Coxirat

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Coxirat (coh - HEE - raht) is a language that draws some influence from a number of languages, including, but not limited to, Romance languages, German, English, and possibly some Dutch.

Phonology

Coming soon

Nouns

Cases

Coxirat has eight noun cases.

Nominative case

Nominative case is used for the subject or predicate nominative of a sentence.

EXAMPLE:

He walks to school slowly.
Us ad lúdum marnitú.

Genitive case

Genitive case is used to identify the declension of the noun as well as to indicate possession, amount, or characteristics of a person or thing.

EXAMPLE:

abos magis dragiliá
A man of great stupidity

Dative case

Dative case is used for indirect objects.

EXAMPLE:

I gave the old woman a cat.
daxe lá abá cáná thendam.

Accusative case

Accusative case is used for the objects of verbs and prepositions that take the accusative case.

EXAMPLE

Her (male) cousin found a wolf.
prémos áus lúpum twìkset.

Ablative case

Ablative case is used for objects of prepositions that take the ablative case.

EXAMPLE

There is a cat in the tree.
est thenda in là hilionì.

It can also be used for comparison instead of "cujam [noun]":

EXAMPLE

I am cleverer than you.
egó sum malidior te.

Vocative case

This case is used when addressing somebody or something directly.

For nouns ending in -os, the -os becomes -è.

Example: lúpè! = wolf!

For nouns ending in -ios, the -ios becomes -é.

Locative case

This case is used to denote that something is at or in a particular place.

Declensions

Coxirat has five noun declensions.

First declension

	cora, á song f.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	cora	–a	corá	–á
Genitive	corá	-á	corarum	-arum
Dative	corá	-á	corábus	-ábus
Accusative	coram	–am	corás	–ás
Ablative	corà	–à	coràbus	–àbus
Locative	coràm	-àm	coràmbus	-àmbus

Second declension

Masculine

	lúpos, í wolf m.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	lúpos	–os	lúpí	–í
Genitive	lúpí	-í	lúporum	-orum
Dative	lúpó	-ó	lúpóbus	-óbus
Accusative	lúpum	–um	lúpós	–ós
Ablative	lúpò	–ò	lúpòbus	–òbus
Vocative	lúpè	-è	lúpí	-í
Locative	lúpùm	-ùm	lúpùmbus	-ùmbus

Neuter

	glérum, í rum n.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	glérum	–um	gléra	–a
Genitive	glérí	-í	glérorum	-orum
Dative	gléró	-ó	gléróbus	-óbus
Accusative	glérum	–um	gléra	–a
Ablative	glérò	–ò	gléròbus	–òbus
Locative	glérùm	-ùm	glérùmbus	-ùmbus

Third declension

Masculine and feminine

	docthor, docthoris teacher m.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	docthor	~	docthorés	–és
Genitive	docthoris	-is	docthorgum	-gum
Dative	docthoré	-é	docthorébus	-ébus
Accusative	docthorìm	–ìm	docthorés	–és
Ablative	docthorì	–ì	docthorìbus	–ìbus
Locative	docthorèm	-èm	docthorèmbus	-èmbus

	majulthriks, majulthrikis woman who poisons f.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	majulthriks	~	majulthrikés	–és
Genitive	majulthrikis	-is	majulthrikìgum	-ìgum*
Dative	majulthriké	-é	majulthrikébus	-ébus
Accusative	majulthrikìm	–ìm	majulthrikés	–és
Ablative	majulthrikì	–ì	majulthrikìbus	–ìbus
Locative	majulthrikèm	-èm	majulthrikèmbus	-èmbus

• This has nothing to do with the gender of the noun; it is actually because of an i-stem rule.

Neuter

	laggìn, laggìnis paper, piece, composition n.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	laggìn	~	laggìna	–a
Genitive	laggìnis	-is	laggìngum	-gum
Dative	laggìné	-é	laggìnébus	-ébus
Accusative	laggìn	~	laggìna	–a
Ablative	laggìnì	–ì	laggìnìbus	–ìbus
Locative	laggìnèm	-èm	laggìnèmbus	-èmbus

3rd Declension Rules

Certain third declension neuter nouns have i-stems, meaning that their nominative and accusative plural ending is -ia rather than -a. This rule applies if:

• The genitive singular has two consonants before the -is ending.
• The genitive singular has the same number of syllables as the nominative singular.
• The nominative singular ends in -al or -ar.

These other rules cause the genitive plural to be "-ìgum" rather than "gum", regardless of gender:

• The stem ends in "c".
• The stem ends in "k".

Also, when the stem ends in "m", the genitive plural changes it to an "n".

EXAMPLES:

The town of towns
fracs fracìgum
From fracs, fracis f. - town

Of the (female) givers
dathrikìgum
From dathriks, dathrikis f. - female giver

The farm of farms
parme parngum
From parme, parmis m. - farm

Distinguishing Genders in 3rd Declension

• Nouns ending in -or, -e, -ol, -o (NOT -io), -oi, -z (except for -úz), -es (stem increasing and NOT "er"), or -er are usually masculine.
• Nouns ending in -ks, -cs, -is, -io, -il, -ad, -úz, -es (stem not increasing), or -irl are usually feminine.
• Nouns ending in -ur, -al, -ar, -us, -os, -n, or -es ("er" stem) are usually neuter.

