Acallese

Acallese acallá
Type	Synthetic
Alignment	Nominative-Accusative
Head direction	Mixed
Tonal	No
Declensions	Yes
Conjugations	Yes
Genders	Masculine-Feminine
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect
Meta-information
Progress	0%
Statistics Nouns 0% Verbs 0% Adjectives 0% Syntax 0% Words of 1500
Creator	[[User:|]]

Acallese is a rather posteriori Romance conlang inspired by a number of Romance and Germanic languages. Its major inspiration and influences are French and Spanish, followed by Catalan, Italian, German, English, Sardinian and Corsican. Acallese is supposed to be an easy-to-use/school-friendly yet exciting conlang, at least for its creator, who is its alpha user.

Phonology (La Fonológia)

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m			n
Plosive	p b		t d				k g
Fricative		f		s z	ʃ ʒ
Affricate					tʃ
Approximant						j	w
Trill				r
Lateral				l

The voiced stops may have intervocalic fricative allophones /β, ð, ɣ/ (fablá, cidad, lago).

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e		o
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low		a

Phonotactics

Acallese syllable structure can be summarized as follows; parentheses enclose optional components:

• (C₁ (C_{2 (}C₃))) (S₁) V (S₂) (C₃ (C₄))

Acallese syllable structure consists of an optional syllable onset, consisting of one or two consonants; an obligatory syllable nucleus, consisting of a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, consisting of one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:

• Onset
  • First consonant (C₁): Can be /s/ or a labiodental fricative.
  • First consonant (C₂): Can be any stop or /f/.
  • Third consonant (C₃): If and only if the second consonant is a stop /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ/ or a voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, a second consonant, always a liquid /l, r/, is permitted. Exceptions: /tl/ and /dl/
• Nucleus
  • Semivowel (S₁)
  • Vowel (V)
  • Semivowel (S₂)
• Coda
  • First consonant (C₃): Can be any consonant
  • Second consonant (C₄): Most often /s/, but can be /ɡ/ after /n/ in English loanwords like marketing. A coda combination of two consonants appears only in loanwords (mainly from Classical Latin) but never in words inherited from Vulgar Latin.
  • Medial codas assimilate place features of the following onsets and are often stressed.

Stress

Acallese stress is functional: to change the placement of stress changes the meaning of a sentence or phrase.

Transcription

In traditional transcription, primary stress is marked with an acute accent (´) over the vowel. Unstressed parts of a word are emphasized by placing a breve (˘) over the vowel if a mark is needed, or it is left unmarked.

Position

Stress usually occurs in three positions in Acallese: on the final syllable, the penultimate syllable, or the antepenultimate syllable.

Alphabet (L'Alfabeto)

Letter	Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Ll	Mm
Name	a	bé	cé	dé	é	efi	gi	ha	i	jo	el	em
Sound	/a/	/b/	/k, tʃ1/	/d/	/e, ɛ2/	/f/	/g, ʒ1/	/Ø/	/i, j/	/ʒ/	/l/	/m/
Letter	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq*	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Xx	Zz
Name	en	o	pé	cu	er	es	té	u	ve	xi	zet
Sound	/n/	/o, ɔ2/	/p/	/k/	/r/	/s/	/t/	/u, w/	/v/	/ks, s1/	/z/
*only appears in the digraph qu /k/, which is used to represent the sound after /e, ɛ, i/.

¹before /e, ɛ, i/

²at the final unstressed syllable

The letters K, W and Y are also used, but they are only used in loanwords (although the K used in the prefix kilo- (kilométro, kilobíto) is very common).

Grammar (Le Gramaticó)

The Article (L'Articulo)

The definite article (L'articulo definito)

The definite articles are declined to gender and number. They correspond to English the.

Definite articles in Acallese

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	le, l'	la, l'
Plural	les	las

le and la change to l' when following a vowel or a silent h.

Examples:

• le cato - the cat
• la flore - the flower
• l'avio ♂ - the airplane
• les cate - the cats
• las flori - the flowers

The indefinite article (L'articulo indefinito)

The indefinite articles are also declined to gender and number. They correspond to English a and an.

Indefinite articles in Acallese

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	un	una
Plural	unos	unas

Examples:

• un cato - a cat
• una flore - a flower
• unos catos - some cats
• unas flores - some flowers

The partitive article (L'articulo definito)

The partitive articles are used to indicate an indefinite portion of something uncountable, or an indefinite number of something countable. They correspond to English some.

Definite articles in Acallese

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	do, d'	dé la, dé l'
Plural	des

do changes to d' when following a vowel or silent h.

Examples:

• jus de rasino - grape juice
• vase dé la flori - vase of flowers
• jus d'orange - orange juice

Nouns (Les Nomes)

Gender (Gendro)

Every Acallese noun has a grammatical gender, either masculine or feminine.