By all means, please contribute to the language's culture and/or history.
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Herds Man's Tongue, Urdcax, Old Tongue Ayeyarok'þ | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Agglutinative-Polysynthetic | |||
Alignment | |||
Fluid-S | |||
Head direction | |||
Initial | |||
Tonal | |||
Yes | |||
Declensions | |||
Yes | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
This page is redundant, I will be recreating this page using the new layout.
General information[]
abs marker | ergative | v | mood | tense/aspect | erb | instrumental | locative | allative | illative |
Phonology[]
Consonants []
Bilabial | dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Velo-pharyngeal | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | [m] m̥ | [n] n [nh] n̥ | ɳ̊ʰˠ [ng/ny] | |||||||
Implosive nasal | [m'] mʼ | [n'] nʼ | ||||||||
Plosive | b bʷ | t d tʷ dʷ |
ʈ ɖ ʈʷ ɖʷ |
c ɟ cʷ ɟʷ |
kˡ gˡ kʷ gʷ |
q ɢ qʷ ɢʷ |
ʡ ʡʷ | ʔ ʔʷ | ||
Implosive or ejective |
ɓ [b'] ɓʷ [bw'] ɓ̥ [p] |
tʼ ɗ tʼʷ ɗʷ |
ʈʼ ᶑ ʈʼʷ ᶑʷ |
cʼ ʄ cʼʷ ʄʷ |
kʼ ɠ kʼʷ ɠʷ |
qʼ ʛ qʼʷ ʛʷ |
||||
Fricative | ɸ [f] βˡ [v] ɸʷ [fw] βʷ [vw] |
θ ð θʷ ðʷ s̪ z̪ s̪ʷ z̪ʷ |
ʂ ʐ ʂʷ ʐʷ |
ç ʝ çʷ ʝʷ |
[kh] x [gh] ɣ [khw] xʷ [ghw] ɣʷ |
ʩ | [qh] χ [qhw] χʷ |
ħ ʕ ħʷ ʕʷ |
ʜ ʢ ʜʷ ʢʷ |
|
Impl. or eject. fric. | βʼ [v'] βʼʷ [vw'] |
θʼ ðʼ θʼʷ ðʼʷ s̪ʼ z̪ʼ s̪ʼʷ z̪ʼʷ |
ʂʼ ʐʼ ʂʼʷ ʐʼʷ |
çʼ ʝʼ çʼʷ ʝʼʷ |
ɣʼ ɣʼʷ |
χʼ ʁʼ χʼʷ ʁʼʷ |
||||
Affricate | ts dz tsʷ dzʷ |
ʈʂ ɖʐ ʈʂʷ ɖʐʷ |
||||||||
Impl. or eject. affr. | pɸʼ [pf] pɸʼʷ [pfw] | tsʼ dzʼ tsʼʷ [tsw'] dzʼʷ [dzw'] |
ʈʂʼ ɖʐʼ ʈʂʼʷ ɖʐʼʷ |
kxʼ kxʼʷ | qχʼ qχʼʷ | |||||
Approximant | j̊ ɥ | ɰ ʍ | ||||||||
Lateral trill | ʙˡ [br] | ↓ɽ͡r̥ˡ | ᴙ | |||||||
Lateral flap | ɽˡ | |||||||||
Lateral fric. | ɬ' [ɫ'] ɮ [ɫ]
ɬʷ [ɫhw] ɮʷ [ɫw] |
[ʎ̝̊]1 | ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ ʟ̝̊ʷ ʟ̝ʷ |
|||||||
Eject. lat. affr. | tɬʼ [tl] tɬʼʷ [tlw] | kʟ̝̊ʼ kʟ̝̊ʼʷ | ||||||||
Lateral app. | ||||||||||
Clicks | ǀ [1] ǁ [x] ! [!] | ‼ | ǂ | |||||||
Eject.-contour clicks | ǁqʼ [x'] !qʼ [!' ǁkxʼ [kx'] gǁkxʼ [gx'] |
Ejective fricatives cannot appear in the syllable onset. They are almost always in the middle or rarely at the end of words, with an exception of /s' sw' çʼ çʼʷ θʼ θʼʷ/. 1] /j̊/, written y, is pronounced [ʎ̝̊] at the beginning of words.
Vowels[]
There are 48 vowels in Urdcax.
