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| Bédarqát Bédarqát | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Agglutinative | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Nominative-Accusative | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Initial | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information[]
Bédarqát is a language native to Bédarkóm. It's also spoken by immigrants in other countries, especially in Aratkom.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ɳ [nn] | ɲ [ñ] | ŋ [ŋ] | ||||||
| Plosive | p b [p b] | t d [t d] | ʈ ɖ [tt dd] | c ɟ [c jj] | k g [k g] | q [q] | ʔ ['] | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ β [f v] | θ ð [þ ð] | s z [s z] | ʃ ʒ [š ž] | ʂ ʐ [ss zz] | ç ʝ [ç j] | x ɣ [x gg] | χ [xx] | ʜ [hh] | h [h] | |
| Affricate | ts dz [ts dz] | qχ [qx] | |||||||||
| Approximant | ʋ [ff] | w [w] | |||||||||
| Trill | ʙ [rr] | r [r] | |||||||||
| Lateral fric. | ɬ [ł] | ||||||||||
| Lateral app. | l [l] | ɭ [ll] |
Vowels[]
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
| Close | i y [i y] | i: y: [í ý] | u [u] | u: [ú] | ||
| Close-mid | e [e] | e: [é] | o [o] | o: [ó] | ||
| Mid | ə [î] | |||||
| Open-mid | ɛ ɶ [ë ö] | ɛ: ɶ: [ê ô] | ɔ [ò] | ɔ: [õ] | ||
| Near-open | æ [ä] | æ: [â] | ||||
| Open | a [a] | a: [á] | ɑ [à] | ɑ: [ã] | ||
Alphabet[]
Phonotactics[]
Grammar[]
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Nouns | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Verbs[]
Two different forms for the third person[]
Verbs have two different forms for the third person. Their use depends on the subject: if the subject is a class A noun, form A should be used. If the subject is a class B noun, form B should be used.
First conjugation[]
| Present | Past | Future | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st | -i | -eþ | -op |
| 2nd | -ar | -eþe | -ope | |
| 3rd A | -Ø | -eþa | -opa | |
| 3rd B | -o | -eþo | -opo | |
| Plural | 1st | -í | -éþ | -óp |
| 2nd | -ár | -éþe | -ópe | |
| 3rd A | -ý | -éþa | -ópa | |
| 3rd B | -ó | -éþo | -ópo | |
The infinitive ends on -ak or -ek.
Second conjugation[]
| Present | Past | Future | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st | -Ø | -þó | -bê |
| 2nd | -qxa | -qxaþ | -qxêb | |
| 3rd A | -a | -þa | -ba | |
| 3rd B | -o | -þo | -bo | |
| Plural | 1st | -i | -ði | -bí |
| 2nd | -rá | -þar | -bra | |
| 3rd A | -ý | -þý | -bý | |
| 3rd B | -ó | -þó | -bó | |
The infinitive ends on -ak or -tty.
Third conjugation[]
| Present | Past | Future | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st | -am | -ðam | -ggam |
| 2nd | -ra | -ðar | -gga | |
| 3rd A | -a | -þa | -gga | |
| 3rd B | -y | -þy | -ggy | |
| Plural | 1st | -ám | -áðam | -xxám |
| 2nd | -rá | -þar | -ggá | |
| 3rd A | -á | -þá | -ggá | |
| 3rd B | -ý | -þý | -ggý | |
The infinitive ends on -oqo or -ak.
Perfective tenses[]
Perfective tenses are formed with the prefix -er. The present perfect is rarely used, as it has exactly the same meaning as the past simple.
Irregular verbs[]
See here.
Nouns[]
Classes and genders[]
Nouns are divided into two classes, class A and class B. There are also two genders, masculine and feminine.
