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===Consonants===
 
===Consonants===
   
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==Grammar==
 
==Grammar==
 
 
=== Nouns ===
 
=== Nouns ===
   

Revision as of 20:31, 8 March 2020


Akëla
Type Fusional
Alignment Nominative-Accusative
Head direction Head-Initial
Tonal No
Declensions Yes
Conjugations Yes
Genders Pronouns only. Animate, inanimate, deities
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Meta-information
Progress 95%
Statistics
Nouns 98%
Verbs 100%
Adjectives 100%
Syntax 98%
Words 42 of 1500
Creator Sgt Haleakala

Classification and Dialects

It is one of the many rich and vibrant languages of the planet Jaalvar, which is known by the Akëli tribe as Fosena. Akëla is believed to be a language isolate.

Culture

Mythology

Legend has it that the language descended down from the heavens on Creation Day. It was gifted to mortals from Nalëkilë, the god of languages.

Kinship

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plain Pharyngealized
Medial Lateral

Nasal

m n
Stop p b t d tˤ dˤ k g ʔ
Fricative f v s z sˤ zˤ ɮˤ χ ~ ʀ̥ h
Trill r*
Approx. l* j* w*

*Allophonic with similar sounding phonemes.

Vowels

Front Near-Front Central Near-Back Back
Close i y u
Near-Close ɪ ʊ
High-Mid e ~ ɛ o ~ ɔ
Mid ə
Low-Mid
Open a ~ ɑ

Diphthongs

aɪ ɛɪ aʊ ɛu

Phonotactics

Writing System

Uppercase Letter Lowercase Letter IPA value Pronunciation of the letter (IPA)
A a a a
B b b bi
D d d di
dˤa
E e e ~ ɛ e ~ ɛ
Ë ë ə ə
F f f ɛf
G g g gi
H h h hɛɪ
I i i i
Ì ì ɪ ɪ
K k k kɛɪ
L l

l

ɛl
ʟ̣ ɮˤ ɮˤi
M m m ɛm
N n n ɛn
O o o o
P p p pi
R r r
S s s ɛs
sˤi
T t t ti
tˤi
U u u u
Ù ù ʊ ʊ
Ü ü y y
V v v vi
W w w wɛɪ
X x χ ɛχ
Y y j jad
Z z z zi
zˤi
ʔ oʔi

Grammar

Nouns

Cases

Singular Plural Use
ending translation ending translation
Subjective -so the noun -vaz the nouns subject
Predicative -n the noun -ka the nouns predicate
Genitive -fo of the noun -züna of the nouns possession
Dative -tisi to/for the noun -go to/for the nouns indirect object
Accusative -k noun -ba nouns direct object
Ablative -ras from the noun

out of the noun

-mat from the nouns

out of the nouns

motion from
Perlative -se through the noun -pùr through the nouns motion through
Instrumental -ri by means of the noun -gena by means of the nouns thing used to do the action
Locative -ni in the noun

on the noun

by the noun

at the noun

under the noun

inside the noun

next to the noun

near to the noun

-xe in the nouns

on the nouns

by the nouns

at the nouns

under the nouns

inside the nouns

next to the nouns

near to the nouns

location
Allative -lus to the noun

onto the noun

into the noun

as far as the noun

-mi to the nouns

onto the nouns

into the nouns

as far as the nouns

motion to
Causal -ma because of the noun -yu because of the noun answers why
Temporal -we -xa time
Oblique -lù concerning the noun -ker concerning the nouns miscellaneous
Sociative -pì with the noun ges with the nouns accompaniment
Vocative -le o noun -v o nouns direct address
Instructive -dia -la answers how?

Verbs

Conjugations

Singular Plural
Present 1st person Inclusive -m -mùr
Exclusive -mùs
2nd person -s -tìs
3rd person -t -nt
Past 1st person Inclusive -bam -bamùr
Exclusive -bamùs
2nd person -bas -batìs
3rd person -bat -bant
Future 1st person

Inclusive

-bo -bìmùr
Exclusive -bìmùs
2nd person -bìs -bìtìs
3rd person -bìt -bunt
Unknown 1st person

Inclusive

-wi -wimùr
Exclusive -wimùs
2nd person -wisti -wistis

3rd person

-wit -werunt

To make it progressive (imperfect), use the suffix -ra before the conjunction ending. To make it complete (perfect), use the suffix -wü.

Voice

Use the prefix do‘o- to make it passive. Don't use affixes (in addition to the conjugations) to make it active.

Mood

To make it indicative, use the prefix sa-. To make it imperative, use the prefix fi-.

Adjectives

Just the root of the word. Only changes for comparative. There isn't superlative. Comparative: add the prefix mo-.