Fourth declension

Masculine

	gardus, ús heart (organ) m.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	gardus	-us	gardú	–ú
Genitive	gardús	-ús	gardurum	-urum
Dative	gardú	-ú	gardúbus	-úbus
Accusative	gardum	–um	gardús	–ús
Ablative	gardù	–ù	gardùbus	–ùbus
Locative	gardùm	-ùm	gardùmbus	-ùmbus

Neuter

	hagwud, ús bath n.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	hagwud	-ud	hagwua	–ua
Genitive	hagwús	-ús	hagwurum	-urum
Dative	hagwú	-ú	hagwúbus	-úbus
Accusative	hagwud	–ud	hagwua	–ua
Ablative	hagwù	–ù	hagwùbus	–ùbus
Locative	hagwùm	-ùm	hagwùmbus	-ùmbus

Fifth declension

Feminine

	ajé, ajéí eye f.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	ajé	-é	ajés	–és
Genitive	ajéí	-éí	ajerum	-erum
Dative	ajé	-é	ajébus	-ébus
Accusative	ajem	–em	ajés	–és
Ablative	ajè	–è	ajèbus	–èbus
Locative	ajèm	-èm	ajèmbus	-èmbus

Neuter

	rúnè, rúnéí clock n.
	Singular		Plural
Nominative	rúnè	-è	rúnea	–ea
Genitive	rúnéí	-éí	rúnerum	-erum
Dative	rúné	-é	rúnébus	-ébus
Accusative	rúnè	–è	rúnea	–ea
Ablative	rúnè	–è	rúnèbus	–èbus
Locative	rúnèm	-èm	rúnèmbus	-èmbus

Diminutives

Diminutives are used to give the impression that something is small or young.

Forming a Diminutive

To form a diminutive, simply add ul before the last vowel in the noun.

EXAMPLE: 
lúpos = wolf
lúpulos= wolf cub, little wolf

The formation of a diminutive has no effect on the declension of the noun:

I showed you the little boy who is my brother.
egó tejé quaglaxe abululum, quíc bradros meos est.

You cannot form diminutives with pronouns.

Pronouns

I and we

	I and we
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	egó	nós
Genitive	meos/a/um	nóstros/a/um
Dative	mejé	nobébus
Accusative	me	nós
Ablative	me	nobèbus
Locative	mejìm	nobìmbus

You

	You
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tú	wós
Genitive	túos/a/um	wèstros/a/um
Dative	tejé	wobébus
Accusative	te	wós
Ablative	te	wobèbus
Locative	tújìm	wobìmbus

Emphatic pronouns

Singular

	Himself, herself, itself, the very
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	àgsos	àgsa	àgsum
Genitive	àgsjis	àgsjis	àgsjis
Dative	àgsó	àgsá	àgsó
Accusative	àgsum	àgsam	àgsum
Ablative	àgsò	àgsà	àgsò
Locative	àgsùm	àgsàm	àgsùm

Plural

	Themselves, the very
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed Genders
Nominative	àgsí	àgsá	àgsa	àgsú
Genitive	àgsorum	àgsarum	àgsorum	àgsurum
Dative	àgsóbus	àgsábus	àgsóbus	àgsúbus
Accusative	àgsós	àgsás	àgsa	àgsús
Ablative	àgsòbus	àgsàbus	àgsòbus	àgsùbus
Locative	àgsùmbus	àgsàmbus	àgsùmbus	àgsùmbus

EXAMPLE:

I see it in your very eyes.
wìdèm id in ajèbus tuàbus àgsàbus.

Reflexive

Reflexive pronouns in Coxirat are the same in singular and plural.

	Himself, herself, itself, themselves
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed genders
Nominative	--	--	--	--
Genitive	soje	saje	soje	súje
Dative	sejé	sejé	sejé	sejé
Accusative	se	se	se	se
Ablative	se	se	se	se
Locative	sejìm	sejìm	sejìm	sejìm

He, she, it

Singular

	He, she, it
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	us	eja	id
Genitive	áus	áus	áus
Dative	eó	ejá	eó
Accusative	eum	ejam	id
Ablative	eò	ejà	eò
Locative	eùm	ejàm	eùm

Plural

	They
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed genders
Nominative	ejí	ejá	eja	eú
Genitive	eorum	ejarum	eorum	eurum
Dative	eóbus	ejábus	ejóbus	eúbus
Accusative	eós	ejás	eja	eús
Ablative	eòbus	ejàbus	eòbus	eùbus
Locative	eùmbus	ejàmbus	eùmbus	eùmbus

Demonstrative Pronouns: This and That

Demonstrative pronouns in Coxirat can also be used as demonstrative adjectives.

This

	This
	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed genders
Nominative	hoc	hac	hid	hí	há	hac	hú
Genitive	hujis	hujis	hujis	horum	harum	horum	hurum
Dative	hóc	hác	hóc	hóbus	hábus	hóbus	húbus
Accusative	hum	ham	hid	hós	hás	hac	hús
Ablative	hòc	hàc	hòc	hòbus	hàbus	hòbus	hùbus
Locative	hùm	hàm	hùm	hùmbus	hàmbus	hùmbus	hùmbus

That

	That
	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed genders
Nominative	ilos	ila	ilud	ilí	ilá	ila	ilú
Genitive	iljis	iljis	iljis	ilorum	ilarum	ilorum	ilurum
Dative	iló	ilá	iló	ilóbus	ilábus	ilóbus	ilúbus
Accusative	ilum	ilam	ilud	ilós	ilás	ila	ilús
Ablative	ilò	ilà	ilò	ilòbus	ilàbus	ilòbus	ilùbus
Locative	ilùm	ilàm	ilùm	ilùmbus	ilàmbus	ilùmbus	ilùmbus

