Nessëran

=Writing System=

Alphabet
The Nessëran language uses the Latin alphabet, modified by a few extra letters.

Letters with diacritics
The Nessëran Alphabet employs three diacritic marks. These are the diaeresis (ä and ë), the cedilla (ç,ş and ţ) and the grave accent (ò). These symbols are not regarded as letters with diacritics, instead as individual letters in their own right. They represent sounds quite different from their non-diacritic counterparts.

Ţ versus C
The letters C and Ţ both represent the same sound, the Voiceless Alveolar Fricative, a sound similar to the last sound in cats. There is no rule as to when C and Ţ are used, and one needs to just learn a word containing the sound /ts/ with its spelling. This can sometimes lead to confusion, as for example, the words cent and ţent are both pronounced the same way. The letter Ţ is also used in transliterations from Cyrillic, as the equivalent of the letter Ц, as in the words ţär (tsar) and ţink (zinc), and also from other orthographies, such as ţunamy (tsunami).

Absent Letters
Nessëran does not used the letters /w/ or /x/. This is because the sound /w/ is not found in Nessëran, and is instead realised as /v/. The letter x is not used because the sound /ks/ is represented by the letter combination ks.

Double Letters
All vowels come in a long and a short variety. The long vowels are represented by doubling the vowel letter, so for example the /e/ in bër is shorter than the /e/ in bëër.

=Basic Grammar=

Cases
Nouns in Nessëran come in several cases, each recognisable by a particular suffix. For example take the word rymastvai meaning "the car".

Examples:
 * Hänylalun açulsòr rymastvaisul "I traveled here by (the) car"


 * Feşsepun açeer denëër "I can do this without you"

Articles
There are two articles in Nessëran, the definate and the indefinate. Both are added as encltics to the noun that they are modifying. Still using the noun rymast meaning "car":

Number
Nouns in Nessëran come in two numbers, singluar and plural. The plural is marked by adding the ending -n or -en to the noun, so for example seqerr (tree) can be changed to seqerren (trees), and then seqerrenvai (the trees).

Posession
Possession of nouns are shown by adding an enclitic to the nouns. A possessive enclitic is used instead of an article, to the word "kanapërvaian" (my the couch) would not make sense. Which endings are used is shown in this table, using the noun kanapër (couch):

Enclitic Order
There is a specific order in which enclitics are added to the end of a noun. The order is this: NOUN+number+article/possession+case. So for example the word kanapërenvaiben (in the couches) is made from the noun kanapër + the plural number -en + the article -vai + the Locative case -ben.

Adjectives
Nessëran adjectives come in numerous forms- as seen by the following table, using the adjective şäreny (nice).

Tenses
There are several different verb tenses in Nessëran, each of which is represented by adding a suffix to the verb itself. For example, take the verb visseje (to say).

Objects and Subjects
The object of a verb is attatched to the end of the word, so in the table:

However, the subject of the verb is seperate from the verb+object word. It is placed after the verb+object, for example in the sentence "she said to him" vissejalaşin fepe, "fepe" (to him) is placed after "vissejalaşin" (she said).

Personal Prounouns
Personal pronouns in Nessëran are easy, as they only come in one form - so for example "I" and "me" are both represented by the word un.

Interrogative Pronouns
There are numerous interrogative pronouns in Nessëran, with most of them beginning with "l".

Cardinal Numbers

 * 0 - hin
 * 1 - ull
 * 2 - këry
 * 3 - lëren
 * 4 - aqqär
 * 5 - u
 * 6 - särl
 * 7 - sinel
 * 8 - nolc
 * 9 - kenc
 * 10 - den

Ordinal Numbers

 * 0 - hinu
 * 1 - ullu
 * 2 - këru
 * 3 - lërenu
 * 4 - aqqäru
 * 5 - uku
 * 6 - särlu
 * 7 - sinelu
 * 8 - nolcu
 * 9 - kencu
 * 10 - denu

=Dictionary= Nessëran Dictionary

Useful Phrases
=Example Text=
 * The small town of Sheen on the Surrey bank of the Thames, ten miles west of the City of London or sixteen miles by river, had been the site of a royal palace since 1299. After it was destroyed by fire in 1497, Henry VII built a new palace on the site, naming it Richmond Palace after his historic title of Earl of Richmond, and the central part of Sheen became known as Richmond.
 * Värdvai ilsei Sheendän embëërben Surrey Thamesvaidän, lagreelen den velv Kassavaidän Londondän dy largeelen densärl lavelysul, urqatal cites galaţuleidä hërcek 1299 gon. Ulles urqtal vankääral vëërsul 1497 ben, Henry VII konal galaţulei eesër citesvaiben, lärnelussil urq Richmond Palace ulles eşenef istoriş Dravandän Richmonddän, seţunvaişest centriş Sheendän mòrval revëër Richmondalq.