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<div align="center" style="background: #33ffff; border: 3px solid #9900cc; padding: .4em; margin-bottom: 6px; font-size: 95%; width: 98%;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">'''<font color="9900cc">The creator of Hwayi, [[User:Olive11224|Olive11224]], asks of thee not to alter this page in any way.</font>'''<br /><font color="216c69">Many details may be contradictory, but leave it be. There is no need for you to erroneously edit information. Comments, criticism, hate, and concerns are all welcome.</font></div>
 +
<div align="center" style="background: #33ffff; border: 3px solid #9900cc; padding: .4em; margin-bottom: 6px; font-size: 95%; width: 98%;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">'''<font color="9900cc">The creator of Ahoreni, [[User:Olive11224|Olive11224]], has put this Conlang on hiatus.</font>'''<br />Dumping Chinese on Finnish does not a language make.</div>
 
{{LangTitle| }}
  
{{LangTitle| }}
  +
  +
 
{{Template:LangBox
  
{{Template:LangBox
 
|Type =Agglutinative
  
|Type =Agglutinative
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|Phonology =
 
|Phonology =
 
|Words = 10
  
|Words = 10
−
|Creator = Olive11224|Name = Hwayi|NativeName = 화이|TargetLexiconSize = 1500}}
 +
|Creator = Olive11224|Name = Oheooreoni|NativeName = 오흐러니|TargetLexiconSize = 1500}}
   
 
=='''General Information'''==
  
=='''General Information'''==
−
'''Hwayi''' (Haqi: 魂语，Hagu: 화이 IPA: /xwa.i/) is an agglutinative language spoken around the Changbai mountains. It is considered stable, with a population of about ~2,275,000 speakers. The language is vastly innovative, with much assimiation from middle chinese and korean. Thus, recent loanwords may conjugate differently compared to naturalized and natural lexicon.
 +
'''Ahoreni''' (Honze: 魂语，Oheureoze: 오흐러니 IPA: /oxrɤni/) is an agglutinative language spoken around the Changbai mountains. It is considered stable, with a population of about ~2,275,000 speakers. The language is vastly innovative, with much assimilation from middle Chinese and Korean.
   
−
=='''Origin'''==
  
   
  +
=='''The Ahoro People'''==
  +
The Ahoro people have historically occupied much territory, from Primorsky Krai to Shandong. 
   
  +
Since the formation of North Korea, it is likely that the population in North Korea has assimilated with North Korean culture and philosophy. Thus, the population may no longer speak Ahoreni.
−
=='''The Hwa People'''==
  
−
The Hwa people have historically occupied much territory, from Primorsky Krai to Shandong. 
  
−  
−
Since the formation of North Korea, it is likely that the population in North Korea has assimilated with North Korean culture and philosophy. Thus, the population may no longer speak Hwayi.
  
   
 
=='''Phonology'''==
  
=='''Phonology'''==
Line 63: Line 63:
   
 
! colspan="1" |Bilabial
  
! colspan="1" |Bilabial
−  
−
! colspan="1" |Labio-Dental
  
   
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Alveolar
  
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Alveolar
   
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Alveolo-Palatal
  
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Alveolo-Palatal
−  
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Retroflex
  
   
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Palatal
  
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Palatal
   
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Velar
  
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Velar
−  
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Glottal
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! colspan="2" |Nasal
  
! colspan="2" |Nasal
   
 
|m
  
|m
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|n
  
|n
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|ŋ
  
|ŋ
−  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
  
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
Line 101: Line 89:
   
 
|p
  
|p
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|t
  
|t
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|k 
  
|k 
−  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
!<small>aspirated</small>
  
!<small>aspirated</small>
   
 
|pʰ
  
|pʰ
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|tʰ
  
|tʰ
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|kʰ
  
|kʰ
−  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" |
  
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" |
 
Fricative
  
Fricative
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
   
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|ɕ
  
|ɕ
   
  +
|
−
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" |ʂ
  
   
 
|x
  
|x
−  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! rowspan="2" |Affricate
  
