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[[]] ' | |||
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Type | |||
Alignment | |||
Head direction | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
No | |||
Conjugations | |||
No | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
Contents
General information[edit | edit source]
Aban language is a language of Köz family spoken by around 30,000 people in a small kingdom of Aban. As many languages of the family, it has many triconsonantal words. It is also the most archaic Köz language (as Sanskrit is to IE family), which means it is crucial in reconstructing Proto-Köz.
Phonology[edit | edit source]
Consonants[edit | edit source]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ||||||||||
Plosive | p /p/ b /b/ |
t /t/ d /d/ |
k /k/ g /g/ |
|||||||||
Fricative | f /f/ v /v/ |
s /s/ z /z/ |
š /ʃ/ ž /ʒ/ |
ŧ /c/ đ /ɟ/ |
x /x~χ/ | q /q~χ/ | h (h) | |||||
Affricate | ts, c /ts/ | č /tʃ/ | ||||||||||
Approximant | y /j/ | |||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||
Flap or tap | r /ɾ/ | |||||||||||
Lateral fric. | ||||||||||||
Lateral app. | l /l/ | |||||||||||
Lateral flap |
Vowels[edit | edit source]
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i /i/ ü /y/ |
u /u/ | |||
Near-close | |||||
Close-mid | ë /ɘ/ | ||||
Mid | e /e/ ö /ø/ |
o /o/ | |||
Open-mid | |||||
Near-open | |||||
Open | a /a/ |
Diphthongs: ei /eɪ/, ai /aɪ/. More will be added later.
Classes of vowels: e-class (ë, e); o-class (o, ö); u-class (u, ü). 4th class (i, a).
Alphabet[edit | edit source]
Phonotactics[edit | edit source]
Grammar[edit | edit source]
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns[edit | edit source]
Nouns have 5 cases, nominative, genitive, dative, accusative and instrumental. Occasional umlaut can occur in irregularities.
Consonant change is fairly simple, with usually predictable fricativization, weakening (devoicing for voiced, nearly the same effect as fricativization for unvoiced) and strengthening (voicing for unvoiced, plosivization for voiced fricatives).
keged | odë | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | |
Nom. | keged | kegedë(t) | odë | odët |
Gen. | kegez | kegedei | odës | odër |
Dat. | kegede | kegedem | odëm | odën |
Acc. | keget | kegat | odël | odëš |
Ins. | kegedo | kegeda | oder | odet |
Consonant change: d - fricative z, weakened t, no strengthened form; p - f/f/b; b - v/p/--; t - s/h (he)/z; ŧ - y/š/č; đ - ž/ŧ/d; k - x/ŧ/g; g - q/k/--.
All outside the list is either unchanged or very predictable.
Vowel change is usually changing to its class' second vowel. But there is one irregularity, e changes to a when weakened.
The above table is used in educated speech, instead the following table is used colloquially:
keged | odë | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | |
Nom. | keged | kegedë(t) | odë | odët |
Gen. | kegedës | kegedei | odës | odër |
Dat. | kegede | kegedem | odëm | odën |
Acc. | keget | kegat/kegedër | odël | odëš |
Ins. | kegedo | kegeda | odëp | odëk |
(i.e. in accusative singular the last sound is either unvoiced or left the same, and in accusative plural the vowel's lowered.)
