Phonology & Orthography (Target)[]
The mayuscules can be replaced doubling the consonant
Consonant[]
| Consonants | Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharynx | Glotal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Voiceless | π /p/ | τ /t/ | **(c) | κ /k/ | Κ /q/ | |||||
| Voiced | Β /b/ | Δ /d/ | **(ɟ) | Γ /g/ | κγ /ɢ/ | ||||||
| Fricative | Non
Lateral |
Voiceless | φ /f/ | θ /θ/ | σ /s/ | Σ /ʃ/ | **(ç) | χ /x/ | Χ /χ/ | Ηˆ * /ħ/ | ηˆ * /h/ |
| Voiced | β /β/ | δ /ð/ | ζ /z/ | Ζ /ʒ/ | **(ʝ) | γ /ɣ/ | κρ /ʁ/ | ||||
| Lateral | Voiceless | λσ /ɬ/ | |||||||||
| Voiced | λζ /ɮ/ | ||||||||||
| Africates | Voiceless | πφ /pf/ | τθ /tθ/ | τσ /ts/
τλ /tɬ/ |
ξσ /tʃ/ | **(cç) | κχ /kx/ | ξχ /qχ/ | |||
| Voiced | πβ /bv/ | ξδ /dð/ | δζ /dz/
δλ /dɮ/ |
ξζ /dʒ/ | **(ɟʝ) | ξγ /gɣ/ | ξρ /ɢʁ/ | ||||
| Nasal | μ /m/ | ν /n/ | **(ɲ) | (ŋ) | Ν /ɴ/ | ||||||
| Aproximant and Vibrants | ωˆ * /w/ | ρ /ɹ/, ρˆ * /ɾ/, ρρ /r/ | î */j/ | (ʀ) | |||||||
| Lateral | λ /l/ | **(ʎ) | Λ /ʟ/ | ||||||||
- * Some consonants are writen as vowels, the circumflex is used to clarify the ambiguity
- ** The palatal consonant are a remanent of the strong, weak palatization, the weak is triger by i and converts into palatal today, the strong is triger with j and today cause an i or palatalizes depending of the sound that is after the consonant
- The allophones (in pharentesis), are explained later.
Vowels[]
| Vowels
(all have (:)) |
Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U | R | U | R | ||
| Closed | ι /i/
(ɪ) |
Υ /y/
(ʏ) |
ευ /ɯ/ | υ /u/ | |
| Mid | Ι /e̞/
ε /ɛ/ |
Ο /ø̞/
(œ) |
η /ə/ | ου /ʊ/ | ο /o̞/ |
| Open | Ε /æ/ | (ɶ) | α /ä/ | H /ʌ/ | ω /ɔ/ |
Tonemes[]
| Tonemes | Length | Begining tone | Finish tone | Symbol | Diacritic
(using α) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid-flat Short | 1 | Normal | Normal | ˧ | α |
| High-flat Short | High | High | ˦ | ά | |
| Low-flat Short | Low | Low | ˨ | ὰ | |
| Mid-flat Large | 2 | Normal | Normal | ˧˧ | ᾱ |
| High-flat Large | High | High | ˦˦ | ᾱά | |
| Low-flat Large | Low | Low | ˨˨ | ᾱὰ | |
| Rising | Normal | High | ˧˦ | αά | |
| Falling | Normal | Low | ˧˨ | αὰ | |
| Antirising | High | Normal | ˦˧ | άα | |
| Antifalling | Low | Normal | ˨˧ | ὰα | |
| Extrarise | Low | High | ˦˨ | ὰά | |
| Extrafall | High | Low | ˨˦ | άὰ |
Alphabet[]
| Normal
Realization |
Trigers | Alophones | |
|---|---|---|---|
| α | [ä] | (None) | |
| β | [β] | (Doubling) | [b] |
| γ | [ɣ] | (Doubling) | [g] |
| +î-C | [ɣɪ] | ||
| +î+V (rounded) | [ɣʏ] | ||
| +ι | [ʝ] | ||
| (Doubling)+î-C | [gɪ] | ||
| (Doubling)+î+V (rounded) | [gʏ] | ||
| (Doubling)+ι | [ɟ] | ||
| δ | [ð] | (Doubling) | [d] |
| +ζ | [dz] | ||
| +λ | [dɮ] | ||
| ε | [ε] | (Doubling) | [æ] |
| +υ | [ɯ] | ||
| ζ | [z] | (Doubling) | [ʒ] |
| η | [ə] | (Doubling) | [ʌ] |
| θ | [θ] | (None) | |
| ι | [i] | (Doubling) | [e̞] |
| (Circumflex) | [j] | ||
| κ | [k] | (Doubling) | [q] |
| +î-C | [kɪ] | ||
| +î+V (rounded) | [kʏ] | ||
| +ι | [c] | ||
| +χ | [kx] | ||
| +χ+î-C | [kxɪ] | ||
| +χ+î+V (rounded) | [kxʏ] | ||
| +χ+ι | [cç] | ||
| λ | [l] | (Doubling) | [ʟ] |
| +î-C | [lɪ] | ||
| +î+V (rounded) | [lʏ] | ||
| +ι | [c] | ||
| +σ | [ɬ] | ||
| +ζ | [ɮ] | ||
| μ | [m] | (None) | |
| ν | [n] | (Doubling) | [ɴ] |
| +î-C | [nɪ] | ||
| +î+V (rounded) | [nʏ] | ||
| +ι | [ɲ] | ||
| in the coda | [ŋ] | ||
| +velar sounds | |||
| ξ | (Variable) | +δ | [dð] |
| +σ | [tʃ] | ||
| +ζ | [dʒ] | ||
| +γ | [gɣ] | ||
| +γ+î-C | [gɣɪ] | ||
| +γ+î+V (rounded) | [gɣʏ] | ||
| +ι | [ɟʝ] | ||
| +χ | [qχ] | ||
| +ρ | [ɢʁ] | ||
| ο | [o] | (Doubling) | [ø̞] |
| +υ | [ʊ] | ||
| π | [p] | +φ | [pf] |
| +β | [bv] | ||
| ρ | [ɹ] | (Circumflex) | [ɾ] |
| (Doubling) | [r] | ||
| σ | [s] | (Doubling) | [ʃ] |
| τ | [t] | +σ | [ts] |
| +ζ | [dz] | ||
| υ | [u] | (Doubling) | [y] |
| φ | [f] | (None) | |
| χ | [x] | (Doubling) | [χ] |
| [xj] | |||
| +î-C | [xɪ] | ||
| +î+V (rounded) | [xʏ] | ||
| +ι | [ç] | ||
| ψ | (None) | ||
| ω | [ɔ] | (Circumflex) | [w] |
Phonotactics[]
The sylable structure is (C)(Circumflex)V(Circumflex)(V)T(C)
All the words are mostly monosylabic, like in chinese
Grammar[]
The parts of speech are
- Nouns
- Verbs
- Descriptors
- Grammar Words