! rowspan="2" |Affricate
   
 
!<small>unaspirated</small>
  
!<small>unaspirated</small>
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|tɕ
  
|tɕ
−  
−
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" |ʈʂ
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|-
  
|-
 
!<small>aspirated</small>
  
!<small>aspirated</small>
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|tɕʰ
  
|tɕʰ
−  
−
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" |ʈʂʰ
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan="2" |Trill
 +
! colspan="2" |Tap
   
 
|
  
|
   
−
|
 +
|ɾ
−  
−
|r
  
−  
−
|
  
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|-
  
|-
 
! colspan="2" |Approximant
  
! colspan="2" |Approximant
−  
−
|
  
   
 
|
  
|
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|
  
|
   
  +
|j, ɥ
−
|
  
−  
−
|j, ɥ
  
−  
−
|w
  
   
 
|
  
|
 
|}
  
|}
−
*[r] may shorten to [ɾ], as long as [r] is not the initial consonant.
  
−
*The retroflex series does not occur before the vowel /i/.
  
 
*Coda nasals differs depending on the initial consonant of the next syllable.
  
*Coda nasals differs depending on the initial consonant of the next syllable.
 
** Before bilabial consonants: /m/
  
** Before bilabial consonants: /m/
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|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|ɯ*, u
 +
|ɯ, u
 
|-
  
|-
 
!Near-close
  
!Near-close
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|
  
|
 
|}
  
|}
−
*Hwayi does not employ phonemic vowel or consonant length.
 +
*Ahoreni does not employ phonemic vowel or consonant length.
 
==='''Vowel Clusters'''===
  
==='''Vowel Clusters'''===
−
In Hwayi, many vowel clusters may consist of a Pure Vowel/Diphthong and a glide.
 +
In Ahoreni, many vowel clusters may consist of a Pure Vowel/Diphthong and a glide.
 
{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
  
{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
 
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Main Vowel
  
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Main Vowel
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|-
  
|-
 
|a
  
|a
−
|/an/
 +
|[an]
−
|/am/
 +
|[am]
−
|/ɑŋ/
 +
|[ɑŋ~oŋ]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|i
  
|i
−
|/in/
 +
|[in]
−
|/im/
 +
|[im]
−
|/iŋ/
 +
|[iŋ]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|e
  
|e
−
|/e/
 +
|[e]
−
|/em/
 +
|[em]
−
|/eŋ/
 +
|[eŋ]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|ɤ
  
|ɤ
 
|[ən]
  
|[ən]
−
|/ɤm/
 +
|[ɤm]
−
|/ɤŋ
 +
|[ɤŋ]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|o
  
|o
  +
|[on]
−
|/ɔn/
  
  +
|[om]
−
|/ɔm/
  
  +
|[oŋ]
−
|/ɔŋ/
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|u
  
|u
−
|/un/
 +
|[un]
−
|/um/
 +
|[um]
−
|/uŋ/
 +
|[uŋ]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|y
  
|y
−
|/yn/
 +
|[yn]
−
|/ym/
 +
|[ym]
−
|/yŋ/
 +
|[yŋ]
 
|-
  
|-
 
|ɯ
  
|ɯ
−
|/n̩/
 +
|[n̩]
−
|/m̩/
 +
|[m̩]
−
|/ŋ̍/
 +
|[ŋ̍]
 
|}
  
|}
   
   
  +
'''Phonotactics'''
−
===== '''*Analyzation of /ɯ/ after Certain Consonants''' =====
  
−
{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
  
−
! style="width: 90px;" |Alveolar
  
−
! style="width: 90px;" |Retroflex
  
−
! style="width: 90px;" |Bilabial
  
−
! style="width: 90px;" |Velar
  
−
|-
  
−
|z̩
  
−
|ʐ̣
  
−
|ɯ
  
−
|ɯ
  
−
|}
  
−
*[ɯ] is often devoiced after velar consonants.
  
−  
−
==='''Phonotactics'''===
  
−  
−
* The language's main syllable structure is (C)N(F)
  
−
** C = Consonant
  
−
** N = Nucleus
  
−
** F = Alveolar Nasal
  
−
==='''Sound Changes From Proto-Atyarau-Qi'''===
  
   
  +
* The language's main syllable structure is (C)(C)(v)V(v)(C)(C)
  +
**Due to Chinese influence, consonant clusters have been mis-analysed as a resultant of vowel dropping.
   
