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Ancient Lusian

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Ancient Lusian
Type Fusional
Alignment Nominative-Accusative
Head direction
Tonal No
Declensions Yes
Conjugations Yes
Genders Three
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Meta-information
Progress 0%
Statistics
Nouns 0%
Verbs 0%
Adjectives 0%
Syntax 0%
Words ? of 1500
Creator [[User:|]]

Ancient Lusian was an Ancient Greek dialect whose texts we have were written between 7th Century BC and 500 AD.

History[]

Ancient Lusian was spoken by Ancient Lusians, a Hellenic population which lived in Venetian region between 1200 BC and 600 BC ca. Then, during 7th Century BC, Ancient Lusians left Italic peninsula and settled to North Western Morocco. In this period, the first texts which we still can read were written.

Phonology[]

Consonants[]

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal
Nasal m n Ε‹
Plosive b p d t tΚ° g k kΚ°
Fricative f v s z h
Affricate
Approximant
Trill r
Flap or tap
Lateral fric.
Lateral app. l
Lateral flap

Vowels[]

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
High i u
Near-high
High-mid e o
Mid
Low-mid
Near-low a
Low


Writing System[]

Letter πŒ€ 𐌁 𐌊 πŒƒ πŒ„ 𐌚 πŒ‚ πŒ‡ πŒ† 𐌞 πŒ‹ 𐌌
Sound a b k d e f g h i tΚ° l m
Letter 𐌍 𐌏 𐌐 πŒ› πŒ” πŒ• πŒ– πŒ… πŒ— 𐌣 πŒ™ πŒ’
Sound n Ε‹ o p r s t u v kΚ° ks ps z

Grammar[]

Nouns[]

In Ancient Lusian there are 3 declensions.

First declension. πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„πŒ€ (travel)[]

Singular[]

Nominative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ€

Genitive: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ€πŒ”

Dative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ€πŒ‡

Accusative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ€πŒ

Vocative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ€

Ablative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-𐌏

Plural[]

Nominative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ„

Genitive: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ–πŒ

Dative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ„πŒ”

Accusative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ€πŒπŒ”

Vocative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-πŒ„

Ablative: πŒπŒπŒ›πŒ„-𐌏𐌣

Second declension (masculine). πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒπŒπŒ” (sky)[]

Singular[]

Nominative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒπŒ”

Genitive: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒ–

Dative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒ–πŒ‡

Accusative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-𐌏𐌍

Vocative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒπŒ”

Ablative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-𐌏

Plural[]

Nominative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒ†

Genitive: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒ–πŒ

Dative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒ†πŒ”

Accusative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒπŒπŒ”

Vocative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-πŒ†

Ablative: πŒ–πŒ›πŒ€πŒ-𐌏𐌣

Second declension (neuter). πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡πŒπŒ (animal)[]

Singular[]

Nominative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-𐌏𐌍

Genitive: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-πŒ–

Dative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-πŒ–πŒ‡

Accusative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-𐌏𐌍

Vocative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-𐌏𐌍

Ablative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-𐌏

Plural[]

Nominative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-πŒ€

Genitive: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-πŒ–πŒ

Dative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-πŒ†πŒ”

Accusative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-πŒ€

Vocative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-πŒ€

Ablative: πŒ’πŒ–πŒ‡-𐌏𐌣

Third declension (guttural). πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€πŒ£ (guard)[]

Singular[]

Nominative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-𐌣

Genitive: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ‚πŒπŒ”

Dative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ‚πŒ†

Accusative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-𐌍𐌊

Vocative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-𐌣

Ablative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ™

Plural[]

Nominative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ‚πŒ„πŒ”

Genitive: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ‚πŒ–πŒ

Dative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ£πŒ†

Accusative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ‚πŒ„πŒ”

Vocative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ‚πŒ„πŒ”

Ablative: πŒšπŒ–πŒ‹πŒ€-πŒ™πŒ€

Third declension (-πŒ†πŒ” words). πŒπŒπŒ‹πŒ†πŒ” (city)[]

Singular[]

Nominative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ†πŒ”

Genitive: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ„πŒπŒ”

Dative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ„/-πŒ†

Accusative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ†πŒ

Vocative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ†πŒ”

Ablative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ†πŒ™

Plural[]

Nominative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ„πŒ”

Genitive: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ„πŒ–πŒ

Dative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ†

Accusative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ„πŒ”

Vocative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ„πŒ”

Ablative: πŒπŒπŒ‹-πŒ„πŒ™πŒ€

Verbs[]

Present. πŒ„πŒŒπŒ† (to be)[]

