Conlang
Register
No edit summary
Tag: Visual edit
Tag: Visual edit
Line 397: Line 397:
 
|Question
 
|Question
 
|phaɯ
 
|phaɯ
|Add in the end of the question when no interrogative word is used.
+
|Add in the end of a direct question when no interrogative word is used.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Command
 
|Command

Revision as of 13:07, 25 May 2020

The author requests that you do not make significant changes to this project without first seeking approval.
By all means, please either help fix spelling, grammar and organization problems or contact the author about them. Thank you.
Progress 17%


Avb'el is a conlang that is currently under construction.

Avb'el
Aɣ̀bxelɨi
Type
Synthetic
Alignment
Head direction
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
No
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect



History

I came up with the idea of creation of a new language without any particular reason... But, it doesn't make me stop creating it. Because I know English and Ukrainian and am learning Chinese, some words might be partly based on these languages. But, mostly, I want it to be unique one. Also, I'm trying to keep it simple and don't add a lot of declensions. I am using modified Latin alphabet for it.

Phonetics

Alphabet with IPA

Letter Sound Example
a /ɑ~ɐ/ sora
b /b/ abde
d /d/ de
ɣ /u/ kɣ
ɣ̀ /v/ ɣ̀olesê
e /ɛ/ bêdre
ê /ʲe~e/ obêsa
ʓ /ʒ/ namʓɣnh
z /z/ zeno
g /g/ g
h /h/ hor
y /j~ʝ/ Yeɣ̀rop
i /i/ | /y/ loyi | i
ɨ /ɪ/ kɨroɯ
p /p/ tapkite
k /k/ dok
x /ʔ/ Aɣ̀bxelɨi
l /l/ lop
m /m/ metna
n /n/ normi
o /ɔ/ tro
r /r/ mabra
s /s/ spoɣ̀ê
t /t/ tomora
/t͡s/ erod
ɯ /ʃ/ ɯab
ɇ no sound eɣ̀olɣ̄tiɇ
lh /lʲ/ lh
ph /f/ ph
tg /g/ tgeʓɣnh

Alphabet

Adding macron to a vowel will make it a double vowel (i.e. a -> ā or ɣ-> ɣ̄)

Some sounds are expressed through two letters (lh and ph).

In "tg", the "t" is not read, leaving only a "g".

IPA charts

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ
Close-mid (e) ʲe
Mid
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Near-open (ɐ)
Open ɑ

Pulmonic consonants

Bilabial

Labiodental

Alveolar

Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal

Nasal

m n

Stop

p b t d k g ʔ

Sibilant affricative

t͡s
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ
Non-sibilant fricative f v (ʝ) h
Approximant j
Trill r
Lateral approximant l

Tenses

Avb'el has 4 tenses: present, past, future, and absolute.

Present tense

Present tense shows an action that is going on in the present. To write in present form, do not add any extra particles.

Example: Tomora tapkite lop ekepase soll bora mobb bora. (They walk and listen to each other.)

Absolute tense

Absolute present tense shows an action that is going on at the moment. To write in absolute form, add ngɣ particle before the first verb.

Example: Tomora ngɣ tapkite lop ekepase soll bora mobb bora. (They are walking and listening to each other.)

Past tense

Past tense shows an action that was going on before. To write in past form, add hor particle before the first verb.

Example: Tomora hor tapkite lop ekepase soll bora mobb bora. (They walked and listened to each other.)

Future tense

Future tense shows an action that will be done. To write in future form, add hal particle before the first verb.

Example: Tomora hal tapkite lop ekepase soll bora mobb bora. (They will walk and listen to each other.)

Mixing tenses

To mix tenses, add the corresponding particle before the verbs.

Example: Tomora hal tapkite lop hor ekepase soll bora mobb bora. (They will walk and listened to each other.)

Another example: Tomora hor tapkite lop ngɣ ekepase soll bora mobb bora. (They walked and are listening to each other.)

To mix with present tense, add met̆ particle.

Example: Tomora hor tapkite lop met̆ ekepase soll bora mobb bora. (They walked and listen to each other).

Lexicon

See Avb'el/Lexicon

*It is not done yet and will be improved in future.

Transforming words

In Avb'el, adjectives and adverbs are formed by adding special suffixes to a noun. Thus, they can be easily identified from other words by the suffixes.

