[v] intervocalicly or when following voiced plosive
/θ/
[ð] intervocalicly or when following voiced plosive
/s/
[z] intervocalicly or when following voiced plosive
/ʃ/
[ʒ] intervocalicly or when following voiced plosive
/x/
[ɣ] intervocalicly or when following voiced plosive
/h/
[ɦ] intervocalicly, [ç] when preceding front vowel
/l/
/lj/ is realized as [ʎ]
/j/
-
/w/
-
/r/
[ɾ] or [r] in free variation; often [ɾ] when following on a consonant and [r] intervocalicly
Phonotactics
Aptissian phonotactics strongly favor syllables with few consonants.Syllables are of the type (C)(C)(L/S)V(C). Consonant clusters in the onset are mostly limited to combinations of voiceless fricatives and /t/ or /s/ and /p k/. All plosives can be followed by /r/. All consonants can be followed by a semivowel /j w/.
Stress & Tone
In Aptissian, stress is assigned according to the so called 2-mora rule. The rule states that the stress falls onto the syllable which contains the second to last mora in a word. Stress is therefore dependent on syllable weight. Aptissian distinguishes light and heavy syllables, lasting 1 mora or 2 morae, respectively. A syllable is considered heavy if it contains any of these features:
A long vowel
A diphthong starting with a long vowel
A nasal in the coda
A part of a geminated consonant in the coda
Since all syllables have at least 1 mora, stress can only fall on either the penultimate or ultimate syllable. If the penultimate is stressed, it recieves a low tone. If the ultimate is stressed, it recieves a high tone.
There exists a class of words called "moraic clitics". These are monosyllabic words that can only appear attached to other words. Regardless of there syllable weight, they add a mora to the ending of a word without counting as a syllable of the word - therefore the stress will always fall on the syllable preceding the clitic and the tone will always be high.
Orthography
Alphabet
Phoneme
Α α
/a/
Β β
/b/
Γ γ
/g/
Δ δ
/d/
Ε ε
/e/
Ζ ζ
/ʃ/
Η η
/ɛ/
Θ θ
/θ/
Ι ι
/i/ + /j/
Κ κ
/k/
Λ λ
/l/
Μ μ
/m/
Ν ν
/n/
Ξ ξ
[ks]
Ο ο
/o/
Π π
/p/
Ρ ρ
/r/
Σ σ/ς
/s/
Τ τ
/t/
Υ υ
/u/ + /w/
Φ φ
/f/
Χ χ
/x/
Ψ ψ
[ps]
Ω ω
/ɔ/
Long vowels were traditionally marked with an apex - nowadays though, most people use the acute accent since most technologies do not support the apex sign
Diphthongs are written as the combination of their sounds - if, instead of a diphthong, a hiatus occurs, the Ι/Υ is marked with a trema if it is a short vowel or with an acute accent if it is a long vowel
If Ι/Υ could represent a /j/ or /w/, they do - the vowels have to be marked either by trema or by an acute accent
The phoneme /ŋ/ is written as ΓΓ/γγ
The phoneme /h/ is written as a spiritus asper above the following vowel (Examples: ἁ ἑ ἡ ἱ ὁ ὑ ὡ)
