By all means, please contribute to the language's culture and/or history.
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| alpanlandic Ælpandic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| fusional | |||
| Alignment | |||
| fluid-s | |||
| Head direction | |||
| intial | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information[]
Alpanlandic is a South Germanic language which has been spoken in the Alps for thousands of years, isolated from other languages, remaining archaic and going through strange sound shifts. Its grammar also shifted to include dynamic and stative verbs as well as fluid-S alignment. It remained untouched by other languages until French-speaking missionaries in the 14th century converted the Alpanlanders to Christianity, when they borrowed religious words from Latin and French; they also traded with Basques and Germans, meaning that business words are primarily from Basque and German. Alpies (as they are known colloquially) tend to be herders and pastoralists as well as fur trappers.
The dialects are three dialects. North Alpanlandic is spoken in Germany and Switzerland, which is influenced the most by modern German and Swiss German. West Alpanlandic, which is spoken in Switzerland and France and is the main dialect. Its loanwords come from French, Rumansh and Swiss German; for unknown reasons there are some Caucasian influences (Chechen and Circassian, mainly). Additionally, the grammar is more agglutinative. Central Alpanlandic is the most archaic dialect and its speakers are very isolated; it is here that its relationship with other Germanic languages, including English, Dutch, Icelandic, German and Gothic, is strongest.
| Alpanlandic | English | Dutch | Icelandic | Gothic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eme [m] ama [f] ema [a] ame [ia] |
one | een | einn (m) ein (f) eitt (n) |
ains |
| 2 | tshuo | two | twee | tveir (m) tvær (f) tvö (n) |
twai |
| 3 | pfar | three | drie | þrír (m) þrjár (f) þrjú (n) |
þreis |
| 4 | þrattar | four | vier | fjórir (m) fjórar (f) fjögur (n) |
|
| 5 | besch/vesch | five | vijf | ||
| 6 | acha | six | zes | ||
| 7 | plaþ | seven | zeven | ||
| 8 | auchat | eight | acht | ||
| 9 | nånå | nine | negen | ||
| 10 | ðochok | ten | tien |
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | [m̥] m | n [n] | |||||||
| Plosive | p [p] [bⁿ] b | [t̪] t [d̪ⁿ] d | k ɡⁿ | ||||||
| Fricative | [ɸ] f | θ ð | [ɕ] sch | ʝ | hʰ | ||||
| Affricate | [pf] pf | t̪s̪ d̪z̪ⁿ | [tɕ] tsch | kx | |||||
| Approximant | w̥ [w] | ɹ | [j] | ||||||
| Trill | r̥ | ||||||||
| Flap or tap | ⱱ | 1[ɾ̥] | |||||||
| Lateral app | l̥ʰ | ||||||||
| Lateral afr. | |||||||||
| Lateral flap | ʎ̯ |
- 1] ɾ̥ is an allophone of r̥ it is used in quick speech after ⱱ, t̪, d̪ⁿ
- 2] ʡ is an allophone of k in some dialects
- 3] ʜ is used in some dialects as well
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | ɨ | ɯ | ||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | ø | ɤ o | |||
| Mid | ə | ||||
| Open-mid | ɛ œ | ||||
| Near-open | æ | ɐ [voiceless] | |||
| Open | ä |
| Diphthongs | closing | close | opening |
|---|---|---|---|
| close component front | æi̯ øy̯ [iə] | yi̯ | yø̯ |
| close component open | ɑi̯ [ai] ɑu̯ ou̯ oi̯ | ui̯ | uo̯ |
Alphabet[]
These are the Alpine runes. They are descendent from Old Turkic.
| A a | Å å | Æ æ | B b | D d | Ð ð | E e | Ë ë | f | þ | ȝ Ȝ | G g | h | I i | j |
| ä | ɐ | æ | bⁿ | d̪ⁿ | ð | ɛ | ə | ɸ | θ | ʀⁿ | ɡⁿ | hʰ | i ɨ | ʝ |
Phonotactics[]
CCCVCCC CVC CCV VCC CCV CCVC CCCV are the main syllable types. For example the word for strength sðrampta, son sin, tower Trau.
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
There are 10 noun cases and 4 to 3 genders. There also articles.