 
=='''Writing System'''==
  
=='''Writing System'''==
−
This language usually uses a heavily modified variation of the Korean alphabet in conjunction with a Chinese- based logography. The alphabet shown here is similar to the actual alphabet.
 +
This language usually uses the Korean alphabet.
−  
−
{| class="article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 650px; text-align:center"
  
−
! scope="row" |Letter
  
−
|ㄴ
  
−
|ㅁ
  
−
|ㆁ
  
−
|ㄷ
  
−
|ㅂ
  
−
|ㄱ
  
−
|ㅅ
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Sound
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/n/, ⟨n⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/m/, /ɱ/, ⟨m⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/ŋ/, ⟨ng⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/t/, ⟨d⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/p/, ⟨b⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/k/, ⟨g⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/s/, ⟨s⟩
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Letter
  
−
|ᄼ
  
−
|ᄾ
  
−
|ㅈ
  
−
|ᅎ
  
−
|ᅐ
  
−
|ㅊ
  
−
|ᅔ
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Sound
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/ɕ/, ⟨x⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/ʂ/, ⟨sh⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/tsʰ/, ⟨c⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/tɕʰ, ⟨q⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/tʂʰ/, ⟨ch⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/ts/, ⟨z⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/tɕ/, ⟨j⟩
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Letter
  
−
|ᅕ
  
−
|ㅌ
  
−
|ㅍ
  
−
|ㅋ
  
−
|ㆆ
  
−
|ㄹ
  
−
|ㅎ
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Sound
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/tʂ/, ⟨zh⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/tʰ/, ⟨t⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/pʰ/, ⟨p⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/kʰ/, ⟨k⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/r/, ⟨r⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/l/, ⟨l⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/x/, ⟨h⟩
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Letter
  
−
|ㅡ
  
−
|ㅜ
  
−
|ㅏ
  
−
|ㅣ
  
−
|ㅑ
  
−
|ㅗ
  
−
|ㅓ
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Sound
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/i/, ⟨i⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/y/, ⟨ui⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/ɤ/, ⟨e⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/a/, ⟨a⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/o/, ⟨o⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/u/, ⟨u⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/e/, ⟨ae⟩
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Letter
  
−
|ㅕ
  
−
|[[File:Screenshot_(41).png|thumb|left|3px]]
  
−
|[[File:Screenshot_(42).png|thumb|left|5px]]
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Sound
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/ɯ/, ⟨eu⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/u̯/, ⟨u⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/ɪ̯/, ⟨i⟩
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |
  
−
|}
  
   
 
=='''Grammar'''==
  
=='''Grammar'''==
−
The language is SOV. Hwayi is traditionally suffixing.
 +
The language is SOV. Ahoreni is traditionally suffixing.
   
 
{{agreement
  
{{agreement
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|ParticleVoices = }}
  
|ParticleVoices = }}
   
−
==='''Noun phrases'''===
 +
==='''Noun Phrases'''===
  +
−
Nouns in Hwayi lack grammatical gender, articles and number. In order to show number and definiteness, the noun must be bound to a classifier.
  
  +
===='''Postpositions'''====
  +
Hwayi uses postpositional particles to mark grammatical features such as cases, locative, and spatial relations.
   
−
Example 1: 애태왜猫 ''Etewemani, ''literally one [classifier- small animate] cat.
  
   
−
Example 2: 사왜猫 ''Sawemani, ''literally this [classifier- small animate] cat.
  
