Cinaiŋi

Cinaiŋi Cinaiŋi
by SennomaUzanto
Date of creation	1st May 2015
SU-ID	{{{SUID}}}
Origin
- Proto-Cinaiŋi
Type
Agglutinative
Alignment
Nominative-Accusative
Head direction

Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
8
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

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Sub pages
Cinaiŋi/Sound Changes Cinaiŋi/Example Texts
Links
Dictionary (Google Docs)
ToDo-list
- Sound changes - pronouns

General information[]

Cinajŋi (also called „ciŋi gënaino”, language of Gënai) is an african language.

Phonology[]

Sound Change[]

Main article: Cinaiŋi/Sound Change

Consonants[]

Table of consonants
		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m		n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive		p b		t d	c ɟ	k g
Fricative	medial	ɸ β	θ ð	s z	ç ʝ	x
Affricate				ts dz
Approximants	medial	w			j
Approximants	lateral			l	ʎ
Trill				r

Vowels[]

Table of vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i, y		u
Mid		ə
Open-mid	ε		ʌ
Open	a

Writing System[]

Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA
p	`[p]`	f	`[ɸ]`	m	`[m]`	a	`[a]`
t	`[t]`	th	`[θ]`	n	`[n]`	e	`[ε]`
tc	`[c]`	c	`[ç]`	ņ	`[ɲ]`	i	`[i]`
k	`[k]`	x	`[x]`	ŋ	`[ŋ]`	o	`[ʌ]`
b	`[b]`	v	`[β]`	l	`[l]`	u	`[u]`
d	`[d]`	dh	`[ð]`	ļ	`[ʎ]`	ë	`[ə]`
dj	`[ɟ]`	j	`[ʝ]`	r	`[r]`
g	`[g]`	gh	`[ɣ]`	w	`[w]`
ts	`[t͡s]`	s	`[s]`	y	`[j]`
dz	`[d͡z]`	z	`[z]`

Phonotactics[]

Grammar[]

Nouns[]

Case[]

Case		Suffix
1	Nominative	-ka
2	Accusative	-ne
3	Dative	-da
4	Ablative	-ba
5	Allative	-ni
6	Locative	-dji
7	Vocative	-vo
8	Genitive	-no
9	Posessive	-tso

Gender[]

Gender		Prefix	Example	Translation
Inanimate	unphysical	ci-	ciŋi	language
Inanimate	physical	mu-	mufui	stone
Human	male	lo-	lostin	father
	female	la-	lastin	mother
	common	le-	lestin	parent
Animal	male	vo-	vokin	male cat
	female	va-	vakin	female cat
	common/plant	ve-	vekin	cat

Number[]

Only the pronouns have a real number. But there are quantifier prefixes, wich can be added to other nouns.

Prefix	Usage	Example	Translation
Ø-	Normal	vejona, letine, muxadzu	tree, person, house
gë-	Collective	gëvejona, gëletine, gëmuxadzu	forrest, nation, town
ca-	Universal	lcovejona, lcoletine, lcomuxadzu	all trees, everybody, all houses
ca-	Negatiive	cavejona, caletine, camuxadzu	no trees, nobody, no houses

Verbs[]

The structur of Verbs is PERSON-ROOT-TENSE

Person[]

Person	Singular	Plural
1st person	to-	do-
2nd person	ti-	di-
3rd person	te-	de-
Infinite	ta-

Tense[]

Tense	Punctual	Durative	Habitual	Inceptive	Resultative
Past	-ska	-ņa	-ļa	-tla	-dha
Present	-ske	-ņe	-ļe	-tle	-dhe
Futur	-sku	-ņu	-ļu	-tlu	-dhu
Imperative	-sko	-ņo	-ļo	-tlo	-dho

Pronouns[]

Table of correlatives[]

[OLD] To redo!
Table of correlatives			interrogative	relative	demonstrative				quantifier
			interrogative	relative	near me	near you	far away	not in sight	existential	universal	negative	alternative
			ŋe-	wo-	ho-	hi-	he-	ha-	kai-	lco-	ca-	ri-
reason		-thën	ŋethën	wothën	hothën	hithën	hethën	hathën	kaithën	lcothën	cathën	rithën
time		-l	ŋel	wol	hol	hil	hel	hal	kail	lcol	cal	ril
location		-m	ŋem	wom	hom	him	hem	ham	kaim	lcom	cam	rim
manner of nouns		-s	ŋes	wos	hos	his	hes	has	kais	lcos	cas	ris
manner of verbs		-c	ŋes	woc	hoc	hic	hec	hac	kaic	lcoc	cac	ric
amount		-jul	ŋejul	wojul	hojul	hijul	hejul	hajul	kaijul	lcojul	cajul	rijul
	animate	le-n	leŋen	lewon	lehon	lehin	lehen	lehan	lekain	lelcon	lecan	lerin
	male	lo-n	loŋen	lowon	lohon	lohin	lohen	lohan	lokain	lolcon	locan	lorin
	female	la-n	laŋen	lawon	lahon	lahin	lahen	lahan	lakain	lalcon	lacan	larin
	inanimate	ci-n	ciŋen	ciwon	cihon	cihin	cihen	cihan	cokain	cilcon	cican	cirin

Personal pronouns[]

The personal pronouns are nouns with gender prefix and case suffix. They have three numbers. The indefinite pronoun lemau is used as the English one or you. The reflexive pronoun is used as English personal pronouns with -self.

	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	lelyo	lelyot	lelyim
2nd person	leka	lekot	lekim
3rd person	leņu	leņot	leņim
Indefinite	lemau
Reflexive	legu	legot	legim

Adjectives & Adverbs[]

Adjectives end with -na. Adverbs end with -li.

Particles[]

Positive		Negative
Particle	Usage	Particle	Usage
moa cona	fast	xlë cona	not fast / slow
lai cona	faster (Comparative)	nie cona	less fast / slower
lain cona	the fastest (Superlative)	nien cona	the least fast / the slowest
joi cona	too fast	wal cona	not fast enough
nux cona	as fast as ...	ëlka cona	not as fast as ...

Syntax[]

The word order is OSV, but variable. Najŋi uses prepositions

Vocabulary[]

Dictionary

Example text[]

English	I saw a tree by the side of the lake.
Cinaiŋi	vejonane	tni	muxadadji	mudjanino	tomatuska
Gloss	tree-ACC	by	side-LOC	lake-GEN	1SG-see-PUNCTUAL-PAST
IPA	[vεˈʝʌ.na.nε]	[tⁿi]	[muˈxa.da.ɟi]	[muˈɟa.ni.nʌ]	[tʌˈma.tu.ska]

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 1

English
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Cinaiŋi
lcoletine degonxa moa willi al moa ëlili go cigoladji al cinaundji...

Gloss
ALL-Person 3.PL-live-PAST-INCEPTIVE POSITIVE-free-ADVERB and POSITIVE-equal-ADVERB in dignity-LOC and right-LOC...

IPA
[ˌɬʌ.lɛˈti.nɛ ˌdɛˈgʌn.xa ˈmʌa wilːi ˈal ˈmʌa ˈə.li.li ˈgʌ ˌçiˈgʌ.la.ɟi ˈal ˌçiˈgʌ.la.ɟi]