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SIDENOTE[]
The language is in progress, so don't interpret the state of the pages as it was shitpost, also I am new and don't speak English natively, so if you can help me with translations, you can modify the page or ask me. - MS
Tennoqa: Japanese-like sylable stucture, analytical
Artra:mutation, short and long vowels, fusional.
Vwal: Only one vowel, aglutinative
Traditia:multiple versions of the same consonants, Ditavqxaj-like grammar
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal/
Velar |
Uvular | Glotal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosives | p, b | t, d | k, g | q,qg/ɢ/ | |||
Nasals (and r's) | m | n, (ɾ, r beetween vowels) r | ny /ɲ/ | qn /ɴ/, qr /ʀ/ | |||
Fricatives (+aproximant's) | f, v, w | z /θ/ | s, l | x /ʃ/ | y /j/ | j /χ/ | h |
Obstruents | Sonorants | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frontal | p | b | t | d | m | n | r | f | v | s | h | w |
Dorsal | k | g | q | ɢ /qg/ | ɲ /ny/ | ɴ /qn/ | ʀ /qr/ | θ /z/ | l | ʃ /x/ | χ /j/ | j /y/ |
Vowels[]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i · ï /y/ | u | |
Mid | e /e̞/ | ë /ə/ | o /o̞/ |
Low | a /ä/ · ä /ɒ̈/ |
ë /ə/ can't have any dipthongs:
a | e | i | o | u | ï | ä | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | X | ae | ai | ao | au | aï | X |
e | ea | X | ei | eo | eu | eï | eä |
i | ia | ie | X | io | iu | X | iä |
o | oa | oe | oi | X | ou | oï | X |
u | ua | ue | ui | uo | X | X | uä |
ï | aï | eï | X | oï | X | X | X |
ä | X | äe | äi | X | äu | X | X |
Allophony[]
All alophonic rules are optionals, so also can be called Allophonic Dialectal Rules (ADR)
Voice Assimilation (VA)[]
A voiced sound before a voiceless one, voiced the second sound
Prenasalize Plosives (PNP)[]
A nasal-plosive sequence, articulates as a prenasalize stop regardless of voice
Aproximant-Vowel Interchanges (AVI)[]
Plosives and fricatives cause i, ï and u to mutate into y and w and can be palatalaizator and labializators
Before VA | After VA | Before PNP | After PNP | Before AVI | After AVI | After AVI+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[np] | [nb] | mp | mp | pi | py | |
[nt] | [nd] | mb | mb | pu | pw | pw |
[nf] | [nv] | nt | nt | si | sj | |
[ns] | [nz] | nd | nd | su | sw | sw |
[lk] | [lg] | nyk | ɲk | ki | kj | ky |
[lq] | [lɢ] | nyg | ɲg | ku | kw | |
[lθ] | [lð] | qn'q | ɴq | ji | jy | jy |
[lʃ] | [lʒ] | qn'qg | ɴɢ | ju | jw | |
[lχ] | [lʁ] |
Phonotactics[]
The sylable structure is (O)(S)V(S)(O), when O stands for Obstruents, S is for Sonorants. V stand for vowel.
Some sylables have more than one vowel, creating a dipthong, that's because a sylable with no coda and another with no onset, merge together.
The maximum intervocalic consonant number is 3.
Also, the language has a feature called "place harmony":
It dishtinguish beetween Frontal and Dorsal consonants and syllables can't have both types of consonants at once
This cause that any prefix or sufix that have a consonant, to have two versions: A Frontal and a Dorsal
Grammar[]
"Nouns"[]
Inflections[]
All nouns doesn't inflect for number, gender or person. Instead there can have a article before than instead get's the inflection.
