By all means, please either help fix spelling, grammar and organization problems or contact the author about them. Thank you.
By all means, take a look around. Thank you.
Łuko (/ˈɬuːko/, anglicized Hluko), is the language of a fictional civilization from a distant planet inhabited by humanoid aliens.
| Hluko Łuko | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||||||||||||
| Alignment | |||||||||||||
| Head direction | |||||||||||||
| Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | No | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | No | ||||||||||||
| Genders | No | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | 0% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | LanguageNinja5 | ||||||||||||
Hluko shows a complex inventory of consonants. Also, it contains a pretty uncommon sound: a voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆]. This bidental fricative exists in one dialect of Adyghe (where it evolved from [х]) and in Ithkuil (where it evolved from a geminate [h]).
Classification and Dialects[]
In the Ritleb dialect, the dental click /|/ (written Ⱬ ⱬ) merges with the alveolar affricate /ts/ (written C c).
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Bidental | Dental | Alveolar | Lateral | (Alveolo-)palatal | Velar | Labio-velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Click | | |ʰ | ǃ ǃʰ | ‖ ‖ʰ | |||||||||
| Implosive | ɓ | |||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||
| Plosive | p pʰ b | t tʰ d | k kʰ g | |||||||||
| Fricative | f v | h̪͆ | s z | ɕ ʑ | x | |||||||
| Affricate | ts tsʰ dz | tɕ tɕʰ dʑ | ||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||
| Flap or tap | ɾ | |||||||||||
| Lateral fric. | ɬ ɮ | |||||||||||
| Lateral affr. | tɬ | |||||||||||
| Lateral appr. | l |
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |||
| Near-high | ɪ | ||||
| High-mid | |||||
| Mid | e | o | |||
| Low-mid | |||||
| Near-low | |||||
| Low | a |
Phonotactics[]
Writing System[]
| Letter | A a | B b | Ƃ ƃ | C c | C' c' | Ç ç | Ç' ç' | D d | E e | F f | G g | H h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | /a/ | /b/ | /ɓ/ | /ts/ | /tsʰ/ | /tɕ/ | /tɕʰ/ | /d/ | /e/ | /f/ | /g/ | /h/ |
| Letter | Ƕ ƕ | I i | Ĭ ĭ | J j | K k | K' k' | L l | Ł ł | Ⱡ ⱡ | M m | N n | Ñ ñ |
| Sound | /h̪͆/ | /i/ | /ɪ/ | /dʑ/ | /k/ | /kʰ/ | /l/ | /ɬ/ | /ɮ/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ |
| Letter | Ṅ ṅ | O o | P p | P' p' | Q q | Q' q' | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t | T' t' | Tł tł |
| Sound | /ŋ/ | /o/ | /p/ | /pʰ/ | /ǃ/ | /ǃʰ/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /ɕ/ | /t/ | /tʰ/ | /tɬ/ |
| Letter | U u | V v | W w | X x | Ҳ ҳ | Ҳ' ҳ' | Y y | Z z | Ź ź | Ⱬ ⱬ | Ⱬ' ⱬ' | |
| Sound | /u/ | /v/ | /w/ | /x/ | /‖/ | /‖ʰ/ | /j/ | /z/ | /ʑ/ | /|/ | /|ʰ/ |
An apostrophe can be placed after the consonants C, Ç, K, P, Q, T, Ҳ and Ⱬ to indicate aspiration. Long vowels are transcribed by duplicating the regular vowel (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu).
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
Verbs[]
Syntax[]
The word order of Hluko is VOS (Verb-Object-Subject). Example: Daraş Tłĭṅanşĭ Worĭv [daˈɾaɕ tɬɪŋanˈɕɪ ˈwoɾɪv], the Hluko translation of the sentence "Worf speaks Klingon" is, word by word, "Speaks-Klingon-Worf". The VOS order is very rare, and among the few human languages using VOS, we can find some Austronesian and Mayan languages
Lexicon[]
Łuko vocabulary includes some hidden jokes, although strongly disguised. For example, the word abiş /a.biɕ/ ("dog") is actually the backwards spelling of the word shiba (short for shiba inu), a kind of dog that is very popular in memes.