Mbörösliŋ

"'м Ўнсёг ӓ хӦ, тахі ӓл Пӧр кӧ' - м Мбӧрӧсліҥ Пражма ""'m Ynsëg ä hÖ, tahi äl Pör kö' - m Mbörösliŋ Pražma""'Into the Sky of the Back of an Axe, a mad Person comes' - Mbörösling Proverb"

General Info
Mbörösling /mbɔ.ɾɔs.liŋ/, (natively Мбӧрӧсліҥ from м Бӧрӧс Ліҥ, m Börös Liŋ, lit: People's Language) is the language of the People of the Siberian Lake Baikal, called м Бӧрӧс Баїка, m Börös Bajka, lit: People of the Lake. Only the dialect of Bajka survived the age of the Mongols, taking words from the Buryat Branch of Mongolic (eg. Даї Daj lit: war), Russian (eg. Пѥзд Pjëzd lit: Train) and Chinese (Мы Mji lit: Rice).

Mongolic Buryat: for War terms, Horses, Equipment:

Russian: for Modern Terms, Transportation;

Chinese: for food, agriculture, farm animals;

"м Ўнсёг ӓ хӦ, тахі ӓл Пӧр кӧ", "m Ynsëg ä hÖ, tahi äl Pör kö" , "Into the Sky of the Back of an Axe, a mad Person comes" - Mbörösling Proverb - Interpretation - In battle, the back of the axe was usually amorphous compared to the sharp front, but when in brutal conquests, the vision of warriors hitting people with the back of the axes meant abduction, only a mad person would come into the range (sky) of back of the axe. Meaning only mad persons would go and meet with the back of the axe. An easier way to read would be, "tahi äl Pör kö ä m Ynsëg hÖ", "A mad Person comes into the Back of an Axe's Sky".

Consonants
In Mbörösliŋ there are two main types of consonants: clean (no Palatalization) and iotized (Palatalized), Semi-Vowels are treated as Vowels, so they appear in the chart but are not considered Consonants.

There are 23 Clean Consonants: And 22 Iotized Consonants:

They are distributed in the following manner:

Semi-Vowels
The Semi-Vowels that exist in the language are /j/, /w/ and /h͡ʍ | ʍ/, formed from the i and u vowels with diaeresis, Ь Jëvj is mostly used to signify Iotized Consonants/Vowels.

Proper Vowels
Proper Vowels are divided into three types: They are distributed in the following manner:

Iotized Vowels
Beyond the Proper Vowels, some of the Vowels can be Iotized, meaning that either they are preceded by a /j/ or /ʲ/.

Vowel Harmony
Words in the language can have either front or back vowels, no word has both. Middle and Semi-vowels can be in both, if a word is entirely with Neutral vowels, it becomes a Back Vowel Word. The only exception are compound words like the name of the language, which derived from two words, in this case, the first vowel dictates the word harmony.

Writing System
The Written System of Mbörösliŋ is based on the Cyrillic Extended Alphabet, brought by the Russians along with transportation during the first expansion into Siberia from 16th to 18th centuries, during the 19th century, various transportation and other related vocabulary entered the language along with a more standardized writing system.

For Example:

Ў/Ѧ/Ꙟ were used by the Bajka, Sëlen and Aŋara Tribes to represent the sound /y/, while Ѩ represented /ʲy/, so while in old texts these can still appear, in modern writing Ў and Ѩ are used, Ѧ is still used in modern texts due to similarities to Ѩ by some old writers but in decline.

Ә/Ӗ were used by the Tribes to represent the sound /ə/, now in modern texts Ӗ is used, but Ә can still be viewed in some signs and old texts.

Ӕ was divided into two branches of sounds /æ/ and /ae/ depending on the tribe, modern uses more the /ae/ sound that the Bajka used.

Ь on its own is not considered part of the alphabet, only when pared with consonants or vowels, so all the letters that have it are considered one letter.

Special outlawed strings: due to ХЬ /ç/ and Х /h/ having the same sound when І or Ѧ/Ꙟ/Ў are after them /çi/ and /çy/ respectively, when this happens Ь cannot be placed between them and Iotization has no effect. Example: Тахі Tahi /tahi/ --> /taçi/; so string like ХЬІ and  ХЬЎ cannot exist and are instead rendered ХІ and  ХЎ, with special attention to the iotized vowels versions ХЫ and ХѨ as these aren't allowed as well.

Due to the similarity between Jëvj+Ir and Jir letters, ЬІ and Ы respectively, only differing in spacing, some initial and kids textbooks use Ӹ. Ӹр Тьӓп Jir Tjäp, as a substitute to Jir to be easier to distinguish the two, however it by following the rules of thumb next described Ӹ isn't needed.

When multiple Iotizations are considered, there can be various ways to write a word: the following rule of thumb can be use:
 * ja Trjav | я Тряв (VOC + Tree): When Iotization is triggered by grammar, if there is a consonant cluster, the first vowel is the one that gets iotized;
 * vj Pjör | вь Пьӧр (INS + person): When it is a single consonant, the consonant is iotized;
 * ja Mji | я Мы (VOC + Rice): Already iotized words cannot be double iotized;
 * Otherwise, the consonant gets more priority at the beginning of the word and the vowel gets more priority in the middle and end of the word.

Nouns
Nouns in the language can differ in number and case, gender and definiteness are not expressed.

Case and Mutations
Before talking about the declensions by case, Mutations in the language are one of the bases of the grammar, and they come in three forms: Examples: Пӧр Pör - Person, Трав Trav - Tree Usage of the NOM, ACC and ABS cases: Nouns between cases: In some cases, nouns can go between the case marker and the noun it changes eg: "ä m Ynsëg hÖ", "into the Back of an Axe's Sky", lit: LOC GEN Back of an Axe Sky. The GEN case + noun can normally go between the case marker and the noun possessed by it. It may even be rendered as "äm Ynsëg hÖ" joining the two cases. The only exception is with another Genitive case, in that case, all of the genitives go between the case marker the main noun but maintain the order. eg: "m Ynsëg m Ër ä hÖ" "the Back of an Axe's Blade's Sky" can be rendered as "ä m Ynsëg m Ër hÖ".
 * Iotization: Palatalization of the Vowel or Consonant;
 * Darkening: Unvoiced -> Voiced -> Nasal;
 * Vowel H: the words beginning with vowel gain a H;

Verbs
Verbs come in three declensions, and differ in tense, aspect, number and person.
 * 1st Declension: Transitive;
 * 2nd Declension: Intransitive;
 * 3rd Declension: Irregular, only has to be, to do, to come.

1st Declension - to attack (vyrtu)
Pay attention to the Past Perfect that use the auxiliary verb to be in the same tense, and the particle "e" in the Present Habitual that causes Vowel H Mutation.

2nd Declension - to die / to close eyes (ani)
Pay attention to the Present Progressive and Past Perfect that use the auxiliary verb to be in the same tense, and the particle "e" in the Present Habitual that causes Vowel H Mutation.

Syntax
With the case system, the word order is relatively free, however the mainly used is the AVO and SV where A = Agent, O = Object, S = Subject,V = Verb phrase.