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| [[]] ' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| No | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| No | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information[]
Language of the land of Anjelk.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ||||||||||
| Plosive |
p /p/ ph /pʰ/ b /b/
bb /b/ |
|
t /t/ th /tʰ/ d /d/
dd /d/ |
k /k/ kh/kʰ/ g /g/
gg /g/ |
||||||||
| Fricative | b /β/ | v /v/ | d /ð/ |
s /s/ ss /z/ |
z /ʃ/ sz /ʒ/ |
g /ɣ/ | x /χ/ | h /h/ | ||||
| Affricate |
tz /tʃ/ ğ /dʒ/ |
|||||||||||
| Approximant |
l /l/ ll /ɫ/ |
i /j/ | w /w/ | |||||||||
| Trill | ||||||||||||
| Flap or tap | r /r/ | ř /ʀ/ | ||||||||||
| Lateral fric. | ||||||||||||
| Lateral app. | ||||||||||||
| Lateral flap |
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close |
i / i / y /y/ j / i: / |
u /u/ | |||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid |
e / e / ø / ø / |
o / o / | |||
| Mid | ø, ę (unstressed) / ə / | ||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | ę / æ / | ||||
| Open | a / a / |
Alphabet[]
Phonotactics[]
Grammar[]
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
NOUNS / NAMA[]
-The basic singular form of a noun always ends in a consonant. This form is used for the definite singular subject.
-Its plural is made up by adding an -a.
-Nouns have no gender.
CASES[]
-Nouns adopt different endings depending on the function they perform within the sentence:
Example: hynt (dog)
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-Indefiniteness is expressed by the suffix -ik, as seen.-There are no articles to express definiteness.
-There are no prepositions. Suffixes are used instead, added to the definite or indefinit basic form:
|
Type |
Singular |
Plural |
Meanings |
|
Direction |
-win |
-awin |
To, towards |
|
Goal, purpose |
-itz |
-atz |
To, for |
|
Presence |
-irno |
-arno |
In the presence of |
|
Instrument |
-iets |
-iats |
With |
|
Opposition |
-ivo |
-avo |
Against |
|
Position |
-no |
-ano |
In, on, at |
|
Time |
-iz |
-az |
In, on, at |
|
Intermediate |
-irtho |
-artho |
Between |
|
Ending |
-ivt |
-avt |
Until |
|
Cause |
-inko |
-anko |
Because of |
|
Agent |
-iph |
-aph |
By |
|
Crossing |
-ihno |
-ahno |
Through |
|
Dependance |
-im |
-am |
According to |
|
Absence |
-wer |
-war |
Without |
|
Concern |
-issk |
-assk |
About |
|
Origin |
-izko |
-azko |
From |
PRONOUNS / KERNAMA[]
| Subject | DO | IO | Gt | Compl. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | Urk | Kun | Kyl | Kyr | Urko |
| You | Nark | Nass | Nyl | Nyr | Narko |
| He | Dur | Hur | Hwil | Hwir | Huro |
| She | Dass | Hass | Hail | Hair | Hasso |
| It | Din | Hin | Hyl | Hyr | Hino |
| We | Kurna | Kia | Kial | Kiar | Kurnaw |
| You | Narka | Nia | Nial | Niar | Narkaw |
| They | Da | Hia | Hial | Hiar | Haw |
ADJECTIVES / ANNAMA[]
-Adjectives are formed with the ending -e.
-Adjectives agree in number and case with the noun they define and they are usually located after it:
Example: hynt hroke (black dog)
|
Singular |
Plural | |
|---|---|---|
|
SUBJECT |
hynt hroke |
hynta hrokwa |
|
DIRECT OBJECT |
hyntai hrokie |
hyntia hrokwe |
|
INDIRECT OBJECT |
hyntyl hrokle (1 cons. exc. l) talyl vroddniel (2 cons. or l) |
hyntial hrokiwl |
|
GENITIVE |
hyntyr hrokre (1 con. exc. r) talyr vroddnier (2 cons. or r) |
hyntiar hrokiwr |
|
COMPLEMENT |
hynto hrokio hyntitz hrokio |
hyntaw hrokiw hyntitza hrokiw |
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES[]
Equality: -erze bi....
Ke dom sev daherze bi en (My house is as big as yours.)
Superiority: -enke xę...
Ke dom sev dahenke xę en. (My house is bigger than yours)
Inferiority: -ense xę...
Ke dom sev dahense xę en. (My house is less big than yours)
POSSESSION / BYNĞ[]
| Possessive Adjectives | Possesive Pronouns | |
|---|---|---|
| my | ke | kyr |
| your | ne | nyr |
| his | hwire | hwir |
| her | hare | har |
| its | hre | hyr |
| our | kiare | kiar |
| your | niare | niar |
| their | hiare | hiar |
VERBS / KORHA[]
Infinitive: formed by adding the endig -an to the basic noun form.
