Mwádrós

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Name: Mwádrós Type: Fusional - Aglutinative Alignment: Nominative-Accusative Head Direction: Mixed Number of genders: 6 Declensions: Yes Conjugations: Yes Nouns declined according to Case Number Definitiveness Gender Verbs conjugated according to Voice Mood Person Number Tense Aspect

Classification and Dialects [Táxinóm yué Dyálékés]

Mwádrós or The People's Word, is a small language in the Ancient Persian Empire and Hellenic Empire of Alexander. During that time the Greek and Persian words were absorbed by the peoples into the language.

It has two "dialects"/ forms of writting, East centered transformation [Vhélúng'ná] (Vh -->B) and West centered transformation [Vhálúm'nir] (Vh-->V).

The East one writes with an extended Avestan Script(first line) while the West one uses a script similar to Tengwar (second line).

Phonology [Fónólógu]

Consonants [Wámwés]

In total the language has 24 sullied/impure consonants (vhár wámwés) and 18 unsullied/pure consonants (dóvhár wámwés) and 1 double sullied consonant (dióvhár wámwé), totaling 43 consonants.

• Unsullied: m,n,p,b,t,d,k,g, ', f,v,s,z,c,ç,x, y, w;
• Sullied: mw, nw, ñ/nh, ng/gh, pw, bw, tw, dw, th, dh, q, gw, vh,sh, zh, ch, çh, r, lh, bh, l, h, fw, vw;
• Double sullied : rh;

Proto Mwádrós had more consonants that use a dot below the letter, to make them ejectives "◌̣", these are not used anymore, they were called powerful consonants or consonants with power (rá p̣álé wámwé - rá bálé wámwé).

• ṭ, ṭh, ḳ,q̣, p̣;

Proto ejectives separated into voiced and unvoiced consonants (ḳ,q̣, p̣ >>k,g,kw, gw,p,b) and (ṭ,ṭh >>t,th,d,dh).

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m(m) mʷ (mw)			n(n) nʷ(nw)			ɲ(nh-ñ)	ŋ(ng-gh)
Plosive	p(p) pʷ(pw) b(b) bʷ(bw)		t(t) tʷ(tw) d(d) dʷ(dw)			ʈ(th) ɖ(dh)		k(k) kʷ(q) ɡ(g) gʷ(gw)		ʔ(‘)
Fricative	β* (vh)	f(f) v(v) fʷ(fw) vʷ(vw)		s(s) z(z) ʦ(c) ʣ(ç)	ʃ(sh) ʒ(zh) ʧ(ch) ʤ(çh)		ɕ** ʑ**	x(x) χ(x)		h (h)
Approximant			ɹ(r - middle)				j(y)
Trill	ʙ(bh)		r(r - begining)						ʀ(rh)
Flap or tap			ɾ(r – end and after consonants)
Lateral fric.			ɬ(l)
Lateral app.			l(l)				ʎ(lh - ll)

/w/ is also a consonant on it own.

*The /β/ in vh is no longer in the phonemic vocabulary at the present time, in some dialects it is pronounced as a /v/ or a /b/

**/ɕ/ and /ʑ/ are allophones to /s/ and /z/ when they are followed by "è". Example: Sènil /ɕənil/, Zè /ʑə/

Vowels [Yámwés]

We have two types of vowels in the language:

• Pure vowels/Unsullied Vowels (dóvhár yámwés):Á,É,Ó,U,Ú;
• Impure Vowels/Sullied Vowels (vhár yámwés): E,O,Æ*,A,È,I;

Pure Vowels only have one sound while Impure have multiple sounds depending on the context.

• [i] (i)
• [u] (u)

• [ɪ] (i), when after a vowel and not ending the word, Ex: Deimo /deɪmo/;
• [ʊ] (oo - ou)
• [y] (ú)
• [ɔ] (ó - o)
• [o] (o)
• [ə] (è - e)
• [e] (e)
• [ɛ] (é – e)
• [æ] (æ - a)
• [ɐ] (a)
• [a] (a - á)

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
High	i y				u
Near-high		ɪ		ʊ
High-mid	e				o
Mid			ə
Low-mid	ɛ				ɔ
Near-low	æ		ɐ
Low	a

Only A, Á, U, Ó, Ú, O are the only vowels that can start a word.

