Contents
Summary[edit | edit source]
Anstlin Áslaist | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Fusional | Agglutinative | ||||||||||||
Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||||||||||||
Head direction | Initial | ||||||||||||
Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
Genders | Three | ||||||||||||
Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
Case | Number | ||||||||||||
Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
Person | Number | ||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
Meta-information | |||||||||||||
Progress | Expression error: Unexpected < operator.% | ||||||||||||
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Creator | PixelatedRetro |
The Anstlin Language was created on September 24th, 2020. The main goal for this language is to be as foreign with vocabulary as possible, but still easy to maintain and use.
Classification and Dialects[edit | edit source]
Anstlin is a conlang as the lexicon is made by me.
Currently, there is only one dialect of Anstlin, Common Anstlin. However, I may soon be making other dialects.
Phonology[edit | edit source]
Consonants[edit | edit source]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | /m/, /mʲ/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | |||||||||
Plosive | /b/, /bʰ/, /bʲ/, /p/? | /d/, /dʰ/, /dʲ/, /t/, /tʰ/, /tʲ/ | /c/ | /g/, /gʲ/, /k/, /kʰ/, /kʲ/ | ||||||||
Fricative | /f/, /fʲ/, /fʰ/ | /ð/, /ðʲ/, /θ/, /θʰ/, /θʲ/ | /s/, /sʰ/, /sʲ/ | /ʃ/? | /ç/ | /ɣ/, /x/ | /h/ | |||||
Affricate | /ʧ/, /ʧʰ/, /ʧʲ/ | |||||||||||
Approximant | /w/ | /j/ | ||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||
Flap or tap | /ɾ/ | |||||||||||
Lateral fric. | ||||||||||||
Lateral app. | /l/, /ɫ/ | |||||||||||
Lateral flap |
Vowels[edit | edit source]
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | i iː, y? | u | |||
Near-high | ɪ, ʏ ʏː | ʊ ʊː | |||
High-mid | e, ø | ||||
Mid | ə, ɵ | ||||
Low-mid | ɔ ɔː | ||||
Near-low | æ | ||||
Low | a | ɑ, ɒ |
Diphthongs[edit | edit source]
Diphthong | oe | oi | eo | ow | ea | ei |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sound | /əi/ | /ø/ | /ɵ/ | /o/ | /au/ | /eɪ/ |
Diphthong |
iw |
aw |
yw |
|||
Sound | [u] | [a] | [y] |
Consonant Clusters[edit | edit source]
Cluster | sg | bs | lh | lw | hs | þh |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sound | [sk] | [bz]/[ps] | [cx] | [cw] | [xs] | [d̪x] |
Cluster | þs | wr | gm | hl | ng | st |
Sound | [θs] | [wɾ]/[ʍɾ] | [jm] | [xl] | [ŋ] | [st] |
Some consonant clusters have different sounds when they are at the ending of a word.
Cluster | lw | lh | gm | þh |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sound | [cʷ] | [cˠ], [cʰ] | [ɣm] | [d̪ʰ] |
Phonotactics[edit | edit source]
Anstlin can follow a few patterns within one. The syllable pattern at maximum is CCCVCCC.
First Consonant | Middle Consonant | Ending Consonant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
C | r, s, g, h, l, w, m, d, þ, f, c | f, | c, s, þ, ð, l, g, | |
CC | sþ, þs, sg, bs, hs, hþ, hr, hw, hj, st, lj, mr, sn, wr, sj | ll, lh, lw, hþ, sn, md | þh, lh, lw, ng, lþ, rþ, lð, rð | |
CCC | str, stj, sgr, sgl, | ndl, ndr, mdl, mdr, þsn, rþs, rðs | nds, ngs, lhs, þsn, hsn, rsn, þst, rþs, rðs |
stjamderðse, hwisnerðsa, þsonýndse, þælwingse, sglenóþste, bsomýþhe
Writing System[edit | edit source]
The writing system is pretty straight forward. It uses the Latin script and uses 25 letters from the script. The purpose of the letter "y" is interesting. The letter "c" in Anstlin makes a soft /ʧ/ sound before soft vowels, which are "e" and "i." "I" makes the sounds /ɪ/ and /i/, and "y" does the same in Anstlin. The "y" is considered as a hard vowel in Anstlin, so the letter "c" before it will make a hard /k/ sound.
