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Changes: Adwan/Irregular Verbs

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Irregular verbs, though not as abundant as they are in other languages such as English, are quite common amongst importat, common vowels in Adwan. Irregular verbs pose problems in Adwan, for while ''some'' are merely person-conjugation changes and keep regular verb affixes, others completely alter them.
  
Irregular verbs, though not as abundant as they are in other languages such as English, are quite common amongst importat, common vowels in Adwan. Irregular verbs pose problems in Adwan, for while ''some'' are merely person-conjugation changes and keep regular verb affixes, others completely alter them.
   
 
The consistency between irregular verbs is not very good, as many of them differ in the typs of irregularities.
  
The consistency between irregular verbs is not very good, as many of them differ in the typs of irregularities.
 
==To Be - Þuðan==
  
==To Be - Þuðan==
−
The verb "þuðan" in Adwan is among the '''most''' irregular verbs in Adwan. Unlike common regular verbs, the verb ''to be'' has lost its agglutinative nature. Tenses are still being conjugated into the verb, as are moods and the middle voice, though the distinction between aspect relies on auxilliary verbs. These verbs are, as a matter of fact, copular verbs and, while they mean the same thing as the regular verbs, they are not used in the same fashion. Below is a list of ''Þuðan's'' basic conjugation with tense, aspect, and other constructions. Being irregular, Þuðan's participle shows no relation not only to the infinitive, but to the stem, which in itself is already increadibly irregular and tends to vary from person to person and tense to tense. Please note, however, that auxilliary verbs tend to mimic, if only weakly, the verb's actual conjugation.
  
   
  +
The verb "þuðan" in Adwan is among the '''most''' irregular verbs in Adwan. The verb ''to be'' governs the ''accusative''. The participle root, rather than ''þuðan'', is ''Þi''-. The participle used below is masculine singular.
−
The verb ''to be'' follows the V3 rule, however, participles account for their own lexical item and not a verb, therefore leaving them with free placement (though usually, the participle goes after the verb, unless a personal pronoun isn't used). Along with that, the verb ''to be'' governs the ''accusative''.
  
  +
{| style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240);"
−
{|
  
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|infinitive
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|To be - Þuðan
 +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þuðan
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|gerund
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|Participle: Thyð
 +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þuðanöð
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|''Perfective''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|participle
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Present
 +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þiego
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Past
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Future
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|progressive
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="text-align: center;"|singular
 +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|goran þiego
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|Active voice
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|singular
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|plural
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|indicative
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
  +
| align="center"|það
  +
| align="center"|éð / þus
  +
| align="center"|þyð
  +
| align="center"|þulað
  +
| align="center"|scech / þusc
  +
| align="center"|þyla
  +
|-
  +
! style="height: 2px; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
  +
| align="center"|þera
  +
| align="center"|þwess
  +
| align="center"|þidha
  +
| align="center"|þurla
  +
| align="center"|þurli
  +
| align="center"|þyrta
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þertéi
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þuriá
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þyrtí
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þurnáu
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þurviú
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þuriín
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|subjunctive
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þedha
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þiuss
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þiða
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þauł
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þiusci
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þyłma
  +
|-
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þégca
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þwysc
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þiva
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þaghúł
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þiuva
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þnyða
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þresgta
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þúridha
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þyfca
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þiełcau
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þiuða
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þiðucðna
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|conditional
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|present
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þassað
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þuzyð
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þywa
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þausył
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þvuscy
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þyłta
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|past
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þerssað
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þuzgvað
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þyswa
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þaryłás
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þiuvyð
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þyvtas
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|imperative
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|affirmative
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þuðu
 
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|
  
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|
−
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|plural
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þalcðu
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þusgtvu
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|negative
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þutaðu
 
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|
  
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þaltacðu
−
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|singular
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þusgtatvu
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
|}
−
| style="text-align: center;"|plural
  
  +
''Éð'' and ''scech'' are used when a verbal phrase contains pronouns, while ''þus'' and ''þuš'' are used in pro-dropping situations.
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
==To Do - Goran==
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|singular
  