Gerund: formed by adding the endig -ak to the basic noun form.
Past Partciple: formed by adding the endig -ath to the basic noun form.
| Noun | Infinitive | Gerund | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
|
přatz (love) |
přatzan (to love) |
přatzak (loving) |
přatzath (loved) |
| IMPERATIVE | |
|---|---|
| Singular | přatzy |
| Plural | přatzyn |
All verbs are conjugated in a single and regular conjugation, both in indicative and subjunctive mode.
|
INDICATIVE |
Present | Past | Future | Conditional |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | přatzu | přatzwe | přatzanu | přatzaku |
| 2nd person singular | přatzesk | přatzwesk | přatzanesk | přatzakesk |
| 3rd person singular | přatzev | přatzwev | přatzanev | přatzakev |
| 1st person plural | přatzem | přatzwem | přatzanem | přatzakem |
| 2nd person plural | přatzet | přatzwet | přatzanet | přatzaket |
| 3rd person plural | přatzein | přatzwein | přatzanein | přatzakein |
| SUBJUNCTIVE | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | přatzju | přatzwej | přatzanju |
| 2nd person sing. | přatzjesk | přatzwejsk | přatzanjesk |
| 3rd person singular | přatzjev | přatzwejv | přatzanjev |
| 1st person plural | přatzjem | přatzwejm | přatzanjem |
| 2nd person plural | přatzjet | přatzwejt | přatzanjet |
| 3rd person plural | přatzjein | přatzwejn | přatzanjein |
Compound tenses are formed with the conjugation of the auxiliary verb dan and the past participle of the main verb
| INDICATIVE | Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
Future Perfect |
Conditional Perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | du přatzath | dwe přatzath | danu přatzath | daku přatzath |
| 2nd sing. | desk přatzath | dwesk přatzath | danesk přatzath | dakesk přatzath |
| 3rd sing. | dev přatzath | dwev přatzath | danev přatzath | dakev přatzath |
| 1st pl. | dem přatzath | dwem přatzath | danem přatzath | dakem přatzath |
| 2nd pl. | det přatzath | dwet přatzath | danet přatzath | daket přatzath |
| 3rd pl. | dein přatzath | dwein přatzath | danein přatzath | dakein přatzath |
| SUBJUNCTIVE |
Present Perfect |
Past Perfect | Future Perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | dju přatzath | dwej přatzath | danju přatzath |
| 2nd person sing. | djesk přatzath | dwejsk přatzath | danjesk přatzath |
| 3rd person sing. | djev přatzath | dwejv přatzath | danjev přatzath |
| 1st person plural | djem přatzath | dwejm přatzath | danjem přatzath |
| 2nd person plural | djet přatzath | dwejt přatzath | danjet přatzath |
| 3rd person plural | djein přatzath | dwejn přatzath | danjein přatzath |
Verbos modales / Korha ęnantwa
Modal verbs can be conjugated following the general rules. They are followed by the main verb in infinitive. If there is a pronoun with the function of Direct Object, it is usually placed in between.
| Modal Verbs | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Kynan | Ability, Capacity (Can, Be Able to) |
| Poissan | Possibility, Permission (Can, May, Allow) |
| Dęrtan | Obligation (Must, Have to) |
| Vuhgan | Advice (Should) |
| Liehnan | Supposition (Must) |
| Vęrzan | Necessity (Need) |
| Kan | Intention (Be Going to) |
Vocabulary[]
| No. | English | Anjelkish |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | urk |
| 2 | you (singular) | nark |
| 3 | he | dur |
| 4 | we | kurna |
| 5 | you (plural) | narka |
| 6 | they | da |
| 7 | this | arte |
| 8 | that | — |
| 9 | here | hi |
| 10 | there | di |
| 11 | who | thagg |
| 12 | what | xen |
| 13 | where | hekri |
| 14 | when | garmi |
| 15 | how | bi |
| 16 | not | ta |
| 17 | all | ręss |
| 18 | many | hağe |
| 19 | some | hgor |
| 20 | few | zağe |
| 21 | other | — |
| 22 | one | hrejn |
| 23 | two | dwin |
| 24 | three | tar |
| 25 | four | nęren |
