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Asdhouian aswd'eehous tlinia | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Aggluntinative | |||
Alignment | |||
Head direction | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
Yes | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
1 | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
Contents
General information[edit | edit source]
Asdhouian(Asdhouian:Aswd'eehous tlinia)is a language spoken by Asdhouian People(Asdhouian:Aswd'eehoum pipole)as the official language of The First Republic of Asdhouia in West Graveteiiland, pensarus kaleta.
Phonology[edit | edit source]
Consonants[edit | edit source]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | hn /n/ | n /ŋ/ | |||||||||
Plosive | b /b/, p /p/ | d /d/, t /t/ | k /k/, g /g/ | |||||||||
Fricative | f /f/, v /v/ | s /s/ | ss /ʃ/, r /ʒ/ | x /ɕ/ | ' /x/ | |||||||
Affricate | c /ts/, z /z/ | cc /tʃ/, zz /dʒ/ | q /tɕ/, j /dɕ/ | |||||||||
Approximant | hp /ɹ/ | |||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||
Lateral fric. | ||||||||||||
Lateral app. | l /l/ | |||||||||||
Lateral flap |
Vowels[edit | edit source]
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close |
i /i/, y /y/ |
w /ɯ/, u /u/ | |||
Near-close | |||||
Close-mid | |||||
Mid | e /e/ | ee /ə/ | |||
Open-mid | o-e /œ/ | o /ɔ/ | |||
Near-open |
a-e /æ/ |
||||
Open | a /a/ |
Vowels with brackets is rounded.
Alphabet[edit | edit source]
Asdhouian uses Latin Alphabet and it has thirty-eight alphabets.
Alphabet | a | a-e | b | c | cc | d | e | ee | f | g | h | hn | i |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | a | a-e | be | ce | cce | de | e | ee | ef | ge | he | hne | i |
Alphabet | w | j | ii | k | l | m | n | o | o-e | p | hp | q | qu |
Name | w | jie | iiè | ke | le | me | ne | o | o-e | pe | Pe | qie | Que |
Alphabet | r | s | ss | t | u | y | v | x | z | zz | ' | ||
Name | re | se | sse | te | u | y | ve | xie | ze | zze | 'e |
Phonotactics[edit | edit source]
Accents[edit | edit source]
Grammar[edit | edit source]
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Nouns | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Adverb | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pronouns | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Articles[edit | edit source]
The definite article in Asdhouian is 'la' which means 'the', the indefinite article in Asdhouian is 'uhn' which means 'a'.
Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Person | First Person | Second Person | Third Person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | iia | iie | ta | te | ila/ela/ona | ile/ele/one |
Accusative | iiaZ | iieZ | taZ | teZ | ilaZ/elaZ/onaZ | ileZ/eleZ/oneZ |
Possessive Pronoun(Adjective) | iius/iium | iieus/iieum | tus/tum | teus/teum |
ilus/ilum/elus/ elum/onus/onum |
ileus/ileum/eleus/ eleum/oneus/oneum |
Possessive Pronoun(Noun) | iiua/iiue | iiuèa/iiuèe | tua/tue | tuèa/tuèe |
ilua/ilue/elua/ elue/onua/onue |
iluèa/iluèe/eluèa/ eluèe/onuèa/onuèe |
Reflexive Pronoun | iiaselfa | iiaselfe | taselfa | taselfe | ilaselfa/elaselfa/onaselfa | ilaselfa/elaselfa/onaselfa |
Note that in Asdhouian we use 'I's and 'You's to express 'We' and 'You (Plural) '.
Interrogative pronoun[edit | edit source]
What | When | Where | Who | Why |
và | vehn | vuit | vis | vai |
How | How many | How long | This | That |
tè | tèmhn | tèlè | vìs | viàt |
Nouns[edit | edit source]
There are three declensions in Asdhouian.
(I)livra (book) |
Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | livra | livre |
Accusative | livraZ | livreZ |
Dative | asd livra | asd livre |
Possessive | livra's | livre's |
(II)poklarā (a beauty) |
Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | poklarā | poklarae |
Accusative | poklarāZ | poklaraeZ |
Dative | asd poklarā | asd poklarae |
Possessive | poklarā's | poklarae's |
(III)klimatea (climate) |
Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | klimatea | klimatē |
Accusative | klimateaZ | klimatēZ |
Dative | asd klimatea | asd klimatē |
Possessive | klimatea's | klimatē's |
Verbs[edit | edit source]
Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]
There are four kinds of conjugations for regular verbs.