Letter | A | Á | Æ | Ǽ | B | C | D | Ð | Þ | E | É | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sound | /a/ | /aː/ | /æ/ | /æː/ | /b/ | /k/, /ʧ/ | /d/ | /ð/ | /θ/ | /ɛ/, /ə/ | /e/ | /f/ |
Letter | G | H | I | Í | L | M | N | O | Ó | P | R | S |
Sound | /g/, /ɣ/ | /h/, /x/ | /ɪ/, /i/ | /iː/ | /l/, /ɫ/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɔ/ | /ɔː/ | /p/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ |
Letter | T | U | Ú | W | X | Y | Ý | J | ||||
Sound | /t/ | /ʏ/ | /ʏː/ | /w/ | /ks/ | /ɪ/, /i/ | /iː/ | /j/, /ç/ |
Grammar[edit | edit source]
Nouns[edit | edit source]
Nouns decline based on gender and case. There are three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine, and neuter. Neuter is used rarely in Anstlin. The neutral form of a noun is its masculine form. The genders are used depending on the genders they associate with. The genders change nouns with a vowel shift, but only the first vowel in the noun changes.
Vowel | Backed | Fronted |
---|---|---|
a | æ | ea |
e | o | i |
i | ea | oe |
y | ea | oe |
o | u | a |
u | iw? | oi? |
Masculine nouns stay the same, feminine backs the vowel sound, and neuter fronts the vowel sound.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
---|---|---|---|
Word | frin | frean | froen |
If the noun is a compound word, then both or all nouns in that compound word do vowel shifts.
Anstlin has four grammatical cases being nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. The language has definite and indefinite articles as well, which decline based on gender and case.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | wō | wēi | wē | wāi | wī | wōi |
Accusative | hwūge | hwōi | hwā | hwea | hwea | hwī |
Genitive | hwōð | hwēð | hwēð | hwāð | hwīð | hwōð |
Dative | hwūge | hwōi | hwā | hwea | hwea | hwī |
The noun quantities are singular and plural. Declensions are shown below.
frin - "sibling" | Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantity | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Case | Nominative | frine | frinei | freane | freanei | froene | froenei |
Accusative | frina | frinai | freana | freanai | froena | froenai | |
Genitive | frini | frineo | freani | freaneo | froeni | froeneo | |
Dative | frinu | friniw | freanu | freaniw | froenu | froeniw |
Second Declension | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sþá - "rib" | Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Quantity | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Case | Nominative | sþáje | sþájei | sþǽje | sþǽjei | sþeaje | sþeajei |
Accusative | sþája | sþájai | sþǽja | sþǽjai | sþeaja | sþeajai | |
Genitive | sþáji | sþájeo | sþǽji | sþǽjeo | sþeaji | sþeajeo | |
Dative | sþáju | sþájiw | sþǽju | sþǽjiw | sþeaju | sþeajiw |
As seen above, Anstlin has two declensions. Depending on the ending of the root noun, the declension changes.
Compound Words[edit | edit source]
Mother | Þælcyne | Aunt (Parent's Sister) | Þealcyni Freane | Daughter | Þweane | Second Cousin (Once Overcrossed Sibling) | Gowsþeme Crygehlésoþise Froene |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Father | Þalcyne | Uncle (Parent's Brother) | Þealcyni Frine | Son | Þwine | Fourth Cousin (Three Times Overcrossed Sibling) | Férþeme Crygehlésoþise Froene |
Brother | Frine | Female Cousin (Crossed Sister) | Hlésoþise Freane | Niece (Crossed Daughter) | Hlésoþise Þweane | First Cousin Twice Removed () | |
Sister | Freane | Male Cousin (Crossed Brother) | Hlésoþise Frine | Nephew (Crossed Son) | Hlésoþise Þwine |
Adjectives[edit | edit source]
Adjectives in Anstlin decline based on the noun's ending. However, gender doesn't apply.
Adjective | Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative |
---|---|---|---|---|
erwinds - "good" | Hwe erwindse siþweste | Hwe fodwise wyðáse fým he erwindsa siþwesta | Helja sgásti sje hleðilmeo siþwestai. | |
wéft - "mad" | ||||
ólð - "sad" | ||||
þæ - "dry" | ||||
reið - "cold" | ||||
þsó - "clean" | ||||
hleðilm - fearing |
Verbs[edit | edit source]
Verbs do have an infinitive "-yh." They also have conjugation based on the grammatical person.
Ó - I | É - You | Mí - They | Dó/Dé/Dí - He/She/It | Sá - We | Á - You all | Þé - One | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rýsþyh - to forget | rýsþe | rýsþi | rýsþow | rýsþa | rýsþow | rýsþiw | rýsþaw |
sgástyh - to have | sgāste | sgāsti | sgāstow | sgāsta | sgāstow | sgāstiw | sgāstaw |
cánwyh - to hear | cānwe | cānwi | cānwow | cānwa | cānwow | cānwiw | cānwaw |
swinyh - to walk | swine | swini | swinow | swina | swinow | swiniw | swinaw |
þúsnyh - to tell | þúsne | þúsni | þúsnow | þúsna | þúsnow | þúsniw | þúsnaw |
héþwyh - to speak | hēþwe | hēþwi | hēþwow | hēþwa | hēþwow | hēþwiw | hēþwaw |
hysnyh - to like | hysne | hysni | hysnow | hysna | hysnow | hysniw | hysnaw |
sýhðyh - to want | sýhðe | sýhði | sýhðow | sýhða | sýhðow | sýhðiw | sýhðaw |
djórsyh - to need | djōrse | djōrsi | djōrsow | djōrsa | djōrsow | djōrsiw | djōrsaw |
Tense[edit | edit source]
Verbs are changed by vowel shifts and endings, just like nouns. Tenses change by vowel shifts, backing the vowel is the past, and fronting it is the future.
