in written language.
 * Verbal question: Anna govda ateskul? "Did Anna go to school?"
 * Nominal question (no verb): Anna ticeara? "Is Anna a teacher?"

Word order
In Martian Creole, the modifier precedes the modified. And it uses a SVO order, but it can be altered freely to give emphasis in one specific topic of the sentence but this resource is mainly used in poetry or artistic literature, rarely found in another contexts.

For example:
 * SVO: Anna govenda athavs "Anna is going home" (the emphasis is in the subject, while the least important part of the sentence is the destination of Anna").
 * SOV: Anna athavs govenda "Anna is going home" (the emphasis is in the subject, while the least important part of the sentence is the action Anna is performing").
 * VSO: Govenda Anna athavs "Anna is going home" (the emphasis is in the verb, while the least important part of the sentence is the destination of Anna").
 * VOS: Govenda athavs Anna "Anna is going home" (the emphasis is in the verb, while the least important part of the sentence is Anna").
 * OVS: Athavs govenda Anna "Anna is going home" (the emphasis is in the object, while the least important part of the sentence is Anna").
 * OSV: Athavs Anna govenda "Anna is going home" (the emphasis is in the object, while the least important part of the sentence is the action Anna is performing").

Vocabulary
As most of the vocabulary of Martian Creole is taken from English, the most words are very similar, having being only adapted to the spelling of this language.

Numerals
Martian Creole numerals are taken from English. But thousands are separated using apostrophes (') and decimals using commas. When written with letters, numbers can be hyphenated following the TUH (tenths-units-hundreds) rule and decimals are separated by the conjunction en ("and").

Cardinal numbers

 * 0: sirov.
 * 1: van.
 * 2: tu.
 * 3: zri.
 * 4: for.
 * 5: fajfe.
 * 6: sikse.
 * 7: seben.
 * 8: ejd.
 * 9: najn.
 * 10: ten.
 * 11: eleben.
 * 12: tvelfe.
 * 13: zertin.
 * 14: fortin.
 * 15: fiftin.
 * 16: sikstin.
 * 17: sebentin.
 * 18: ejtin.
 * 19: najntin.
 * 20: tventi.
 * 21: tventi-van.
 * 22: tventi-tu.
 * 30: zerti.
 * 40: forti.
 * 50: fifti.
 * 100: van-handred.
 * 168: van-handred siksti-ejd.
 * 732: seben-handred zerti-tu.
 * 1.000: van zavsen.
 * 2.367: tu zavsen zri-handred siksti-seben.
 * 1.000.000: van miyon.
 * 1.000.000.000: van biyon.
 * 1.000.000.000.000: van triyon.
 * 2.345.678.901.234,56: tu triyon zri-handred forti-fajfe biyon sikse-handred sebenti-ejd miyon najn-handred van zavsen tu-handred zerti-for en fifti-sikse.

Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers formation is done by taking the cardinal number and adding the suffix -(e)z (the e is present when the number's last letter is a consonant).
 * 1st: vanez.
 * 2nd: tuz.
 * 3rd: zriz.
 * 4th: forez.
 * 10th: tenez.
 * 20th: tventiz.
 * 100th: handredez.
 * 726th: seben-handred tventi-siksez.
 * 1,000,000th: miyonez.

Months
As Mars uses the Darian calendar, with 24 official months adapted to Martian Creole spelling are:
 * 1) Sagitar
 * 2) Dhanus
 * 3) Kaprikorne
 * 4) Makara
 * 5) Akvar
 * 6) Kumbha
 * 7) Piskes
 * 8) Mina
 * 9) Arjes
 * 10) Mesha
 * 11) Tavr
 * 12) Rishabha
 * 13) Jemini
 * 14) Mithuna
 * 15) Kanser
 * 16) Karka
 * Leo
 * 1) Simha
 * 2) Birgo
 * 3) Kanja
 * 4) Libra
 * 5) Tula
 * 6) Eskorpi
 * 7) Brishika

Terrestrial months are:
 * 1) Janvari
 * 2) Febrvari
 * 3) Marce
 * 4) Ejpril
 * Mej
 * Jun
 * 1) Julaj
 * 2) Oguste
 * 3) September
 * 4) Oktober
 * 5) Nobember
 * 6) Disember

Time units

 * sekon ("second")
 * mened ("minute")
 * avar ("hour")
 * dej ("day")
 * vike ("week")
 * manze ("month")
 * yiar ("year")
 * lustrun ("lustrum")
 * dekejd ("decade")
 * senturi ("century")
 * miyenjun ("millenium")

Weekdays
The first day of the week for Martians is Sunday, but they adopted another names for the seven :
 * sandej ("Sunday")
 * fobosdej ("Phobosday")
 * dejmosdej ("Deimosday")
 * merkuridej ("Mercuryday")
 * teradej ("Earthday / Terraday")
 * venusdej ("Venusday")
 * beltedej ("Beltday", a reference to the Asteroid Belt)

Expression of date and time
The Martian format for date and time is yyy-mm-dd and hh:mm respectively.

When they write a date they use the ordinal number and the locative case in the year, the genitive case in the month and the ordinal number for the day. For example: To express time, they don't use the form It's ten o'clock, the Martian version would be They are ten hours. Examples:
 * 14th Mithuna 543 would be in543 onsMithuna 14ez.
 * The written form of the same date would be infajfe-handred forti-zri onsMithuna fortinez.
 * It's nine o'clock would be najn avaraes.
 * 00:00: sirov avaraes ("they are zero hours").
 * 01:00: van avara ("it is one hour", the only hour expressed in singular).
 * 05:05: fajfe avaresaes en fajfe menedaes ("they are five hours and five minutes).
 * 06:10: sikse avaraes en ten menedaes ("they are six hours and ten minutes").
 * 07:13: seben avaraes en zertin menedaes ("they are seven hours and thirteen minutes")
 * 08:15: ejd avaraes en fiftin menedaes ("they are eight hours and fifteen minutes").
 * 13:40: zertin avaraes en forti menedaes ("they are thirteen hours and forty minutes").
 * 15:01: fiftin avaraes en van meneda ("they are fifteen hours and it is one minute", the only minute expressed in singular).
 * 16:59: sikstin avaraes en fifti-najn menedaes ("they are sixteen hours and fifty-nine minutes").

Example text
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

''OnsHjumanrajdes iUnibersaldeklarejson Artikel 1 Oye hjumanbingees fri en ikvalberzeedaes indigniti en rajdes. Endavdaes rison en konsiensekun en aktenidaes atoderes inbroderhudespirit.''