| Attish Attsin | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Agglutinative | ||||||||||||
| Alignment | Ergative-Absolutive | ||||||||||||
| Head direction | Initial | ||||||||||||
| Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Genders | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | 0% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | [[User:|]] | ||||||||||||
Classification and Dialects[]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | ŋ | |||||||||
| Plosive | pʰ p | t̪ʰ t̪ | kʰ k | |||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ β | θ ð | s̺ (z̺) | ʃ (ʒ) | x ɣ | |||||||
| Affricate | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | ɹ̺ | j | ||||||||||
| Trill | ||||||||||||
| Flap or tap | ||||||||||||
| Lateral fric. | ||||||||||||
| Lateral app. | l l̥ | |||||||||||
| Lateral flap |
All phonemes, with the exception of geminated stops) have geminated counterparts (/p/ vs. /pː/), which contrast phonemically with their simple counterparts. In Latin script, geminate sounds are signaled by a double letter.
When preceding or following a voiced consonant, the voiceless /ʃ/ and /s̺/ may be voiced to [ʒ] and [z̺], respectively. This occurs more frequently in informal speech and the rural dialect (to be named).
In the rural dialect, /j/ and /ɹ̺/ may be realized as [ʒ] and [z̺], which was universal in earlier dialects.
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | iː y | u | |||
| Near-high | ɪ | ||||
| High-mid | eː | oː | |||
| Mid | ɛ | ||||
| Low-mid | ɔ | ||||
| Near-low | |||||
| Low | a |
Vowels, with the exception of the /iː ɪ/, /oː ɔ/ and /eː ɛ/ pairs (which also show a change in vowel quality), all vowels may be geminated. This is shown in Latin script by a double letter, which also signals a pronunciation change in the aforementioned pairs. That is, < o > signals /ɔ/ and < oo > signals /oː/.
Some, especially rural, communities may maintain gemination of /i e o/ without a change in vowel quality in ungeminated realizations.
With the exception of /y/, roundness is a feature of back vowels.
There are no diphthongs; vowels in contact are always in hiatus.
Phonotactics[]
There are two basic syllable structures in Atti. The first is (C)VC(C). In the case of a syllable cluster in the coda, the first phone must be a fricative and the second a (non-aspirated) plosive. Aspirated plosives may only occupy the onset of a syllable. Geminates may only occur in intervocalic contexts.
The second syllable structure is C(C), where the consonantal nucleus is a syllabic fricative or nasal. In practice, only a small set of the fricatives /β p/ and one nasal /m/ are found in this context, always in monosyllabic words, like vt /βt̪/ "again" or mm /mː/ "yes."
Writing System[]
Latinized Orthography[]
| Letter | m | mm | n | nn | ng | nng | p | b | bb | t | d | dd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | /m/ | /mː/ | /n̪/ | /n̪ː/ | /ŋ/ | /ŋː/ | /pʰ/ | /p/ | /pː/ | /t̪ʰ/ | /t̪/ | /t̪ː/ |
| Letter | k | g | gg | f | ff | v | vv | th | tth | dh | ddh | s |
| Sound | /kʰ/ | /k/ | /kː/ | /ɸ/ | /ɸː/ | /β/ | /βː/ | /θ/ | /θː/ | /ð/ | /ðː/ | /s̺/ |
| Letter | ss | z | zz | sh | ssh | x | xx | gh | ggh | j | jj | r |
| Sound | /s̺ː/ | /z̺/ | /z̺ː/ | /ʃ/ | /ʃː/ | /x/ | /xː/ | /ɣ/ | /ɣː/ | /j/ | /jː/ | /ɹ̺/ |
| Letter | rr | l | ll | lh | llh | i | ii | y | yy | e | ee | a |
| Sound | /ɹ̺ː/ | /l/ | /lː/ | /l̥/ | /l̥ː/ | /ɪ/ | /iː/ | /y/ | /yː/ | /ɛ/ | /eː/ | /a/ |
| Letter | aa | o | oo | u | uu | |||||||
| Sound | /aː/ | /ɔ/ | /oː/ | /u/ | /uː/ |