| 26 | five | firtz |
| 27 | big | dahe |
| 28 | long | lune |
| 29 | wide | werne |
| 30 | thick | fynke |
| 31 | heavy | — |
| 32 | small | elhe |
| 33 | short | kallne |
| 34 | narrow | — |
| 35 | thin | lime |
| 36 | woman | hamdass |
| 37 | man (adult male) | hamdur |
| 38 | man (human being) | ham |
| 39 | child | nalham |
| 40 | wife | — |
| 41 | husband | — |
| 42 | mother | mam |
| 43 | father | vaph |
| 44 | animal | nirz |
| 45 | fish | nasz |
| 46 | bird | rylt |
| 47 | dog | hynt |
| 48 | louse | — |
| 49 | snake | sjsser |
| 50 | worm | — |
| 51 | tree | gasz |
| 52 | forest | gaszdehn |
| 53 | stick | — |
| 54 | fruit | vryht |
| 55 | seed | — |
| 56 | leaf | — |
| 57 | root | — |
| 58 | bark | — |
| 59 | flower | gřjver |
| 60 | grass | — |
| 61 | rope | — |
| 62 | skin | — |
| 63 | meat | vjhn |
| 64 | blood | vęll |
| 65 | bone | — |
| 66 | fat | — |
| 67 | egg | — |
| 68 | horn | — |
| 69 | tail | — |
| 70 | feather | — |
| 71 | hair | — |
| 72 | head | hress |
| 73 | ear | řøm |
| 74 | eye | hyll |
| 75 | nose | vlegg |
| 76 | mouth | muz |
| 77 | tooth | — |
| 78 | tongue | llanh |
| 79 | fingernail | — |
| 80 | foot | vurt |
| 81 | leg | — |
| 82 | knee | — |
| 83 | hand | kal |
| 84 | wing | — |
| 85 | belly | — |
| 86 | guts | — |
| 87 | neck | — |
| 88 | back | — |
| 89 | breast | — |
| 90 | heart | udderen |
| 91 | liver | — |
| 92 | drink | drijkan |
| 93 | eat | isstan |
| 94 | bite | — |
| 95 | suck | — |
| 96 | spit | — |
| 97 | vomit | — |
| 98 | blow | — |
| 99 | breathe | — |
| 100 | laugh | ihran |
| 101 | see | anan |
| 102 | hear | — |
| 103 | know | karan |
| 104 | think | ğan |
| 105 | smell | — |
| 106 | fear | — |
| 107 | sleep | szaran |
| 108 | live | nyrnan |
| 109 | die | derkan |
| 110 | kill | raxnan |
| 111 | fight | phallan |
| 112 | hunt | sijğan |
| 113 | hit | — |
| 114 | cut | kran |
| 115 | split | øğelhan |
| 116 | stab | — |
| 117 | scratch | — |
| 118 | dig | — |
| 119 | swim | — |
| 120 | fly | — |
| 121 | walk | — |
| 122 | come | myszan |
| 123 | lie | — |
| 124 | sit | — |
| 125 | stand | — |
| 126 | turn | — |
| 127 | fall | vtossnahan |
| 128 | give | mergan |
| 129 | hold | — |
| 130 | squeeze | — |
| 131 | rub | — |
| 132 | wash | — |
| 133 | wipe | — |
| 134 | pull | — |
| 135 | push | — |
| 136 | throw | — |
| 137 | tie | — |
| 138 | sew | — |
| 139 | count | — |
| 140 | say | man |
| 141 | sing | vejnan |
| 142 | play | huvan |
| 143 | float | — |
| 144 | flow | — |
| 145 | freeze | — |
| 146 | swell | — |
| 147 | sun | hank |
| 148 | moon | szęn |
| 149 | star | — |
| 150 | water | avlir |
| 151 | rain | kørhan |
| 152 | river | hrul |
| 153 | lake | — |
| 154 | sea | ğal |
| 155 | salt | — |
| 156 | stone | — |
| 157 | sand | aren |
| 158 | dust | — |
| 159 | earth | ez |
| 160 | cloud | ruhvel |
| 161 | fog | — |
| 162 | sky | ęmaz |
| 163 | wind | vynd |
| 164 | snow | — |
| 165 | ice | — |
| 166 | smoke | — |
| 167 | fire | — |
| 168 | ash | — |
| 169 | burn | — |
| 170 | road | — |
| 171 | mountain | vrihęk |
| 172 | red | razne |
| 173 | green | hryne |
| 174 | yellow | kurme |
| 175 | white | vasse |
| 176 | black | hroke |
| 177 | night | nett |
| 178 | day | tal |
| 179 | year | phen |
| 180 | warm | larke |
| 181 | cold | kihle |
| 182 | full | — |
| 183 | new | nove |
| 184 | old | — |
| 185 | good | gudde |
| 186 | bad | ogge |
| 187 | rotten | — |
| 188 | dirty | — |
| 189 | straight | — |
| 190 | round | — |
| 191 | sharp | — |
| 192 | dull | — |
| 193 | smooth | — |
| 194 | wet | — |
| 195 | dry | — |
| 196 | correct | — |
| 197 | near | maři |
| 198 | far | kajini |
| 199 | right | — |
| 200 | left | — |
| 201 | at | — |
| 202 | in | — |
| 203 | with | — |
| 204 | and | nę |
| 205 | if | — |
| 206 | because | — |
| 207 | name | — |