Cjư

Cjư Cjư
Type
Agglutinative
Alignment
Nominative–accusative
Head direction
Final
Tonal
No
Declensions
No
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

General information

Cjư (/t͡ɕɯ/) is a priori conlang. It is designed to sound bizarre, but not too difficult to learn and speak. 

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m〈m〉	n〈n〉	ɲ〈nj〉		ŋ〈g〉	ɴ
Plosive	p〈p〉				k〈k〉		ʔ〈'〉
Fricative		s〈s〉 z〈z〉	ɕ〈sj〉 ʑ〈zj〉		x~χ〈h〉 ɣ~ʁ〈r〉
Affricate		t͡s〈c〉 d͡z〈x〉	t͡ɕ〈cj〉 d͡ʑ〈xj〉
Approximant	w〈w〉 ɥ〈wj〉			j〈y〉 ɥ〈wj〉
Click			ǂ〈q〉
Lateral app.		l〈l〉

• /n/ and /ŋ/ are realized as [ɴ] before [χ] and [ʁ]
• /n/ is realized as [ɲ] before [j], [ɥ], and [ǂ]
• /w/ is realized as [ɥ] before [j]
• /s/ and /t͡s/ become [ɕ] and [t͡ɕ], respectively, before [j] or [ɥ]

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i〈i〉 y〈ï〉	ɯ〈ư〉 u〈u〉
Close-mid	e〈e〉 ø〈ė〉
Open-mid		ʌ〈ơ〉 ɔ〈o〉
Open	a〈a〉 ɶ〈ȧ〉

Alphabet

Letter	Name	IPA
A	la	a
Ȧ	mȧ	ɶ
C	ce	t͡s
E	le	e
Ė	mė	ø
G	gơ	ŋ
H	hoh	χ
I	li	i
Ï	mï	y
J	aya
K	ke	k
L	alư	l
M	mơ	m
N	nơ	n
O	mo	ɔ
Ơ	lơ	ʌ
P	pe	p
Q	qơ	ǂ
R	rah	ʁ
S	se	s
U	mu	u
Ư	lư	ɯ
W	uwa	w
X	xo	d͡z
Y	iya	j
Z	zo	z
'	qa'a	ʔ

• The dot ( · ) or, diaeresis ( ¨ ) in the case of Ï, indicates rounding of a vowel who is by default unrounded.
• The horn ( ̛ ) indicates unrounding of a vowel who is by default rounded.
• The letter J has no phonological value, but rather acts as an in-line diacritic for palatalization.

Phonotactics

Syllable stucture is defined as (C)(j)V(K) where:

• C is the onset. It is any consonant*.
• j is the medial. It is any semivowel.
• V is the nucleus. It is any vowel.
• and K is the coda. It cannot include any voiced fricative, voiced affricate, click, /ʔ/, or /ɥ/**.

Therefore, a syllable cannot end in the phonemes /ʔ, z, ʑ, ʁ, d͡z, d͡ʑ, ɥ**/, or /ǂ/.

• First syllables of a word do not start with /ʔ/, but any following syllables of a word can.
• Allophonically, /ɥ/ can end a syllable because /w/ can. /w/ is realized as [ɥ] before an onset [j].

Grammar

	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Nouns	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Adjectives	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adverb	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Particle	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No

Verbs

All verbs are regular in Cjư, so once conjugation is learned, any verb can be conjugated. This is done by changing the ending of a verb. There are two types of conjugation in Cjư. They are Post-vowel (VCo) and Post-coda (KCo) conjugations.

Post-Vowel

These conjugations apply to verbs whose infinitives end in a vowel followed by a consonant plus the vowel o. They feature suffixes.

VCo:

	1st singular	1st plural	2nd singular	2nd plural	3rd singular	3rd plural
Present	VCoc	VCocum	VCanja	VCanjam	VCơh	VCơhum
Past	VCocjas	VCocjumsa	VCanjas	VCanjamsa	VCơras	VCơrumsa
Future	VCoxawa	VCoxumwa	VCaqawa	VCaqamwa	VCơhawa	VCơhamwa

Oso - to be:

	1st singular	1st plural	2nd singular	2nd plural	3rd singular	3rd plural
Present	osoc	osocum	osanja	osanjam	osơh	osơhum
Past	osocjas	osocjumsa	osanjas	osanjamsa	osơras	osơrumsa
Future	osoxawa	osoxumwa	osaqawa	osaqamwa	osơhawa	osơhamwa

Post-Coda

Post-coda infinitives end in a coda by a consonant plus the vowel o. They feature suffixes and infixes.

KCo:

	1st singular	1st plural	2nd singular	2nd plural	3rd singular	3rd plural
Present	KocCo	KocCom	KanjaCa	KanjaCam	KơhCơ	KơhCơm
Past	KocjakCo	KocjakCom	KanjakCa	KanjakCam	KơrakCơ	KơrakCơm
Future	KoxawaCo	KoxawaCom	KaqawaCa	KaqawaCam	KơhawaCơ	KơhawaCơm

Ơmipso - to see:

	1st singular	1st plural	2nd singular	2nd plural	3rd singular	3rd plural
Present	ơmipocso	ơmipocsom	ơmipanjasa	ơmipanjasam	ơmipơhsơ	ơmipơhsơm
Past	ơmipocjakso	ơmipocjaksom	ơmipanjaksa	ơmipanjaksam	ơmipơrakơ	ơmipơrakơm
Future	ơmipoxawaso	ơmipoxawasom	ơmipaqawasa	ơmipaqawasam	ơmipơhawasơ	ơmipơhawasơm