Adverbs

Add -li to the end of the root word

Pronouns

Singular Plural
1st

person

Inclusive

ego kakou
Exclusive nos
2nd

Person

Non-Divine tu vos
Divine ‘oe ʻoukou
3rd

person

Non-Divine id ea
Divine ia lakou

Syntax

There aren't any supines, participles, or infinitives. Akëla word order is SVO (Subject Verb Object).

Lexicon

Akëla Word (the unmodified versions)

English Word

Part of Speech

Word combination

Sound changes
keu

light, pale; solar; yellow, white

Adjective
day, sun, light, sunlight Noun
to brighten, turn pale, shine Verb
pi sky Noun
blue, gray Adjective
lo

plant, vegetation

Noun

to plant

Verb
green Adjective
lua ground, soil Noun
brown, gray, brownish-gray Adjective
ni in Preposition
le

house, home, habitat, a dwelling

Noun
to dwell Verb
raga

song

Noun
song-like Adjective
to sing Verb
du to give, gift Verb
gift Noun
ku

water, beverage

Noun
to water (a plant) Verb
leì

dark, black, dark blue

Adjective
night, darkness, midnight Noun
to darken Verb
ilo time Noun
luna

star, nightlight, moon, constellation

Noun
lunar, stellar Adjective
kele solar eclipse Noun light+dark

u → Ø

ɪ → Ø

fyùna lunar eclipse Noun fire+moon

l → Ø

a → Ø

u → ʊ

i → j

ha

food

Noun
dua to feed Verb give + food h → Ø
hani to eat Verb

food + in

prasa torso Noun
veda hair Noun
kuni to drink Verb beverage + in
odo to smell, stink Verb
smelly Adjective
stench, odor, nose Noun
se to need Verb
a need Noun
sea hunger Noun need + food h → Ø
seku thirst Noun need + water
va‘a

speed

Noun
quick, fast Adjective
quickly Adverb
to hurry Verb
ela ear Noun
To listen, hear Verb
kano

speech, mouth

Noun

to talk, converse, have a conversation

Verb
amo

love

Noun

to love Verb
wo permission Noun

to allow, let, enable, give permission

Verb
adi human Noun
loli animal Noun
myu cute animal noise (meow, woof) Noun
ka mind, head, neck, soul Noun

main, leading

Adjective
to control, steer, rule, lead Verb
oko eyes Noun
to look, see Verb
ocular Adjective
fira flame Noun
to light (on fire) Verb
red, orange; flammable Adjective
halo any part of a plant that is edible Noun food + plant
loa fertilizer, anything a plant needs to live Noun plant + food h → Ø
hyero hatred Noun
to hate, despise Verb
osi object, thing Noun
raxa bad, evil, foul, terrible, dirty, disgusting, corrupt, toxic, crazy, drunk, psychotic, awful, despicable, poisonous, venomous Adjective
to dirty, turn evil, corrupt, intoxicate, foul Verb
evil, devil, demon, dirt, filth, pollution, disease, poison, venom, lunatic Noun
badly, filthily, crazily, fouly, terribly, awfully, drunkenly, venomously Adverb
makes a word derogatory Particle
ro poisonous plant Noun

a → Ø

χ → Ø

a → Ø

l → Ø

südë good, just, righteous Adjective
justly Adverb

good, angel

Noun
firaì sunrise, sunset Noun fire + sky

s → Ø

i → ɪ

a → Ø

peno toe, foot, leg; a walk Noun
to walk Verb
anë finger, hand, arm Noun

Numerals

Akëla English Word Combination Sound Changes
nùla zero
kahi one
lua two
kolu three
ha four
lima five
ono six
hiku seven
walu eight
iwa nine
ten 1 + augmentative suffix
eleven (1 + augmentative suffix) + 1
twelve (1 + augmentative suffix) + 2
thirteen (1 + augmentative suffix) + 3
fourteen (1 + augmentative suffix) + 4
fifteen (1 + augmentative suffix) + 5
sixteen (1 + augmentative suffix) + 6
seventeen (1 + augmentative suffix) + 7
eighteen (1 + augmentative suffix) + 8
nineteen (1 + augmentative suffix) + 9
twenty 2 + augmentative suffix
thirty 3 + augmentative suffix
fourty 4 + augmentative suffix
fifty 5 + augmentative suffix
> fifty, many

Body

Body Parts (Akëla)
ka

veda
ela oko odo oko ela
kalo
prasa
anë anë
peno peno
Body Parts (translated)
Head

Hair
Ear Eye Nose Eye Ear
Mouth
Neck and/or Torso
Finger, Hand, and/or Arm Finger, Hand, and/or Arm
Leg, Foot, and/or Toe Leg, Foot, and/or Toe

Example text

Akëla

Duam Egok hatisi. Kuim kuk.

Transliteration

I give food to me. I water in water.

Translation

I eat food. I drink water.