(I)esser (to be) |
Persons | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aspects | Tense/Number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Simple | Present | esso | essos | esses | essez | essat | essart |
Past | essevo | essevos | esseves | essevez | essevat | essevart | |
Future | essebo | essebos | essebes | essebez | essebat | essebart | |
Past Future | essekto | essektos | essektes | essektez | essektat | essektart | |
Perfect | Present | essozo | essozos | essozes | essozez | essozat | essozart |
Past | essovo | essovos | essoves | essovez | essovat | essovart | |
Future | essobo | essobos | essobes | essobez | essobat | essobart | |
Past Future | essokto | essoktos | essoktes | essoktez | essoktat | essokbart | |
Progressive | Present | essazo | essazos | essazes | essazez | essazat | essazart |
Past | essavo | essavos | essaves | essavez | essavat | essavart | |
Future | essabo | essabos | essabes | essabez | essabat | essabart | |
Past Future | essakto | essaktos | essaktes | essaktez | essaktat | essaktart | |
Perfect Progressive | Present | essuazo | essuazos | essuazes | essuazez | essuazat | essuazart |
Past | essuavo | essuavos | essuaves | essuavez | essuavat | essuavart | |
Future | essuabo | essuabos | essuabes | essuabez | essuabat | essuabart | |
Past Future | essuakto | essuaktos | essuaktes | essuaktez | essuaktat | essuaktart |
Common -er verbs, such as esser(to be) or agiter(to do).
Because the whole table is too big, I will only show the person part of the table for the next three conjugations.
(II)katoer (to try) |
1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Present | katō | katōs | katoes | katoez | katoat | katoart |
Ending with -oer.
(III)kirēr (to create) |
1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Present | kireo | kireos | kirēs | kirēz | kireat | kireart |
Ending with long er.
(IV)varaer (to work) |
1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Present | varao | varaos | varaes | varaez | varāt | varārt |
Ending with -aer.
Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]
There are no Irregular verbs in Asdhouian.
Passive Voice[edit | edit source]
The passive voice is employed in a clause whose subject expresses the theme or patient of the verb. That is, it undergoes an action or has its state changed. In Asdhouian, it is very easy to change a verb to passive, we just need to put 'en' at the end of the verb.
- La alianus lufta-ephata ssutevaten. (The foreign aircraft was shot down.)
If we know who is the subject, use 'bè'(by).
- La alianus lufta-ehpata ssutevaten bè 'anassiiius urbus militara.(The foreign aircraft was shot down by the Hanacian city military.)
Gerund[edit | edit source]
The gerund is a non-finite verb form that can function as a noun. To change a verb to a gerund, we cut off the -er at the end and change it to -ia.
In English, the -ing can represent gerund but it is also present participle. In 'the working man', 'working' is the pp, so we should not translate it into 'varaia'.
- voiagia essat uH poiteilia. (travelling is a pleasure.)
NOTE THAT NOT ALL VERBS END IN -IA ARE GERUNDS.
Participle[edit | edit source]
Unlike English, there are totally thirty-two partciples in Asdhouian. These are the most common three:
- flugus ahpaiiia (the bird which flies)
- flugazus ahpaiiia (flying bird)
- flugozus ahpaiiia (the bird which has flown)
There are also passive participles.
Adjectives[edit | edit source]
bonus (good) |
Normal | Comparative | Superlative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case/number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | bonus | bonum | bonùs | bonùm | bonissimus | bonissimum |
Accusative | bonuZ | bonumZ | bonùZ | bonùmZ | bonissimuZ | bonissimumZ |
Dative | asd bonus | asd bonum | asd bonùs | asd bonùm | asd bonissimus | asd bonissimum |
Possessive | bonu's | bonum's | bonù's | bonùm's | bonissimu's |
bonissimum's |
Adverbs[edit | edit source]
Adverbs are the most difficult part in Asdhouian.