3rd Person Singular with (to be: wiðyh) | Past | Present | Future |
---|---|---|---|
Simple | weasða | wisða | woesða |
Again, only the first vowel changes.
Aspect[edit | edit source]
Verbs also conjugate based on aspect and this is done with fusional endings.
3rd Person Singular with (to be: wiðyh) | Past | Present | Future |
---|---|---|---|
Perfective | weasðasti | wisðasti | woesðasti |
Simple | weasða | wisða | woesða |
Imperfective (Continuous) | weasðaswi | wisðaswi | woesðaswi |
Perfective Continuous | weasðaswesti | wisðaswesti | woesðaswesti |
Verbs also have a participle and a gerund. The past participle is -oþ, and the present participle is -ilm.
Hwe bsytilme stiwge. - The flying bird. VS Hwe stiwge bsytaswi. - The bird is flying
Hwe þsójoþe broþiste. - The cleaned plate. VS Hwe broþiste wisða þsójoþe - The plate is cleaned.
Verb Mood[edit | edit source]
For verb moods, Anstlin has the following:
- Conditional: hjere
- Subjunctive: hym
- Indicative: fra and "?"
- Imperative Indicate: lige fra and "?!"
- Imperative Surprise: lige and "!"
- Imperative Anger: "lige sne" and "!"
- Imperative Sadness: "lige deosje" and "!"
- Should: sinje
- Could: weaðyh sca
- Infinitive: -yh
Examples | Sentence | Sentence |
---|---|---|
Conditional | Hosga hjerse lésðesti OR Hosga windse lésðesti OR Hosga weasðesti sca lésðyh | I would have done OR I should have done OR I could have done |
Subjunctive | Þyn hosga gysn wisðe heljas... | If I were you... |
Interrogative | Fra hosga lésðesti neljas? | Have I done it? |
Imperative (Interrogate) | Lige fra hosga lésðesti neljas?! | Have I done it?! |
Imperative (Surprise) | Lige hosga lésðesti neljas! | I have done it! |
Imperative (Anger) | Lige sne hosga lésðesti neljas! | I have done it! (In an angry tone) |
Imperative (Sadness) | Lige deosje hosga lésðesti neljas! | I have done it! (In a sad tone) |
Syntax[edit | edit source]
The syntax is pretty basic. Anstlin uses the subject-verb-object (SVO) order and has the adjective-noun order.
Number[edit | edit source]
Cardinal | Ordinal | Multiplicative | Nominal | English |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gows | Gowsþen | Gowsfer | 1 | One, First, Once |
Cys | Cysþen | Cysfer | 2 | Two, Second, Twice |
Mér | Mérþen | Mérfer | 3 | Three, Third, Thrice |
Sæl | Sælþen | Sælfer | 4 | Four, Fourth, Four Times |
Hyl | Hylþen | Hylfer | 5 | Five, Fifth, Five Times |
Næs | Næsþen | Næsfer | 6 | Six, Sixth, Six Times |
Hjes | Hjesþen | Hjesfer | 7 | Seven, Seventh, Seven Times |
Ljás | Ljásþen | Ljásfer | 8 | Eight, Eighth, Eight Times |
Sás | Sásþen | Sásfer | 9 | Nine, Ninth, Nine Times |
Wos | Wosþen | Wosfer | 10 | Ten, Tenth, Ten Times |
Lige hosga sgáste he gowsþena lynwasþa! - I have the first award!
Fra helja glænti neljas cysþena fylasþa? - Did you find it the second time?
Lexicon[edit | edit source]
This is the translator for the straight-up words: https://lingojam.com/anstlin
Here is the name Anstlin in different languages:
English: Anstlin
Anstlin: Háslaiþe
Greek: Ανστλικά (Anstliká)
Russian: Анстлинский (Anstlinskiy)
Amharic: ሃኒሲቲላኒ (Hanīsītīlanī) Arabic: ألانيزيتيلينا (al'Anyzytilina)
German: Änstlenisch
Goidelic Celtic: Ánstlinnach
Brythonic Celtic: Anstlisg
Finnish: Anstlalainen, Anstlai Kieli