1. πŒ„πŒŒπŒ†

2. πŒ„

3. πŒ„πŒ”πŒ•πŒ†

1. πŒ„πŒ”πŒŒπŒ„πŒ

2. πŒ„πŒ”πŒ•πŒ„

3. πŒ„πŒ”πŒ†πŒ

Present (active). πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–πŒ (to see)[]

1. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-𐌏

2. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ”

3. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„

1. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒπŒŒπŒ„πŒ

2. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ•πŒ„

3. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ–πŒ”πŒ†

Present (middle-passive)[]

1. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒŒπŒ€πŒ†

2. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ€πŒ‡

3. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ•πŒ€πŒ†

1. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒŒπŒ„πŒžπŒ€

2. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ”πŒžπŒ„

3. πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒπŒ•πŒ„/-πŒπŒ•πŒ€πŒ†

Imperfect. πŒ€πŒ (I was)[]

1. πŒ€πŒ

2.πŒ€πŒ”πŒžπŒ€

3.πŒ€πŒ

4.πŒ€πŒŒπŒ„πŒ

5.πŒ€πŒ•πŒ„

6.πŒ€πŒ”πŒ€πŒ

Imperfect (active)[]

In the Imperfect, the verbs always has at the begining πŒ„-, which substitutes a vowel (if there is). If there is already an πŒ„, the letter is mantained, but the verb will begin with πŒ‡.

1. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-𐌏𐌍

2. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ”

3. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ

1. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒπŒŒπŒ„πŒ

2. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ•πŒ„

3. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-𐌏𐌍𐌣/-𐌏𐌍

Imperfect (middle-passive)[]

1. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒŒπŒ€πŒ

2. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ”πŒ

3. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ•πŒ

1. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒŒπŒ„πŒžπŒ€

2. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ”πŒžπŒ„ 3. πŒ„πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒπŒ•πŒ

Aorist[]

Aorist is like imperfect, with the difference that there is the addition of πŒ” between the verb's root and its desincence. If there is a consonant first or after, there are 2 possibilities. If the consonant is 𐌊 or 𐌐, they have a fusion with πŒ” and they become 𐌣 and πŒ™, otherwise there is just the addition of πŒ„ between the 2 letters.

Future[]

With the same rules about the addition of πŒ” between the verb's root and its desinence, it's like the present.

Infinitive of "to be"[]

πŒ„πŒπŒ„

Infinitive (active)[]

πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ

Infinitive (middle-passive)[]

πŒƒπŒ„πŒŠπŒπŒ–-πŒ„πŒ”πŒžπŒ†

Future and aorist infinitive[]

After the infinitive, πŒ–πŒ”πŒ•πŒ„πŒ›πŒπŒ is put for the future and πŒπŒ›πŒ†πŒ for the aorist

Imperative[]

For giving an imperative meaning, after the verb the sign 𐌑 is added.

Subjunctive[]

In subjunctive, the verb mantains the Indicative's desinences, but its last vowel in its root changes.

𐌏 becomes πŒ–.

πŒ„ becomes πŒ€.

πŒ– becomes 𐌏.

πŒ€ becomes πŒ„.

Example text[]

The following text is the Proemium of the main Ancient Lusian Literature's book, written by Anthusa.

πŒ€πŒπŒžπŒ–πŒ”πŒ€, πŒ–πŒπŒ†πŒ”πŒ—πŒπŒ„πŒ€πŒ‡ 𐌑 πŒŒπŒ† πŒ•πŒ–πŒ•πŒΒ· πŒ€ πŒπŒ‹πŒ€ πŒπŒ†πŒ”πŒ•πŒ†πŒ πŒ”πŒ€πŒπŒšπŒπŒ‡, πŒ€ πŒ”πŒ–πŒ•πŒ€πŒ›πŒ†πŒ€ πŒŒπŒ–. πŒ–πŒπŒ†πŒ”πŒ—πŒπŒ„πŒ€πŒ‡ πŒ•πŒ„ πŒŒπŒ† 𐌑 πŒ–πŒ”πŒ•πŒ„πŒ›πŒπŒ πŒƒπŒ†πŒƒπŒ„πŒ πŒ€πŒ•πŒ€πŒ‡ πŒ•πŒ–πŒ•πŒ€πŒπŒ” πŒπŒ†πŒ”πŒ•πŒ„πŒ” πŒ„πŒ πŒ•πŒ πŒ„πŒƒπŒ.

Translation: Anthusa, promise me this: the whole loyalty to Sapphus, my salvation. Promise me also to give her these letters in Hades.

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