Relative Pronouns

	Who, What, Which
	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed genders
Nominative	quíc	quác	quud	quí	quá	quác	quú
Genitive	cujis	cujis	cujis	quorum	quarum	quorum	quurum
Dative	quó	quá	quó	quóbus	quábus	quóbus	quúbus
Accusative	cujim	cujam	quud	cuiós	cujás	quàc	cuiús
Ablative	quò	quà	quò	quòbus	quàbus	quòbus	quùbus
Locative	quùm	quàm	quùm	quùmbus	quàmbus	quùmbus	quùmbus

"The Same" Pronouns

	The Same ________
	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed genders
Nominative	udèm	ejadèm	idèm	ejídèm	ejádèm	ejadèm	eúdèm
Genitive	áusdèm	áusdèm	áusdèm	eorumdèm	ejarumdèm	eorumdèm	eurumdèm
Dative	eódèm	ejádèm	eódèm	eóbusdèm	ejábusdèm	eóbusdèm	eúbusdèm
Accusative	eundèm	ejandèm	idèm	eósdèm	ejásdèm	ejadèm	eúsdèm
Ablative	eòdèm	ejàdèm	eòdèm	eòbusdèm	ejàbusdèm	eòbusdèm	eùbusdèm
Locative	eùndèm	ejàndèm	eùndèm	eùmbusdèm	ejàmbusdèm	eùmbusdèm	eùmbusdèm

Interrogative Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs

	Interrogative Pronouns
	Singular	Plural
Who	quus	quí
What	quud	quác
Where	pàgé	--
When	parsù	--
Why	pur	--
How	quò radò	--
How big	partos/a/um	partí/á/a
How much/many	parlos/a/um	parlí/á/a

Unlike relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns disregard gender.

The interrogative adjectives partos/partí (how big) and parlos/parlí (how much/many) changes according to gender.

Articles

The only articles in Coxirat are definite articles. They all translate "the". In a Coxirat language book, you may find an article next to a word to denote its gender (for example: los abulos would show that "boy" is a masculine noun).

Singular

	The
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	los	la	lid
Genitive	lí	lá	lí
Dative	ló	lá	ló
Accusative	lum	lam	lid
Ablative	lò	là	lò
Locative	lùm	làm	lùm

Plural

	The
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Mixed Genders
Nominative	lí	lá	la	lú
Genitive	lorum	larum	lorum	lurum
Dative	lóbus	lábus	lóbus	lúbus
Accusative	lós	lás	la	lús
Ablative	lòbus	làbus	lòbus	lúbus
Locative	lùmbus	làmbus	lùmbus	lùmbus

Adjectives

Comparison of Adjectives

When comparing with adjectives, do it like this:

Formation	calsmos, -a, -um smart, intelligent
	Comparison
stem + -issim + 1st/2nd declension endings	calsmissimos, -a, -um	smartest, very smart
stem + -ior, -iiks, -iur + 3rd declension endings	calsmior, -iiks, -iur	smarter
~	calsmos, -a, -um	smart
Add nón before adjective	nón calsmos, -a, -um	not smart
stem + -er + 1st/2nd declension endings	calsmer, -era, -erum	less smart, not as smart
stem + -errim + 1st/2nd declension endings	calsmerrimos, -a, -um	least smart

• For "-er, -era, -erum", don't add anything other than "er" to the stem if it is masculine nominative.

EXAMPLES:

She thinks that she is very smart.
pútast se calsmissimam eßə.

The girls think that they are smarter than the boys.
lá abulá pútant se calsmiikés lòbus abulòbus eßə.

The teacher is really the only smart person.
los docthor werú est lonos pargis calsmos.

One girl says that everyone is not smart.
úna abula décèst vévìndús nón calsmús eßə.

They (mixed genders) think that girls are less smart than boys.
eú putant abulás calsmerás abulòbus eßə.

The least smart person at the school is the principal!
los pargis calsmerrimos lúdùm est fèllultor!

• For plural with mixed genders of (-ior, iiks, iur), use the stem and add 4th declension plural endings.

Verbs

First through Fourth Conjugation in Present, Imperfect, and Future Active Indicative

First conjugation: a stem Second conjugation: i stem Third conjugation: o stem Fourth conjugation: u stem

Present Tense

For present tense, simply remove the "brə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dam	-m	damus	–mus
Second Person	das	-s	dastis	-stis
Third Person	dast	-st	dant	-nt

The present tense translates "is verbing", "verbs", or "does verb".

Imperfect Tense

For imperfect tense, remove the "brə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive), make the stem vowel short (add a grave ` on top of it), and add the same personal endings.

The imperfect tense translates "was verbing" or "used to verb".

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dàm	-m	dàmus	–mus
Second Person	dàs	-s	dàstis	-stis
Third Person	dàst	-st	dànt	-nt

Future Tense

For future tense, remove the "brə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive), make the stem vowel long (add a fada ´ on top of it), and add the same personal endings.

The future tense translates "is going to verb", "will verb" or "is about to verb".

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dám	-m	dámus	–mus
Second Person	dás	-s	dástis	-stis
Third Person	dást	-st	dánt	-nt

Fifth Conjugation in Present, Imperfect, and Future Active Indicative

5th conjugation: ə stem

Present Tense

For present tense, remove the "əbrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décèm	-èm	décèmus	–èmus
Second Person	décès	-ès	décèstis	-èstis
Third Person	décèst	-èst	décunt	-unt

The present tense translates "is verbing", "verbs", or "does verb".

Imperfect Tense

For imperfect tense, remove the "əbrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add the endings below.

The imperfect tense translates "was verbing" or "used to verb".

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décìm	-ìm	décìmus	–ìmus
Second Person	décìs	-ìs	décìstis	-ìstis
Third Person	décìst	-ìst	décìnt	-ìnt

Future Tense

For future tense, remove the "əbrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add the endings below.

