Aulandic

Aulandic (Aulendsch ) is a West Germanic conlang with a relatively conservative phonology and a simple (but not too simple) morphology.

=Setting= ...

= Phonology =

Vowels
Aulandic has seven short vowels and ten long vowels:

Alphabet
The Aulandic alphabet consists of the following 30 letters:
 * Capital: A, Á, B, C, D, E, É, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, Ó, Ö, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
 * Lowercase: a, á, b, c, d, e, é, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ó, ö, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z

Pronunciation
Vowels

The vowels &lt;a, e, i, o, u, y&gt; are long in most stressed syllables that end in a single consonant or no consonants. They are short in most syllables that end in two or more consonants excluding suffixes, and in unstressed syllables. Unstressed e is usually mute or

The vowels &lt;á, é, ó, ö&gt; are always long.

Consonants

=Morphophonology=

Voicing of simple fricatives
=Basic Grammar= ...

Plural
According to how they form their plurals, Aulandic nouns can be divided in two groups:

1. Nouns with umlaut in plural: This group includes nouns with a, ó, u or au as stem vowel; but not all nouns with these stem vowels belong to this group.
 * Monosyllabic words take umlaut and the ending -e: hand "hand" - hende "hands", hus "house" - hyse "houses", bók "book" - böke "books". This suffix-e affects the pronunciation of stem-final b, d, g, th and s: voiceless in singular, voiced in plural. Stem-final f becomes v: kalf - kelve
 * Polysyllabic words take only umlaut: appel "apple" - eppel "apples", móder "mother" - möder "mothers".

2. Nouns without umlaut in plural:
 * If the word ends in b, d, g, th or s, the suffix -e is added: wind - winde, aug - auge 
 * If the word ends in f, the suffix -e is added and the f changes to v: hlaif - hlaive 
 * If the word ends in vowel, m, n, l, r, p, t, k, ff or ch the suffix -s is added: stain "stone" - stains "stones"

Articles
Aulandic has a definite and an indefinite article. Since the indefinite article is identical to the numeral ain ("one"), the definite article is often referred to as se artikel ("the article") in the traditional Aulandic grammar.

Indefinite Article
The singular indefinite article is ain for all genders, identical to the numeral ain ("one"). The word some ("some") can be used as an indefinite plural article.

Adjectives
Adjectives that end in consonant take an -e in plural: thet ald hus ‘the old house’ - the alde hyse ‘the old houses’ but: thet ny hus ‘the new house’ - the ny hyse ‘the new houses’

Verbs
Aulandic verbs are divided in weak and strong verbs. In addition to these two main groups, there is a small group of so-called preterite-present verbs.

Weak verbs
Weak verbs form their preterites and passive participles by means of a dental suffix: 

The preterite is formed by adding -(e)de to the stem: opene ~ opende, make ~ makde, hate ~ hatede

The passive participle is formed by adding -(e)d to the stem: opene ~ opend, make ~ makd, hate ~ hated

A mute e is inserted before the dental suffix if the verb stem ends in an n, l or r preceded by a long a, e, i, o, u or y: hale [haːl] ~ haled [haːlt], halede [haːld]; dure [duːr] ~ dured [duːrt], durede [duːrd]

An e pronounced [ə] is inserted before the suffix if the verb stem ends in d or t: hate [haːt] ~ hated [haːtət], hatede [haːtəd].

If the suffix -d(e) follows a voiceless consonant, it is pronounced [t]: makd [maːkt], hlachde [xlaːxt].

Some strong verbs that have a strong passive participle identical to the infinitive have developed in modern Aulandic a weak passive participle: komd "come", sprekd "spoken", fared "gone, moved". These weak forms coexist with the strong forms, but when the passive participle is used as an adjective, only the weak forms are used: Ick haf spreke = Ick haf sprekd "I have spoken" but the sprekde worde "the spoken words".

