Engelish

Angelish or Judeo-English (אנגעליש) ֵor (גיודיש אנגעליש) is a west germanic spoken con-language originating from Medieval England. It is a direct descendant of the Anglo-Saxon/Old English Language, which the Modern English Language also comes from. It is closely related to Modern British English, Scots, and to a degree Yiddish.

Do to it developing along side Modern English, Angelish maintains a very similar structure to english with pronunciation almost Identical to Scots, however unlike Modern English, Angelish managed to maintain many pre-Norman germanic features, phonemes, and inflections that did not survive into Modern English. Angelish Vocabulary is almost completely germanically based with a handful of Hebrew, Yiddish, and Aramaic loanwords.

It is named after the Angles or Anglo-Saxons who were germanic tribes that migrated to the British isles long ago

In many Jewish communities the Hebrew writing system was adapted for local languages, eventually separating into Jewish languages like Yiddish (from German), Ladino (from Spanish), or Judeo-Arabic. In the case of England, though, the entire Jewish community was expelled in 1290 by King Edward I, so a unique Jewish-English Language did not have the time to form. This Conlang is an attempt to rectify that wrong.

Angelish אנגעליש
Type
Alignment
Head direction
Tonal	No
Declensions	Yes
Conjugations	Yes
Genders	Yes
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect
Meta-information
Progress	0%
Statistics Nouns 0% Verbs 0% Adjectives 0% Syntax 0% Words ? of 1500
Creator	[[User:|]]

Classification and Dialects

Indo-European

• Germanic
  • West Germanic
    • Anglo-Frisian
      • Anglic
        • Angelish

Dialects

there are four main dialects of Angelish

• Lindonish (London Area)
• Nortish (Northern Dialect)
• Gemrish (Southwestern Dialect [Gemri from Welsh "Cymru" Wales])
• Yokshirish (Yorkshire Area)

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Epiglottal	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Plosive	p b			t d				k g
Fricative			θ (ð)	s z	ʃ			(x ɣ)
Affricate					tʃ (dʒ)
Approximant				l			j	w
Trill				r
Flap or tap
Lateral fric.
Lateral app.
Lateral flap

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
High	i y				u
Near-high
High-mid	e				o
Mid
Low-mid		ɛ	ɜ
Near-low					ʌ
Low			a		ɑ

Writing System

Letter	א a	אָ o	ב b	בֿ v	ג g	גֿ gh	ד d	דֿ dh	ה h	ו w	ז z	ט t
Sound	/a/	/ɔ/	/b/	/v/	/g/	/ɣ/	d	/ð/	/h/	/w/ /u/	/z/	/t/
Letter	י y	כ ch	ל l	מ ם m	נ ן n	ס s	ע e	פ p	פֿ f	צ ץ c	ק k	ר r
Sound	/i/ /j/	/x/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/s/	/e/	/p/	/f/	/tʃ/	/k/	/r/
Letter	ש sh	ת th	זֿ zh	דזֿ j
Sound	/ʃ/	/θ/	/ʒ/	/dʒ/

Grammar

Nouns

Nouns have 3 grammatical genders: Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter. However Neuter and Masculine have almost completely merged in modern speech. Furthermore, Nouns are declined by Case (Nominative, Accusative, and Dative). Genitive case has completely merged together and is indicated by the suffix -es (similar to English 's). The Strong and Weak classes have merged together, and are no longer differentiated.

Case	Masc		Neut		Fem
	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl
Nom	-	-as	-	-as	-	-es
Acc	-	-an	-	-an	-e	-en
Dat	-e	-en	-u	-an	-a	-en

Examples  engel (m) "Angel", Ship (n) "Ship", "Sun" (f) "Sun"

Case	Masc 'Engel'		Neut 'Ship'		Fem 'Sun'
	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl
Nom	engel	englas	ship	shippas	Sun	Sunnes
Acc	engel	engelan	ship	shippan	Sunne	Sunnen
Dat	engele	engelem	shippu	shippem	Sunna	Sunnen

Verbs

Angelish verbs follow a singular main conjugation pattern similar to german. The pattern follows the weak class of verbs which merged together with the strong class. Verbs are conjugated by Tense, Number, and Person. The future tense, like most germanic languages, is formed through compounding "wellan" (to want) with the infinitive verb (Just like in english). 