The future tense translates "is going to verb", "will verb" or "is about to verb".

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décém	-ém	décémus	–émus
Second Person	décés	-és	décéstis	-éstis
Third Person	décést	-ést	décént	-ént

Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Tenses in Active Indicative

These three tenses remain practically the same for all verbs.

Perfect Tense

The perfect tense translates "has verbed", "did verb", or "verbed".

For perfect tense, take the third principal part of the verb, remove the "e", and add these endings:

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	déxe	-e	déxemus	–es
Second Person	déxiste	-iste	déxistes	-istes
Third Person	déxet	-et	déxent	-ent

Pluperfect Tense

The pluperfect tense translates "had verbed".

For pluperfect tense, take the third principal part of the verb, remove the "e", and add these endings:

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	déxì	-ì	déxìmus	–ìmus
Second Person	déxistì	-istì	déxistìs	-istìs
Third Person	déxìt	-ìt	déxìnt	-ìnt

Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense translates "will have verbed".

For future perfect tense, take the third principal part of the verb, remove the "e", and add these endings:

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	déxé	-é	déxémus	–émus
Second Person	déxisté	-isté	déxistés	-istés
Third Person	déxét	-ét	déxént	-ént

Exception to Future Perfect Tense

The exception is in érə (to go).

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	éjé	-jé	éjémus	–jémus
Second Person	éisté	-isté	éistés	-istés
Third Person	éjét	-jét	éjént	-jént

Present, Imperfect, and Future Passive Indicative

Present Tense

The present tense translates "is verbed" or "is being verbed".

For present tense in first through fourth conjugation, simply remove the "brə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dar	-r	damur	–mur
Second Person	dares	-res	dastìné	-stìné
Third Person	dastur	-stur	dantur	-ntur

For fifth conjugation, remove "əbrə" from the infinitive and add these endings.

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décèr	-èr	décèmur	–èmur
Second Person	décères	-ères	décèstìné	-èstìné
Third Person	décèstur	-èstur	décuntur	-untur

Imperfect Tense

The imperfect tense translates "was being verbed" or "used to be verbed".

First Conjugation

Remove the "abrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	darà	-arà	dàmur	–àmur
Second Person	darìs	-arìs	dàstìné	-àstìné
Third Person	dàstur	-àstur	dàntur	-àntur

Second Conjugation

Remove the "ibrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakirì	-irì	lakìmur	–ìmur
Second Person	lakirìs	-irìs	lakìstìné	-ìstìné
Third Person	lakìstur	-ìstur	lakìntur	-ìntur

Third Conjugation

Remove the "obrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	xagom, xagobrə, xagose, xagothum to bite
	Singular		Plural
First Person	xagorò	-orò	xagòmur	–òmur
Second Person	xagorìs	-orìs	xagòstìné	-òstìné
Third Person	xagòstur	-òstur	xagòntur	-òntur

Fourth Conjugation

Remove the "ubrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	majum, majubrə, majulse, majulthum to poison
	Singular		Plural
First Person	majurù	-urù	majùmur	–ùmur
Second Person	majurìs	-urìs	majùstìné	-ùstìné
Third Person	majùstur	-ùstur	majùntur	-ùntur

Fifth Conjugation

Remove the "əbrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décèrì	-èrì	décìmur	–ìmur
Second Person	décèrìs	-èrìs	décìstìné	-ìstìné
Third Person	décìstur	-ìstur	décìntur	-ìntur

Future Tense

The future tense translates "will be verbed", "is going to be verbed", or "is about to be verbed".

First Conjugation

Remove the "abrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dará	-ará	dámur	–ámur
Second Person	darés	-arés	dástìné	-ástìné
Third Person	dástur	-ástur	dántur	-ántur

Second Conjugation

Remove the "ibrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakirí	-irí	lakímur	–ímur
Second Person	lakirés	-irés	lakístìné	-ístìné
Third Person	lakístur	-ístur	lakíntur	-íntur

Third Conjugation

Remove the "obrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	xagom, xagobrə, xagose, xagothum to bite
	Singular		Plural
First Person	xagoró	-oró	xagómur	–ómur
Second Person	xagorés	-orés	xagóstìné	-óstìné
Third Person	xagóstur	-óstur	xagóntur	-óntur

Fourth Conjugation

Remove the "ubrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	majum, majubrə, majulse, majulthum to poison
	Singular		Plural
First Person	majurú	-urú	majúmur	-úmur
Second Person	majurés	-urés	majústìné	-ústìné
Third Person	majústur	-ústur	majúntur	-úntur

Fifth Conjugation

Remove the "əbrə" from the second principal part (the present active infinitive) and add these endings:

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décèré	-èré	décémur	–émur
Second Person	décèrés	-èrés	décéstìné	-éstìné
Third Person	décéstur	-éstur	décéntur	-éntur

Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Passive Indicative

Perfect Passive Indicative

Take the fourth principal part of the verb and add a present indicative form of "to be". The principal part will change according to gender and number.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakithos/a/um sum	Singular + sum	lakithí/á/a sumus	Plural + sumus
Second Person	lakithos/a/um es	Singular + es	lakithí/á/a estis	Plural + estis
Third Person	lakithos/a/um est	Singular + est	lakithí/á/a sunt	Plural + sunt

Pluperfect Passive Indicative

Take the fourth principal part of the verb and add an imperfect indicative form of "to be". The principal part will change according to gender and number.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakithos/a/um sìm	Singular + sìm	lakithí/á/a sìmus	Plural + sìmus
Second Person	lakithos/a/um sìs	Singular + sìs	lakithí/á/a sìstis	Plural + sìstis
Third Person	lakithos/a/um sìst	Singular + sìst	lakithí/á/a sìnt	Plural + sìnt

Future Perfect Passive Indicative

Take the fourth principal part of the verb and add a future indicative form of "to be". The principal part will change according to gender and number.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakithos/a/um sím	Singular + sím	lakithí/á/a símus	Plural + símus
Second Person	lakithos/a/um sís	Singular + sís	lakithí/á/a sístis	Plural + sístis
Third Person	lakithos/a/um síst	Singular + síst	lakithí/á/a sínt	Plural + sínt

Present Active Subjunctive

Mnemonic

1. THE

2. BIASED

3. OATMEAL

4. ACCENTUATION

5. PASSED

The boldfaced letters are the ones that replace the stem vowels of the second principal part when forming a present subjunctive verb.

