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Grammatical Cases[]
Morphosyntactic Cases[]
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | yun / nyu | yen / nyé | |
| Accusative | is / si | yas / sya | yés / syé |
| Dative | it / ti | yut / tyu | yét / tyé |
- Nominative
Indicates the subject of a sentence. Example: ayásh (The fire [as a subject]).
- Accusative
Indicates the direct object of a sentence. Example: ayáshis (The fire [as a direct object]).
- Dative
Indicates the indirect object of a sentence. Example: ayáshit (The fire [as a indirect object]).
Location and Movement Cases[]
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Locative | ip / pi | yap / pya | yép / pyé |
| Ablative | ib / bi | yup / byu | yéb / byé |
| Allative | ik / ki | yuk / kyu | yék / kyé |
- Locative
Indicates location on/at/in the term. Example: I'm at the house.
- Ablative
Indicates movement away from the term. Example: I'm going away from the house.
- Allative
Indicates movement to the term. Example: I'm going to the house.
Adjectival[]
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adjectival | il / li | yal / lya | yél / lyé |
| Adj. of Inferiority | iléssu / lyéssu | ilóssu / lyóssu | ilíssu / ilyýssu |
| Adj. of Equality | iléssi / lyéssi | ilóssi / lyóssi | ilíssi / lyýssi |
| Adj. of Superiority | iléssa / lyéssa | ilóssa / lyóssa | ilíssa / lyýssa |
- Adjectival
Indicates relationship to the term; it is used to form adjectives. Example: I see the beautiful house.
- Adjectival Comparative of Inferiority
Indicates relationship to the term; it is used to form comparative adjectives. Example: The house is less beautiful than the other.
- Adjectival Comparative of Equality
Indicates relationship to the term; it is used to form comparative adjectives. Example: The house is as beautiful as the other.
- Adjectival Comparative of Superiority
Indicates relationship to the term; it is used to form comparative adjectives. Example: The house is 'more beautiful than the other.
Other[]
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Causal | ish / shi | yash / shya | yésh / shyé |
| Comitative | iz / zi | yuz / zyu | yéz / zyé |
| Adverbial | irh / rhi | yurh / rhyu | yérh / rhyé |
| Possessive | |
|---|---|
| Possessive 1st Person Sing. (My) | ir / ri |
| Possessive 1st Person Dual (Our [2]) | erér / rér |
| Possessive 1st Person Plural (Our) | yér / ryé |
| Possessive 2nd Person Sing. (Your) | ar / ra |
| Possessive 2nd Person Dual (Your [2]) | arar / rar |
| Possessive 2nd Person Plural (Your) | yar / rya |
| Possessive 3rd Person Sing. | ur / ru |
| Possessive 3rd Person Dual | ór / ró |
| Possessive 3rd Person Plural | ér / ré |
The possessive sufixes can be combined to another case sufixes.
For example:
ayash n. "fire" (not inflected)
ayashir "My [singular] fire [singular] (as a subject)"
ayashyéssér "Their [plural] fires [plural] (as a direct object)"
ayashyutyér "Our [plural] fires [dual] (as an indirect object)"
- Causal
Indicates response or cause to the term. Example: I'm going away from the house because it is old.
- Comitative
Indicates company with the term. Example: I'm going away from the house with my fiancée.
- Adverbial
Indicates relationship to the term; it is used to form adverbs' Example: The house is ridiculously ugly.
- Possessive
Indicates a possession. Example: This is my house.