Class A[]
Ending on a consonant[]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | baxîk | báxîk |
| Genitive | baxo | báxo |
| Accusative | baxîki | báxîki |
| Locative | baxîko | báxîko |
| Instrumental | baxîké | báxîké |
Ending on a vowel[]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ŋoka | ŋokan |
| Genitive | ŋokî | ŋokanî |
| Accusative | ŋoka | ŋokann |
| Locative | ŋóka | ŋókan |
| Instrumental | ŋokas | ŋokass |
Class B[]
Ending on -î[]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ffeŋî | ffeŋîr |
| Genitive | ffeŋam | ffeŋom |
| Accusative | ffeŋîn | ffeŋîs |
| Locative | ffeŋó | ffeŋól |
| Instrumental | ffeŋe | ffeŋen |
Ending on another vowel[]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | irráta | írrátá |
| Genitive | irrátam | írrátám |
| Accusative | irráte | írráté |
| Locative | irrátolu | írrátólú |
| Instrumental | irrátä | írrátâ |
Ending on a consonant[]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | bêrus | bêrúsk |
| Genitive | bêruso | Bêrúsko |
| Accusative | bêrîn | bêrúsk |
| Locative | bêrusó | bêrúskó |
| Instrumental | bêrusa | bêrusá |
Note: when the word ends on a plosive, the nominative and accusative plural ends on -ek.
Adjectives[]
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class A | Class B | Class A | Class B | |
| Masculine | -Ø | -(c)u | -(u)jj | -(c)ujj |
| Feminine | -o * | -(c)o | -(o)jj | -(c)ojj |
*: Replaces eventual final vowel
Besides these suffixes, Bédarqát also has a comparative prefix k(ë)- and a superlative prefix łáq-. Furthermore the language also has these case suffixes:
| Genitive | -(ë)t |
| Accusative | -(')o |
| Locative | -šâr |
| Instrumental | -'îŋ |
Articles[]
Articles consist of three parts, which respectively indicate case, gender and number.
| Case | Gender | Number | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | (nothing) | Masculine | a | Singular | (nothing) |
| Genitive | t | Feminine | o | Plural | n |
| Accusative | m | ||||
| Locative | q | ||||
| Instrumental | p | ||||
Vocabulary[]
| No. | English | Bédarqát |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ggî |
| 2 | you (singular) | qî |
| 3 | he | lî |
| 4 | we | mî |
| 5 | you (plural) | rî |
| 6 | they | llî |
| 7 | this | — |
| 8 | that | — |
| 9 | here | — |
| 10 | there | — |
| 11 | who | — |
| 12 | what | — |
| 13 | where | — |
| 14 | when | — |
| 15 | how | — |
| 16 | not | — |
| 17 | all | — |
| 18 | many | — |
| 19 | some | — |
| 20 | few | — |
| 21 | other | — |
| 22 | one | xî |
| 23 | two | ukõ |
| 24 | three | mla |
| 25 | four | łešc |
| 26 | five | xãs |
| 27 | big | ddêner |
| 28 | long | rut |
| 29 | wide | ë'î |
| 30 | thick | jjits |
| 31 | heavy | òmpõl |
| 32 | small | ssar |
| 33 | short | axxok |
| 34 | narrow | tuc |
| 35 | thin | kasä |
| 36 | woman | jârrîk |
| 37 | man (adult male) | ŋá'a |
| 38 | man (human being) | — |
| 39 | child | nëddu |
| 40 | wife | çârrîk |
| 41 | husband | xá'a |
| 42 | mother | parò |
| 43 | father | molla |
| 44 | animal | krëçca |
| 45 | fish | dzúrçen |
| 46 | bird | — |