Forming a Present Active Subjunctive

Take the second principal part of the verb, obtain the stem by removing the "brə", replace the stem vowel (for first conjugation, replace "a" with "e"; second, "i" with "ia"; third, "o" with "oa"; fourth, "u" with "ua"; fifth, "ə" with "a") and add personal endings -m, -s, -st, -mus, -stis, -nt.

First Conjugation

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dem	-m	demus	-mus
Second Person	des	-s	destis	-stis
Third Person	dest	-st	dent	-nt

Second Conjugation

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakiam	-m	lakiamus	-mus
Second Person	lakias	-s	lakiastis	-stis
Third Person	lakiast	-st	lakiant	-nt

Third Conjugation

	kibom, kibobrə, kibose, kibothum to suffer
	Singular		Plural
First Person	kiboam	-m	kiboamus	-mus
Second Person	kiboas	-s	kiboastis	-stis
Third Person	kiboast	-st	kiboant	-nt

Fourth Conjugation

	majum, majubrə, majulse, majulthum to poison
	Singular		Plural
First Person	majuam	-m	majuamus	-mus
Second Person	majuas	-s	majuastis	-stis
Third Person	majuast	-st	majuant	-nt

Fifth Conjugation

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décam	-m	décamus	-mus
Second Person	décas	-s	décastis	-stis
Third Person	décast	-st	décant	-nt

Imperfect Active Subjunctive

Forming an Imperfect Active Subjunctive

Take the second principal part of the verb, remove the "ə", and add 5th conjugation present active indicative endings.

In 5th conjugation, change the stem vowel to "è", as well.

First Conjugation

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dabrèm	-èm	dabrèmus	-èmus
Second Person	dabrès	-ès	dabrèstis	-èstis
Third Person	dabrèst	-èst	dabrunt	-unt

Second Conjugation

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakibrèm	-èm	lakibrèmus	-èmus
Second Person	lakibrès	-ès	lakibrèstis	-èstis
Third Person	lakibrèst	-èst	lakibrunt	-unt

Third Conjugation

	xogom, xogobrə, xogose, xogothum to bite
	Singular		Plural
First Person	xogobrèm	-èm	xogobrèmus	-èmus
Second Person	xogobrès	-ès	xogobrèstis	-èstis
Third Person	xogobrèst	-èst	xogobrunt	-unt

Fourth Conjugation

	majum, majubrə, majulse, majulthum to poison
	Singular		Plural
First Person	majubrèm	-èm	majubrèmus	-èmus
Second Person	majubrès	-ès	majubrèstis	-èstis
Third Person	majubrèst	-èst	majubrunt	-unt

Fifth Conjugation

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décèbrèm	-èm	décèbrèmus	-èmus
Second Person	décèbrès	-ès	décèbrèstis	-èstis
Third Person	décèbrèst	-èst	décèbrunt	-unt

Perfect Active Subjunctive

Forming a Perfect Active Subjunctive

Take the third principal part of the verb, remove the "e", and add these endings:

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	daxí	-í	daxímus	-ímus
Second Person	daxís	-ís	daxístis	-ístis
Third Person	daxíst	-íst	daxínt	-ínt

Pluperfect Active Subjunctive

Forming a Pluperfect Active Subjunctive

Take the third principal part of the verb, remove the "e", and add these endings:

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	daxìßem	-ìßem	daxìßemus	-ìßemus
Second Person	daxìßes	-ìßes	daxìßestis	-ìßestis
Third Person	daxìßest	-ìßest	daxìßent	-ìßent

Present Passive Subjunctive

Mnemonic

1. THE

2. BIASED

3. OATMEAL

4. ACCENTUATION

5. PASSED

The boldfaced letters are the ones that replace the stem vowels of the second principal part when forming a present subjunctive verb.

Forming a Present Passive Subjunctive

Take the second principal part of the verb, obtain the stem by removing the "brə", replace the stem vowel (for first conjugation, replace "a" with "e"; second, "i" with "ia"; third, "o" with "oa"; fourth, "u" with "ua"; fifth, "ə" with "a") and add personal endings -r, -res, -stur, -mur, -stìné, -ntur.

First Conjugation

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	der	-r	demur	-mur
Second Person	deres	-res	destìné	-stìné
Third Person	destur	-stur	dentur	-ntur

Second Conjugation

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakiar	-r	lakiamur	-mur
Second Person	lakiares	-res	lakiastìné	-stìné
Third Person	lakiastur	-stur	lakiantur	-ntur

Third Conjugation

	kibom, kibobrə, kibose, kibothum to suffer
	Singular		Plural
First Person	kiboar	-r	kiboamur	-mur
Second Person	kiboares	-res	kiboastìné	-stìné
Third Person	kiboastur	-stur	kiboantur	-ntur

Fourth Conjugation

	majum, majubrə, majulse, majulthum to poison
	Singular		Plural
First Person	majuar	-r	majuamur	-mur
Second Person	majuares	-res	majuastìné	-stìné
Third Person	majuastur	-stur	majuantur	-ntur

Fifth Conjugation

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décar	-r	décamur	-mur
Second Person	décares	-res	décastìné	-stìné
Third Person	décastur	-stur	décantur	-ntur

Imperfect Passive Subjunctive

Forming an Imperfect Passive Subjunctive

Take the second principal part of the verb, remove the "ə", and add 5th conjugation present passive indicative endings.