   
 
{| class="article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 600px; text-align:center"
  
{| class="article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 600px; text-align:center"
−
! scope="row" |Case
 +
! scope="row" |Use
  +
|                      Particle                       
−
| -a, ae, iu, i
  
−
| -u, eu, e, o
  
−
| -n, ng, m
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! scope="row" |
  
! scope="row" |
  +
Subjective
−
Nominative
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | - Ø
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Ø
  +
|-
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | <span style="font-weight:normal;">- Ø</span>
  
  +
! scope="row" |Topical
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | - <span style="font-weight:normal;">Ø</span>
  
  +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | gwa
 
|-
  
|-
 
! scope="row" |
  
! scope="row" |
 
Accusative
  
Accusative
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -yin
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | jin
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -un
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -ate
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |''Example''
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Tekagae > Tekagaeyin
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Arawu > Arawun
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |Yoshon > Yoshonate
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! scope="row" |
  
! scope="row" |
−
Dative
 +
Dative-Instrumental
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -yae
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | ye
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -ge
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -amin
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |''Example''
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Kita > Kitayae
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Ge > Gege
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |Sabarun > Sabarunamin
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! scope="row" |
  
! scope="row" |
 
Genitive
  
Genitive
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -in
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | ze
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -on
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -laeyo
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |''Example''
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Ori > Orin
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Oseu > Oseuon
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |Kagazen > Kagazenlaeyo
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! scope="row" |
  
! scope="row" |
 
Vocative
  
Vocative
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -qywan
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | o
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | -s<span style="font-weight:normal;">un</span>
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |<span style="font-weight:normal;">- a</span>
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! scope="row" |''Example''
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Maexi > Maexiqywan
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |
  
−
Meyo > Meyosun
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |Puran > Purana
  
−
|}
  
−
Hwayi also uses postpositions to show spatial relations.
  
−  
−
{| class="article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 600px; text-align:center"
  
 
! scope="row" |
  
! scope="row" |
  +
Subessive
−
Definition
  
  +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | hio
−
| Postposition
  
−
| Example
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! scope="row" |In (Inessive)
 +
! scope="row" |
  +
Superessive
−  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | ae<span style="font-weight:normal;">li</span>
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | osli
−  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Inside the house.
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:bold;">At (Adessive)</span>
 +
! scope="row" |
  +
Inessive
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | ili
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | At the house.
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | pahr
 
|-
  
|-
−
! scope="row" |To (Lative)
 +
! scope="row" |
  +
Exessive
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | aidi
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |To the house, <span style="font-weight:normal;">into the house.</span>
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | moo
 
|-
  
|-
−
! scope="row" |From (Ablative)
 +
! scope="row" |
  +
Ablative
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | iyiu
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |From the house.
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | son
  +
|-
  +
! scope="row" |
  +
Lative
  +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | beun
 
|}
  
|}
  +
Ahoreni also uses postpositions to show spatial relations.
−  
−  
−  
−  
   
   
Line 706: Line 512:
   
   
−
Hwayi has a four-way distinction between demonstratives, similar to the Northern Sami languages. (Proximal, Mesioproximal, Mesiodistal and Distal.)
 +
Ahoreni has a three-way distinction between demonstratives determiners (Proximal, Medial, and Distal.)
   
 
{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
  
{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
Line 714: Line 520:
 
English Equivalent
  
English Equivalent
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Xwe
−
|Sawe
  
 
|Proximal
  
|Proximal
 
|This
  
|This
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Nani
−
|Nate
  
 
|
  
|
  +
Medial
−
Mesioproximal
  
 
|That (near you)
  
|That (near you)
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Jan
−
|Qaede
  
−
|Mesiodistal
  
−
|
  
−
That (same difference to both of us, rather near.)
  
−
|-
  
−
|Jiante
  
 
|Distal
  
|Distal
 
|That (far away)
  
|That (far away)
Line 739: Line 540:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:660px;"
  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:660px;"
 
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Pronunciation
  
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Pronunciation
−
! width="80" style="text-align:center" |Character
  
−
! width="160" style="text-align:left" |Use
  
 
! width="160" style="text-align:left" |Example
  
! width="160" style="text-align:left" |Example
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Yiuk
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|All objects
  
 
|~~
  
|~~
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Small objects
  
−
|Seeds, Snowflakes
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Large objects
  
−
|Cars, Tigers
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Massive objects
  
−
|Mountains, Planets
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Sentient beings
  
−
|Humans, Deities
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Small mammals, lizards, etc. excluding fish
  
−
|Cats, Dogs
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Large mammals, lizards, etc. excluding fish
  
−
|Lions, Komodo Dragons
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Slender objects
  
−
|Pencils, Rivers
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Circular objects.
  
