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| Asitane not yet | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Fusional | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Active-stative | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Final | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information[]
This is a work in progress. More to come later.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Plosive | p | r | k | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ | f | θ | s | x | h | |
| Trill | ʀ | ||||||
| Approximant | ɹ | ||||||
| Lateral fric. | ɬ | ||||||
| Lateral app. | l |
Vowels[]
Vowels are distinguished by length, short and long.
| Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | ɯ u | ||
| Mid | e ø | ɤ o | ||
| Open | a | ɒ |
Orthography[]
The residents of Asitane during this period had no writing system. I will thus use the Latin alphabet with the following correspondence:
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | nh | ||||
| Plosive | p | r | k | ||||
| Fricative | ph | f | th | s | x | h | |
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | rh | ||||||
| Lateral fric. | lh | ||||||
| Lateral app. | l |
| Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iu | w u | ||
| Mid | e eu | o ou | ||
| Open | a | au |
Long vowels are represented by a doubled vowel.
Phonotactics Syllables adhere to the pattern CV(N), where N is any consonant except plosives and /ɹ/. Vowels may be short or long.
Mutations:
- A bilabial consonant in the coda rounds the preceding vowel
- /h/ is elided if the preceding syllable ends in a consonant.
- When a stop follows a consonant articulated in a different location, the stop assimilates to that same position. E.g. /xt/ -> /xk/
- A plosive following a nasal assimilates to also become nasal. E.g. /mp/ -> /mm/
Grammar[]
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Nouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns[]
Verbs[]
Verbs conjugate to morphologically represent gender, number, tense, mood, and polarity.
There are three tenses: past, present, and future.
There are seven moods:
- Indicative
- Subjunctive
- Desiderative
- Potential
- Conditional
- Hortative
The conjugation patterns follow below. The endings indicate tense, gender, number, and polarity, while moods are represented by suffixes inserted before the inflections.
Affirmative
| Present | 1st conj. | plural | 2nd conj. | plural | 3rd conj. | plural |
| Male | -a | -au | -e | -eu | -o | -ou |
| Female | -a | -au | -i | -iu | -w | -u |
| Neuter | -as | -aus | -es | -eeus | -ws | -uus |
| Past | ||||||
| Male | -at | -aut | -et | -eut | -ot | -out |
| Female | -at | -aut | -it | -iut | -wt | -ut |
| Neuter | -asta | -austa | -eset | -eseut | -wswt | -usut |
| Future | ||||||
| Male | -ar | -aur | -er | -eur | -or | -our |
| Female | -ar | -aur | -ir | -iur | -wr | -ur |
| Neuter | -asra | -ausra | -eser | -eseur | -wswr | -usur |
Negative
| Present | 1st conj. | plural | 2nd conj. | plural | 3rd conj. | plural |
| Male | -an | -aun | -en | -eun | -on | -oun |
| Female | -an | -aun | -in | -iun | -wn | -un |
| Neuter | -anh | -aunh | -enh | -eunh | -wnh | -uunh |
| Past | ||||||
| Male | -anta | -aunta | -enet | -eneut | -onta | -ounout |
| Female | -anta | -aunta | -init | -iniut | -wnta | -unut |
| Neuter | -anhta | -aunhta | -enhet | -enheut | -wnhta | -unhut |
| Future | ||||||
| Male | -anra | -aunra | -ener | -eneur | -onra | -ounour |
| Female | -anra | -aunra | -inir | -iniur | -wnra | -unur |
| Neuter | -anhra | -aunhra | -enher | -enheur | -wnhra | -unhur |
Modal suffixes
| Subjunctive | -akk- | -ikk- | -wkk- |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative | -att- | -ett- | -ott- |
| Desiderative | -ass- | -iss- | -wss- |
| Potential | -annh- | -ennh- | -onnh- |
| Conditional | -allh- | -ellh- | -ollh- |
| Hortative | -aupph- | -iupph- | -upph- |
The affirmative participle is formed by an irregular conjugation pattern, which follows.
| Present | 1st conj. | plural | 2nd conj. | plural | 3rd conj. | plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | -aum | -aum | -eum | -eum | -oum | -oum |
| Female | -aum | -aum | -ium | -ium | -um | -um |
| Neuter | -aum | -aum | -eum | -eum | -um | -uum |
| Past | ||||||
| Male | -aumma | -aumma | -eumet | -eumeut | -oumma | -oumout |
| Female | -aumma | -aumma | -iumit | -iumiut | -umma | -umut |
| Neuter | -aumma | -aumma | -eumet | -eumeut | -umma | -umut |
| Future | ||||||
| Male | -aumra | -aumra | -eumer | -eumeur | -oumma | -oumour |
| Female | -aumra | -aumra | -iumir | -iumiur | -umma | -umur |
| Neuter | -aumra | -aumra | -eumer | -eumeur | -umma | -umur |
Negative participles are formed instead by adding a suffix between the verb stem and regular negative inflection. The suffix is:
| -aumph- | -eumph- | -oumph- |
The passive participle is formed by adding a suffix to the end of the corresponding active participle. The suffix is -man if the active participle ends in /m/, and -tan otherwise.