In 5th conjugation, change the stem vowel to "è", as well.

First Conjugation

	dam, dabrə, daxe, dathum to give
	Singular		Plural
First Person	dabrèr	-èr	dabrèmur	-èmur
Second Person	dabrèris	-èris	dabrèstìné	-èstìné
Third Person	dabrèstur	-èstur	dabruntur	-untur

Second Conjugation

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakibrèr	-èr	lakibrèmur	-èmur
Second Person	lakibrèris	-èris	lakibrèstìné	-èstìné
Third Person	lakibrèstur	-èstur	lakibruntur	-untur

Third Conjugation

	xogom, xogobrə, xogose, xogothum to bite
	Singular		Plural
First Person	xogobrèr	-èr	xogobrèmur	-èmur
Second Person	xogobrèris	-èris	xogobrèstìné	-èstìné
Third Person	xogobrèstur	-èstur	xogobruntur	-untur

Fourth Conjugation

	majum, majubrə, majulse, majulthum to poison
	Singular		Plural
First Person	majubrèr	-èr	majubrèmur	-èmur
Second Person	majubrèris	-èris	majubrèstìné	-èstìné
Third Person	majubrèstur	-èstur	majubruntur	-untur

Fifth Conjugation

	décèm, décəbrə, déxe, décthum to say
	Singular		Plural
First Person	décèbrèr	-èr	décèbrèmur	-èmur
Second Person	décèbrèris	-èris	décèbrèstis	-èstìné
Third Person	décèbrèstur	-èstur	décèbruntur	-untur

Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Passive Indicative

Perfect Passive Subjunctive

Take the fourth principal part of the verb and add a present subjunctive form of "to be". The principal part will change according to gender and number.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakithos/a/um suam	Singular + suam	lakithí/á/a suamus	Plural + suamus
Second Person	lakithos/a/um suas	Singular + suas	lakithí/á/a suastis	Plural + suastis
Third Person	lakithos/a/um suast	Singular + suast	lakithí/á/a suant	Plural + suant

Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive

Take the fourth principal part of the verb and add an imperfect subjunctive form of "to be". The principal part will change according to gender and number.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular		Plural
First Person	lakithos/a/um eßèm	Singular + eßèm	lakithí/á/a eßèmus	Plural + eßèmus
Second Person	lakithos/a/um eßès	Singular + eßès	lakithí/á/a eßèstis	Plural + eßèstis
Third Person	lakithos/a/um eßèst	Singular + eßèst	lakithí/á/a eßunt	Plural + eßunt

Imperative Verbs

Imperative verbs in Coxirat are verbs that give commands.

Present Active Imperatives

Present active imperatives are simply saying, for instance, "give!" or "say!"

Regular Imperatives

Simply remove the "brə" from the second principal part for singular imperatives. For plural, replace the "brə" with "tá".

For fifth conjugation, replace the schwa with "è" for singular and with an "ì" for plural.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	laki!	lakitá!

Negative Imperatives

For singular, use nolblè plus an infinitive. For plural, use nolblìtá plus an infinitive.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	nolblè lakibrə!	nolblìtá lakibrə!

Second Person Future Active Imperatives

Regular Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stó for singular. For plural, add stótá. Be sure to make it clear via the context that you are giving a direct command to somebody else.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è".

They translate "you are to verb".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	lakistó	lakistótá

Negative Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stó for singular. For plural, add stótá. Be sure to make it clear via the context that you are giving a direct command to somebody else.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è".

Then, put "non" in front of the imperative you have formed.

They translate "you are not to verb".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	non lakistó	non lakistótá

Third Person Future Active Imperatives

Regular Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stó for singular. For plural, add ntó.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è" for singular and to "u" for plural.

They translate "is/are to verb".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	lakistó	lakintó

Negative Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stó for singular. For plural, add ntó.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è" for singular and to "u" for plural.

Then, add "non" before the imperative you have formed.

They translate "is/are not to verb".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	non lakistó	non lakintó

Present Passive Imperatives

Present passive imperatives are simply saying, for instance, "be given!" or "be hanged!"

Regular Imperatives

For singular, imply take the second principal part of the verb, changing the "ə" to "ó". For plural, use the 2nd person plural present passive indicative form of the verb.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	lakibró!	lakistìné!

Negative Imperatives

For singular, use "nolblè" plus the present passive infinitive. For plural, use "nolblìtá" plus the present passive infinitive.

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	nolblè lakibré!	nolblitá lakibré!

Second Person Future Passive Imperatives

Regular Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stor for singular. For plural, add stortá. Be sure to make it clear via the context that you are giving a direct command to somebody else.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è".

They translate "you are to be verbed".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	lakistor	lakistortá

Negative Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stor for singular. For plural, add stortá. Be sure to make it clear via the context that you are giving a direct command to somebody else.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è".

Then, put "non" in front of the imperative you have formed.

They translate "you are not to be verbed".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	non lakistor	non lakistortá

Third Person Future Passive Imperatives

Regular Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stor for singular. For plural, add ntor.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è" for singular and to "u" for plural.