Cases must agree with the gender. There are more cases than in most Indo-European languages and the cases are sort of agglutinative.
| number | |
|---|---|
| singular | unmarked |
| double | oir |
| triple | oirn |
| quadruple | aun |
| plural | en |
| Case | Masculine | Femine | Inanimate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative/Ergative | unmarked sin son |
-æ ðochtæ daughter |
-o tschøno stone |
| Accusative/Absolutive | -u sinu |
-y ðochty |
-ej stønej |
| Genitve | -t | -d | -n |
| Ablative | -p | -i | -oj |
| Locative | -ch | -þ | -s |
| Allative | -au | -ui | -s |
| Benefective | -v | -h | -ch |
| Instrumental | -v | -p | -å |
| Vocative | -yi | -yo | -au |
Articles must agree with gender and number.
| Nominative | Accusative | Vocative | Other Cases | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | llei | el | lloi | le |
| Feminine | llai | ail | llau | la |
| Inanimate | tai | tei | toi | tou |
| 1sm | 1sf | 1p common | 1p polite | 2sm common | 2sm polite | 2sf polite | 2sf common | 2p | 3sm | 3sf | 3p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | oisch | aisch | woi | nau | oiou | vooi | voai | aiou | vos | yoi | yai | |
| Accusative | oitsch | aitsch | voi | nu | oioo | wooi | woai | aioo | wos | lloi | ||
| Vocative | oich | aich | foi | noo | oiuo | fooi | foai | aiuo | fos | joi | ||
| Locative | oigh | aigh | pfoi | nuo | oiui | pfooi | pfoai | aiui | pfos | gnoi | ||
| Benefective | oij | aij | boi | nou | oier | booi | boai | aier | bos | u'oi |
The pronouns for animals and inanimates were lost during the 1300s.
There are four genders which work entirely semantically and are unmarked unless it is very specific to mark them, otherwise gender is just shown through agreement.
| Masculine | Feminine | Animal | Inanimate |
|---|---|---|---|
| oi | ai | ei | uy |
Verbs[]
The verbs are complex and they often incorporate benefactive and instrumental nouns.
The verbs conjugate for tense and aspect. This is a table of how it works, for example the word for walk Ȝanaga.
| a | far future | future | near presenet | present | near past | past | remote past | ancestrel past | fictional | negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| type 1 aorist | oz | os | eich | ach | ach | ag | ey | eg | ar | ay |
| type 2 imperfect | ot | oth | eit | at | ad | ad | ed | et | ek | eich |
| type 3 simple | ogh | ok | eik | ai | ak | ath | egh | etsch | esch | ef |
| type 4 complete | eid | eig | eipf | apf | apf | adh | ev | eb | epf | es |
| type 5 habitual/continuative can also be gnomic |
eih | eis | eij | aj | af | agh | ez | eh | em | en |
| type 6 progressive | eiv | eitsch | eisch | asch | atsch | ajr | aik | aih | aim | ain |
| mood | infex |
|---|---|
| conditional | aka |
| normal | eche or unmarked speakers preference |
| interrorgative | ojo |
| commandive | ailei |
| probable | alla |
| verb modifiers | |
|---|---|
| -ad | terms into adverb |
| mutate final consonant or final vowel turns into semi vowel | more can be used as comprative |
| mutate initial | less than |
Adjectives[]
Adjectives agree with case only. Adjectives come before the noun or after the noun.
Syntax[]
SOV
Transitive sentence:
The man walked to the house.
[the masculine man nominative masculine the inanimate house accusative walk past tense perfect]
Ta manoi þa hoischuyej pfweind.
Vocabulary[]
The vocabulary primarily comes from Proto-Germanic and French.
Example text[]
Here is a version of the song De La Rey by Afrikaans singer Block van Blerk but for the triumphs of the Alpanlander freedom fighter who fought a guerilla rule against the forces of Italy during World War 2.
| Op 'n berg in die nag. | ||
| Woi schos oskarabasej pfecheoiach uta apecheraatach. | We lie in the darkness and wait. | Ê ons in die donker en wag. |
| In the mud and blood, I lie cold, | In die modder en bloed | |
| Grain bag and rain cling to me | Lê 'n kind streepsak en teen my |
| Alpanlandic | English | Afrikaans |
|---|---|---|
| daon þau baarghuys schos þa nuituys | On a mountain in the night | Op 'n berg in die nag |
| woi schos oskarabasej pfecheoiach uta apecheraatach | we lie in the darkness and wait | lê ons in die donker en wag |
| schos maaduys uta sanks, oisch coschaj footre. recheino uta sac-tsand | in the mud and the blood I lie cold. rain and sandbag cling to me | in die modder en bloed lê 'n kind streepsak en teen my |