Strong verbs
Strong verbs display vowel gradation or ablaut. There are seven classes of strong verbs. Each class is characterized by a vowel gradation sequence. The first element of the sequence is the vowel or diphthong of the infinitive and the present tense, the second appears in the past tense an the third in the passive participle:

Class 1

Ablaut sequence: i (long) - ai - é: ride raid réde "to ride"

With grammatischer Wechsel: snithe snaith snéde "to cut"

Class 2

Ablaut sequence: eu - au - o (long): beude baud bode "to command"

With grammatischer Wechsel: teu tau toge "to pull", keuse kaus kore "to choose"
 * A few verbs of this clas have u instead of eu: u (long) - au - o (long): schuve schauf schove (Others: luke, suge, supe)
 * Three verbs have a passive participle in owe: breu brau browe, keu kau kowe "to chew",

Class 3

With nasals (Class 3a), ablaut sequence: i - a - u: binde band bunde "to bind"

With liquids (Class 3b), ablaut sequence: e - a - o: "to help"

Class 4

Ablaut sequence: e - a - o (all long): bere bar bore "to bear"
 * A special case with o in the infinitive and present tense is kome kwam/kam kome/komd

Class 5

Ablaut sequence: e - a - e (all long): geve gaf geve/gevd "to give"

Class 6

Class 7

Preterite-present verbs
The present tense of these verbs has the form of a strong preterite, with vowel-alternation between singular and plural. A new weak preterite is formed with a dental suffix. The verb welle (and its negative form nelle) has a different origin, but is usually included in this group.

...

Numbers
Cardinals Multiplicators can be written together when the following numeral is hundred or thusend: twaithusend thrihundred = twai thusend thri hundred
 * From 0 to 19: null, ain, twai, thri, feur, fimf, sex, séven, acht, nyn, ten, ailf, twelf, thriten, feurten, fimften, sexten, séventen, achtten, nynten
 * Decades are formed with the suffix -tig: twaitig, thritig, feurtig, fimftig, sextig, séventig, achttig, nyntig
 * Hundreds: ain hundred, twai hundred, thri hundred, feur hundred, etc.
 * Larger numbers: ain thusend, ten thusend, hundred thusend, ain million (1 000 000), ain milliard (1 000 000 000), ain billion (10^12), ain billiard (10^15), ain trillion (10^18), etc.

Numerals ending in -llion and -lliard take a plural ending: twai millions, thri milliarde

Ordinals Only the last numeral takes the ordinal ending: hundred feurtig nynd (149th)
 * From 1st to 12th: from, twaid, thridd, feurth, fimft, sext, sévend, achteth, nynd, tend, ailft, twelft
 * Numerals ending in -ten take the suffix -d: thritend, feurtend, fimftend, sextend, etc.
 * Decades and larger numbers take the suffix -st: twaitigst, hundredst, thusendst, millionst, etc.

Negation
Negation is expressed by means of the particles net and ne:
 * The particle net, placed after the verb or after the object pronoun, negates the whole sentence: Ick drink net. "I don't drink." Ick sa hir net. "I didn't see her."
 * The particle ne is placed before the negated part of the sentence: Ick drink ne win.

ne + ain &gt; nain: Ick haf nain wordbók. "I don't have any dictionary." ...

=Dictionary=

Numbers
...

=Example text= Fader unser 

Fader unser in hémel, hailigd werthe Thin Nam, Thin Rik kome, Thin Will sche, hwó in hémel, swá auk up erth. Gef uns hydag unser daglik braud, End fergef uns unsere schulde, hwó wé auk fergeve unsere schuldigers. Laid uns net in fersöking, Ak áloys uns af the bal. Hwand Thin iss thet Rik, end se Macht, end se Herrlikhaid, in aiwighaid, Amen.

Se North Wind end se Sunn

Se North Wind end se Sunn straide si ains ym hwa was se starker, thó ain wanderer kwam hylld in ain warm mantel. Sé kwame overain that jen se kynde thwinge the mann te legje sin mantel af, schylde werthe ansen als starker thann se ander. Se Northwind bléw mid all sin kraft, ack hwó mair hi bléw, thess faster se wanderer hyllde si in sin mantel. Endlik gaf se Northwind sin fersök upp. Thann schain se Sunn warm, end sán legjde se wanderer sin mantel af. Swá moste se Northwind bekenne that se Sunn was se starker fan baithe.