Cl. | Nm. | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ps. | Gd. | Md. | M | N | F | M | N | F |
1º | E | I | qaqnonyi | qaqnonyijo | qaqnonyij | qaqnonyija | ||
N | nonyi | nonyijo | nonyij | nonyija | ||||
F | fanonyi | fanonyijo | fanonyij | fanonyija | ||||
I | I | pesonye | pesonyejo | pesonyej | pesonyeja | |||
N | sonye | sonyejo | sonyej | sonyeja | ||||
F | fasonye | fasonyejo | fasonyej | fasonyeja | ||||
2º | I | qeqro | qeqrï | qeqra | qeqrïjo | qeqrïj | qeqrïja | |
N | ergo | ergï | erga | ergïjo | ergïj | ergïja | ||
F | zeqro | zeqrï | zeqra | zeqrïjo | zeqrïj | zeqrïja | ||
3º | I | perabfa | pedïtav | pededev | perabfaso | pedïtavuj | pededevuja | |
N | rabfa | dïtav | dedev | rabfaso | dïtavuj | dedevuja | ||
F | zeqragfa | fadïtav | fadedev | fadïtavujo | fadïtavuj | fadedevuja | ||
4º (Art.) | I | qeqgëxo | qeqgëx | qeqgëxa | qeqgëjo | qeqgëj | qeqgëja | |
N | eqgëxo | eqgëx | eqgëxa | eqgëjo | eqgëj | eqgëja | ||
F | zeqgëxo | zeqgëx | zeqgëxa | zeqgëjo | zeqgëj | zeqgëja |
Derivation[]
Nouns can also be adverbs and both can be verbs or adjetives with the apropiate sufix
[-(u)ʃ, -(u)t ] "-(u)x, -(u)t" - Noun to Verb
[-(o)q, -(o)h] "-(o)q, -(o)h" - Noun to Adjective
Animacy[]
There are 8 types of animacy, each name will have a animacy class, but if the animacy class is needed to be other than the animacy it has, you can add prefixes to the referent:
A. Type | Frontal | Dorsal |
---|---|---|
Ethereal | -izq | -ist |
Syntetic | -ilq | -ivt |
Elemental | -izk | -ifp |
Behaviourus | -ast | -axk |
Kinetic | -ahp | -ajk |
Person | -asd | -axg |
Unknowed (Eth,Syn,Elm) | -uzq | -uft |
Unknowed (Bhv,Knt,Prs) | -usp | -uxp |
Cases[]
Note: the Genitives can co-occur with other cases, the Genitive Suffix is put after the Nom., Acc., Sce., or Dat. Suffixes
Before Verb | After Verb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
F | D | F | D | |
Nominative | -ø | -(a)h | -(a)j | |
Scenic | -ø | -(u)n | -(u)qn | |
Acusative | -(e)f | -(e)z | -ø | |
Benefive/Dative | -(i)m | -(i)l | -ø | |
Relative Genitive | -(o)t | -(o)q | -(o)t | -(o)q |
Absolutive Genitive | -(o)b | -(o)g | -(o)b | -(o)g |
Numerals[]
Numbers from 0 to 30 are transcribed with an standard, ordinal, focal ordinal (if is one) or a declarative number.
Numbers from 31 to 900 are transcribed using the prefix of the first digit and the second number's word, also the class are indicated using the second number's class, an exception being the numbers that end in 0.
Numbers from 900 up to infinity are transcribed with prefixing the first number's prefix with a prefix depending on the relative importance of the digit (30->3*10->tepit-), do the same with the next until the non-transcribed part is less than 900 unless it ends in 0.
[of, oθ] "-(o)f, -(o)z" - Invert Suffix
DEC | TRGSM | Prefixes | Standart | Ordinal/Focal Ordinal | Declarative | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
00 | 0 /zero/ | id- | ides | idesan (last) | ideso | |
01 | 1 /one/ | qi- | qiti | qial | qiaqna | qito |
02 | 2 /two/ | bi- | biqo | bian | biama | biqolo |
03 | 3 /three/ | te- | teqo | tean | teama | teqolo |
04 | 4 /four/ | fu- | fuqo | fuan | fuma | fuqolo |
05 | 5 /five/ | pi- | pipeh | pipan | pima | pipeho |
06 | 6 /six/ | peqi- | peqiti | peqal | peqito | |
07 | 7 /seven/ | pebi- | pebiqo | pebin | pebiqolo | |
08 | 8 /eigth/ | pete- | peteqo | peten | peteqolo | |
09 | 9 /nine/ | pefu- | pefuqo | pefun | pefuqolo | |
10/A | α /alpha/ | si- | sasig | sasin | samat | sasigo |
11/B | β /vita/ | saqi- | saqiti | saqil | saqito | |
12/C | γ /gamma/ | sabi- | sabiqo | sabin | sabiqolo | |
13/D | δ /ithelta/ | sate- | sateqo | saten | sateqolo | |
14/E | ε /epsilon/ | safu- | safuqo | safun | safuqolo | |
15/F | η /heta/ | mipit- | mipitga | miisive | miisivian | mipitgo |
16/G | Θ /thata/ | miqi- | miqiti | miqil | miqito | |
17/H | ζ /zeta/ | mibi- | mibiqo | mibil | mibiqolo | |
18/I | ι /eeota/ | mite- | miteqo | miten | miteqolo | |