  +
{| style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240);"
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|infinitive
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|plural
  
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|goran
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|gerund
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
  
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|gorandgy<br />
−
|það
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þulað
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þera
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
  
−
|þurla
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þertéi
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þurnáu
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|participle
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
  
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|goreigo<br />
−
|þus
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þuš
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þwess
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
  
−
|þurli
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þurjá
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þurviú
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
 +
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|progressive
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|goran goreigo<br />
−
|þyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þyla
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þidha
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
  
−
|þyrta
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þyrtí
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|þuríng
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); text-align: center;"|passive
−
| colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|''Perfect''
 +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þuðan goreigo
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|Active voice
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|Auxilliary: Faðan (irregular)
 +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|singular
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|plural
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Present
  
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Past
  
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Future
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|indicative
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|singular
  
  +
| align="center"|gor
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
| align="center"|go
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|plural
  
  +
| align="center"|oghe
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
| align="center"|gorna
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
| align="center"|iuvou
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|singular
  
  +
| align="center"|aghech
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|plural
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|singular
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|plural
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! style="height: 2px; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
  
  +
| align="center"|ourí
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|fað thyð
  
  +
| align="center"|öráy
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
  
  +
| align="center"|agí
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|fascau thyð
  
  +
| align="center"|aurcðí
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
  +
| align="center"|ufóð
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
  
  +
| align="center"|agích
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|vaira thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|furla thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|favéi thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|vufnau thyð
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
 +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|faða thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ornéð
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ouðá
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|faghöð thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|eghý
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|aufágh
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ouðavu
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|vess thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|eghých
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|furli thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|favjú thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|fuviú thyð
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|subjunctive
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
  
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|vyð thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
 +
| style="text-align: center;"|cir
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|faschím thyð
 +
| style="text-align: center;"|ci
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="text-align: center;"|igha
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
 +
| style="text-align: center;"|cirne
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|vidha thyð
 +
| style="text-align: center;"|iövidhö
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
 +
| style="text-align: center;"|ighach
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|fyrta thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|faftí thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|fudhing thyð
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|''Imperfective''
 +
| style="text-align: center;"|idhöry
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|ureidhy
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|egý
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|edhörcðý
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|öfíð
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|egých
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|Auxilliary: Jouran (irregular)
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|irnáð
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|idhöðé
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|aghí
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|idhöfégh
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|idhöðevö
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|aghích
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|conditional
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Present
 +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|present
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cyr
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cvy
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Past
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ygha
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cyrne
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|iövydhö
−
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|Future
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|yghach
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|past
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|singular
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cönn
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cnöry
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|plural
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cöna
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cönnty
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cnorssty
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|singular
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cönach
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|plural
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|singular
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|plural
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
 +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|imperative
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|jou thyð
 +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|affirmative
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|jaus thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|iova<br />
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ovmau<br />
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|jaira thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|övemcg<br />
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|jurla thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ja''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|jouréi thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Nau''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|jufnau thyð
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
 +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|negative
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|ghus thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ovásc ta<br />
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|ghöis thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ovmáu ta<br />
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|övémcg ta<br />
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|ghess thyð
 +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|ghurli thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Ġu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|ghafjú thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Viu''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|ghuviú thyð
  
−
|-
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|chys thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|chidhys thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|chidha thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|ghyrta thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Övy''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|chaftí thyð
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|''Öving''
  
−
| style="vertical-align: top;"|chudhing thyð
  
 
|}
  
|}
−
==To Go - Ton==
  
−
The verb for ''to go'', ''Ton'', is different from the verb ''to be''. While the conjugation and affixes change, the past participle stays the same for Ton. Note that only tense and aspect affixes change. Voice, mood and polarity affixes remain the same, as do other verb modifiers (the supine ďy-/ďyk, the gerund na-/nan-, etc).
  
