Dongbuzenytihach

Dongbuzenytihach is the language spoken in the Dongbuzenytihav, an ocean located on the planet Baltus. The primary speakers are Encephalopods, inhabitants of the planet.

Dongbuzenytihach Dongbuzenytihach
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Priori
Head direction
Mostly Head-Initial
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Plosive/Affricate	unvoiced	p	t	t͡ɕ	k
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʑ	g
Fricative	sibilant		s	ɕ	(x͡ɕ)
	non-sibilant	f	θ̠		x
	voiced	v	z	ʑ
Approximant	central		ɹ	(j)	w
	lateral				ʟ

There is an undefined sound that is most similar to the "sj-sound" and is commonly considered a co-articulated [x] and [ɕ]. It is a relatively rare sound in the language.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y		u
Close-mid		ɘ	ɤ
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open	a

Writing system

Dongbuzenytihach, like many other Encephalopod languages, use a sophisticated combining script, referred outside of the planet as "Encephalopod script".

Transcription

a	b	ɕ	d	d͡ʑ	ɛ	ɘ	f	g	i	j	k	ʟ	m	n	ŋ
a	b	si	d	dzi	ä	e	f	g	i	j	k	l	m	n	ng
ɔ	p	ɹ	s	t	t͡ɕ	u	ɤ	v	w	x	x͡ɕ	y	z	ʑ	θ̠
o	p	r	s	t	ci	u	ŏ	v	w	h	hsi	y	z	zi	tt

Glyphs

Phonotactics

Thanks to the null glyphs, the phonotactics are more variable than the script could suggest. Some of the most common formations iinclude (CV)CVCV and CVCCV. The loanwords in the language can include a /j/.

Sound Changes

• /z/ becomes [s] before an unvoiced consonant and /s/ becomes [z] before a voiced consonant.
• /ɤ/ becomes [o] after /w/.
• Velar stops shift to palatal consonants before /i/, /y/.
• /ɹ/, /ʟ/ become [j], [ʎ] respectively before /i/, /y/.
• /i/, /y/ shift to [ɨ], [ʉ] after /w/.
• In many positions, /ʟ/ is realized as [ɫ].

Grammar

Dongbuzenytihach grammar is relatively complex, as the language is fusional

Verbs

Verbs conjugate according to mood, tense, person, number and aspect. Each verb has one of two endings, -oti and -iti. The vowels in the conjugation depend on the infinitive form's suffix and ending. <o> is often substituted by <e>, while <i> is replaced by <y> in the same positions. Verbs have an indicative mood with present, past and future tense, the latter two of which can have a perfective and an imperfective form, an interrogative mood, an imperative mood and past subjunctive mood.

The short verb oti (to be) has an own conjugation, although it mostly follows the conjugation pattern of -oti verbs. Oti has an archaic form that is ogoti, which reflects most changes in the conjugation.

Inf = resioti	Indicative					Interrogative	Imperative	Subjunctive
	Present	Past		Future				Past
		Perfective	Imperfective	Perfective	Imperfective
se	resiol	resiomal	resiomaleri	resiettol	resiettoleri	resiumse	-	resiepol
cia	resieze	resiomze	resiomzeri	resietteze	resiettezeri	resiumcia	resiez	resiepze
do	resieka	resiomaka	resiomakari	resiettaka	resiettakari	resiumdo	resiek	resiefka
sŏ/kyng	resieto	resiometo	resiometori	resiettel	resietteleri	resiumsŏ	resiet	resiefto
bon	resiezŏ	resiomzŏ	resiomzŏri	resiettezŏ	resiettezŏri	resiumbon	resiezwa	resiepzŏ
vim	resiekä	resiomakä	resiomakäri	resiettakä	resiettakäri	resiumvim	resiekwa	resiefkä

Inf = kaciti	Indicative					Interrogative	Imperative	Subjunctive
	Present	Past		Future				Past
		Perfective	Imperfective	Perfective	Imperfective
se	kacil	kacimal	kacimalori	kacittil	kacittilori	kaciumse	-	kacypol
cia	kacyze	kacimze	kacimzeri	kacittyze	kacittyzeri	kaciumcia	kacyz	kacypze
do	kacyka	kacimaka	kacimakari	kacittaka	kacittakari	kaciumdo	kacyk	kacyfka
sŏ/kyng	kacito	kacimito	kacimitori	kacittyl	kacittylori	kaciumsŏ	kacit	kacyfto
bon	kacyzŏ	kacimzŏ	kacimzŏri	kacittyzŏ	kacittyzŏri	kaciumbon	kacyzwa	kacypzŏ
vim	kacykä	kacimiakä	kacimiakäri	kacittykä	kacittykäri	kaciumvim	kacykwa	kacyfkä

Oti (Be verb)

Inf = oti	Indicative			Interrogative	Imperative	Subjunctive
	Present	Past	Future
se	ogol	omal	ettol	ogumse	-	ogepol
cia	eze	omze	etteze	ogumcia	ez	epze
do	ogeka	omaka	ettaka	ogumdo	ogek	ogefka
sŏ/kyng	eto	ometo	ettel	ogumsŏ	et	efto
bon	ezŏ	omzŏ	ettezŏ	ogumbon	ezwa	epzŏ
vim	ogekä	omakä	ettakä	ogumvim	ogekwa	ogefkä

Nouns

Nouns can have three suffixes: -a, -e, and -o. Their plural form is -ä, -ŏ and -u, respectively. A noun never ends in an open front vowel, unless it is a loanword, in which case it does not conjugate.

Declination	Example word root	Singular suffix	Plural suffix	Singular	Plural
1st declination	fŏr- (unit of capacity)	-a	-ä	fŏra	fŏrä
2nd declination	goh- (tentacle)	-o	-u	goho	gohu
3rd declination	däziv- (an animal)	-e	-ŏ	däzive	däzivŏ

Adjectives

Adjectives form the same declesion pattern as their respective nouns. The following table declines the root "wisios-", "slimy". Adjectives are pre-nominal, meaning that they come before the noun they are referring to.

Declination	Singular suffix	Plural suffix	Singular	Plural
1st declination	-a	-ä	wisiosa	wisiosä
2nd declination	-o	-u	wisioso	wisiosu
3rd declination	-e	-ŏ	wisiose	wisiosŏ

Articles

There are no indeterminative articles. Determinative articles have 6 forms, depending on the noun referred to.

	SIngular	Plural
1st	ra	rä
2nd	ro	ru
3rd	re	rŏ

Adpositions

Adpositions in Dongbuzenytihach are prepositions, since the language is majorly head-initial. Some prepositions include: cio/ciu (to), nge/ngŏ (from), ze/zŏ (of), tta/ttä (because of) and po/pu (by, using). Historically, these prepositions were prefixes, but they slowly started to detach and transformed into separate particles.

Syntax

Word order

The word order is commonly SVO. Absence of cases makes this rule relatively strict, however an SOV sentence is still intelligible to any speaker, despite not being encouraged by experts on the language.

Lexicon

See Dongbuzenytihach/Vocabulary.