Lijaldanor

General information

Lijaldanor is the official language of Jalsor and one of the dominant languages of Greater Fradan. It is spoken as a native language by the Jaldanori people and borrowed as a script by the Rhuson language. The xenonym is simply a misheard romanization of the autoglossonym, Ligjaldanhor. Along with Rhuson, Fradan, and various extinct languages, Lijadanor constitutes the family of Northern Fridish languages. Of which, only Lijaldanor and Rhuson are more or less mutually intelligible.

Lijaldanor Ligjaldanhor
Type
Isolating
Alignment
Nominative-Accusative
Head direction
Initial
Tonal
No
Declensions
No
Conjugations
No
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

Lijaldanor is a rather simple language for a rather simple people, and its grammar certainly reflects that.

Phonology

As a simple language, the available sounds for Lijaldanor are rather limited; where most languages carry some sort of Plosive b or p sounds, Lijaldanor lacks them. Where most languages containing a t and a ʃ therefore allow for a "ch" sound, Lijaldanor does not. While strict as well as limited in consonants, Lijaldanor does offer leniency in the pronunciation of its vowels, allowing up to three different sounds to each represent a single letter. This, combined with its rudimentary grammar, permits the learner to attain a rather high level of proficiency in a fairly short period of time. The IPA tables for Consonants and Vowels are shown below.

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar/Postalveolar	Retroflex	Velar
Nasal	m		n
Plosive			t, d		k, g
Fricative		f, v	s, z, ʃ, ʒ
Approximant				ɻ
Flap or tap			ɾ
Lateral app.			l

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e̞	ə	o̞
Open		ä

Alphabet

Lijaldanor also refers to the script used to write it. The script is borrowed by the Rhuson language. For the sake of convenience, however, all lijaldanori words used in the remainder of this article will be spelled out using the roman latin alphabet.

"Ligjaldanhor"

Phonotactics

RULE: Suggi may not end with the letter "h".

RULE: The letter "h" is voiceless.

RULE: When "g" is the ending sound of a suggi, it is voiceless.

RULE: The letter "a" is often pronounced ə.

RULE: When "r" appears at the beginning of a suggi, it is ɾ. When it appears at the end of a suggi, it is ɻ.

RULE: If a suggi ending in "s" is followed by a suggi beginning with "j", the sound is ʃ.

Grammar

	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Nouns	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adjectives	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adverb	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Particle	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

Nouns

Nouns are made up of 1 (to a limit of 4) "suggi", a word which comes from the lijaldanori "sug", meaning, "word". Suggi are each exactly one morpheme and represent one or multiple meanings or ideas. Suggi can be combined to form more complex words and can affect everything from nouns to verbs to adjectives.

Verbs

In Lijaldanor, the lines between parts of speech are much more blurry than in other languages. For example, the suggi, "jes" by itself (always regarding context) is generally accepted to refer to the "eye", meaning, the optical organ located on the face of most living things. However, if used with another suggi such as "gar" or "run", "jes" is taken to mean "to see." Nouns ornoun-referring suggi can often be made into verbs with the addition of the verb suggi.

Verb Tense

Tense in Lijaldanor is indicated by specific suggi, namely "gar," "run," and "son," representing present, past, and future, respectively. The tense modifier is always placed before any other verb modifiers, which in turn come before the verb itself. For example:

Har run vev sim.

I (past) hear music.

I heard music.

Dag gar vev sim.

You (present) hear music.

You are listening to music.

For more generalized statements or statements concerning habitual actions, the suggi "gar" may be dropped. By adding "gar" to a verb, a rough equivalent of the present progressive aspect is used.

Dag vev sim.

You hear music.

You listen to music.

Sat son nag rad.

He (future) kill sheep.

He will kill the sheep.

Oftentimes, the future tense is conflated with the subjunctive mood, which is indicated by the suggi, "naz." The final important verb-related suggi is "hoz," whose placement in relation to the verb determines aspect. The perfective and imperfective aspects are differentiated by the placement of "hoz": if it precedes the verb, the meaning correlates to the perfective aspect. Following the verb means imperfective. For example:

Dir hoz mis.

She (asp.) laugh.

She has laughed. (started and finished laughing.)

Oftentimes "hoz" used perfectively may replace "run" as it connotatively refers to past tense.

Sathor mis hoz.

They laugh (asp.)

They are laughing. (Presently.)

The imperfective aspect has no connotative tense, so (with the exception of "gar") tense markers must be indicated.

Har run nag hoz sethor.

I (past) kill (asp.) them.

I was killing them.

Much in this same vein, if "naz" precedes the verb it modifies, the action either would be/would have been be started, however did not/will not complete. Following the verb means the action would be/would have been completed. For example:

Hor naz hag gotdanhor...

We (sub.) fight enemies...

We would fight the enemies... (start fighting)

Hor hag naz gotdanhor...

We fight (sub.) enemies...

We would fight the enemies... (finish fighting)

When combined with "run" (which will always precede an aspect/mood marker), "naz" may be used to demonstrate what would have happened.

Hor run naz hag gotdanhor...

We (past) (sub.) fight enemies...

We would have fought the enemies... (started fighting)

Hor run hag naz gotdanhor...

We (past) fight (sub.) enemies...