Verbs[edit | edit source]
Syntax[edit | edit source]
Vocabulary[edit | edit source]
No. | English | |
---|---|---|
1 | I | — |
2 | you (singular) | — |
3 | he | — |
4 | we | — |
5 | you (plural) | — |
6 | they | — |
7 | this | — |
8 | that | — |
9 | here | — |
10 | there | — |
11 | who | — |
12 | what | — |
13 | where | — |
14 | when | — |
15 | how | — |
16 | not | — |
17 | all | — |
18 | many | — |
19 | some | — |
20 | few | — |
21 | other | — |
22 | one | — |
23 | two | — |
24 | three | — |
25 | four | — |
26 | five | — |
27 | big | — |
28 | long | — |
29 | wide | — |
30 | thick | — |
31 | heavy | — |
32 | small | — |
33 | short | — |
34 | narrow | — |
35 | thin | — |
36 | woman | — |
37 | man (adult male) | — |
38 | man (human being) | — |
39 | child | — |
40 | wife | — |
41 | husband | — |
42 | mother | — |
43 | father | — |
44 | animal | — |
45 | fish | — |
46 | bird | — |
47 | cat | — |
48 | dog | — |
49 | louse | — |
50 | snake | — |
51 | worm | — |
52 | tree | — |
53 | forest | — |
54 | stick | — |
55 | fruit | — |
56 | seed | — |
57 | leaf | — |
58 | root | — |
59 | bark | — |
60 | flower | — |
61 | grass | — |
62 | rope | — |
63 | skin | — |
64 | meat | — |
65 | blood | — |
66 | bone | — |
67 | fat | — |
68 | egg | — |
69 | horn | — |
70 | tail | — |
71 | feather | — |
72 | hair | — |
73 | head | — |
74 | ear | — |
75 | eye | — |
76 | nose | — |
77 | mouth | — |
78 | tooth | — |
79 | tongue | — |
80 | fingernail | — |
81 | foot | — |
82 | leg | — |
83 | knee | — |
84 | hand | — |
85 | wing | — |
86 | belly | — |
87 | guts | — |
88 | neck | — |
89 | back | — |
90 | breast | — |
91 | heart | — |
92 | liver | — |
93 | drink | — |
94 | eat | — |
95 | bite | — |
96 | suck | — |
97 | spit | — |
98 | vomit | — |
99 | blow | — |
100 | breathe | — |
101 | laugh | — |
102 | see | — |
103 | hear | — |
104 | know | — |
105 | think | — |
106 | smell | — |
107 | fear | — |
108 | sleep | — |
109 | live | — |
110 | die | — |
111 | kill | — |
112 | fight | — |
113 | hunt | — |
114 | hit | — |
115 | cut | — |
116 | split | — |
117 | stab | — |
118 | scratch | — |
119 | dig | — |
120 | swim | — |
121 | fly | — |
122 | walk | — |
123 | come | — |
124 | lie | — |
125 | sit | — |
126 | stand | — |
127 | turn | — |
128 | fall | — |
129 | give | — |
130 | hold | — |
131 | squeeze | — |
132 | rub | — |
133 | wash | — |
134 | wipe | — |
135 | pull | — |
136 | push | — |
137 | throw | — |
138 | tie | — |
139 | sew | — |
140 | count | — |
141 | say | — |
142 | sing | — |
143 | play | — |
144 | float | — |
145 | flow | — |
146 | freeze | — |
147 | swell | — |
148 | sun | — |
149 | moon | — |
150 | star | — |
151 | water | — |
151 | rain | — |
152 | river | — |
153 | lake | — |
154 | sea | — |
155 | salt | — |
156 | stone | — |
157 | sand | — |
158 | dust | — |
160 | earth | — |
161 | cloud | — |
162 | fog | — |
163 | sky | — |
164 | wind | — |
165 | snow | — |
166 | ice | — |
167 | smoke | — |
168 | fire | — |
169 | ash | — |
170 | burn | — |
171 | road | — |
172 | mountain | — |
173 | red | — |
174 | green | — |
175 | yellow | — |
176 | white | — |
177 | black | — |
178 | night | — |
179 | day | — |
180 | year | — |
181 | warm | — |
182 | cold | — |
183 | full | — |
184 | new | — |
185 | old | — |
186 | good | — |
187 | bad | — |
188 | rotten | — |
189 | dirty | — |
190 | straight | — |
191 | round | — |
192 | sharp | — |
193 | dull | — |
194 | smooth | — |
195 | wet | — |
196 | dry | — |
197 | correct | — |
198 | near | — |
199 | far | — |
200 | right | — |
201 | left | — |
202 | at | — |
203 | in | — |
204 | with | — |
205 | and | — |
206 | if | — |
207 | because | — |
208 | name | — |