Valdirsk

Introduction
"Gúthúdain ! Dat va eksemplar od at modan navakk Valdirsk ! Thir va vegar er úd larrain till modain at. "

"Welcome ! This is an example of the language named Valdirsk ! Here is a guide to learn to speak it."

Description
Valdirsk is a regular, structuralist and flexive constructed language with a Scandinavic background but with very particular vocabulary. It is designed to sound subtly like Icelandic, with high frequency of vowels and typical nordic sounds.

Alphabet and Pronunciation
All letters are pronounced, except the "t" in some cases, as detailed in the following "Determinants and pronouns" section. Here follows the prounciation according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):

Grammar


Nouns
There are no cases: instead, prepositions are used. The plural form is characterised by the suffix -i.

Material entities
There are 3 genders for material entities: male, female, and neutral. All words that indicate asexual things are per definition neutral. Here is a table representing the matching of nouns with their gender:

These nouns are formed like this:

Variable part + gender + r + plural

Example: Gull + o + r + i = Gullori = horses (male), Gull + e + r = Guller = mare

There is an exception: father (ot athoir) and mother (et matheir), where an -i is added before the -r.

Immaterial entities
Immaterial entities have no particular termination, except two categories: concepts and geographical references. Concepts (like "liberty", "peace" or "procrastination") end with -an. Example: magan = power

Nouns that indicate Geographical origins (like "English" or "European") end with -sk. Example: Ingelsk = English

They are formed by adding mark of gender and mark of plural at the end:

Variable part + an/sk + gender + plural

Example: Valdir + sk + o + i = Valdirskoi = the Valdirians, the men from Valdir

Two words can agglutinate if they are related to eachother by a genitive relation:

Trunk 1 + gender 1 + plural 1 + trunk 2 + gender 2 + r + plural 2

Example: Gull + a + i + skadd + a + r + i = Gullaiskaddari = shits of horses (skaddar = shit)

Substantives related to verbs are formed by replacing the -i from its infinitive by an -r (except if the word is a concept, then it ends in -an as usually).

Example: magain (to reign) ==> at magarn (the reign)

The opposite of words are formed with a privative -u.

Example: materialsk = material, umaterialsk = immaterial

Examples
Gullor = (Male) horse

Ati gulleri = the mares

at vakar = the book

vridan = peace

Valdirsk = Valdirian language

Valdirskei = Valdirians (women)

Skaddari = shits

At gullaskaddar = the horseshit

At magarn = the reign

Verbs
Verbs are based on a common trunk, to which suffixes are added to indicate the type of tense. As example:

To be ("vain") :         Va + in = Vain

Trunk + Mark of the infinitive = Infinitive

Conjugations
The trunk always ends with an -a or an -e.