The gerund is used to form a noun out of a verb, which takes the meaning of "the act of doing x." The gerund is formed by a suffix, and declines like a first declension noun. The suffixes are as follows:
| Suffix | -alhe | -elhe | -wlhe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | neuter | female | male |
Syntax[]
Vocabulary[]
| No. | English | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | — |
| 2 | you (singular) | — |
| 3 | he | — |
| 4 | we | — |
| 5 | you (plural) | — |
| 6 | they | — |
| 7 | this | — |
| 8 | that | — |
| 9 | here | — |
| 10 | there | — |
| 11 | who | — |
| 12 | what | — |
| 13 | where | — |
| 14 | when | — |
| 15 | how | — |
| 16 | not | — |
| 17 | all | — |
| 18 | many | — |
| 19 | some | — |
| 20 | few | — |
| 21 | other | — |
| 22 | one | — |
| 23 | two | — |
| 24 | three | — |
| 25 | four | — |
| 26 | five | — |
| 27 | big | — |
| 28 | long | — |
| 29 | wide | — |
| 30 | thick | — |
| 31 | heavy | — |
| 32 | small | — |
| 33 | short | — |
| 34 | narrow | — |
| 35 | thin | — |
| 36 | woman | — |
| 37 | man (adult male) | — |
| 38 | man (human being) | — |
| 39 | child | — |
| 40 | wife | — |
| 41 | husband | — |
| 42 | mother | — |
| 43 | father | — |
| 44 | animal | — |
| 45 | fish | — |
| 46 | bird | — |
| 47 | dog | — |
| 48 | louse | — |
| 49 | snake | — |
| 50 | worm | — |
| 51 | tree | — |
| 52 | forest | — |
| 53 | stick | — |
| 54 | fruit | — |
| 55 | seed | — |
| 56 | leaf | — |
| 57 | root | — |
| 58 | bark | — |
| 59 | flower | — |
| 60 | grass | — |
| 61 | rope | — |
| 62 | skin | — |
| 63 | meat | — |
| 64 | blood | — |
| 65 | bone | — |
| 66 | fat | — |
| 67 | egg | — |
| 68 | horn | — |
| 69 | tail | — |
| 70 | feather | — |
| 71 | hair | — |
| 72 | head | — |
| 73 | ear | — |
| 74 | eye | — |
| 75 | nose | — |
| 76 | mouth | — |
| 77 | tooth | — |
| 78 | tongue | — |
| 79 | fingernail | — |
| 80 | foot | — |
| 81 | leg | — |
| 82 | knee | — |
| 83 | hand | — |
| 84 | wing | — |
| 85 | belly | — |
| 86 | guts | — |
| 87 | neck | — |
| 88 | back | — |
| 89 | breast | — |
| 90 | heart | — |
| 91 | liver | — |
| 92 | drink | — |
| 93 | eat | — |
| 94 | bite | — |
| 95 | suck | — |
| 96 | spit | — |
| 97 | vomit | — |
| 98 | blow | — |
| 99 | breathe | — |
| 100 | laugh | — |
| 101 | see | — |
| 102 | hear | — |
| 103 | know | — |
| 104 | think | — |
| 105 | smell | — |
| 106 | fear | — |
| 107 | sleep | — |
| 108 | live | — |
| 109 | die | — |
| 110 | kill | — |
| 111 | fight | — |
| 112 | hunt | — |
| 113 | hit | — |
| 114 | cut | — |
| 115 | split | — |
| 116 | stab | — |
| 117 | scratch | — |
| 118 | dig | — |
| 119 | swim | — |
| 120 | fly | — |
| 121 | walk | — |
| 122 | come | — |
| 123 | lie | — |
| 124 | sit | — |
| 125 | stand | — |
| 126 | turn | — |
| 127 | fall | — |
| 128 | give | — |
| 129 | hold | — |
| 130 | squeeze | — |
| 131 | rub | — |
| 132 | wash | — |
| 133 | wipe | — |
| 134 | pull | — |
| 135 | push | — |
| 136 | throw | — |
| 137 | tie | — |
| 138 | sew | — |
| 139 | count | — |
| 140 | say | — |
| 141 | sing | — |
| 142 | play | — |
| 143 | float | — |
| 144 | flow | — |
| 145 | freeze | — |
| 146 | swell | — |
| 147 | sun | — |
| 148 | moon | — |
| 149 | star | — |
| 150 | water | — |
| 151 | rain | — |
| 152 | river | — |
| 153 | lake | — |
| 154 | sea | — |
| 155 | salt | — |
| 156 | stone | — |
| 157 | sand | — |
| 158 | dust | — |
| 159 | earth | — |
| 160 | cloud | — |
| 161 | fog | — |
| 162 | sky | — |
| 163 | wind | — |
| 164 | snow | — |
| 165 | ice | — |
| 166 | smoke | — |
| 167 | fire | — |
| 168 | ash | — |
| 169 | burn | — |
| 170 | road | — |
| 171 | mountain | — |
| 172 | red | — |
| 173 | green | — |
| 174 | yellow | — |
| 175 | white | — |
| 176 | black | — |
| 177 | night | — |
| 178 | day | — |
| 179 | year | — |
| 180 | warm | — |
| 181 | cold | — |
| 182 | full | — |
| 183 | new | — |
| 184 | old | — |
| 185 | good | — |
| 186 | bad | — |
| 187 | rotten | — |
| 188 | dirty | — |
| 189 | straight | — |
| 190 | round | — |
| 191 | sharp | — |
| 192 | dull | — |
| 193 | smooth | — |
| 194 | wet | — |
| 195 | dry | — |
| 196 | correct | — |
| 197 | near | — |
| 198 | far | — |
| 199 | right | — |
| 200 | left | — |
| 201 | at | — |
| 202 | in | — |
| 203 | with | — |
| 204 | and | — |
| 205 | if | — |
| 206 | because | — |
| 207 | name | — |