−
|Drums, Bowls
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |
  
−
|Small animals
  
−
|Insects, Fish
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
====='''Quantity'''=====
  
−  
−  
−
Many classifiers may be used to demonstrate quantity. They mostly descend from the morphemes for much, ''xyo, ''and the morpheme for less, ''gata.''
  
−
{| class="article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 200px; text-align:center"
  
−
! scope="row" |Meaning
  
−
| '''Word'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |
  
−
Unspecified
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Xyogata
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Pair
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Shan
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |More than Two
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Rung
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Not Much
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Boxyo
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Not Few
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Bogata
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |A Large Quantity
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Taxyo
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |A Small Quantity
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Tagata
  
−
|-
  
−
! scope="row" |Unspecified Amount (Questions)
  
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" | Kaxi
  
 
|}
  
|}
 
===='''Numbers'''====
  
===='''Numbers'''====
Line 834: Line 552:
 
|-
  
|-
 
|One
  
|One
−
|Yin
 +
|Yet
  +
|Yuci
−
|Yiukae
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Two
  
|Two
−
|Ni
 +
|Nye
 
|Za
  
|Za
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Three
  
|Three
−
|San
 +
|Som
 
|Twe
  
|Twe
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Four
  
|Four
−
|Si
 +
|Sye
  +
|Knai
−
|Kani
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Five
  
|Five
 
|Ngo
  
|Ngo
  +
|Liu
−
|Lywiu
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Six
  
|Six
  +
|Leuk
−
|Lyung
  
 
|Co
  
|Co
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Seven
  
|Seven
  +
|Cyet
−
|Tsin
  
  +
|Sba
−
|Siba
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Eight
  
|Eight
−
|Ban
 +
|Pet
 
|Hai
  
|Hai
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Nine
  
|Nine
−
|Kyu
 +
|Geu
 
|Nwa
  
|Nwa
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Ten
  
|Ten
−
|Jim
 +
|Jep
  +
|Dos
−
|Doseu
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Hundred
  
|Hundred
  +
|Pek
−
|Bang
  
  +
|Ung
−
|Ungu
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Thousand
  
|Thousand
  +
|Cen
−
|Caen
  
  +
|~
−
|Etwe
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
|Ten Thousand
  
|Ten Thousand
  +
|Man
−
|Yiuan
  
 
|Sha
  
|Sha
 
|-
  
|-
−
|One Hundred Million
 +
|Million
−
|Ying
  
−
|Qyo
  
−
|-
  
−
|Trillion
  
−
|Ryo
  
−
|Mao
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
==== '''Pronouns''' ====
  
−  
−  
−
The pronouns in Hwayi act similarly to Japanese pronouns; they aren't true pronouns. They act more similarly to regular nouns, and are sometimes derived from nouns. Also like Japanese, they are an open word class.
  
−
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:660px;"
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |First person
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Alternate Meaning
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:center" |Character
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Respect
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Gender
  
−
|-
  
−
|''me''
  
 
|~
  
|~
  +
|Eotweo
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |俉
  
−
|plain
  
−
|Male
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Hundred Million
−
|''kita''
  
−
|
 +
|Ek
  +
|Qo
−
''Affection''
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |娪
  
−
|plain
  
−
|Female
  
−
|-
  
−
|''ge''
  
−
|''~''
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |吾
  
−
|formal
  
−
|Both
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:660px;"
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Second person
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Alternate Meaning
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:center" |Character
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Respect
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Gender
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Billion
−
|''gu''
  
 
|~
  
|~
  +
|Pyiun
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |儞
  
−
|plain
  
−
|Male
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|Trillion
−
|''teu''
  
  +
|Jo
−
|''Peculiar''
  
  +
|Mau
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |嬭
  
−
|plain
  
−
|Female
  
−
|-
  
−
|''ena''
  
