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Name: Bâgnam Type: Isolated Alignment: Head Direction: Number of genders: 3 Declensions: Yes Conjugations: No Nouns declined according to Case Number Definitiveness Gender Verbs conjugated according to Voice Mood Person Number Tense Aspect

Classification and Dialects

This language vocabulary is similar to Vietnamese but the grammar is different.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	b p		d t		c ɟ	g k
Fricative		f v					h
Affricate			s z	ʃ
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral app.			l

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Back
High	i y		u
High-mid	e	ɛ	o
Low		a	ɑ

Phonotactics

Dî and gî has the same sound. Dî is always when the word begins with. Gî is in or at the end of the word.

Writing System

Letter	Aa	Ââ	Bb	Dd	Ee	Ěě	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Îî	Qq
Sound	a	ɑ	b	d	ɛ	e	f	g	h	i	j	k
Letter	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Rr	Ss	Xx	Tt	Uu	Yy	Vv
Sound	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	ʃ	t	u	y	v
Letter	Zz	Dî	Gî	Ng	Nî	Tî
Sound	z	ɟ	ɟ	ŋ	ɲ	c

Grammar

Nouns

Plural forming: qulo (friend) ---> sa|qulo (friends)

Articles: nga (the) and lěn (a,an) --> nga|qulo (the friend) and lěn|qulo (a friend)

Verbs

Bagnamese don't know tenses. They use adverbs to describe the tense.

Adverbs of present: - měngnîo (never), měngmu (rarely), měngxang (sometimes), qengxang (usually), qengnîo (always) Note: měng means 'no', qeng means 'yes'.

- něî (now), ngegnaî (today), sâng (morning), trong nam (before-noon), nam (noon), song nam (afternoon), trong xon [eve(ning)], xon (night), trong sâng (dawn)

Adverbs of past: - dyng (was), trong naî (yesterday), trong sâng trong (last morning), trong nam trong (last before-noon), trong song nam (last afternoon), trong xon trong [last eve(ning)], xon trong (last night), trong tîeng (last week), trong tan ngaî (last month), trong nyî (last year)

Adverbs of future: - song dy (will be), baî (then), song ngaî (tomorrow), song maî ngaî (after tomorrow), song trong sâng (next morning), song trong nam (next before-noon), song nam song (next afternoon), song trong xon [next eve(ning)], song xon (next night), song tîeng (next week), song tang ngaî (next month), song nyî (next year).

Example:

Example sentences

S	Adtime	Verb	Adplace
Tîen	trong ngaî trong nam	dîong dan	ngalangqoh
I	yesterday before-noon	go to	the market
Tîen	ngengaî song nam	dîong dan	ngalangqoh
I	today afternoon	go to	the mall
Tîen	song ngaî trong nam	dîong dan	ngalangqoh
I	tomorrow before-noon	go to	the shop

Syntax

Subject-Adverb of time-Verb-Object

Rule: You have to use the adverbs of time in every sentence in Bagnamese!!