−  
−  
−  
   
  +
==To Go - Tan==
  +
{| style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240);"
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|infinitive
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|tan
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|gerund
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|tavyn (''nom. sg''), roo: ''tavn-''<br />
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|participle
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|cgego<br />
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|progressive
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|goran cgego<br />
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); text-align: center;"|passive
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þuðan cgego
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|Active voice
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|singular
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|plural
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|indicative
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
  +
| align="center"|tas
  +
| align="center"|tus
  +
| align="center"|te
  +
| align="center"|taus
  +
| align="center"|tiusc
  +
| align="center"|tyła
  +
|-
  +
! style="height: 2px; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
  +
| align="center"|tasié
  +
| align="center"|tussés
  +
| align="center"|tełú
  +
| align="center"|tascieun
  +
| align="center"|tiuscoun
  +
| align="center"|tíłynin
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|taréy
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tuséy
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tenéy
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tauserá
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|touvienú
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|týłiney
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|subjunctive
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|tasa
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|tusyt
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|test
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|taghust
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|tighust
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|tyłta
  +
|-
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|ċasa
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|cguty
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|styty
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|ċausca
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|cgencu
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|dgyma
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ċasá
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgutý
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|stytý
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|ċauscá
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgencú
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|dgymá
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|conditional
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|present
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tysa
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tysu
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tysse
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tyzau
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tyzusc
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tyzył
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|past
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tidhas
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tidhus
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tidhys
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tizcau
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tizcusc
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|tizcył
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|imperative
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|affirmative
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgy<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgou<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgeusc<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|negative
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgy ta<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgou ta<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|cgeusc ta<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
|}
  +
Essentially, the past and the future tense in the subjunctive are the same, differentiating between tenses by the use of stress.
 
==To Have - Þuran==
  
==To Have - Þuran==
−
The verb ''Þuran'', or ''to have'', follows the same rules as ''Ton'' when it comes to affixes.
 +
The verb ''Þuran'', or ''to have'', is also irregular in conjugation. The participle root is ''þr''-.
  +
{| style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240);"
−
[[Category:Languages]]
  
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|infinitive
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þuran
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|gerund
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|að þernenc<br />
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|participle
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þrago<br />
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"|progressive
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|goran þrago<br />
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); text-align: center;"|passive
  +
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"|þuðan þrago
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|Active voice
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|singular
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|plural
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|first
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|second
  +
! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228); width: 12.5%;"|third
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|indicative
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
  +
| align="center"|þar
  +
| align="center"|þru
  +
| align="center"|þynn
  +
| align="center"|þrau
  +
| align="center"|þrun
  +
| align="center"|þnyr
  +
|-
  +
! style="height: 2px; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
  +
| align="center"|þaisc
  +
| align="center"|þeuð
  +
| align="center"|þyva
  +
| align="center"|þamur
  +
| align="center"|þirösk
  +
| align="center"|þirym
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrey
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þurás
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þyrnéy
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þaumí
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þörísgc
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þyftí
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|subjunctive
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|present
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þragha
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þruina
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þyssas
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þrassu
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þrissö
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þnyssi
  +
|-
  +
! style="height: 2em; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(192, 207, 228);"|past
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þrauva
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þreuva
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þyvna
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þraussa
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þirssa
  +
| style="text-align: center;"|þirvössk
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|future
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrautá
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þreutá
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrytá
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrautáss
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þreutáss
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrychtáss
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|conditional
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|present
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þysar
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrysu
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þysynn
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrysau
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrysun
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þnysyr
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228); height: 2px;"|past
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þystárt
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrystúð
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þystýnc
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þystráur
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrystúnð
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þnystyrc
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|imperative
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|affirmative
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þiurör<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þauröy<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrösc<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
|-
  +
! style="vertical-align: top; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(192, 207, 228);"|negative
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þiurtta<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þaurtta<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"|þrösgta<br />
  +
| style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"| --
  +
|}
  +
[[Category:Adwan]]

Latest revision as of 23:57, 6 July 2014

Irregular verbs, though not as abundant as they are in other languages such as English, are quite common amongst importat, common vowels in Adwan. Irregular verbs pose problems in Adwan, for while some are merely person-conjugation changes and keep regular verb affixes, others completely alter them.