19/J | κ /kapa/ | mifu- | mifuqo | mifun | mifuqolo | |
20/K | λ /landa/ | ala- | jalaqn | jal | jalija | jalo |
21/L | ξ /gi/ | jaqi- | jaqiti | jaqil | jaqito | |
22/M | ρ /row/ | jagi- | jagiqo | jagil | jagiqolo | |
23/N | Π /pi, pie/ | jaqe- | jaqeko | jaqel | jaqekolo | |
24/O | σ /sigma/ | jazu- | jazuqo | jazul | jazuqolo | |
25/P | τ /taf/ | nyi- | lanyita | lanyil | lanyaq | lanyito |
26/Q | υ /upsilon/ | laqi- | laqiti | laqil | laqito | |
27/R | φ /fii/ | lagi- | lagiqo | lagil | lagiqolo | |
28/S | ψ /psii/ | laqe- | laqeko | laqel | laqekolo | |
29/T | ω /owmega/ | lazu- | lazuqo | lazul | lazuqolo | |
30 | 10 /tent/ | pit- | pitga | isive | isivian | pitgo |
900 | 100 /hundret/ | bipit- | bipitga | biisive | bipitgo | |
27000 | 1000 /thousant/ | tepit- | tepitga | teisive | tepitgo | |
729000000 | 1000000 /milliont/ | kal- | kalqla | itgli | itgliqa | kalqlo |
531441 · 1012 | 10γ /jamhyperion/ | gikal- | xagikalqla | sabitgli | xagikalqlo | |
282429536481 · 1024 | 10σ /sigmyperion/ | zukal- | jazukalqla | jazuq'gli | jazukalqlo | |
79766443076872509863361 · 1048 | 101ι /ultyperion/ | ulka- | ulkalqla | uliq'gli | ulikgliqa | ulkalqlo |
Adjectives[]
All the Adjectives are derivate with the "Noun to Adjectives" suffix, the conjugation of Adjectives uses a particle, so if many adjectives have some derivation properties, the particle comes after the last in the chain, used as postpositions.
Singular | Paucal | Plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | ø | - | + | ø | - | + | ø | - | ||
Positive / ø | iqa | iqo | iqu | ona | onu | one | era | ero | eru | |
Comparative | Superior | iqaqn | iqoqn | iquqn | onan | onun | onen | eran | eron | eron |
Equal / ø | iqaqr | iqoqr | iquqr | onar | onur | oner | erar | eror | eror | |
Inferior | iqayu | iqoya | iquya | onawe | onuwe | onewa | erawe | erowe | erowe | |
Excesive | iqaj | iqoj | iquj | onah | onuh | oneh | erah | eroh | eroh |
Adjective
Meaning |
Singular | Pacual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | (Agreed) | some... | many... |
Plural | one... | few... | (Agreed) |
Verbs[]
All the verbs are derivate with the "Noun to Verb" suffix, also the verbs can inflect by tense and verbal mood
Word | Article
Incorporation |
Primary Sufixes | Question
Sufixes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base Verb | LMS | Vowel Sufix | Mood & Aspect |
Verbal Derivation or Locativity Meaning Suffixes (LMS)[]
It used like phasal verbs
Frontal | Dorsal | Origin Frontal | Origin Dorsal | Destiny Frontal | Destiny Dorsal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forward | -for- | -zoqr- | -fortas- | -zoqrqax- | -formu- | -zoqrnyu- |
Backward | -bat- | -gaq- | -batas- | -gaqax- | -batmu- | -gaqnyu- |
At | -ner- | -qneqr- | -nertas- | -qneqrqax- | -nermu- | -qneqrnyu- |
Away | -weit- | -yeiq- | -weitas- | -yeiqax- | -weitmu- | -yeiqny- |
Clockwise | -tvais- | -qlaix- | -tvaistas- | -qlaixqax- | -tvaismu- | -qlainyu- |
C.clockwise | -tvait- | -qlaik- | -tvaitas- | -qlaikqax- | -tvaitmu- | -qlaiknyu- |
Left | -vet- | -leq- | -vetas- | -leqax- | -vetmu- | -lenyu- |
Rigth | -rit- | -qrik- | -ritas- | -qriqax- | -ritmu- | -qriknyu- |
Up | -ap- | -aq- | -aptas- | -aqax- | -apmu- | -anyu- |
Down | -dau- | -gau- | -dautas- | -gauqax- | -daumu- | -gaunyi- |
Amorfous | -mor- | -nyoqr- | -mortas- | -nyoqrqax- | -mormu- | -nyoqrqnu- |
Lineal | -nar- | -qnaqr- | -nartas- | -qnaqrqax- | -narmu- | -qnaqrnyu- |
Article Incorporation
Articles can become incorporated inside the verb only to mark the subject
Frontal | Dorsal | |
---|---|---|
1º Exclusive | -noni- | -nyonyi- |
1º Inclusive | -sone- | -xonye- |
2º | -eqrgï- | -erdï- |
3º Masculine | -rabfa- | -qragza- |
3º Neuter | -dïtav- | -qgïqal- |
3º Femenine | -dedev- | -gegel- |
4º | -edës- | -egëx- |
-q(a)-, -p(e)- - Informal Suffix
-z(e)-, -f(a)- - Formal Suffix
-(u)j, -(u)h - Plural Suffix
-o, -a - Masculine and Feminine Suffix.