Person | I | You(sg) | He/she/it | We | You(pl) | They |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
voitî (quickly) |
voitò | voitè | voità |
voitòr |
voitèr | voitàr |
Comparison | Normal |
Comparative |
Superlative |
---|---|---|---|
voitî | voitì | voitissimî |
Prepositions[edit | edit source]
Compound Words[edit | edit source]
Sentence Pattern[edit | edit source]
Questions[edit | edit source]
Normal Question[edit | edit source]
IS THERE Question[edit | edit source]
Clauses[edit | edit source]
Noun Clause[edit | edit source]
Other Clauses[edit | edit source]
Conversion of words[edit | edit source]
Moods[edit | edit source]
Indicative Mood[edit | edit source]
Imperative Mood[edit | edit source]
Conditional Mood[edit | edit source]
Vocabulary[edit | edit source]
No. | English | Asdhouian |
---|---|---|
1 | I | iia |
2 | you (singular) | ta |
3 | he | ila |
4 | we | iie |
5 | you (plural) | te |
6 | they | ile |
7 | this | vìs |
8 | that | viàt |
9 | here | en vìs tlaka |
10 | there | en viàt tlaka |
11 | who | vis |
12 | what | và |
13 | where | vuit |
14 | when | vehn |
15 | how | tè |
16 | not | hnohn |
17 | all | totus |
18 | many | lotus |
19 | some | somus |
20 | few | fevus |
21 | other | alius |
22 | one | oHar |
23 | two | vigar |
24 | three | pensar |
25 | four | qatar |
26 | five | quintar |
27 | big | manus |
28 | long | longus |
29 | wide | vidus |
30 | thick | oan'kus |
31 | heavy | hevius |
32 | small | petitius |
33 | short | aglakus |
34 | narrow | nadus |
35 | thin | oinus |
36 | woman | virohna |
37 | man (adult male) | virula |
38 | man (human being) | huma |
39 | child | filia |
40 | wife | spèzohna |
41 | husband | spèzula |
42 | mother | matra |
43 | father | patra |
44 | animal | anima |
45 | fish | oikua |
46 | bird | ahpaiiia |
47 | cat | — |
48 | dog | sqera |
49 | louse | dajeszna |
50 | snake | — |
51 | worm | — |
52 | tree | — |
53 | forest | — |
54 | stick | — |
55 | fruit | — |
56 | seed | — |
57 | leaf | — |
58 | root | — |
59 | bark | — |
60 | flower | — |
61 | grass | — |
62 | rope | — |
63 | skin | — |
64 | meat | — |
65 | blood | — |
66 | bone | — |
67 | fat | — |
68 | egg | — |
69 | horn | — |
70 | tail | — |
71 | feather | — |
72 | hair | — |
73 | head | — |
74 | ear | — |
75 | eye | — |
76 | nose | — |
77 | mouth | — |
78 | tooth | — |
79 | tongue | — |
80 | fingernail | — |
81 | foot | — |
82 | leg | — |
83 | knee | — |
84 | hand | — |
85 | wing | — |
86 | belly | — |
87 | guts | — |
88 | neck | — |
89 | back | — |
90 | breast | — |
91 | heart | — |
92 | liver | — |
93 | drink | — |
94 | eat | — |
95 | bite | — |
96 | suck | — |
97 | spit | — |
98 | vomit | — |
99 | blow | — |
100 | breathe | — |
101 | laugh | — |
102 | see | — |
103 | hear | — |
104 | know | — |
105 | think | — |
106 | smell | — |
107 | fear | — |
108 | sleep | — |
109 | live | — |
110 | die | — |
111 | kill | — |
112 | fight | — |
113 | hunt | — |
114 | hit | — |
115 | cut | — |
116 | split | — |
117 | stab | — |
118 | scratch | — |
119 | dig | — |
120 | swim | — |
121 | fly | — |
122 | walk | — |
123 | come | — |
124 | lie | — |
125 | sit | — |
126 | stand | — |
127 | turn | — |
128 | fall | — |
129 | give | — |
130 | hold | — |
131 | squeeze | — |
132 | rub | — |
133 | wash | — |
134 | wipe | — |
135 | pull | — |
136 | push | — |
137 | throw | — |
138 | tie | — |
139 | sew | — |
140 | count | — |
141 | say | — |
142 | sing | — |
143 | play | — |
144 | float | — |
145 | flow | — |
146 | freeze | — |
147 | swell | — |
148 | sun | — |
149 | moon | — |
150 | star | — |
151 | water | — |
151 | rain | — |
152 | river | — |
153 | lake | — |
154 | sea | — |
155 | salt | — |
156 | stone | — |
157 | sand | — |
158 | dust | — |
160 | earth | — |
161 | cloud | — |
162 | fog | — |
163 | sky | — |
164 | wind | — |
165 | snow | — |
166 | ice | — |
167 | smoke | — |
168 | fire | — |
169 | ash | — |
170 | burn | — |
171 | road | — |
172 | mountain | — |
173 | red | — |
174 | green | — |
175 | yellow | — |
176 | white | — |
177 | black | — |
178 | night | — |
179 | day | — |
180 | year | — |
181 | warm | — |
182 | cold | — |
183 | full | — |
184 | new | — |
185 | old | — |
186 | good | — |
187 | bad | — |
188 | rotten | — |
189 | dirty | — |
190 | straight | — |
191 | round | — |
192 | sharp | — |
193 | dull | — |
194 | smooth | — |
195 | wet | — |
196 | dry | — |
197 | correct | — |
198 | near | — |
199 | far | — |
200 | right | — |
201 | left | — |
202 | at | — |
203 | in | — |
204 | with | — |
205 | and | — |
206 | if | — |
207 | because | — |
208 | name | — |