Central | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | ɨ ɨ̃ ɨ˞ ɨ̰ ʉ ʉ̃ ʉ˞ ʉ̰ |
ɯ ɯ̃ ɯ˞ ɯ̰ u ũ u˞ ṵ |
Close-mid | ɘ ɘ̃ ɘ˞ ɘ̰ ɵ ɵ̃ ɵ˞ ɵ̰ |
|
Mid | ə ə̃ ɚ ə̰ | |
Open-mid | ʌ ʌ̃ ʌ˞ ʌ̰ ɔ ɔ̃ ɔ˞ ɔ̰ | |
Open | ä ä̃ ä˞ ä̰ | ɑ ɑ̃ ɑ˞ ɑ̰ ɒ ɒ̃ ɒ˞ ɒ̰ |
Note: vowels in between voiceless consonants become voiceless themselves.
Tones[]
high tone noun adjective |
midtone noun verb |
lowtone noun noun |
bottomtone noun adjective patient |
fallingtone purpose adjective |
low falling tone purpose verb |
low rising tone purpose adjactive patient |
dipping tone purpose noun |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ñö1ç | ñö2ç | ñö3ç | ñö4ç | ñö5ç | ñö6ç | ñö7ç | ñö8ç |
nosey |
nosing | nose | nosed | smelly | smelling | smelled | smell |
The Urdcax writing system is a mixture of logographic and featural, It uses logographic for the lexical morphemes whilst grammitcal morphemes are written in the featural alphabet. I do not have a standard romanization for urdcax mainly because of the large amount of sounds not found in many languages.
Phonotactics[]
The herder tongue s principally a polysyllabic language with very laxed consonant cluster rules, however many lexical words and grammitcal words indiviusal are monosyllabic however must comprise of entirely consonants or vowels for example kǩlhwʔ /kxʼʟ̝̊ʷ/. Also the phrase he had in his poessesion a bunchberry plant. it is in fact, [Tlkxx'v̆üǩhhil o̓o̓o̓þǩäşþqtaeč̓]
Alphabet[]
Featural consonants[]
verbal morphology[]
Cheese because its my page and I can write this
direction markers (verbal affixes not locative nouns.) suffixes |
---|
ņm out of x |
m̨n in x |
ñņ upon (touching) x |
nn towards x |
m'a over (not touching) x |
řw' across |
sh under |
kl beside |
jhǀ away |
ŗŗï north |
ŗï north north east |
ŗi north east east |
iŗ east |
ïȑȑ south east |
ïȑ south south east |
ïr south |
klï south south west |
klïr south west west |
rïkl west |
şïrw north west west |
ⱬarw north north west |
upwards õq̓ |
downwards |
turns |
turn left |
turn right |
tsaad | verb type | example |
---|---|---|
dzaad (voice or unvoice initial consonant) |
wish | vwäⱬdzaad I wish to stand |
dz'aad (voice and glottalise initial consonant labialise if implosive is not found) |
possibility |
vwäⱬdz'aad I may stand |
tsaad (unvoice initial consonant |
real |
vwäⱬtsaad I am standing |
ts'aad (glottalised voiceless initial consonat, labialise if ejective correspoding consonant cannot be) |
deed/command |
vwäⱬts'aad I shalt stand |
saad | interrogative | can you sit |
Tense infix | gnomic | habitual | repative | completed | inceptive | aorist | failed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ñ (unknowen future) | ñsh' | ñw | ñk | ñq | ñ | ñn' | ñt |
hev (known future) | häv | hav | hov | huv | hev | hüv | hiv |
hel (present) | häl | hal | hol | hül | hel | hil | hál |
heh (near present) | häh | hah | hoh | hüh | heh | hih | háh |
hul (parallel) | hälh | halh | holh | hülh | hulh | hilh | hálh |
hèè (known past) | haä | haa | hii | hoo | hèè | ha̧a̧ | hėė |
höö (unknown past) | hȩȩ | hää | hüü | hãã | hơơ | hįį | hą̈ą̈ |
nominal[]
noun/honour classes |
superior osv |
unsure superior vso |
formal euqual sov |
informal equal vos |
inferior formal ovs |
inferior informal svo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
God, spirits, weather, nature | -br [ümberq't'anbr] |
-r [uar] |
none | none | none | none |
male humans and higher male animals |
-b [kx'lwʔok'b] |
-ḍ [tlmaoḍ] |
-j [sk'ʡaallrrtsk'orj |
-d | g | Ø |
female humans and higher female animals | -b' [kx'lwʔaphb'] | -ḍ' [amtloḍ] | -j' [ | -d' | g' | Ø |
small animals and insects | none | none | -ȷ | -ð | ǧ | Ø |
plants and others | none | none | -ȷ' | -ð' | ǧ' | Ø |
first person | second person | third person |
---|---|---|
agentive singular 1st person | agentive singular second person | agentive singular third person tǩ |
bw [1s God,spirits] vw [1s male/female] bw' [small animals and insects] m' [nature and others except trees] |
è [2s God and spirits] èa [2s male/female] èu [small and insects] èo [nature and others] |
tǩ [3s God and spirits] dǩ [3s male/female] þǩ [3s small animals and insects] ṭ'ǩ [3s nature and others] |
