User:Estorva/Sandbox

Intonation
The main function of intonation of Yorshaan is used to distinguish the interrogative pronouns from relative ones since they spell the same in Yorshaan. (also in English, huh)

But unlike the fixed word order of English, Yorshaan can only tell the pronouns apart with intonation. That is, it migt be difficult for one to tell without any audio or pronunciation.

Intonation in question
Let's consider a question:

Pyorimc du pseron? Where are you going?

[↘pʲoɹimk doɡ | ↗pseɹon ‖]

Yet an indication:

Pyorimc du pseron ohy zontiys. Where you are going is mysterious.

[pʲoɹimk | du ↗pseɹon | oɧ ↘ˈzontis ‖]

As we can see, both relative clause and question look the same in Yorshaan, though in English they have a different word order. In Yorshaan queston, a global fall comes first, and a global rise before the second to the last syllable of the sentence which is stressed.

As for the relative clause, a global rise appears after the relative pronoun. There is also a global fall around the end of the sentence.

Relative and Interrogative(OUT-OF-DATE)
Most of the time the relative pronouns share the same form with interrogative ones. That is, the introductory word of both a noun clause and a relative one might look the same, though their role in a sentence is different.

Some of the relative pronouns are silimar to the different forms of V-Noun. (see below)

To tell them apart, intonation is introduced. See below. Most verbs in Yorshaan are regular. Generally speaking, there are three categories of the regular verbs:I, II, and III verb.
 * Pre bœzeg masaam du? (What can you do?)
 * Priy bœzeg masaam du sil vartes ce. (What you do doesn't help us.)
 * Pre bœzeg masaam du ohy loniys. (What you do is useless.)

G-Verb (I)
G stands for Gertiys, which means "strong" in Yorshaan, and G-Verb is litarally "Strong verb". Such idea was introduced by Ernst Lornis, a German linguist who researches Yorshaan, in 1843.

Silimar to strong conjugation in Germanic languages, the apophony exists in G-verbs. There are totally three kinds of alternation, depending on the second to the last vowel (as for its infinite form). The three kinds of strong verb is sometimes called I-A verb, I-U verb, and I-Œ verb. (or A-verb, U-verb, and Œ-verb) Verbs who is formed by doubling its penult vowel and adding an infix -ss- (in order to express negation) such as bœssœzeem (be unable to do) have to change both "œ" of the stem. That is: made bœssœzeg (it is unable to be dealed with.) → made bossozeg (it was unable to be dealed with.).
 * In the case of a, the alternation is a-e-æ. (Present-Past-Future)
 * In the case of u, it's u-i-ai.
 * In the case of œ, it's œ-o-ie.

M-Verb (II)
M refers to Mimiys, which means "small" in Yorshaan, in contrast to Gertiys. No vowels should be replaced or change in M-verbs. Such verbs are sometimes be called "weak verb", corresponding to G-verb, strong verb.

D-Verb (III)
D represents Doriys, which means Stillness in Yorshaan, in contrast to strong and weak verbs. D-verbs are less variable, and can be regarded as simplified verbs. The first and second person are merged.

D-verbs can be categoried into two subtypes: III-E and III-O, depending on the last vowel of the verbs in indicative mood, though their infinite form have the same ending -us.