−
|''Compassion''
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |爾
  
−
|formal
  
−
|Both
  
−
|}
  
−
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:660px;"
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Third person
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Alternate Meaning
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:center" |Character
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Respect
  
−
! width="80" style="text-align:left" |Gender
  
−
|-
  
−
|''li''
  
−
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |''~''
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |佗
  
−
|plain
  
−
|Male
  
−
|-
  
−
|''lai''
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |𡛥
  
−
|plain
  
−
|Female
  
−
|-
  
−
|''hu''
  
−
| colspan="1" |''Elderly one''
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |它
  
−
|formal
  
−
|both
  
−
|-
  
−
|''swe''
  
−
|
  
−
''Inanimate Object''
  
−
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |砣
  
−
|plain/formal
  
−
|inanimate
  
 
|}
  
|}
  +
'''Numbers'''
   
−
====='''Reflexives'''=====
 +
==== '''Pronouns''' ====
  +
Formal pronouns usually descend from words of Chinese origin. The first person formal pronouns are formed from a first person formal pronoun and the suffix -yaowa (lit. under). Informal pronouns are usually native in origin.
   
   
  +
'''Reflexives'''
−
The only reflexive in Hwayi is ki, a suffix. It is a loanword from middle chinese. To use it, it is added as a suffix to a pronoun or a noun.
  
  +
Reflexives are formed by attaching the suffix -ki to the respective pronoun.
   
  +
==='''Verbs'''===
−
Example: ''Me eke taohan-ú twe meki-e. Lit: I(NOM) one [classifier]cup[ACC] give(Present) I[reflexive][DAT].''
  
−
===='''Adjectives'''====
  
   
   
  +
The verb system of Ahoreni is somewhat complex. The suffix taken usually depends on the vowels of the stem.
−
Adjectives must occur before a noun. 
  
−  
−  
−
==='''Verbs'''===
  
   
  +
There are no adjectives in Ahoreni. Rather, there is an attributive form of verbs which may be used as an adjective.
   
  +
The formal form is a variation of -dek (from Chinese 的), while the informal form is a variation of -eunt.
−
The verb system of Hwayi is somewhat complex.
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
 
! width="16%" |Mood
  
! width="16%" |Mood
 
! width="14%" |Polarity
  
! width="14%" |Polarity
−
! width="14%" |Voice
  
 
! width="14%" |Aspect
  
! width="14%" |Aspect
 
! width="14%" |Tense
  
! width="14%" |Tense
Line 1,007: Line 644:
 
| -<br />indicative
  
| -<br />indicative
 
| -<br />affirmative
  
| -<br />affirmative
−
| -<br />active
  
 
| -<br />simple
  
| -<br />simple
 
| ''-''<br />present
  
| ''-''<br />present
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ''-ken, kaen-''<br />conditional
 +
| ''-keon, ken-''<br />conditional
 
| ''-abe, bi-''<br />negative
  
| ''-abe, bi-''<br />negative
−
| ''-be, iba-''<br />passive
 +
| ''-zeon, zen-''<br />progressive
−
| ''-zen, zaen-''<br />progressive
  
 
| ''-can-''<br />past
  
| ''-can-''<br />past
 
|-
  
|-
 
| ''-kyo, ki-''<br />jussive
  
| ''-kyo, ki-''<br />jussive
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
| ''-wan-''<br />perfective
  
| ''-wan-''<br />perfective
−
| ''-ho, hiu-''<br />future
 +
| ''-ho, hyu-''<br />future
 
|-
  
|-
 
| ''-hwa-''<br />imperative
  
| ''-hwa-''<br />imperative
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|''-han-''<br />inchoative
  
|''-han-''<br />inchoative
Line 1,030: Line 663:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| ''-yi, eu-''<br />inferential
  
| ''-yi, eu-''<br />inferential
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 1,037: Line 669:
 
| ''-jiu, du-''<br />subjunctive
  
| ''-jiu, du-''<br />subjunctive
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
-kywai, kwau-epistemic
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 1,048: Line 685:
 
#Inferrential - Indicates a fact not witnessed directly by the speaker. ''-"John Doe told me he was running"''
  
#Inferrential - Indicates a fact not witnessed directly by the speaker. ''-"John Doe told me he was running"''
 
#Subjunctive - Indicates a thought -''"I am thinking that he is running"''
  
#Subjunctive - Indicates a thought -''"I am thinking that he is running"''
  +
#Epistemic- Indicates a statement deemed possible
 
===='''Aspect'''====
  
===='''Aspect'''====
   
−
'''Auxillary Verbs'''
 +
==='''Particles'''===
  +
The particle "ie" is used to form yes/no questions.
−  
−
Similarily to many other inflecting languages, the auxillary verb in Hwayi is irregularily conjugated.
  
