Akih Aqačjä | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Agglutinative | |||
Alignment | |||
Ergative/Transitive | |||
Head direction | |||
Final | |||
Tonal | |||
Yes | |||
Declensions | |||
Yes | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
General information[]
Akih is an Akaric language.
Phonology[]
Vowels[]
Akih has ten vowels distributed more or less evenly in the vowel space. Normally they aren't distinguished by quantity: all differences stem from vowel quality.
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High | i (i) | ɨ (y) | ʉ (w) | u (u) |
Mid | ɛ (ë) | ɜ (e) | ɔ (o) | |
Low | æ (ä) | a (a) | ɒ (å) |
Vowels in Akih have something that resembles tone. Each vowel can either have a normal or low tone. The actual realisation of these tones is more akin to modal/breathy (interchangeable) and creaky voice, respectively. In isolation, when applied to /a/, they can be transcribed in the IPA as: [a̤] (normal) vs. [a̰] (low).
Tone isn't usually written in regular text. Normal tone is implied; low tone can be written with either a superscript pharyngeal fricative or just an apostrophe (either <aˤ> or <a'>).
Low tone rarely occurs in syllables that have both an initial and final consonant.
Consonants[]
Labial | Dentialveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | Tenuis | t (t) | ʈ (ṭ) ʈʂ (č) |
k (k) | q (q) | ʔ (x) | |
Glottalised | ʈʼ (ṭ') ʈʂʼ (č') |
kʼ (k') | qʼ (q') | ||||
Fricative | s (s) | ʂ (š) | x (h) | ||||
Liquid | v (v) | r (r) | ɽ (ṛ) | j (j) |
Glottalisation is neutralised word-finally.
Phonotactics[]
Akih has some elementary rules that govern word shape:
- Consonant clusters can at most be made up of two consonants.
- Initial and final geminate plosives are disallowed
- No glottalised plosive except for /ʔ/ can precede consonants
Morphology[]
Nouns[]
Nouns in Akih inflect for several categories:
- Case
- Number
- Definitess and Proximity