They translate "is/are to verb".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	lakistor	lakintor

Negative Imperatives

Find the stem of the infinitive and add stor for singular. For plural, add ntor.

For fifth conjugation, change the schwa in the stem to "è" for singular and to "u" for plural.

Then, add "non" before the imperative you have formed.

They translate "is/are not to verb".

	lakim, lakibrə, lakiwe, lakithum to stab
	Singular	Plural
Imperative	non lakistor	non lakintor

Irregular Verbs

sum

Participles

	sum, eßə, fue, futhurum to be
	Participle
Present Active	eßèns
Perfect Active	futhé, -é, -è
Future Active	futhuros, -a, -um

Participles

Participles are verbal adjectives.

Present Active

To form a present active participle:

• Add "ns" to the 2nd principal part stem of the verb.
• Change "ns" to "nt" and add 3rd declension endings when the participle is not nominative singular.
• For fifth conjugation, change the schwa to "è" before forming a participle.

EXAMPLE: dans = giving

Present Passive

To form a present passive participle:

• Add "f" to the 2nd principal part stem of the verb.
• Change "f" to "v" and add 3rd declension endings when the participle is not nominative singular.
• For fifth conjugation, change the schwa to "è" before forming a participle.

EXAMPLE: daf = being given

Perfect Active

To form a perfect active participle:

• Obtain the 4th principal part stem
• Add 5th declension endings to the stem.

EXAMPLE: dathé = having given

Perfect Passive

To form a perfect passive participle:

• Obtain the 4th principal part stem
• Add 1st or 2nd declension endings depending on gender.

MASCULINE: abulos dathos = the boy having been given
FEMININE: ajé datha = the eye having been given
NEUTER: hagwud dathum = the bath having been given

Future Active

To form a future active participle:

• Take the 4th principal part stem
• Add "ur" and 5th declension endings.

EXAMPLE: dathuré = about to give

Gerundives

To form a gerundive:

• Take the 4th principal part stem
• Add "ur" and 1st or 2nd declension endings depending on gender.

MASCULINE: abos dathuros = the man to be given 
FEMININE: abula dathura = the girl to be given 
NEUTER: glérum dathurum = the rum to be given

If a gerundive is coupled with a form of "to be", it translates "must verb".

Agents

Agents are people or things that perform verbs. They translate "verber". or "thing that verbs".

Forming an Agent

Masculine Agents

To form a masculine agent:

• Go to the 4th principal part
• Obtain the stem
• Add -or for nominative singular.
• Add -or and 3rd declension endings for other forms.

EXAMPLE: docthor = [male] teacher (from docəbrə, to teach)

Feminine Agents

To form a feminine agent:

• Go to the 4th principal part
• Obtain the stem
• Add -riks for nominative singular.
• Add -rik and 3rd declension endings for other forms.

EXAMPLE: docthriks = [female] teacher (from docəbrə, to teach)

Neuter Agents

To form a neuter agent:

• Go to the 4th principal part
• Obtain the stem
• Add -ur for nominative singular.
• Add -ur and 3rd declension endings for other forms.

EXAMPLE: docthur = thing that teaches (from docəbrə, to teach)

Mixed Gender Agents

If you are talking about agents of mixed genders:

• Go to the 4th principal part
• Add -r and 4th declension plural endings.

EXAMPLE: docthrú = teachers

Gerunds

Gerunds are verbal nouns.

A Gerund Referring to an Innumerable Act or Act Happening at the Time Narrated

These can be tricky to form.

Go to the fourth principal part, and add a "uo" after the second consonant following the first vowel. If there is no second consonant following the first vowel, then just replace the "os" with "uo".

EXAMPLE:

haio, haiabrə, haiaxe, haiathos - to shout
haiathuo - shouting (that is going on currently or at the time narrated)

Sixth Declension

These gerunds decline their own way, with their own declension, 6th declension.

	dathuo, dathuós giving m.
	Singular
Nominative	dathuo	–uo
Genitive	dathuós	-uós
Dative	dathuó	-uó
Accusative	dathuom	–uom
Ablative	dathuò	–uò
Locative	dathuòm	-uòm

A Gerund Referring to a Countable Act

Take the fourth principal part and use 4th declension endings.

EXAMPLE:

haio, haiabrə, haiaxe, haiathos - to shout
haiathus, haiathús m. - shout

Forming a Gerund Referring to a Concept

To form a gerund that refers to something as a concept or a subject, take the 2nd principal part stem of the verb. If the verb belongs to the fifth conjugation, replace the schwa in the resulting stem to "è".

Then, add -ks for nominative singular. For the other forms, add -kt and 3rd declension endings.

All gerunds are neuter.

EXAMPLE: Megèks cinum est. = Reading is good.
EXAMPLE: Currèks me worthum fexe. = Running made me tired.
EXAMPLE: Lós abulós worèst sìpèktis. = The boys are tired of writing.

Example text

Once, I found a black fish swimming in the ocean. This fish was so strange that I watched it for a long time. Perhaps it became tired of my staring, because it swam away from me. Afterwards, I never saw that fish again.

monèm, egó nivrum lángum marbantìm in oceà twìkse. hoc lángus sìt ta skébos ké eum spectaxí brégú. Fliktagì us facthos est woros meí vérsuós, gèd marbaxet e me. pèscujam, nùcujam vilulse ilum lángum jurnéum.

Coxirat Names

Surnames

Amaf = loved, being loved.

Condros = friend.

Dans = giving.

Lupos = wolf.

