Ardlang

Progress 18%
	Stats Nouns 69% Verbs 0% Adjectives 0% Syntax 15% Words 900 of 1500

Ardlang Ardlang
Type
Rather isolating
Alignment
Direct
Head direction
Tonal
No
Declensions
No
Conjugations
No
Genders
3
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

General information

Ardlang is a worldlang project. It has an a posteriori dictionary and an a priori grammar.

Phonology

Ardlang follows the rule "one letter = one sound" with few exceptions due to euphonia.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close-mid	e		o
Open		a

Alphabet

Currently there is only a Latin and a Cyrillic alphabet.

Latin	Cyrillic	Pronunciation
A a	A a	[a]
B b	Б б	[b]
C c	Ц ц	[ts]
D d	Д д	[d]
E e	E e	[e]
F f	Ф ф	[f]
G g	Г г	[g]
H h	X x	[h] or [x]
I i	И и	[i]
J j	Ж ж	[ʒ] or [dʒ]
K k	К к	[k]
L l	Л л	[l]
M m	М м	[m]
N n	Н н	[n]
O o	O o	[o]
P p	П п	[p]
Q q	Ч ч	[tʃ]
R r	P p	[r] or [ɹ]
S s	C c	[s]
T t	Т т	[t]
U u	У у	[u]
V v	В в	[v]
W w	Ў ў	[w]
X x	Ш ш	[ʃ]
Y y	Й й	[j]
Z z	З з	[z] or [dz]

H, J and R can be pronounced in two different ways. For example, an English speaker would find more natural to pronounce J as [ʤ], while a French or a Russian one would more easily pronounce it as [ʒ].

Stress

Stress is on the penultimate syllable. W and Y are semivowels, therefore the stress is never placed on them. For example, sekwi (to follow) is pronounced [sEkwi] and not [sekUi]. An exception is made for AO and EO, due to euphony. When they constitute the last two syllables, O is considered a vowel and the stress falls on A or E. Therefore, leon (lion) is pronounced [lEon]. Otherwise, O is considered a semivowel. So baoli (violence) is pronounced [bAoli] and not [baOli].

Compound words, kept together by an hyphen, have one stress for each root word. Ex: Frans-lang (French language) [frAns-lAng].

Grammar

	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Nouns	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adjectives	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adverb	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Particle	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

Vocabulary

The vocabulary borrows from various language families, categorized as follows.

• Indo-European: Italian, English, French, Spanish, German, Russian, Hindi-Urdu, Sanskrit, Farsi, Latin, Greek. Minor sources include Basque, Portuguese, Ukrainian, Irish, Albanian, Armenian and Bengali.
• Altaic: Japanese, Korean, Turkish
• Sino-Tibetan: Mandarin Chinese
• Afroasiatic: Arabic. Minor sources include Hebrew.
• Austronesian: Indonesian, Malay, Javanese
• Niger-Congo: Swahili. Minor sources include Bantu languages.

Swadesh List

No.	English	Ardlang
1	I	me
2	you (singular)	te
3	he	ho
4	we	we
5	you (plural)	ve
6	they	le
7	this	este
8	that	kele
9	here	je
10	there	na
11	who	kwi
12	what	kto
13	where	kwer
14	when	kwan
15	how	kak
16	not	ne
17	all	ves
18	many	poli
19	some	irgen
20	few	xao
21	other	ali
22	one	un
23	two	du
24	three	tri
25	four	qar
26	five	pent
27	big	meg
28	long	long
29	wide	wid
30	thick	dik
31	heavy	wazni
32	small	parve
33	short	dwan
34	narrow	ang
35	thin	bao
36	woman	gina, fem
37	man (adult male)	andro, nan
38	man (human being)	human
39	child	infant, kid
40	wife	gamfem
41	husband	gamnan
42	mother	matra
43	father	patro
44	animal	animal
45	fish	maq
46	bird	pakxi
47	cat	—
48	dog	kuk
49	louse	lus
50	snake	serpent
51	worm	verm
52	tree	arbor
53	forest	forest
54	stick	stik
55	fruit	frukt
56	seed	sem
57	leaf	yez
58	root	riza
59	bark	korteks
60	flower	flor
61	grass	cao
62	rope	kord
63	skin	derm
64	meat	maz
65	blood	hema
66	bone	osto
67	fat	lipo, lipid
68	egg	ovo
69	horn	korn
70	tail	kawd
71	feather	plum
72	hair	har, triho
73	head	kaput
74	ear	oto
75	eye	ayk
76	nose	nos
77	mouth	mund
78	tooth	dent
79	tongue	jib
80	fingernail	nag
81	foot	pod
82	leg	noga
83	knee	genue
84	hand	hand
85	wing	pter
86	belly	ventre
87	guts	antra
88	neck	jing
89	back	dors
90	breast	yuban
91	heart	kor, kardyo
92	liver	hepat
93	drink	pin
94	eat	fag
95	bite	yao
96	suck	sukti
97	spit	spit
98	vomit	vomit
99	blow	sufle
100	breathe	nafas
101	laugh	rid
102	see	vid
103	hear	awdit
104	know	gnoz
105	think	pens
106	smell	wen
107	fear	fob
108	sleep	dorm
109	live	jiv
110	die	mort
111	kill	mord, katla
112	fight	jeng
113	hunt	kaz
114	hit	udar
115	cut	katna
116	split	split
117	stab	ponard
118	scratch	skrat
119	dig	kav
120	swim	plav
121	fly	fey
122	walk	zow
123	come	lay
124	lie	lug
125	sit	sid
126	stand	stand
127	turn	rotat, spin
128	fall	pad
129	give	dan
130	hold	ten
131	squeeze	klem
132	rub	frot
133	wash	don
134	wipe	terg
135	pull	trakt
136	push	twi
137	throw	pao
138	tie	ligat
139	sew	kudre
140	count	kont, komput
141	say	xwo
142	sing	gan
143	play	ludo, play, igrat
144	float	flot
145	flow	fluks
146	freeze	maroz
147	swell	inflati
148	sun	sol
149	moon	lun
150	star	xin
151	water	hidro, akwa
151	rain	pluv
152	river	nadi
153	lake	lak
154	sea	mar
155	salt	sal, hal
156	stone	petra
157	sand	sand
158	dust	pulve
160	earth	ard, zemya
161	cloud	nub
162	fog	nebul
163	sky	tyan
164	wind	feng
165	snow	sneg
166	ice	lyod
167	smoke	duman, fum
168	fire	agni
169	ash	seniz
170	burn	bren
171	road	dao
172	mountain	xan
173	red	rud
174	green	ahdar
175	yellow	hwan
176	white	byel
177	black	kal
178	night	nokt
179	day	din
180	year	nyan
181	warm	garm
182	cold	halod
183	full	plen
184	new	nov
185	old	lao
186	good	bon
187	bad	mal
188	rotten	putrid
189	dirty	zang
190	straight	ort
191	round	rond
192	sharp	akut
193	dull	tup
194	smooth	glat
195	wet	mokri
196	dry	suk
197	correct	korekti
198	near	karib
199	far	dalek
200	right	desne
201	left	levne
202	at	a
203	in	in
204	with	yu
205	and	i
206	if	ag
207	because	sabab
208	name	nam

Example text

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Ves human quxen azad i egal in endiote i prav. Le hav razon i yanxim, i deb akt mutwal in spirit de fratiote.