| 47 | dog | — |
| 48 | louse | — |
| 49 | snake | — |
| 50 | worm | — |
| 51 | tree | — |
| 52 | forest | — |
| 53 | stick | — |
| 54 | fruit | — |
| 55 | seed | — |
| 56 | leaf | — |
| 57 | root | — |
| 58 | bark | — |
| 59 | flower | — |
| 60 | grass | — |
| 61 | rope | — |
| 62 | skin | — |
| 63 | meat | — |
| 64 | blood | — |
| 65 | bone | — |
| 66 | fat | — |
| 67 | egg | — |
| 68 | horn | — |
| 69 | tail | — |
| 70 | feather | — |
| 71 | hair | — |
| 72 | head | — |
| 73 | ear | — |
| 74 | eye | — |
| 75 | nose | — |
| 76 | mouth | — |
| 77 | tooth | — |
| 78 | tongue | — |
| 79 | fingernail | — |
| 80 | foot | — |
| 81 | leg | — |
| 82 | knee | — |
| 83 | hand | — |
| 84 | wing | — |
| 85 | belly | — |
| 86 | guts | — |
| 87 | neck | — |
| 88 | back | — |
| 89 | breast | — |
| 90 | heart | — |
| 91 | liver | — |
| 92 | drink | — |
| 93 | eat | qarätak |
| 94 | bite | — |
| 95 | suck | — |
| 96 | spit | — |
| 97 | vomit | — |
| 98 | blow | — |
| 99 | breathe | — |
| 100 | laugh | — |
| 101 | see | — |
| 102 | hear | — |
| 103 | know | — |
| 104 | think | — |
| 105 | smell | — |
| 106 | fear | — |
| 107 | sleep | — |
| 108 | live | — |
| 109 | die | — |
| 110 | kill | — |
| 111 | fight | — |
| 112 | hunt | — |
| 113 | hit | — |
| 114 | cut | — |
| 115 | split | — |
| 116 | stab | — |
| 117 | scratch | — |
| 118 | dig | — |
| 119 | swim | — |
| 120 | fly | — |
| 121 | walk | — |
| 122 | come | — |
| 123 | lie | — |
| 124 | sit | — |
| 125 | stand | — |
| 126 | turn | — |
| 127 | fall | — |
| 128 | give | — |
| 129 | hold | — |
| 130 | squeeze | — |
| 131 | rub | — |
| 132 | wash | — |
| 133 | wipe | — |
| 134 | pull | — |
| 135 | push | — |
| 136 | throw | — |
| 137 | tie | — |
| 138 | sew | — |
| 139 | count | — |
| 140 | say | — |
| 141 | sing | — |
| 142 | play | — |
| 143 | float | — |
| 144 | flow | — |
| 145 | freeze | — |
| 146 | swell | — |
| 147 | sun | — |
| 148 | moon | — |
| 149 | star | — |
| 150 | water | — |
| 151 | rain | — |
| 152 | river | — |
| 153 | lake | — |
| 154 | sea | — |
| 155 | salt | — |
| 156 | stone | — |
| 157 | sand | — |
| 158 | dust | — |
| 159 | earth | — |
| 160 | cloud | — |
| 161 | fog | — |
| 162 | sky | — |
| 163 | wind | — |
| 164 | snow | — |
| 165 | ice | — |
| 166 | smoke | — |
| 167 | fire | — |
| 168 | ash | — |
| 169 | burn | — |
| 170 | road | — |
| 171 | mountain | — |
| 172 | red | me'at |
| 173 | green | ñúnn |
| 174 | yellow | vrras |
| 175 | white | ezzoqxa |
| 176 | black | naggaš |
| 177 | night | — |
| 178 | day | — |
| 179 | year | — |
| 180 | warm | — |
| 181 | cold | — |
| 182 | full | — |
| 183 | new | — |
| 184 | old | — |
| 185 | good | — |
| 186 | bad | — |
| 187 | rotten | — |
| 188 | dirty | — |
| 189 | straight | — |
| 190 | round | — |
| 191 | sharp | — |
| 192 | dull | — |
| 193 | smooth | — |
| 194 | wet | — |
| 195 | dry | — |
| 196 | correct | — |
| 197 | near | — |
| 198 | far | — |
| 199 | right | — |
| 200 | left | — |
| 201 | at | — |
| 202 | in | — |
| 203 | with | — |
| 204 | and | — |
| 205 | if | — |
| 206 | because | — |
| 207 | name | — |