We would have fought the enemies... (finished fighting)

Syntax

Syntax is incredibly important in Lijaldanor. Much as in English, which also lacks a true accusative case, word order remains the chief means of determining which are the subjects and (in)direct objects. The strict word order in Lijaldanor is SVMOTP (or) Subject-verb-manner-object-time-place.

Example Text(s)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article I. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Damruljalvarvug darhondanhor

Kadkeg I. Danhorvug tek rit hig hajzod hig darhon lod. Kaljomrul hig regfil filhor hig helkal danhorhaj gon jiggat lod.

Vocabulary

No.	English	lig
1	I	har
2	you (singular)	dag
3	he	sat
4	we	hor
5	you (plural)	daghor
6	they	sathor
7	this	mog
8	that	nog
9	here	nig
10	there	zag
11	who	rod
12	what	rel
13	where	mor
14	when	feg
15	how	sun
16	not	zod
17	all	vug
18	many	van
19	some	jot
20	few	vanzod
21	other	haj
22	one	sal
23	two	vud
24	three	mok
25	four	daj
26	five	jef
27	big	var
28	long	rin
29	wide	jirhon
30	thick	jir
31	heavy	varjir
32	small	dur
33	short	dur
34	narrow	durrin
35	thin	rindur
36	woman	hes
37	man (adult male)	hur
38	man (human being)	dan
39	child	dandur
40	wife	hesmat
41	husband	hurmat
42	mother	hester
43	father	hurter
44	animal	mar
45	fish	vut
46	bird	lon
47	dog	tuk
48	louse	diz
49	snake	rin
50	worm	marrindur
51	tree	mem
52	forest	memvan
53	stick	ket
54	fruit	zokmerdur
55	seed	memdur
56	leaf	memmerdur
57	root	gal
58	bark	figmem
59	flower	merdur
60	grass	merdur
61	rope	vus
62	skin	fig
63	meat	nok
64	blood	hum
65	bone	tag
66	fat	var
67	egg	ruj
68	horn	hotsum
69	tail	nit
70	feather	joz
71	hair	dem
72	head	sum
73	ear	tat
74	eye	jes
75	nose	vim
76	mouth	sut
77	tooth	hot
78	tongue	suttad
79	fingernail	komhogvel
80	foot	jin
81	leg	gen
82	knee	gentad
83	hand	hog
84	wing	jadlon
85	belly	ferhav
86	guts	ferhav
87	neck	faz
88	back	mes
89	breast	jaj
90	heart	tadhum
91	liver	—
92	drink	gar del
93	eat	jek
94	bite	gar hot
95	suck	gar melmuk
96	spit	gar rugsiz
97	vomit	gar ferhavvel
98	blow	gar mel rul
99	breathe	gar mel
100	laugh	gar mis
101	see	gar jes
102	hear	gar vev
103	know	gar reg
104	think	gar jom
105	smell	gar him
106	fear	hek
107	sleep	gar nagzaz
108	live	gar mar
109	die	gar nag
110	kill	gar nag fil
111	fight	gar hag
112	hunt	gar jag
113	hit	gar dal
114	cut	gar tar
115	split	gar salvud
116	stab	gar tardal
117	scratch	gar tarjinhot
118	dig	gar jalvan hav
119	swim	gar vok
120	fly	—
121	walk	gar nar (jin lod)
122	come	gar narten
123	lie	gar damteg
124	sit	gar
125	stand	gar velrul
126	turn	gar kod
127	fall	mir
128	give	kal
129	hold	gar hog
130	squeeze	gar dalhav
131	rub	gar kev
132	wash	gar falvel fil
133	wipe	gar vetlod
134	pull	gar muk
135	push	gar dal
136	throw	gar rug
137	tie	gar raf
138	sew	gar hej
139	count	gar tof
140	say	gar dam
141	sing	gar simsut
142	play	gar nil
143	float	gar vil
144	flow	rij
145	freeze	gar faljir
146	swell	gar var
147	sun	gafvar
148	moon	leg
149	star	kelsor
150	water	fal
151	rain	falkel
152	river	falvarrindur
153	lake	fal
154	sea	falvar
155	salt	jurzok
156	stone	jud
157	sand	jurdur
158	dust	laj
159	earth	jalvan
160	cloud	nim
161	fog	vor
162	sky	kel
163	wind	melnar
164	snow	val
165	ice	faljir
166	smoke	hanmes
167	fire	han
168	ash	lajhan
169	burn	gar jek han lon
170	road	ged
171	mountain	jal
172	red	hum
173	green	merdur
174	yellow	lonvaj
175	white	valvaj
176	black	vig
177	night	jed
178	day	hod
179	year	legdoghigvud
180	warm	migzod
181	cold	mig
182	full	nenzod
183	new	tir
184	old	luk
185	good	zar
186	bad	got
187	rotten	nagluk
188	dirty	lajjalvan
189	straight	lir
190	round	fuf
191	sharp	viz
192	dull	gej
193	smooth	fef
194	wet	gur
195	dry	gurzod
196	correct	hig
197	near	vel
198	far	hon
199	right	kij
200	left	jik
201	at	vel
202	in	hav
203	with	lod
204	and	hig
205	if	feg
206	because	saj
207	name	darhon