Particles

Particle	Case/Tense	Example
la	nominative	John la pucnalosơras. John slept.
xe	accusative	Hơ la pomya xe kalơrakko. He hit the ball.
kė	dative	Xjon la qam kė zjagwja'e xe kư'oxawa. I will give you the money.
ga	genitive	Nje la Sherry ga awcu xe osơh. That is Sherry's car.
hȧ	locative	Hơ'ưm la New York hȧ ȧlosơhum. They are in New York.
mwje	lative	Xjon la hơ xe mïlȧce mwje cagagoxawa. I will bring it to the party.
xjư	ablative	Rȧn la ponanjaksal xe hog imu xjư pwacơrakmơ. The dog took the bone from its mother.

Syntax

Word order in Cjư is SOV

S	O	V
ipȧ la	hog zjacmac xe	mwayơras.
/ipɶ la	χɔŋ ʑat͡smat͡s d͡ze	mwajʌʁas/
father	his wife	kissed.
	The father kissed his wife.

Vocabulary

No.	English	Cjư
1	I	Xjon
2	you (singular)	Qam
3	he	Hơ
4	we	Xjonưm
5	you (plural)	Qamưm
6	they	Hơ'ưm
7	this	Cơ
8	that	Nje
9	here	Cơ'ec
10	there	Nje'ec
11	who	Anmơ
12	what	Mơ
13	where	Ecmơ
14	when	Opmơ
15	how	Racmơ
16	not	Lec
17	all	Sưp
18	many	Ȧk
19	some	Cu
20	few	Xėc
21	other	Zjonhok
22	one	Ïg
23	two	Nah
24	three	Og
25	four	Cji
26	five	Pak
27	big	Kaci
28	long	Pos
29	wide	Lacmag
30	thick	Kalag
31	heavy	Mėpkal
32	small	Liplic
33	short	Lipci
34	narrow	Xalkac
35	thin	Mincėk
36	woman	Macan
37	man (adult male)	Palan
38	man (human being)	Hơlan
39	child	Lipan
40	wife	Zjacmac
41	husband	Palmac
42	mother	Imu
43	father	Ipȧ
44	animal	Zazjư
45	fish	Mi'ė
46	bird	Qacơl
47	dog	Rȧn
48	louse	Ralpucim
49	snake	Sizjas
50	worm	Hulimwa
51	tree	Xi
52	forest	Moh
53	stick	Gac
54	fruit	Pwol
55	seed	Xele
56	leaf	Lȧy
57	root	Munïcwjơ
58	bark	Gahka
59	flower	Olmơ
60	grass	Ėnhwȧ
61	rope	Ipsưl
62	skin	Ralmac
63	meat	Upselap
64	blood	Gơ'ưgsac
65	bone	Ponanjaksal
66	fat	Sawri
67	egg	Gïzas
68	horn	Lưn
69	tail	Halcon
70	feather	Seymoc
71	hair	Wjas
72	head	Xjoc
73	ear	Eqem
74	eye	Pima
75	nose	Olnėk
76	mouth	Xug
77	tooth	Cjici
78	tongue	Lơg
79	fingernail	—
80	foot	—
81	leg	—
82	knee	—
83	hand	—
84	wing	—
85	belly	—
86	guts	—
87	neck	—
88	back	—
89	breast	—
90	heart	—
91	liver	—
92	drink	—
93	eat	—
94	bite	—
95	suck	—
96	spit	—
97	vomit	—
98	blow	—
99	breathe	—
100	laugh	—
101	see	—
102	hear	—
103	know	—
104	think	—
105	smell	—
106	fear	—
107	sleep	—
108	live	—
109	die	—
110	kill	—
111	fight	—
112	hunt	—
113	hit	—
114	cut	—
115	split	—
116	stab	—
117	scratch	—
118	dig	—
119	swim	—
120	fly	—
121	walk	—
122	come	—
123	lie	—
124	sit	—
125	stand	—
126	turn	—
127	fall	—
128	give	—
129	hold	—
130	squeeze	—
131	rub	—
132	wash	—
133	wipe	—
134	pull	—
135	push	—
136	throw	—
137	tie	—
138	sew	—
139	count	—
140	say	—
141	sing	—
142	play	—
143	float	—
144	flow	—
145	freeze	—
146	swell	—
147	sun	—
148	moon	—
149	star	—
150	water	—
151	rain	—
152	river	—
153	lake	—
154	sea	—
155	salt	—
156	stone	—
157	sand	—
158	dust	—
159	earth	—
160	cloud	—
161	fog	—
162	sky	—
163	wind	—
164	snow	—
165	ice	—
166	smoke	—
167	fire	—
168	ash	—
169	burn	—
170	road	—
171	mountain	—
172	red	—
173	green	—
174	yellow	—
175	white	—
176	black	—
177	night	—
178	day	—
179	year	—
180	warm	—
181	cold	—
182	full	—
183	new	—
184	old	—
185	good	—
186	bad	—
187	rotten	—
188	dirty	—
189	straight	—
190	round	—
191	sharp	—
192	dull	—
193	smooth	—
194	wet	—
195	dry	—
196	correct	—
197	near	—
198	far	—
199	right	—
200	left	—
201	at	—
202	in	—
203	with	—
204	and	—
205	if	—
206	because	—
207	name	—