The consistency between irregular verbs is not very good, as many of them differ in the typs of irregularities.

To Be - Þuðan

The verb "þuðan" in Adwan is among the most irregular verbs in Adwan. The verb to be governs the accusative. The participle root, rather than þuðan, is Þi-. The participle used below is masculine singular.

infinitive þuðan
gerund þuðanöð
participle þiego
progressive goran þiego
Active voice singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative present það éð / þus þyð þulað scech / þusc þyla
past þera þwess þidha þurla þurli þyrta
future þertéi þuriá þyrtí þurnáu þurviú þuriín
subjunctive present þedha þiuss þiða þauł þiusci þyłma
past þégca þwysc þiva þaghúł þiuva þnyða
future þresgta þúridha þyfca þiełcau þiuða þiðucðna
conditional present þassað þuzyð þywa þausył þvuscy þyłta
past þerssað þuzgvað þyswa þaryłás þiuvyð þyvtas
imperative affirmative -- þuðu þalcðu þusgtvu --
negative -- þutaðu þaltacðu þusgtatvu --

Éð and scech are used when a verbal phrase contains pronouns, while þus and þuš are used in pro-dropping situations.

To Do - Goran

infinitive goran
gerund gorandgy
participle goreigo
progressive goran goreigo
passive þuðan goreigo
Active voice singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative present gor go oghe gorna iuvou aghech
past ourí öráy agí aurcðí ufóð agích
future ornéð ouðá eghý aufágh ouðavu eghých
subjunctive present cir ci igha cirne iövidhö ighach
past idhöry ureidhy egý edhörcðý öfíð egých
future irnáð idhöðé aghí idhöfégh idhöðevö aghích
conditional present cyr cvy ygha cyrne iövydhö yghach
past cönn cnöry cöna cönnty cnorssty cönach
imperative affirmative -- iova
 -- ovmau
 övemcg
 --
negative -- ovásc ta
 -- ovmáu ta
 övémcg ta
 --

To Go - Tan

infinitive tan
gerund tavyn (nom. sg), roo: tavn-
participle cgego
progressive goran cgego
passive þuðan cgego
Active voice singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative present tas tus te taus tiusc tyła
past tasié tussés tełú tascieun tiuscoun tíłynin
future taréy tuséy tenéy tauserá touvienú týłiney
subjunctive present tasa tusyt test taghust tighust tyłta
past ċasa cguty styty ċausca cgencu dgyma
future ċasá cgutý stytý ċauscá cgencú dgymá
conditional present tysa tysu tysse tyzau tyzusc tyzył
past tidhas tidhus tidhys tizcau tizcusc tizcył
imperative affirmative -- cgy
 -- cgou
 cgeusc
 --
negative -- cgy ta
 -- cgou ta
 cgeusc ta
 --

Essentially, the past and the future tense in the subjunctive are the same, differentiating between tenses by the use of stress.

To Have - Þuran

The verb Þuran, or to have, is also irregular in conjugation. The participle root is þr-.

infinitive þuran
gerund að þernenc
participle þrago
progressive goran þrago
passive þuðan þrago
Active voice singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative present þar þru þynn þrau þrun þnyr
past þaisc þeuð þyva þamur þirösk þirym
future þrey þurás þyrnéy þaumí þörísgc þyftí
subjunctive present þragha þruina þyssas þrassu þrissö þnyssi
past þrauva þreuva þyvna þraussa þirssa þirvössk
future þrautá þreutá þrytá þrautáss þreutáss þrychtáss
conditional present þysar þrysu þysynn þrysau þrysun þnysyr
past þystárt þrystúð þystýnc þystráur þrystúnð þnystyrc
imperative affirmative -- þiurör
 -- þauröy
 þrösc
 --
negative -- þiurtta
 -- þaurtta
 þrösgta
 --
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