−  
−
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
  
−
! width="14%" |Tense
  
−
! width="14%" |Aspect 
  
−
! width="14%" |Affirmative
  
−
! width="14%" |Negative
  
−
|-
  
−
| colspan="1" rowspan="3"|Present
  
−
|Simple
  
−
|Darae
  
−
|Gaseyo
  
−
|-
  
−
|Progressive
  
−
|Dalarae *
  
−
|~
  
−
|-
  
−
|Perfective
  
−
|Idarae **
  
−
|Idagaseyo **
  
−
|-
  
−
| colspan="1" rowspan="3"|Past
  
−
|Simple
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|Progressive
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|Perfective
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
| colspan="1" rowspan="3"|Future
  
−
|Simple
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|Progressive
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|Perfective
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|}
  
−
*Through duplication.
  
−  
−
** Through contraction of a verb phrase involving the adverb "ida", which means "stop".
  
   
 
==='''Syntax'''===
  
==='''Syntax'''===

Revision as of 01:19, 29 September 2017

The creator of Ahoreni, Olive11224, has put this Conlang on hiatus.
Dumping Chinese on Finnish does not a language make.


Oheooreoni
오흐러니
Type Agglutinative
Alignment Nominative - Accusative
Head direction Head Final
Tonal No
Declensions Yes
Conjugations Yes
Genders No
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Meta-information
Progress 1%
Statistics
Nouns 4%
Verbs 0%
Adjectives 0%
Syntax 0%
Words 10 of 1500
Creator Olive11224

General Information

Ahoreni (Honze: 魂语，Oheureoze: 오흐러니 IPA: /oxrɤni/) is an agglutinative language spoken around the Changbai mountains. It is considered stable, with a population of about ~2,275,000 speakers. The language is vastly innovative, with much assimilation from middle Chinese and Korean.


The Ahoro People

The Ahoro people have historically occupied much territory, from Primorsky Krai to Shandong. 

Since the formation of North Korea, it is likely that the population in North Korea has assimilated with North Korean culture and philosophy. Thus, the population may no longer speak Ahoreni.

Phonology

Consonants

Non phonemic consonants and vowels are in brackets.

Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo-Palatal Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive unaspirated p t k 
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ

Fricative

s ɕ x
Affricate unaspirated ts tɕ
aspirated tsʰ tɕʰ
Tap ɾ
Approximant l j, ɥ
  • Coda nasals differs depending on the initial consonant of the next syllable.
    • Before bilabial consonants: /m/
    • Before coronal consonants, glottal consonants, and if the consonant is absent : /n/
    • Before velar consonants: /ŋ/

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Back
Close i, y ɯ, u
Near-close
Close-mid e o, ɤ
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open a
  • Ahoreni does not employ phonemic vowel or consonant length.

Vowel Clusters

In Ahoreni, many vowel clusters may consist of a Pure Vowel/Diphthong and a glide.

Main Vowel Dim. Vowel Glides
Ø j w ɥ
a Ø a ja wa ɥa
ɪ aɪ jaɪ waɪ
ʊ aʊ jaʊ waʊ

ɤ

Ø ɤ jɤ wɤ
i Ø i wi
o Ø o jo wo ɥo
e Ø e je we ɥɪ
u Ø u ju
y Ø y
ɯ Ø ɯ
  • /ɥ/ may only succeed an Alveolo-Palatal consonant.
  • Bilabial consonant can not occur before /ɥ/ or /w/.

This is a list showing the possible vowel-final combinations.

