Nomidian

General Informaiton
This is a romlang is set in the old Roman province of "Noricum." Mild loaning from Old High German takes place.

'''Constantly in development. It may change significantly. '''

Vowel
All vowels are long in stressed, closed syllables

Alphabet
In stressed, closed syllables, vowels become long 1 [ə] in unstressed/near-stress open syllables 2 [e/ø] in stressed/near-stress open syllables ; [ɛ/œ] in stressed/near-stress closed syllables ; [ə] in unstressed, open syllables 3 [ɪ/ʊ] in unstressed syllables ; [j/w] before other vowels 4 makes the preceding noun nasal 5 intervocalically 6 depends on loan (original word with X is [ʃ]) 7 [ʝ] before/after other vowels and intervocalically ; [i(ː), ɪ] function like I i 8 [z] before another consonant or finally 9 finally 10 before vowels

(*) C/T/G are [t͡s]/[t͡s]/[d͡ʒ] before I, E, Y, J

Digraphs and Diacritics Stress
 * Ll ll - [ʎ] intervocalically unstressed ; [ʝ̞] elsewhere
 * Gn gn - [ɲ]
 * Ch ch - [x]
 * Sch sch, Sci_ sci_ - [ʃ]
 * Ti_ ti_ - [t͡s] before another vowel
 * Ç ç - [t͡s], [s] before another consonant
 * Ci_, Gi_, Si_, Ssi_, Zi_ - {t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʒ ʃ d͡ʒ} before an unstressed vowel
 * Gu gu - [g] before I, E, Y, J
 * Au au - [o]
 * Ae ae - [e]
 * Oe oe - [œ]
 * Oi oi - [we]
 * Oa oa - [wa]
 * Ou ou - [u]
 * Ei ei, Ai ai - [ɛ]
 * In in, An an, Un un - {ɛ̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃}
 * Oin oin, Oan oan - [wɛ̃]
 * Â â, Ê ê, Î î, Ô ô, Û û - {a ɛ i ɔ u}
 * É é / Ó ó - {e ø}
 * Aû aû, Oê oê, Oî oî, Oâ oâ  - {ɔ œ wɛ wa}
 * Aú aú, Oé oé, Oí oí - {o ø we}
 * diaerisis - splits up vowel digraphs

Phonetically, primary stress is always put on the penultimate syllable: with secondary stress either coming in an adjacent closed syllable (rarely in an open syllable)

Secondary stress can be indicated with a comma diacritic, though this is very uncommon.

Verbial
ex: amāre, lavāre, sonāre, ridēre, pendēre, iubēre, bibere, dicere, legere, sentīre, dormīre, ordīre, sitīre Singular                 Plural             |    Infitive 1st      2nd     3rd      1st      2nd     3rd     | –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amāre:           am        ama     ama      ama̦m     ama̦s    ama̦n    |    amaer      - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -     lavāre:           laev      laeva   laeva    lava̦m    lava̦s   laeva̦n  |    lavaer - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -   sonāre:           soan      soana   soana    sona̦m    sona̦s    soana̦n |    sonaer - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -    rīdēre:           riy       rié     rié      riém     riés     rién   |    riyer - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -    pendēre:          poiy      poin    poin     penyem   penyes   penye̦n |    penyer - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -    iubēre:           joe       joe     joi      joye̦m    joye̦s    join   |    juyer - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -   bibere:           boi       boï     boï      bioïm    bioïs    biaun  |    boivre - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  dicere:           dïau      di      di       dizoi̦m   dizois   diaun  |    digre - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  legere:           '''leau      lei     lei      legioim  legiois  leaun  |    loigre - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  sentīre:          sentiau   senti   senti    sentim   sentis   sentia̦un|    sentir''' - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  dormīre:          doarmiau  doarmi  doarmi   dormi̦m  dormi̦s    doarmia̦un|   dormir - -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -

Sound Changes
Legend:  V = vowel | C = consonant | ´ = stress | ` = unstressed | ˝ = near-stress and/or secondary stress | ˆ = primary, secondary, or near-stress | N = {n m}, nasal | L = {l r w j}, liquid | P = plosive | Fn-s = non-sibilant fricative --Latin: The presumed phonetic values of Latin: {b c d f g h k l m n p qu r s t v x z} - [b k d f g h k l m n p kʷ r s t ks y d͡z] {i ī e ē u ū o ō a ā ȳ ae oe au} - [ɪ i: ɛ e: ʊ u: ɔ o: a a: y: aɪ̯ oɪ̯ aʊ̯] {i u} - [j w] intervocalically  - [ŋn] --Grammar: Loss of passive. Replaced by intransitive verb and prepositional phrase. Futher explained in Verbs. Regularization of most nouns except common ones. Form simplification and moderate regularization of verbs. Deponent verbs from latin become active, but required to be reflexive. --Sound Changes: Astrisked changes = look at the bottom -Classic > Vulgar h > ∅ V: > V y > i {aɪ̯ oɪ̯} > {ɛ wɛ} ! Ó {e o} > {ɛ ɔ} / $́, Ɵ̋ {e o} > {i u} / $̀ {pʰ tʰ kʰ} > {p^ t^ k^}* {e o} > {ɪ ʊ} ! {j w}_, _C {w b} > v / V_V ; w > v / #_ s > z / V_(L)V, {_C̬ ! _{l m n r}} VN > Ṽ ; VNV > ṼNV {s t} > ∅ / _# `{e o} > {j w} / _V VCV̀C(L)V > VCC(L)V {dj gj} > j: / V_V ! $́ j > ʝ /#_ C > Cʲ / _j, _i , _e l > lʲ / {j i ɪ e}_, _{j i e ɪ} -Vulgar > Proto-Gallo-Ibero-Romance {kʲ gʲ} > {t͡sʲ d͡ʒ} kt > jt ks > xs C{ɛr ɔr} > C{rɛ rɔ} / _C, _# tʲ > t͡sʲ {ɛ ɔ} > {je wo} / Ó, Ɵ_{l j} ; {ɛ ɔ} > {ɛj ɔʊ} / Ɵ_{Cʲ} {p t k t͡s} > {b d g d͡z} / V_(L)V̂ ! _{j w} ; {b d g} > {v ð j} / V_(L)V {vw bw} > w: ŋn > ɲ: ; jn > jɲ: ; nj > ɲj: ; nʲ > ɲj / _V́ ! _i {jl lj} > ʝ̞ / #_ {k g}ʷ > {k g}  -PGIR > Early Nomidian Old High German Loans ʊ > ∅ / _# ! #(C)_# d͡z > z / _C, _# st͡s > t͡s / #_ {b d g dz} > {v ð j z} / V_(L)V ; {v ð} > ∅ / V_V {n r l} > ∅ / V_V̀ ɪ́ > ɛj ; á > ɛɑ ; á > ɛ / _{j l} l > j / _C, _# {ɛ ɔ} > {e o} / Ò ; {e o} > {ɛ ɔ} / $́ ɛ́j > oj {ɛj aj uj oj wɔ ow ɛɑ} > {ɛ ɛ œj we wa u ej} r > ∅ / _# {ʊ o} > {œ / O}, {ø / Ɵ} ! $́ œj > jœ ; ej > e aʊ̯ > o ṼN > Ṽ / _# {ĩ ã} > ɛ̃ ; ũ > ɔ̃ Cʲ > C C: > C ! V{ʎ ɲ}V {ʎ j} > jʝ / V̂_V̂ -Early Nomidian > Modern Nomidian r > ʁ {p t k} > {f θ ð} / _{P Fn-s}, V_V , _# vowel table** {sk xs sx} > ʃ {θ ð} > {t d} s > x / _C {t d d͡z s z}jV̀ > {t͡ʃ d͡ʒ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ}V̀ (*) <^> represents a rising diphthong: {_a, _ɛ , _ɔ , _e , _o , _ɪ , _ʊ , _i , _u}  > {_ja , _jɛ , _wɔ , _je , _wo , _je , _wo , _ji , _wu}

(**)

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