	Pres. Indicative	Past Indicative
1st	-	-ed
2nd	-est	-(e)dest
3rd	-eth	-(e)d
Plural	-ann/-ath	-end

Present Participle: -inge

Past Participle ye- _ -ed

	Present Subjunctive	Past Subjunctive	Imperative
Sg	-e*	-ede	-
Pl	-en*	-eden	-ath

*if there is a consonant at the end of the verb stem, the consonant is doubled. If there is a vowel at the end, a consonant approximate is placed after (a,e,i - y, o,u - w)

Example: Tikken - "To think"

	Pres. Indicative	Past Indicative
1st	Tikke	Tikked
2nd	Tikkest	Tikkdest
3rd	Tikketh	Tikked
Plural	Tikkann/Tikkath	Tikkend

Present Participle: Tikkinge

Past Participle Yetikked

	Present Subjunctive	Past Subjunctive	Imperative
Sg	tikke	tikkede	tikke
Pl	tikken	tikkeden	tikkath

To form more complex tenses such as Future, Present Progressive, and others, certain auxilliary (helper) verbs are added, usually with the preterite:

		Wellan (to want)	Haven (to have)	Haven (Past)	Been (to Be)	Wesen (To Be)	Wesen (Past)
1s		Well	Habe	Hadde	Bei	Am	Was
2s		Wellst	Hast	Hadst	Best	Ert	Were
3s		Welle	Hath	Had	Bith	Es	Was
1p		Wollen	Haven	Hadden	Beth	Are	Were
2p		Wollen	Haven	Hadden	Beth	Are	Wer
3p		Wollen	Haven	Hadden	Beth	Are	Wer

		Meyan (To be Able to)	Meyan (Past)
1s		Mey	Meyd
2s		Meyst	Meyd
3s		Mey	Meyd
1p		Meyen	Meyd
2p		Meyen	Meyd
3p		Meyen	Meyd

Adjectives

Adjectives are also declined in Engelish, however the dative and accusative cases have been merged, and the Neuter gender conjugations merged with the Masculine. 

	Masc/Neut	Fem	Plural
Nominative	-	-e	-en
Acc/Dat	-en	-an	-ra

Example: "Gud" (Good)

	Masc/Neut	Fem	Plural
Nominative	Gud	Gude	Guden
Acc/Dat	Guden	Gudan	Gudra

Personal Pronouns

Prn		Subject	Object (Acc+Dat)	Poss. Det.	Poss. Prn	Ref
1st		Ai	Mei	Mai	Main	Maiself
2nd		Thou	Thei	Thi	Thin	Thiself
3rdM		Hei	Hin	His	His	Hisself
3rdN		Hit	Hit	His	His	Hitself
3rdF		Shei	Hea	Hea	Hes	Heself
1stPl		Wi	Os	Or	Ores	Orself
2dPl		Yi	Yow	Yower	Yores	Yorself
3rdPl		Thei	Them	Heies	Hieres	Themself

Definite Articles and Demonstratives

The conjugation of definite article in Angelish has been significantly simplified. The definite article is inflected by Gender, number, and case. However, the Masculine and Neuter Genders merged, and the Accusative and Dative cases merged. 

To say "This", the words "This" (sg) and "Thies" (pl) are used. They're used for all cases and genders, and are no longer inflected

The,That,Those	Masc/Neut	Fem	Plural
Nom	Dhe/ That	Se	Tha
Acc/Dat	Dhem	Them	Them

Prepositions

Angelish	English	Angelish	English
After	After	Tow	to
Ear	Before, Ere	Togens	Against, Toward
At	At	Toward	Toward
Atgedher	Together	Thurch	Through
Anlong	Along	Onder	Under
Beften	Abaft, Behind	Ondernith	Underneath
Bai	By	Oppon	Upon
Befor	Before	Opp	Up
Beyond	Beyond	Uten	Out, Without
Behint	Behind	With	Against, With
Binnan	in, within	Withenen	Within
Benidh	Beneath, Below
Betwein	Between
Bov	Above
Bowt	Without, Except
Ek	Also
For	For, Because, Instead of
From	from
Eyond	Yonder, Through
In	in
Into	into
Nea	Near
Of	Of, From, Out of
Ofer	Over
On	On
Onbaot	About, Around
Ongin	opposite, against; towards; in reply to

Syntax

The Default Word Order is S-V-O (Subject-Verb-Object) like in Modern English. To form a question sentence, the Verb is then placed before the subject, like in German or sometimes English (example: Ert Thou Gud? vs Thou ert gud).

The Do-Verb support does exist in Engelish, most likely directly borrowed from Early Modern English, as texts before the 17th century did not have this. Still today the Do-support construction is considered informal. 

Lexicon

English	Angelish	English	Angelish
Who	הו
What	הוואט
Where	הווער
When	הווען
Why	הוואי
How	האו
Not	נעט
Yes	יא
No	נוֹו
Maybe	היטמעיבית
All	אל
Many	מעני/פֿיל
Some	סאם
Few	לאיט
Big	גדוֹל
Long	לוֹנגע
Wide	וויד/בראד
Thick	תיקקע
Heavy	העפי
Small	ליטל
Short	שורט
Narrow	נערו
Thin	תן
Woman	וועיףֿ
Man	מאן,ווער
Person	וואיכט
Child	צילד/בארן
Wife	וועיףֿ
Husband	הוֹסבונד
Mother	מוֹדֿער

Numbers

1 אן

2 טוועי

3 תריע

4 פֿוֹוער

5 פֿעיףֿ

6 סיקס

7 סעפן

8 עכט

9 נייען

10 טען