Vowel Final
n m ŋ
a [an] [am] [ɑŋ~oŋ]
i [in] [im] [iŋ]
e [e] [em] [eŋ]
ɤ [ən] [ɤm] [ɤŋ]
o [on] [om] [oŋ]
u [un] [um] [uŋ]
y [yn] [ym] [yŋ]
ɯ [n̩] [m̩] [ŋ̍]


Phonotactics

  •  The language's main syllable structure is (C)(C)(v)V(v)(C)(C)
    • Due to Chinese influence, consonant clusters have been mis-analysed as a resultant of vowel dropping.

Writing System

This language usually uses the Korean alphabet.

Grammar

The language is SOV. Ahoreni is traditionally suffixing.

Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Nouns No Yes No No No No No No
Adjectives No No No No No No No No
Numbers No No No No No No No No
Participles No No No No No No No No
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns Yes Yes No No Yes No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article No No No No No No No No
Particle No No No No No No No No


Noun Phrases

Postpositions

Hwayi uses postpositional particles to mark grammatical features such as cases, locative, and spatial relations.


Use                       Particle                       

Subjective

Ø
Topical gwa

Accusative

jin

Dative-Instrumental

ye

Genitive

ze

Vocative

o

Subessive

hio

Superessive

osli

Inessive

pahr

Exessive

moo

Ablative

son

Lative

beun

Ahoreni also uses postpositions to show spatial relations.


Demonstratives

Ahoreni has a three-way distinction between demonstratives determiners (Proximal, Medial, and Distal.)

Demonstrative Definition

English Equivalent

Xwe Proximal This
Nani

Medial

That (near you)
Jan Distal That (far away)

Classifiers

Classifiers, or counter words, work similarly to Chinese, and must be bound to a noun if one were to describe number or definiteness. Here is a list of the classifiers which are commonly used.

Pronunciation Example
Yiuk ~~

Numbers

English Sino-Xenic Traditional
One Yet Yuci
Two Nye Za
Three Som Twe
Four Sye Knai
Five Ngo Liu
Six Leuk Co
Seven Cyet Sba
Eight Pet Hai
Nine Geu Nwa
Ten Jep Dos
Hundred Pek Ung
Thousand Cen ~
Ten Thousand Man Sha
Million ~ Eotweo
Hundred Million Ek Qo
Billion ~ Pyiun
Trillion Jo Mau

Numbers

Pronouns

Formal pronouns usually descend from words of Chinese origin. The first person formal pronouns are formed from a first person formal pronoun and the suffix -yaowa (lit. under). Informal pronouns are usually native in origin.


Reflexives Reflexives are formed by attaching the suffix -ki to the respective pronoun.

Verbs

The verb system of Ahoreni is somewhat complex. The suffix taken usually depends on the vowels of the stem.

There are no adjectives in Ahoreni. Rather, there is an attributive form of verbs which may be used as an adjective.

The formal form is a variation of -dek (from Chinese 的), while the informal form is a variation of -eunt.

Mood Polarity Aspect Tense
-
indicative 		-
affirmative 		-
simple 		-
present
-keon, ken-
conditional 		-abe, bi-
negative 		-zeon, zen-
progressive 		-can-
past
-kyo, ki-
jussive 		-wan-
perfective 		-ho, hyu-
future
-hwa-
imperative 		-han-
inchoative
-yi, eu-
inferential
-jiu, du-
subjunctive

-kywai, kwau-epistemic

Mood

  1. Indicative - States a fact witnessed by the speaker, in some direct form. -"I feel/hear/see/etc. him running"
  2. Conditional - Indicates that an action depends on another event -"If the motion of his legs is propelling him forward, he is running"
  3. Jussive - Indicates a desire -"I want to run"
  4. Imperative - Indicates a command -"You must run"
  5. Inferrential - Indicates a fact not witnessed directly by the speaker. -"John Doe told me he was running"
  6. Subjunctive - Indicates a thought -"I am thinking that he is running"
  7. Epistemic- Indicates a statement deemed possible

Aspect

Particles

The particle "ie" is used to form yes/no questions.

Syntax

Lexicon

Example text

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.  

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