Dictionary

Nouns

Cóxiránia, Cóxirániá f. - Coxirania

Cóxirat, Cóxirat c. - Person from Coxirania (indeclinable)

gèndoi, gèndoinis m. - male bird

gèndió, gèndiónis f. - female bird

saskoi, saskoinis m. - male frog

saskió, saskiónis f. - female frog

lángus, lángús m. - male fish

lánga, lángá f. - female fish

thendos, thendí m. - male cat

thenda, thendá f. - female cat

moros, morí m. - male dog

mora, morá f. - female dog

vertad, vertadis f. - truth, reality

saluad, saluadis f. - health, safety

voz, vosis m. - voice

lez, lesis m. - law

pontifez, pontifesis m. - priest

quintessèntia, quintessèntiá f. - epitome, quintessence

sècúritad, sècúritadis f. - security, safety

dèmòcrasad, dèmòcrasadis f. - democracy

mélez, mélesis m. - army (not to be confused with méles, mélitis m. - soldier)

cornud, cornús n. - horn

gènud, gènús n. - knee

lájud, lájús n. - game

késcus, késcús m. - oak tree

fles, fleris n. - kind, sort, type

crúz, crúsis f. - cross

júventuad, júventuadis f. - youth

larzad, larzadis f. - slavery (from larzam - I serve)

mátriks, mátrikis f. - matrix

mes, meris n. - right (ex. mera húmana = human rights)

arbol, arbolis m. - tree

labol, labolis m. - work, labor

amol, amolis m. - love

terrol, terrolis m. - terror

horrol, horrolis m. - horror

candol, candolis m. - candor

armol, armolis m. - armor

pavol, pavolis m. - panic

véga, végá M. - year

Verbs

langim, langibrə, langive, langithos - condemn

dam, dabrə, daxe, dathos - give

fèllum, fèllubrə, fèllulse, fèllultos - lead

bulam, bulabrə, bulaxe, bulathos - walk

currèm, currəbrə, cucurre, cursos - run

megèm, megəbrə, mekse, mekthos - read

jumim, jumibrə, jumive, jumithos - sleep

bangom, bangobrə, bangose, bangothos - live

edum, edubrə, edulse, edulthos - eat

lágam, lágabrə, lágaxe, lágathos - sit

mégam, mégabrə, mégaxe, mégathos - stand

spectam, spectabrə, spectaxe, spectathos - watch

adpunim, adpunibrə, adpunixe, adpunithos - attack

punim, punibrə, punixe, punithos - fight

strèkèm, strèkəbrə, strèkse, strèkthos - punish

ladom, ladobrə, ladose, ladothos - speak

agitam, agitabrə, agitaxe, agitathos - hunt

mallim, mallibrə, mallixe, mallithos - laugh

vidum, vidubrə, vidulse, vidulthos - to see

docèm, docəbrə, docue, docthos - to teach

docèm, docəbrə, docue, docthos - to teach

worèst, worəbrə, woruet - to make tired (impersonal verb)

bornast, bornabrə, bornaxet - to rain (impersonal verb)

krábust, krábubrə, krábulset - to snow (impersonal verb)

clovèst, clov ∂br∂ , clovuet - to embarrass (impersonal verb)

púrkast, púrkabr∂, púrkaxet - to disgust, to gross out (impersonal verb)

vidur, vidubré, vidulthos sum - to seem (DEPONENT)

sedor, sedobré, sedothos sum, sedothoios - to follow (DEPONENT)

lahèr, lahé, laktos sum - to grow (DEPONENT)

hànur, hànubré, hàntos sum - to fall (DEPONENT)

tértèr, térté, térßos sum, térßoios - to send (DEPONENT)

wègor, wègobré, wègothos sum, wègothoios - to touch (DEPONENT)

mentir, mentibré, mentithos sum, mentithoios - to lie (DEPONENT)

'ode', osos - to hate (DEFECTIVE, IRR.)

mèmìne - to remember (DEFECTIVE, IRR.)

coipe, coipthos - to have begun (DEFECTIVE)

Adjectives

cinos, -a, -um - good

gilior, -iiks, -iur - better

ìjémos, -a, -um - very good, best, excellent

malidos, -a, -um - smart (more "clever" or "cunning")

calsmos, -a, -um - smart (more "intelligent")

culvos, -a, -um - smart (more "wise" or "knowledgeable")

jazos, -a, -um - bad

pidior, -iiks, -iur - worse

pasémos, -a, -um - very bad, terrible, worst

faros, -a, -um - fat

vévìndos, -a, -um - all

jole, -is, -ìm - young

mikile, -is, -ìm - thin

cános, -a, -um - old

dragile, -is, ìm - stupid

mage, -is, -ìm - large, great

maior, -iiks, -iur - larger, greater

maksemos, -a, -um - largest, greatest, very large, very great

ralos, -a, -um - small, little

bènior, -iiks, -iur - smaller

bènemos, -a, -um - smallest, very small

audaz, audaz, audaz (gen. audasis) - bold

feroz, feroz, feroz (gen. ferosis) - fierce

oiger, oigra, oigrum - ill, sick

saluz, saluz, saluz (gen. salusis) - well, healthy

mendaz, mendaz, mendaz (gen. mendasis) - deceitful

Adverbs

cujam - (1) how; (2) than

héc - at this place

hénc - from this place

húc - to this place

iléc - at that place

illénc - from that place

illúc - to that place

Interjections

	Coxirat Interjections
	English	Coxirat
Hey!	hey!	há!
Look!	look!	aki!
Oh no!	oh no!	ónù!
Ugh!	ugh!	haah!
OK!	OK!	cínú!
Hurray!	hurray!	iúwa!
Darn!	Darn!	langi!
Aww!	aww!	ò!
Oh!	oh!	ó!
Um…	um…	èn…