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Akala | |||||||||||||
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Type | Fusional | ||||||||||||
Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||||||||||||
Head direction | |||||||||||||
Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
Genders | None | ||||||||||||
Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
Case | Number | ||||||||||||
Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
Person | Number | ||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
Meta-information | |||||||||||||
Progress | 6% | ||||||||||||
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Creator | Sgt Haleakala |
Classification and Dialects
It is one of the many rich and vibrant languages of the planet Jaalvar, which is known by the Akali tribe as Fonesa. Akala is believed to be a language isolate.
Mythology
Legend has it that the language descended down from the heavens on Creation Day. It was gifted to mortals from Nalakila, the god of languages.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial* | Alveolar | Palatal | Labio-Palatal | Velar | Labio-Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal |
m | n | ŋ | ||||||
Stop | Voiceless | p | t | k | |||||
Voiced | b | d | g | ||||||
Fricative |
Voiceless |
ɸ ~ f | s | x | χ | h | |||
Voiced |
β ~ v | z | ɣ | ||||||
Approximant | Medial | ɹ** | j | ɥ ~ ɰ ~ w** | |||||
Lateral | l** |
*Includes Bilabial and Labio-Dental
**Allophonic with similar sounding phonemes
Vowels
Front | Near-Front | Near-Back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | ||
Near-Close | ɪ | ʊ | ||
High-Mid | e | o | ||
Low-Mid | ɛ | ʌ ɔ | ||
Near-Open | æ | |||
Open | a |
Phonotactics
Two consonants in a row should be avoided.
Writing System
Uppercase Letter | Lowercase Letter | IPA value | Pronunciation of the letter (IPA) |
---|---|---|---|
A | a | a | a |
Ä | ä | æ | æ |
B | b | b | bi |
D | d | d | di |
E | e | e | e |
É | é | ɛ | ɛ |
F | f | ɸ ~ f | ɛf |
G | g | g | gi |
GH | gh | ɣ | ɣi |
H | h | h | hei |
I | i | i | i |
Ï | ï | ɪ | ɪ |
K | k | k | kei |
KH | kh | x | xei |
L | l |
l |
ɛl |
M | m | m | ɛm |
N | n | n | ɛn |
Ñ | ñ | ŋ | ɛŋ |
O | o | o | o |
Ó | ó | ɔ | ɔ |
P | p | p | pi |
QH | qh | χ | χi |
R | r | ɹ | aɹ |
S | s | s | ɛs |
T | t | t | ti |
U | u | u | u |
Ü | ü | ʊ | ʊ |
Ú | ú | ʌ | ʌ |
V | v | β ~ v | vi |
W | w | w | wei |
Y | y | j | jad |
Z | z | z | zi |
Grammar
Nouns
Cases
Singular | Plural | Use | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ending | translation | ending | translation | ||
Subject | |||||
the noun | -ñ | the nouns | subject | ||
Predicate | -vaz | -ka | predicate | ||
Genitive | -fó | of the noun | -züna | of the nouns | possession |
Dative | -tisi | to/for the noun | -go | to/for the nouns | indirect object |
Accusative | -k | noun | -ba | nouns | direct object |
Ablative | -khas | from the noun
out of the noun |
-mat | from the nouns
out of the nouns |
motion from |
Perlative | -se | through the noun | -mus | through the nouns | motion through |
Instrumental | -yi | by means of the noun | -géna | by means of the nouns | means |
Locative | -qhé | in the noun
on the noun by the noun at the noun under the noun inside the noun next to the noun near to the noun |
-ni | in the nouns
on the nouns by the nouns at the nouns under the nouns inside the nouns next to the nouns near to the nouns |
location |
Allative | -lus | to the noun
onto the noun into the noun as far as the noun |
-mi | to the nouns
onto the nouns into the nouns as far as the nouns |
motion to |
Causal | -ma | because of the noun | -yu | because of the noun | |
Temporal | -we | -gha | time | ||
Oblique | -lü | concerning the noun | -ker | concerning the nouns | |
Sociative | -pó | with the noun | gés | with the nouns | accompaniment |
Vocative | -s | o noun | -d | o nouns | direct address |
Verbs
Conjugations
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Past | ||
Present | ||
Future |
Syntax
Akala word order is SVO (Subject Verb Object).
