Tinianan

Tinianan (native name: Tiñaliól /tˌiɲaliˈol/) is a romance conlang spoken by 8 people fluenty and another 11 speakers with varying levels of fluency.

Its main objetive was to serve for communication, so it's very regular to facilitate its learning.

Classification
Tinianan is classified as an Ibero-Romance language, being closely related to Galician, Asturleonese and Spanish, especially in terms of grammar. However, in terms of phonology and especially vocabulary, it is closer to the Occitano-romance languages, as Tinianan is heavily influenced by Occitan and French.

Dialects
Tinianan dialects are usually grouped in three dialects, Central or Standard Tinianan, Jimanese or Southern Tinianan and Eastern or Luso-Tinianan.


 * Central/Standard Tinianan: The standard language, having phonological influence from both Southern Tinianan and Eastern Tinianan. It keeps three genders in singular and plural. It keeps the distinction between v and b and the pronunciation of z and weak c as /θ/. Ending o's are pronounced /o/ always. Ending /s/ and /d͡ʒ/ may be pronounced as /ɕ/ and /tɕ/, depending on the background of the speaker.
 * Jimanese/Southern Tinianan: Spoken only by native Spanish speakers, it has Spanish phonological influence, like the pronunciation of z and weak c being /θ/. It losses the distinction between v and b and "ch" (pronounced in Standard /ʐ/) is usually pronounced /ʃː/ instead, the final o's are pronounced /u/ by some speakers (those who are also native in Asturleonese) and it losses the neuter gender in plural (les), as it merges with the femenine plural (las). The realization of /d/, /ç-h/ and /b/ as /ð/, /x/ and /β/ in certain contexts is also common.
 * Eastern/Luso-Tinianan: Spoken only by Portuguese native speakers, it has Portuguese phonological influence, like the pronunciation of z and weak c being /s/, the ocasional (though not widespread) pronunciation of ç as /s/, the pronounciation the ending o's as /u/ and the loss of /d͡ʒ/ (being replaced by /ʒ/), so speakers of this dialect can't distinguish "vagïo" from "vajo", or "jar" from "zxar". It keeps the three genders in singular and plural. Ending /s/ and /d͡ʒ/ may be pronounced as /ɕ/ and /tɕ/,

Phonotactics
The syllabic structure of Tiñanese is (C1 (C2 )) V1 (V2 ) (V )3 (C3 (C4 )),

C1 The first consonant can be any.

C2 The second consonant is optional. If and only if the first consonant is a stop /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ/ or one of these fricatives /f v θ d s ç-h/, a second consonant is allowed, either /l/ or /ɾ/.

V1 V2 V3 up to three vowels are allowed, but the following two vowels are not allowed, which are either separated with h, which is silent but indicates two different vowels, or are made long with the caron. (eg Europehél "European")

C3 can be any consonant.

C4 can only be /d/ or /s/, note that many times /s/ is omitted in informal speech. A syllable can end in a more consonant -ï, the ï being a short i, but it is often omitted in informal speech creating a consonantal cluster that is formally prohibited. (ex. Chocolètï "Chocolate" [ʐˌokolˈɜt(i)])

In words beginning with -ïr, the ï is not pronounced and the r is pronounced as /ɾ/ (eg ïragasón "" [ˌ(i)ɾaɣasˈon]).

Epenthesis
Due to phonotactic restrictions, an epenthetic /e/ is inserted before word-initial groups beginning with /s/, although not internally. Internally, the /s/ may remain or be dropped, but it is not usually pronounced in informal speech.

Alphabet

 * "Weak c" (/θ-s/) is realized in front of /e/ and /i/, otherwise "c" is pronounced /k/.
 * "Q" always has a silent "u" in front.
 * /ɱ/ and /ŋ/ are realized when /m/ and /n/ are in front of /t/, /h/, /k/ o /g/ or a vowel with a grave acute. /ŋ/ is also realized by most speakers (notably Central and Eastern dialects) at the end of words that end with n.
 * [ɕ] is realized in some dialects when s is at the end of words.
 * "Strong j" (/d͡ʒ/) is realized usually at the beginning of words and sometimes when surrounded by vowels, in the middle of words it is usually pronounced as a "weak j" (/ʒ-ʝ/).

Accents
There are three accent marks in Tinianan, the

Nouns
Nouns decline according to gender and number. There's two genders, masculine and femenine, masculine is usually declined with e or o, femenine is usually declined with a. Plural is declined adding an s.

Verbs
Tinianan verbs are very simple, they do not conjugate with person or voice, there's only 10 conjugations: Verbs do not decline by number or gender

Syntax
Sentence order:

For normal sentences:

[Subject Article] + [Subject] + [Verb Attribute] + [Verb] + [Object Article] + [Object] + [Object Complement] + [Circumstances (time/place)]

Example: Lo + breço + klérelmete + majei + la + melaça + velmeya + an leir abitái

Translation: The boy clearly eats the red apple in his room

For interrogative sentences:

[Verb] + [Subject Article] + [Subject] + [Object Article] + [Object] + [Object Complement] + [Verb Attribute] + [Circumstances] ?

Example: Majie + lo + breço + la + melaça + velmeya + klérelmete + an leir abitái ?

Translation: Does the boy clearly eat the red apple in his room?

Lexicon
Tinianan/Lexicon

Example text
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 1

Toyes los ésecos humanes naçejes libreles ei egeles an diñitá ei darýes. Som éx doteyos kan ráçio ei konçimenta ei daboit aqtir unes è otréis naune espiríto da frateica.

IPA: t'ojjes l'os ˈeseθos umˈanes n'azejes libɾˈeles ˈe͡i eɣˈeles ˈan dˌiɲitˈa ˈe͡i dˈaɾt͡ʃes. s'om 'eks dot'ejjos k'an r'azio ˈe͡i kˌonzimˈɛnta ˈe͡i dabˈo͡it aktˈiɾ ˈunes 'ə otɾˈeis nˈa͡ʊne ˌespiɾˈito dˈa fɾatˈe͡ɪθa.

English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Wikipedia Article about WW2