objective singular 1st person | objective singular second person | objectve singular |
pw' [1s God, spirits] fw [1s male/female] pfw' [small animals and insects] m̨ [nature and others except trees] |
é [2s God,spirits] éa [2s male/female] éu [small and insects] éo [nature and others |
dǧ [3s God and spirits] tǧ [3s male/female] ðǧ [3s small and insects] ḍǧ [3s nature and others] |
agentive plural exclusive 1st person gw | agentive plural second person | agentive plural third person |
řw' [1px God and spirits] gw [1px male/female] gw' [small animals and insects] řw' [1px nature and others] |
ⱬ [2p God and spirits] ⱬa [2p male/female] ⱬu [2p small animals and insects] ⱬo [2p nature and others] |
sl [3p God and spirits] sla [3p male/female] slu [3p small animals and insects] slo [nature and others] |
objective plural exclusive 1st person q̓w [1px God and spirits] qw [1px male/female] qx' [1px nature and others] ř' [1px small animals and insects] |
objective plural second person ş [2p God and spirits] şa [2p male/female] şu [2p nature and others] şo [2p small animals |
objecitve plural third person zl [3p God and spirits] zla [3p male/female] zlu [3p small animals and insects] zlo [nature and others] |
agentive plural inclusive 1st person
'w [1pi male/female] \w [1pi nature and others]
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objective plural inclusive 1st person hw [1pi God and spirits] ḧw [1pi male/female] ǩw [1pi nature and others] qhw [1pi small animals and insects] |
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1s agent |
1s stative |
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snytax[]
Noun morphology[]
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numbers and technical terms[]
Ayeyarokth has a unique base 16 counting system, it thus has unique technical terms, words for things such planes, computers and cars are all compounds derived from Ayeyarokth morphemes rather than English words. A plane has different names depending on if its, landing, taking off or in midair. The language contains a calendar in which the most important time is the metonic cycle of nineteen years. The language uses both Babylonian seconds, minutes and hours it also has its own base 16 seconds, minutes and hours. The language uses 12 months per year, each month has three to four weeks there are 52 weeks in a year. Ayeyarokth uses case marking for numbers, a mathematical sentaces must always work exactly like a normal sentence. For example, two plus two equals four is of the osv pattern due to four by being a higher number to two. oqüǩbrodäɀnçzodozg; literally it is [four absloutive superior two ergative create two plus instrumental] so it could be written as 4 2 = 2+ but that is confusing and weird so it is normally just written as 2+2=4 but that is still confusing for it is not two plus two its four is created by 2 using additional 2.
1 ot |
2 od |
3 og | 4 oq | 5 ots | 6 otl | 7 olh | 8 or | 9 ov | 10 o' | 11 opf | 12 ob | 13 ow |
14 o/ |
15 okl |
16 or̓ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17 tot |
18 tod |
19 tog |
20 toq | 21 tots | 22 totl | 23 tolh | 24 tor | 25 tov | 26 to' | 27 topf | 28 tob | 29 tow | 30 to/ | 31 tokl | 32 tor̓ |
33 dot | 34 dod | 35 dog | 36 doq | 37 dots | 38 dotl | 39 dolh | 40 dor | 41 dov | 42 do' | 43 dopf | 44 dob | 45 dow | 46 do/ | 47 dokl | 48 dor̓ |
49 got | 50 god | 51 gog | 52 goq | 53 gots | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 |
65 qot | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 |
81tsot | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 |
97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 |
113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 135 | 126 | 127 | 128 |
129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 |
145 | 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | 160 |
161 | 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | 174 | 175 | 176 |
177 | 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | 192 |
193 | 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | 200 | 201 | 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | 206 | 207 | 208 |
