Barejine

Barejine Barzhinrizhe
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Accusative
Head direction
head-initial
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
Yes
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

General information

Barejine (native Barzhinrizhe /bɑɾʒɪ̃ɾíʒə/) is a spoken language of the alien Patronans (Parneve /pɑɾnéɸə/) on the planet Patrona (Parune /pɑɾʊ̃́nə/). It is the official language of the country of Barejinia (Barzhine /bɑɾʒɪ̃́nə/), and its many former colonies.

Classification

Barejine is a Chevin language (see Proto-Chevin), closely related to Alemarese. It is a direct descendant of True Chevin (Proto-Alemar-Barejine). As a Chevin language, it is also a member of the Edalith macrofamily (see Proto-Edalith).

Phonology

Consonants

	bilabial	alveolar	palatal	velar	uvular	glottal
nasal	m	n	ɲ
stop	p b	t d	tʃ dʒ	k g	(q)
fricative	ɸ (β)	s z	ʃ ʒ	x		h
approximant		l	ʎ
flap		ɾ

m, n, ny, p, b, t, d, tsh, dzh, k, g, q, f, v, s, z, sh, zh, j, h, l, ly, r

• [q] is an allophone of /k/ before back vowels.
• [β] is an allophone of /ɸ/ between vowels.

Vowels

Monophthongs

	front	back
close	i y	u
close-mid	e ø	o
open-mid	ɛ œ	(ʌ) ɔ
open	æ	ɑ

i, oi, u, e, eu, o, ê, êu, ô, â, a, in, oin, un, an, e, en

• There are only four non-marginal nasal monophthongs, not included in the table for brevity: /ɪ̃/, /ʏ̃/, /ʊ̃/, and /ɐ̃/.
• [ʌ] is an allophone of /ɔ/ before /l/, /ʎ/, or /ɾ/.
• There are two marginal phonemes: /ə/ & /ə̃/, which occur only in unstressed word-initial and word-final syllables. Most word-final instances are the result of weakening of low vowels.

Diphthongs

	front	back
close-mid	ye
open-mid	yɛ
open	yæ	uɑ

oe, oê, oâ, oa, oian, oan, -oie, -oe, -oien, -oen

• There are also two nasal diphthongs, not included in the table for brevity: /yɐ̃/, and /uɐ̃/.
• [yə], [uə], [yə̃], and [uə̃] are allophones of /yæ/, /uɑ/, /yɐ̃/, and /uɐ̃/ when unstressed word-finally.

Stress

Stress is usually on the last syllable, unless that syllable contains a reduced vowel, in which case the penultimate is stressed. Stress is not entirely predictable.

Sound Changes

1. Initial and final epenthesis of /ǝ/
2. First palatalization
   1. Palatalization of /k/ and /g/ before front vowels
   2. /k/ becomes /j/ before an obstruent
3. Intervocalic & word-final non-geminate obstruents and those preceding /l/ and /r/ lenite
4. [θ, ð] > [s, z] / V_, > [t, d] elsewhere
5. [t, d, h, x]u > [ts, dz, ɸ, ɸ] / _[V, #]
6. Second palatalization
   1. jn, nj, gn, ng > ɲ & ni word-finally
   2. jl, lj, gl, lg > ʎ & li word-finally
   3. jt, tj, ts > tʃ & jd, dj, dz > dʒ & ti/di word-finally
   4. js, sj, jx, xj, jh, hj > ʃ & jz, zj, ɣ > ʒ & si/zi/xi/ɣi/hi word-finally
7. monophthongs disappear word-finally after a liquid in a post-tonic syllable
8. [u, i] > [β, ʒ] before a vowel unless directly following a consonant
9. [u, i] > 0 before a mid-vowel of the same roundedness
10. lowering of monophthongs & diphthongs with a first element of /u/ & /i/ before obstruent and liquid codas
11. monophthongization:
    1. /ei/ > /e/
    2. /ou/ > /o/
    3. /au/, /ao/, /uau/, /uao/, /oau/, /oao/ > /ɔ/
    4. /ia/, /ea/, /ae/, /ai/, /iae/, /iai/ > /æ/
    5. /eu/, /eo/, /ueu/, /ueo/, /io/ > /ø/
    6. (i)[u, o] > ɥ / _F and > w / _B
    7. /iu/, /ɥi/ > /y/
    8. /iɔ/ > /œ/
12. /a/>/ɑ/
13. lowering and unrounding of monophthongs before liquid codas
14. Nasalization
    1. nasal consonants induce nasalization of preceding vowels
    2. coda nasal consonants disappear
    3. nasal vowels collapse to /ɪ̃/, /ʏ̃/, /ʊ̃/, and /ɐ̃/
    4. /ɥɪ̃/ > /ʏ̃/
15. Loss of intertonic (between a stressed syllable and the beginning or end of a word) vowels
16. Low vowels become /ǝ/ when word-final (/ə̃/ when nasal)
17. final /h/ and /hǝ/ disappear
18. /k/ and /q/ merge
    1. q > k
    2. k > q / _B
19. /ɸ/ and /β/ merge
    1. β > ɸ
    2. ɸ > β / V_V
20. consonants are lost before liquids
21. word final obstruents are lost unless geminated
22. length distinctions are lost

Nouns

Declension table

	Animate		Inanimate
	E		O		I		E
	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl
NOM	-e		-0	-oi	-i/0		-e
GEN	-e	-à	-oi	-ù/oi/u	-ì		-ì
ALL	-en		-un	-oin	-in		-en	-in
INSTR	-me		-me		-me		-me
VOC	-à	-e

Pronouns and Determiners

Personal pronouns

	NOM	RED	ACC	ALL	INSTR	GEN	POSS	RED	VOC
1s	seu	s	zâ	soin	soime	seu	zâ	z
1p	nave	nav	nôf	naven	nafme	nave	nôf
2s	tô	t	tô	tun	tume	tô	tô	t	ta
2p	tshô	tsh	tshô	tshun	tshume	tshô	tshô	tsh	tsha
3s.an	joa	j	joa	joan	joame	joi	joi	j
3p.an	joâ		joâ			joa
3s.obv	tshe	tsh	tshe	tshin	tshime	tshâ	tshe	tsh
3p.obv	tshâ		tshâ	tshan	tshame	tsha
3s.inan			ly	lun	lume	loi	le	l
3p.inan			êly	elun	elme	ele	ele	el

1. Pronouns are the only part of speech which have a separate accusative case. These are also used after prepositions where nouns would use the nominative.
2. Possessive pronouns are determiners, and agree with following nouns in case, gender, and number.

Verbs

Present tense

The present tense is used for ongoing current events and states.

	A		E		U		O
	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl
1	-i/0/e	-en	-i/0/e	-en	-i/0/e	-oin	-i/0/e	-oin
2	-a	-àr	-ê	-ầr	-o	-ồr	-ô	-àr
3	-e	-à	-e	-èsh	-u	-ùsh	-e	-òsh

ex. s odzh "I give", t òza "you give", oze "it gives", nav ozen "we give", m ozar "you all give", oza "they give"