Lexicon
Akala Word |
English Word |
Part of Speech | sound changes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
keu |
light, pale; solar; yellow, white |
Adjective | ||
day, sun, light, sunlight | Noun | |||
to brighten, turn pale, shine | Verb | |||
si | sky | Noun | ||
blue, gray | Adjective | |||
lo |
plant, vegetation |
Noun | ||
to plant |
Verb | |||
green, brown | Adjective | |||
ni | in | Preposition | ||
le |
house, home, habitat, a dwelling |
Noun | ||
to dwell | Verb | |||
lole | treehouse | Noun | plant + house | |
akau |
song |
Noun | ||
To sing | Verb | |||
du | to give, gift | Verb | ||
gift | Noun | |||
kesa |
water, beverage |
Noun | ||
to water (a plant) | Verb | |||
lei |
dark, black |
Adjective | ||
night, darkness | Noun | |||
to darken | Verb | |||
siwa | time | Noun | ||
luna |
star, nightlight, moon, constellation |
Noun | dark + light | |
lunar, stellar | Adjective | |||
keulei | solar eclipse | Noun | light+dark | |
firaluna | lunar eclipse | Noun | fire+moon | |
ha |
food |
Noun | ||
kuha | to feed | Verb | give + food | d → k |
hani | to eat | Verb |
food + in |
|
kesani | to drink | Verb | beverage + in | |
ojo | to smell, stink | Verb | ||
smelly | Adjective | |||
stench, odor, nose | Noun | |||
se | to need | Verb | ||
a need | Noun | |||
seha | hunger | Noun | need + food | |
sekesa | thirst | Noun | need + water | |
vakha |
speed |
Noun | ||
quick, fast | Adjective | |||
quickly | Adverb | |||
to hurry | Verb | |||
simai | ear | Noun | ||
To listen, hear | Verb | |||
kano |
speech |
Noun | ||
to talk, converse, have a conversation |
Verb | |||
amo |
love |
Noun |
||
to love | Verb | |||
ci | permission | Noun | ||
to allow, let, enable, give permission |
Verb | |||
adi | non-cute animal | Noun | ||
loli | cute animal | Noun | ||
cute | Adjective | |||
miu | cute animal noise (meow, woof) | Noun | ||
ka | mind, head | Noun | ||
main, leading |
Adjective | |||
to control, steer, rule, lead | Verb | |||
oko | eyes | Noun | ||
to look, see | Verb | |||
ocular | Adjective | |||
fira | flame | Noun | ||
to light (on fire) | Verb | |||
red, orange; flammable | Adjective | |||
hikalo | any part of a plant that is edible | Noun | food + plant | |
lohika | fertilizer, anything a plant needs to live | Noun | plant + food | |
hiero | hatred | Noun | ||
to hate, despise | Verb | |||
osi | object, thing | Noun | ||
raqha | bad, evil, foul, terrible, dirty, corrupt, toxic, crazy, drunk, psychotic, awful | Adjective | ||
to dirty, turn evil, corrupt, intoxicate, foul | Verb | |||
evil, devil, demon, dirt, filth, pollution, disease, poison, lunatic | Noun | |||
makes a word derogatory | Particle | |||
seda | good, just | Adjective | ||
good, angel |
Noun | |||
firasi | sunrise, sunset | Noun | fire + sky | |
heño | toe, foot, leg; a walk | Noun | ||
to walk | Verb | |||
añe | finger, hand, arm | Noun |
Example text
Akala:
Hele hani hak. Hele kesani kesak.
Transliteration:
I food in food. I water in water.
Translation:
I eat food. I drink water.