Vowel Suffix[]
The first thing that is necessary to do is to put a vowel suffix, marking tense, polarity and aspect.
Past | Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|
Positive Perfect | -é | -o/ø | -ua |
Positive Imperfect | -eï | -ï | -ue |
Negative Perfect | -í | -a | -ui |
Negative Imperfect | -iä | -u | -uo |
Mood & Cases[]
Then the verb is modified with a verbal Mood & Case suffix, the modal doesn't mark unless various vowel suffixes are needed (In the future, I won't look at the past=-uawí/uiwé)
Frontal | Dorsal | |
---|---|---|
Modal | -ø/w | -ø/y |
Near | -r | -qr /ʀ/ |
Far | -n | -qn /ɴ/ |
Imperative (Modal/Near/Far) | -f/-fr/-fn | -z/-zqr/-zqn |
Intentional/Subjuntive (Modal/Near/Far) | -h/-hr/-hn | -j/-jqr/-jqn |
Potential/Conditinal (Modal/Near/Far) | -s/-sr/-sn | -x/-xqr/-xqn |
Questionary Sufixes[]
In questions, you need to put a questionary suffix, -(o)tah, -(o)qaj.
Subjects and Objects[]
Base Syntagm[]
Optional | Obligatory | Optional | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Article | Numerals | Nucleus (Noun or Article) | Adjective/s | Relatives | |||||||
Mode | Base | Number | Genre | Prefixes | Base | Base | Animacy | Cases | Adjective | Sufix | Relative Adjetival Names (Syntagm) |
Relative Adjectival Names[]
If a word in a sentence is used as an adjective, the Absolute noun (a.k.a. the noun-like noun) is put in Absolute Genitive, while the Relative Noun (a.k.a. the adjective-like noun) is put in Relative Genitive.
Linking Templates[]
Some Base Syntagm or orations can be unified, using Linking conjunctions
Type | Word |
---|---|
Copulative (and) | dan |
Adversative (but) | baef |
Disyuntive (or) | rain |
Causative (because) | fikon |
Consecutive (so) | sewan |
Logical (then) | zonit |
Past Temporal (Before) | taihan |
Future Temporal (After) | dailan |
Additive (plus) | fawan |
Substractive (minus) | qanyik |
Multiplitive (by) | voït |
Distributive (divided by,
euclidean division) |
loïq |
Equalic (equals) | niwal |
Mayoric (mayor que) | mawon |
Menoric (menor que) | mewon |
Scene Describers[]
Circumstances in the language are expressed using Scenic Preposition (conjunction+Base Syntagm)
Type | Name | Word |
---|---|---|
Manner | With (Someone) | koqr |
With (Something) | kuiq | |
Place | In (Somewhere) | paliqn |
On (Somewhere, inside) | taliqn | |
Out (Somewhere, outside) | kajiqn | |
Time | When (time) | qenar |
Ago (time) | natan | |
Later (time) | jaqaj |
Word Order[]
In Ditavqxaj, the primary word order is SVO/SVIO/ESVIO.
However, voice and focus are conveyed changing the word order.
Word Order | None | Scene (E) | Subject (S) | Verb (V) | I. Object (I) | Object (O) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transitive Active Voice | ESVIO | EVSIO | SVEOI | VSIOE | IOESV | OVESI |
Transitive Pasive Voice | OIVES | EIOVS | SOVIE | VIOES | IEOVS | OIVSE |
Atransitive Active Voice | ESIV | ESVI | SVEI | VESI | IESV | |
Atransitive Pasive Voice | IVES | EIVS | SEIV | VIES | IEVS |
Writing System[]
Alphasylabary[]
In the Alphasylabary, there are 2 types of characters:
Unitals (1 consonants) characters.
Dual (2 consonants) characters.
| is a place holder for anything
The vowel diacritics are read bottom to top, a.k.a.: the top diacritics put his vowel after the consonant and the bottom diacritics put his vowel before the consonant.
Dual characters are formed by putting a "header" char. and a "final" char.