Purpose[]
Creative Constraints[]
no 'from thin air' affixes.
Sound changes and grammatical evolution, hoo boy!
We've reached mud!
Intended Use[]
Evolve into the Old languages and start some preliminary branching.
Changes from Proto Attran (in order)[]
First Shift[]
- intervocalic h becomes ʔ
- vowels between ts, s, or x and ʔ become ə
- ə between consonants are lost
- tsʔ, sʔ, xʔ become ts', s', x'
- iː breaks into ji in unstressed syllables
- io and iä become jo and jä in unstressed syllables
- word final i is lost
- regular words derived from names beginning with l' have their initial click change to θ instead of ts or s
(the first instances of writing date back to just prior the second shift, mostly as pictograms)[]
Second Shift[]
- names derived from words beginning with θ begin with l' in all environments
- word final ä becomes ə
- ä between stops becomes ə
- intervocalic t, c, k, ts, s, x become d, ɟ, g, dz, z, ɣ
- intervocalic t', c', k' ts', s', x' become t, c, k, ts, s, x
- word internal unstressed tsj, dzj, sj, zj, xj, ɣj palatalize to tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ, ç, and the j in these sequences is is lost
(the first glyphs with modern descendants date back to this era, carved into stone)[]
Phonology[]
Inventory[]
Consonants[]
| Dental | Alveolar | Post Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Stops | t, d | c, ɟ | k, g | ʔ | ||
| Affrictes | ts, dz | tʃ, dʒ | ||||
| Fricatives | θ | s, z | ʃ, ʒ | ç, ʝ | x, ɣ | h |
| Approximant | ɹ | j | ||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ʟ | ||||
Clicks[]
Elder Attran's click inventory has expanded to match its expanded regular consonants, and due to name-clicking voiced clicks appear.
| Consonant | Click |
|---|---|
| n | ᵑǃ |
| ɲ | ᵑǂ |
| ŋ | ᵑʞ |
| t | ǃ |
| d | ǃ̬ |
| c | ǂ |
| ɟ | ǂ̬ |
| k | ʞ |
| g | ʞ̬ |
| ts | l' or ǃ |
| dz | l'̬ or ǃ̬ |
| tʃ | ǃ |
| dʒ | ǃ̬ |
| θ | l' |
| s | l' |
| z | l'̬ |
| ʃ | ǃ |
| ʒ | ǃ̬ |
| ç | ǂ |
| ʝ | ǂ̬ |
| x | ʞˣ |
| ɣ | ʞˠ̬ |
| h | ʞˀ |
| ɹ | ǃ˞ |
| j | ǂʲ |
| l | ǁ |
| ʟ | ʞˡ |
Vowels[]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ||
| Close-mid | o | ||
| Mid | ə | ||
| Open | ä |
Syllable Structure[]
Sequences[]
Stress[]
Syntax[]
Roots[]
Nouns[]
| Elder Attran | English translation |
|---|---|
| tsɹoil | a ball, a rounded or bead-like object, a droplet, a faint sweet taste (such as honey lingering in the teeth) |
Pronouns[]
Adjectives[]
| Elder Attran | English |
|---|---|
| tsɹoil | round, of or resembling an orb or ovoid, beaded with water or other fluid on its surface |