Making adjectives

To form an adjective, add -i suffix to a noun.

Example: Dok (doctor, n.) + i = Doki (doctor, adj.)

If some words that are borrowed from other languages (names, places, other borrowed words) end on 'i' already, then an 'ɇ' is added to the end. When transforming these words, the ɇ is removed and the i is doubled.

Example: Bɣlhiɇ (bully, n.) + i = Bɣlhī (bully, adj.)

Making adverbs

To form an adverb, add -pɨa suffix to a noun.

Example: Et̆rod (exception, n.) + pɨa = Et̆rodpɨa (exceptionally, adv.)

If the word already ends on a 'p', then add only -ɨa.

Example: Rɣp (speed, n.) + ɨa = Rɣpɨa (speedily, adv.)

Unique suffixes

Although all nouns or all verbs don't have a common suffix like adjectives and adverbs do, they sometimes have suffixes that can help identifying the part of speech.

If a word ends on -ɣnh, it can only be a verb.

If a word ends on -zo or -so, it can only be a noun.

Again, only a part of the verbs or nouns have these suffixes. Most of them do not have any.

Group suffix

To show a group of things, add -or suffix.

Example: Namʓ (food, n.) + or = Namʓor (group of foods, n.)

The difference between grouped and ungrouped namʓ is that the usual one is not saying exactly if there is only one food or a group of it, while the grouped version specifies that it is a group.

Plurality

To change a singular noun to a plural noun, add -s suffix.

Example: Ersa (human, n., sing.) + s = Ersas (humans, n., pl.)

If the word ends on following (ʓ, z, ɯ, sɇ, ʓɇ, zɇ, ɯɇ), suffix -ês is used instead.

Example: Lenʓ (lens, n., sing.) + ês = Lenʓês (lenses, n., pl.)

Particles

The particles help arranging the words and identifying the types of sentences and tenses.

Type of particle

ABX

ENG explanation

Possessive (left-right) Equivalent of English " 's ", shows possession from left to right.
Possessive (right-left) de Equivalent of English "of", shows possession from right to left.
Past tense hor Add before first verb to convert to past tense.
Future tense hal Add before first verb to convert to future tense.
Absolute tense ngɣ Add before first verb to convert to absolute tense.
Present tense (mixing) met̆ Add before a verb to convert to present tense when the first verb is in other tense.
Question phaɯ Add in the end of a direct question when no interrogative word is used.
Command zarʓ Add in the end of the sentence to show command.
Reflexive mobb Add after a pronoun or noun to convert to reflexive form (i.e. reflexive of 'you' is 'yourself').

Gender

There are four genders in Avb'el: masculine, feminine, neuter, and indeterminate.

Masculine gender

Masculine gender is used in male animals (including humans).

So, words like husband, man, tom cat, and father automatically become masculine.

Feminine gender

Feminine gender is used in female animals (including humans).

So, words like wife, woman, she-cat, and mother automatically become feminine.

Neuter gender

Neuter gender is used in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and non-living objects.

So, words like mushroom, tree, bacteria, stone, and air automatically become neuter.

Indeterminate gender

Indeterminate gender is used when you do not specify if an animal (including humans) is a male or a female.

It is also automatically set to words that can be either female or male. Those words include spouse, human, cat, parent, and student.

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

Type

ABX ENG
1st person singular Yiera I
1st person plural Yiɣtra We
2nd person singular Yoɣra You, thou
2nd person plural Toɣra You
3rd person singular masc. Hora He
3rd person singular fem. Dora She
3rd person singular neut. Sora It
3rd person singular indet. Bora One (he/she/it)
3rd person plural Tomora They

Interrogatives

Type ABX ENG ENG example
Thing Ʒos What What is this object?
Kind Ʒerd What What color is it?
Person Ʒlɣ Who Who are you?
Location Ʒmis Where Where is the building?
Possesion Ʒlɣkɣ Whose Whose table is it?
Signification/Goal Ʒmizo Whither (old) Whither are you going?
Source Ʒniso Whence (old) Whence did he come?
Time Ʒam When When will she start?
Reason Ʒda Why Why did it happen?
Manner Ʒeha How How are you doing it?
Choice Ʒoph Which Which one should I chose?
Choice

(before yes/no)

Ɯos Whether Whether you like this or that?
Amount Ʒerin How much/how many How much water is there?

TBC