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| Name: Daineso
Type: Agglunative Alignment: Accusative-Ergative Head Direction: Final Number of genders: 4 Declensions: Yes Conjugations: Yes
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Setting[]
Phonology[]
Phonotactics[]
Basic Grammar[]
Nouns: No hetarām[]
Declensions[]
| Case | Daineso | Example | Example Text | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adessive |
-ē
|
ēkū "near the tree"
|
I went near the tree:
|
near; to be near; to be near to |
| Apudessive |
-ī
|
īkū "next to the tree"
|
I went next to the tree:
|
next; to be next to |
| Inessive |
-ō
|
ōkū "in the tree"
|
I went in the tree:
|
|
| Intrative |
-ū
|
ūkū "between the trees" (context: trees)
|
I went between 3 trees:
|
|
| Subessive |
-kā
|
kākū "under the tree"
|
I went under the tree:
|
|
| Superessive |
-ānē
|
ānēkū "on top of the tree"
|
I went on top of the tree:
|
|
| Elative |
-ga
|
gakū "out of the tree"
|
I went out of the tree:
|
|
| Allative |
-nā
|
nākū "to the tree"
|
I went to the tree: | |
| Illative |
-zā
|
zākū "into the tree"
|
I am going into the tree: | |
| Perlative |
-za
|
zaku "through the tree"
|
I went through the tree: | |
| Prosecutive |
-nēʻe
|
nēʻekū "across the tree"
|
I went across the tree: | |
| Contrative |
-rēha
|
rēhakū "against the tree"
|
I went against the tree: | |
| Conative |
-kī
|
kīkū "with the tree"
|
I went with the tree: | |
| Inconative |
-gī
|
gīku "without the tree"
|
I went without the tree: | |
| Antitive |
-ne
|
nekū "in front of the tree"
|
I went in front of the tree: | |
| Ablative |
-rehe
|
rehekū "from the tree"
|
I went from the tree |
Grammatical Definitiveness[]
The[]
(r 'basic noun', rū 'described noun')
Basic:
[The bicycle moves: Baikikālar tuha]
Described:
[The bicycle is big: Nōli rū baikikāla]
[The big bicycle moves: Baikikālarū nōli tuha]
A[]
(ø 'basic noun', moh/ ø ˈdescribed nounˈ)
Basic:
[A bicycle moves: Baikikāla tuha]
Described:
[A bicycle is big: Nōli moh baikikāla]
[A big bicycle moves: Baikikāla nōli tuha]
Grammatical Number[]
Singular[]
(ø)
Puacal[]
(ō ˈbasic nounˈˌ moki ˈbasic noun with determinerˈˌ dū ˈdescribed nounˈˌ lohakā ˈdescribed noun with determinerˈ)
[Few bicycles move: Ō baikikāla tuha]
[Those few bicycles move: Moki baikikāla tuha īma]
[Few bicycles are big: Nōli dū baikikāla]
[These few big bicycles move: Lohakā baikikāla nōli tuha mēneˈi]
Plural[]
(no ˈbasic nounˈˌ mau ˈbasic noun with determinerˈˌ mō 'described noun', tenī 'described noun with determiner')
[Bicycles move: No baikikāla tuha]
[Those certain bicycles move: Mau baikikāla tuha īma]
[Bicycles are big: Nōli mō baikikāla]
[These big bicycles move: Tenī baikikāla nōli tuha mēneˈi]
Grammatical Gender[]
In Daineso, there are two Main genders that can be used for most nouns.
The two genders are Natural and Neutral.
The sex-related genders are Masculine and Feminine.
Neuter is used for undescribed gender words like kid, baby, person, house, horse.
Natural is used for all item that aren't man-made like tree, grass, fire, ocean, and mountain.
Masculine is put on Neuter nouns when it is told as a male or male-like, like man, boy, male dog, fireman.
Feminine is put on Neuter nouns when it is told as a female like woman, girl, female pig, or nurse.
Verbs: No vābabo[]
Grammatical Voice[]
Active Voice[]
Past: -a
[I saw the deer: Mila otu keberīr]
Present: -a/ke, -taba
[I see the deer: Mila otu keberīr]
[I am starting to see the deer: Ke milataba otu keberīr]
Present Participle: -taba
[I am seeing the deer: Milataba otu keberīr]
Future: -e
[I will see the deer: Mile au keberīr]
Passive Voice[]
Past: ho, -a
[The deer was seen: Ho keberīr mila iā otu]
Present: neʻe, -a/ ho, -taba
[The deer gets to be seen: Neʻe keberīr mila iā otu]
[The deer is being seen: Ho keberīr mila iā otu]
Future: ho, -e
[The deer is going to be seen: Ho keberīr mile iā au]
Grammatical Person[]
- these words are used rarely in Daineso, but is included.
First-Person: -lu[]
I- au. otu
We (you and I) katē
We (he and I) ojēte
We (all of us) katuō
We (everyone but you) lautō
[We have toys: Fonalu ojēte no toir]
"We have toys: Fona ojēte no toir"
Second-Person: -kohe[]
You- ou
You (you two)- oulū
You (you three)- oukou
[You have toys: Fonakohe oulū no toir]
"You have toys: Fona oulū no toir"
Third-Person: -inakā[]
He- hehel
She- hamani
They (they two)- mimil
They (they three; them)- mokulē
[They have toys: Foninakā mokulē no toir]
"They have toys: Fona mokulē no toir"
Grammatical Mood[]
Indicative: Realis[]
Past: -a
Present: -a, -taba
Present Participle: -taba
Future: -e
Generic: Realis[]
To describe the generic mood is to put -kanā at either the end of the verb or the beginning of the sentence, depending on syntax.
[The deer is big: Nōli rū kebera/ Kanā nōli rū kebera]
Imperative: Irrealis[]
The imperative mood is basically -jo or -so at the end of the verb or beginning of the sentence.
[Move! Jo tuha ou!]
[Move! Ou tuhaso!]
Grammatical Aspect[]
Present Tense[]
Simple: ke, -a
[I eat: Ke koga otu]
Progressive: -taba
[I am eating: Kogataba otu]
Perfect: ho, -taba
[I have eaten: Ho kogataba otu]
Perfect Progressive: a, -taba *different syntax
[I have been eating: A otu kogataba]
Past Tense[]
Simple: -a
[I ate: Koga otu]
Progressive: hē. -taba
[I was eating: Hē kogataba otu]
Perfect: o, -taba
[I had eaten: O kogataba otu]
Perfect Progressive: ō, -taba
[I had been eating: Ō kogataba otu]
Future Tense[]
Simple: -e
[I will eat: Koge otu]
Progressive: e, -taba
[I will be eating: E kogataba otu]
Perfect: So, -taba
[I shall have eaten: So kogataba otu]
Perfect Progressive: Nu, -taba
[I shall have been eating: Nu kogataba otu]