Ituyagul/verbs

Verbs are the most important and complex part of Ituyagul grammar. The verbs remains a difficult subject even for the creator of the language. They inflect for 24 grammatical classes: case, tense, aspect, mood, deixis, voice, politeness, locution, illocution, perlocution, causativity, transitivity, valency, polarity, telicity, volition, mirativity, validation, associativity, pluractionality, affection, boundedness, version, and reciprocity. It represents a real challenge for foriegn learners due to the high inflection.

Validation
Validation is the only prefix for verbs in Ituyagul. It is the indication of the nature of evidence for a given statement.

There are 9 validations in Ituyagul that are not covered in mood: inferential, anticipation, performative, deduction, induction, direct observation, opinion, reportive, intuitive, and affirmative. Each validation has its own prefix.

Speech act
Speech act is an expression by an individual that repreesents information about performing an action. There are 3 classes of speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary.

Aspect
Aspect is a grammatical category related to verbs that expresses how an action, event, or state, denoted by a verb, extends over time.

Ituyagul does not distinguish tense from aspect. Ituyagul has a record 312 aspects, due to the lack of distinction between tense and aspect.

Mood
Ituyagul verbs are conjugated for 52 moods, whose meanings and uses are detailed here.

Deixis
Deixis is used to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context. Ituyagul has 5 forms of deixis: personal, spatial, temporal, discourse, and social.

Voice
Tone is used to inflect verbs for grammatical voice as in most Niger-Congo languages. In this case, Ituyagul distinguishes 18 voices: active, dynamic, stative, middle, antipassive, causative, reciprocal, causative, reciprocal, cooperative, notional, formal, informal, impersonal, adjutative, applicative, circumstantial, reflexive, and neuter.

In this table the word utungandd (I must run) is used below:

Causative
All languages have ways to express causation but differ in the means. Most, if not all, languages have specific or lexical causative forms. Ituyagul uses inflection to change verbs into their causative forms or change adjectives into verbs of becoming.

Unlike natural languages, which have only 1 parameter for causativity, Ituyagul has 8.

Version
Version is an aspectual distinction indicating whether the verb refers to an act, event or state which is goal- or result-oriented, and/or whether it has been successfully actualized subsequent to one’s initial intention.

Ituyagul uses six tone sandhi to describe version.

Politeness
In most East Asian languages, politeness plays an important role in speech. Ituyagul's politeness system closely resembles Korean.