Observation: This language will no more be developed.
Ayaryé (meaning "Language of the Light") is an agglutinative language created by Agammenon Anydoros. Some interesting features of Ayaryé include the presence of five nasalized vowels and its complex verbal conjugation and declension. Its phonology features 19 consonants and 13 vowels.
Contents
Phonology[edit | edit source]
Consonants[edit | edit source]
Pulmonic Consonants[edit | edit source]
There are 19 pulmonic consonants.
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Trill | r | |||||||
Flap | ɾ | |||||||
Fricative | f v | ɵ | s z | ʃ ʒ | h | |||
Lateral approximant | l |
Vowels[edit | edit source]
There are 13 vowels, 8 oral and 5 nasal.
Front | Back | Center | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ĩ | u ũ | |
Close-mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
Center | ə | ||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a ã |
Semivowels[edit | edit source]
There is one semivowel.
Front | |
---|---|
Close | j |
Phonotactics[edit | edit source]
Restrictions and possible combinations of phomemes (consonants or vowels) in the Ayaryé language.
Consonantal Clusters[edit | edit source]
Only the following 12 clusters are permitted:
k | g | t | d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ɾ | kɾ | gɾ | tɾ | dɾ |
n | kn | tn | dn | |
s | ks | ts | ||
l | kl | gl | tl |
Diphthongs[edit | edit source]
There are 16 diphthongs.
j final | j initial | |
---|---|---|
a | aj | ja |
ã | jã | |
e | ej | je |
ẽ | jẽ | |
ɛ | ɛj | jɛ |
o | oj | jo |
õ | jõ | |
u | uj | ju |
ũ | jũ | |
ə | əj | jə |
Triphthongs[edit | edit source]
There are 30 triphthongs.
a | e | ɛ | o | u | ə | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aj | aja | aje | ajɛ | ajo | aju | ajə |
ej | eja | eje | ejɛ | ejo | eju | ejə |
oj | oja | oje | ojɛ | oju | ojo | ojə |
uj | uja | uje | ujɛ | ujo | uju | ujə |
əj | əja | əje | əjɛ | əjo | əju | əjə |
Stress[edit | edit source]
Stress is given accordingly to the following rules:
- In all words except verbs, the penultimate syllable is stressed.
- In verbs, always the last syllable - that of the suffix(es) - is stressed.
- Exceptions to these rules are noted by accents given to the vowels, indicating which syllable to be stressed.
Orthography[edit | edit source]
Alphabet[edit | edit source]
The alphabet is composed of 33 letters, in upper and lower case.
Majuscules[edit | edit source]
A Á Ä B C D E É È F G H I Í J K L M N O Ó Ò P R S T U Ú V Z Y Ý Ÿ
Minuscules[edit | edit source]
a á ä b c d e é è f g h i í j k l m n o ó ò p r s t u ú v z y ý ÿ
Consonants[edit | edit source]
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||
Nasal | m | n (nn) | ||||||
Trill | rh | |||||||
Flap | r | |||||||
Fricative | f (ff) v | th | s (ss) z | sh (sch) j | h | |||
Lateral approximant | l (ll) |
The phoneme /s/ has two alternate transliterations:
- Between vowels, it becames "ss"
- Before vowels e, é, i, y or ý (including diphthongs and triphthongs that start with those letters), /s/ can be optionally transliterated as "c".
Also the phonemes /n/, /f/, /sh/ and /l/ have alternate transliterations, that belong to the Classical period of the language. After some time, the ortography of the language suffered a reformation and those classical forms transformed in the shortened forms (n, f, sh and l).
Consonant Clusters[edit | edit source]
k | g | t | d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ɾ | kr | gr | tr | dr |
n | kn | tn | dn | |
s | ks | ts | ||
l | kl | gl | tl |
Vowels[edit | edit source]
Vowels between parenthesis ( ) indicate a stressed syllable.
Combinations of vowel + n are transliterations of the 5 nasal vowels, only if that combination is not followed by another vowel.
For example: tayan (to study) is transcribed phonetically as ['tajã].
Front | Back | Center | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i (í) in | u (ú) un | |
Close-mid | e (è) en | o (ò) on | |
Center | ä | ||
Open-mid | é | ó | |
Open | a (á) an |
Semivowels[edit | edit source]
Vowels between parenthesis ( ) indicate a stressed syllable.
Front | |
---|---|
Close | y (ý) |
Diphthongs[edit | edit source]
i final | i initial | |
---|---|---|
a | ay | ya |
an | yan | |
e | ey | ye |
en | yen | |
ɛ | éy | yé |
in | i'i | i'in |
o | oy | yo |
on | yon | |
u | uy | yu |
un | yun | |
ä | äy | yä |
Triphthongs[edit | edit source]
Triphthongs have always stress in the first vowel, unless accented otherwise.
a | e | é | o | u | ä | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ay | aya | aye | ayé | ayo | ayu | ayä |
ay | eya | eye | eyé | eyo | eyu | eyä |
éy | éya | éye | éyé | éyo | éyu | éyä |
oy | oya | oye | oyé | oyu | oyo | oyä |
uy | uya | uye | uyé | uyo | uyu | uyä |
äy | äya | äye | äyé | äyo | äyu | äyä |
Grammar[edit | edit source]
There are no articles or prepositions, since the case morphology will satisfy the needs of those.
Morphology[edit | edit source]
Lexical Morphology[edit | edit source]
Word formation is primarily executed using infixes.
Nouns[edit | edit source]
Nouns are the base for declension, which is made through sufixes only.
Nominal Declension[edit | edit source]
See main article: Ayaryé nominal declension
Nouns suffer declension for more than 10 cases and are inflected for number (singular, dual, plural) and gender (masculine, feminine and neuter).
Verbal Declension[edit | edit source]
See main article: Ayaryé verbal conjugation
Ayaryé features 7 inflections that vary accordingly to number, gender and person.
The verbal conjugation has two innovative categories, which are the emotional and physical state before, during or after the action. For example, the sentence
would be in Ayaryé something composed by only four words:
Which, with its inflections, is more or less the following:
Also, compound verbs are formed by two or more verbs joined. Usually the first verb is inflected and the following not inflected.
For example, the sentence
Would be something like
Which, with its respective verbal inflections and nominal declensions, is:
We notice by that structure that Ayaryé is a pronoun dropping language.
That means that the English sentence "It rained yesterday" in Ayaryé would be a sentence composed by just an inflected verb (rain-HESTERNAL PAST-PERF.[3rdPERSON/SING/NEUTER]).