209 | 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | 222 | 223 | 224 |
225 | 226 | 227 | 228 | 229 | 230 | 231 | 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 |
241 | 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 |
Here is good list of technological terms
plane |
Tlřw'halhusueşveȷ
|
Tlõq̓halhusueşveȷ | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
computor | ||||||||||
calculator | ||||||||||
car | ||||||||||
train |
volcabulary[]
№ | English | Ayeyarokth |
---|---|---|
1 | I | |
2 | thou
(singular) |
|
3 | he | |
4 | we | |
5 | you
(plural) |
|
6 | they | |
7 | this | |
8 | that | |
9 | here | |
10 | there | |
11 | who | |
12 | what | |
13 | where | |
14 | when | |
15 | how | |
16 | not | |
17 | all | |
18 | many | |
19 | some | |
20 | few | |
21 | other | |
22 | one | |
23 | two | |
24 | three | |
25 | four | |
26 | five | |
27 | big | |
28 | long | |
29 | wide | |
30 | thick | |
31 | heavy | |
32 | small | |
33 | short | |
34 | narrow | |
35 | thin | |
36 | woman | ap |
37 | man
(adult male) |
ok' |
38 | man
(human being) |
Addam |
39 | child
(a youth) |
|
40 | wife | |
41 | husband | |
42 | mother | |
43 | father | |
44 | animal | |
45 | fish | |
46 | bird | |
47 | dog | |
48 | louse | |
49 | snake | |
50 | worm | |
51 | tree | |
52 | forest | |
53 | stick
(of wood) |
|
54 | fruit | |
55 | seed | |
56 | leaf | |
57 | root | |
58 | bark
(of tree) |
|
59 | flower | |
60 | grass | |
61 | rope | |
62 | skin
(of a person) |
|
63 | meat
(as in flesh) |
|
64 | blood | |
65 | bone | |
66 | fat
(noun) |
|
67 | egg | |
68 | horn | |
69 | tail | |
70 | feather
(rather not down) |
|
71 | hair | |
72 | head | |
73 | ear | |
74 | eye | |
75 | nose | |
76 | mouth | |
77 | tooth
(rather not molar) |
|
78 | tongue | |
79 | fingernail | |
80 | foot | |
81 | leg | |
82 | knee | |
83 | hand | |
84 | wing | |
85 | belly | |
86 | guts | |
87 | neck | |
88 | back | |
89 | breast | |
90 | heart | |
91 | liver | |
92 | to drink | |
93 | to eat | |
94 | to bite | |
95 | to suck | |
96 | to spit | |
97 | to vomit | |
98 | to blow
(as wind) |
|
99 | to breathe | |
100 | to laugh | |
101 | to see | |
102 | to hear | |
103 | to know
(a fact) |
|
104 | to think | |
105 | to smell
(sense odor) |
|
106 | to fear | |
107 | to sleep | |
108 | to live | |
109 | to die | |
110 | to kill | |
111 | to fight | |
112 | to hunt
(transitive) |
|
113 | to hit | |
114 | to cut | |
115 | to split | |
116 | to stab
(or stick) |
|
117 | to scratch
(an itch) |
|
118 | to dig | |
119 | to swim | |
120 | to fly | |
121 | to walk | |
122 | to come | |
123 | to lie
(as on one's side) |
|
124 | to sit | |
125 | to stand | |
126 | to turn
(change direction) |
|
127 | to fall
(as in drop) |
|
128 | to give | |
129 | to hold
(in one's hand) |
|
130 | to squeeze | |
131 | to rub | |
132 | to wash | |
133 | to wipe | |
134 | to pull | |
135 | to push | |
136 | to throw | |
137 | to tie | |
138 | to sew | |
139 | to count | |
140 | to say | |
141 | to sing | |
142 | to play | |
143 | to float | |
144 | to flow | |
145 | to freeze | |
146 | to swell | |
147 | sun | |
148 | moon | |
149 | star | |
150 | water | |
151 | to rain | |
152 | river | |
153 | lake | |
154 | sea
(as in ocean) |
|
155 | salt | |
156 | stone | |
157 | sand | |
158 | dust | |
159 | earth
(as in soil) |
|
160 | cloud | |
161 | fog | |
162 | sky | |
163 | wind
(as in breeze) |
|
164 | snow | |
165 | ice | |
166 | smoke | |
167 | fire | |
168 | ash | |
169 | to burn
(intransitive) |
|
170 | road | |
171 | mountain | |
172 | red | |
173 | green | |
174 | yellow | |
175 | white | |
176 | black | |
177 | night | |
178 | day
(daytime) |
|
179 | year | |
180 | warm
(as in weather) |
|
181 | cold
(as in weather) |
|
182 | full | |
183 | new | |
184 | old | |
185 | good | |
186 | bad | |
187 | rotten
(as a log) |
|
188 | dirty | |
189 | straight | |
190 | round | |
191 | sharp
(as a knife) |
|
192 | dull
(as a knife) |
|
193 | smooth | |
194 | wet | |
195 | dry
(adjective) |
|
196 | right
(correct) |
|
197 | near | |
198 | far | |
199 | right
(side) |
|
200 | left
(side) |
|
201 | at | |
202 | in | |
203 | with
(accompanying) |
|
204 | and | |
205 | if | |
206 | because | |
207 | name |