*Æ is a ligature of ae, it is no longer used has a single phoneme like vh.

Phonotactics [Fónólógóxós]

Fónólógóxós - Fónólógu(Phonology) + kóx(Act[v]) + ós(Plural)

(C)(C)V(V)(C)(C)

Writing System [Gráché Sistému]

Gráché Sistému - Written System

Consonants:

• Unsullied (dóvhár wámwés): m,n,p,b,t,d,k,g, ', f,v,s,z,c,ç,x, y, w;
• Sullied (vhár wámwés): mw, nw, ñ/nh, ng/gh, pw, bw, tw, dw, th, dh, q, gw, vh,sh, zh, ch, çh, r, lh, bh, l, h, fw, vw;
• Double sullied (dióvhár wámwé): rh;

Vowels:

• Pure vowels/Unsullied Vowels (dóvhár yámwés):Á,É,Ó,U,Ú;
• Impure Vowels/Sullied Vowels (vhár yámwés):E,O,Æ,A,È,I;

Letter	m	mw	n	nw	nh - ñ	ng - gh	'		h	w
Sound	m	mʷ	n	nʷ	ɲ	ŋ	ʔ		h	w - ʷ
Letter	p	b	pw	bw	t	d	tw	dw	th	dh
Sound	p	b	pʷ	bʷ	t	d	tʷ	dʷ	ʈ	ɖ
Letter	k	g	kw - q	gw	vh	f	v	s	z	sh
Sound	k	g	kʷ	gʷ	v-β -b	f	v	s - ɕ**	z - ʑ**	ʃ
Letter	zh	x	bh	r(begin)	è	é	l	lh	y	rh
Sound	ʒ	χ - x	ʙ	r	ə	ɛ	l - ɬ	ʎ	j	ʀ
Letter	Tsh - ch	Dzh - çh	Ts - c	Dz - ç	i	o	e	a	u	oo - ou
Sound	ʧ	ʤ	ts	dz	i ɪ	o ɔ	e ə ɛ	a ɐ æ	u	ʊ
Letter	á	æ***	r(middle)	r(end / after consonants)	ó	ú	yi*	fw	vw
Sound	a	æ	ɹ	ɾ	ɔ	y	i	fʷ	vʷ

*yi is a consonant when "r" is concerned but a single vowel in phonotactics.

**ɕ and ʑ are allophones to s and z when followed by "è". Example: Sènil /sɕənil/, Zè /zʑə/

***Æ is a ligature of ae, it is no longer used has a single phoneme like vh.

Extended Avestani Script System	Mwádrós Script System

Grammar [Áhórdinuó]

Á'hórdinuó - Word + will be ordered (by).

Nouns [Tós / Tósós]

Genders and Case System [Yénú yué Tiki Sistému]

M - Male [Uómó / Huómó]

F - Female [Fémi]

O - Neutral / Other [Neyúr]

All cases are before the noun they modify.

To form the plural form you simply add "s" like in English or repeat last vowel then "s" if ending in consonant.

Animation [Sikó]	Inanimate [Dóhémsikó]			Animate [Hémsikó]			Notes
Gender [Yénú] --> Case [Tiki]	M	F	O	M	F	O
GENitive (attached to the object)	mw	nw	mw	m	n	m	you must repeat the first vowel of the word in case of consonant. = ('s+something)
PARTitive (part of whole object, attached)	pw			p			you must repeat the first vowel of the word in case of consonant. = part of something
ACCusative/DATive (not attached)	dhá	dhé	dhi	dá	dé	di
VOCative (not attached)	du [word]						= Oh Someone!
ABESsive (not attached)	dórá			drá	dré	dri	= less / without
INStrumental (not attached)	rá			lá	lé	li	=with
EQUative (not attached)	yá			zhá			= like comparison
PROlative (not attached)	yé			çhé			= via something
LOCative (not attached)	átá*	áté*	áti	átó			*Only denotes a place only for a specific gender, it isn't used much in the present, only for gender specific places like toilets. = at something
LIMitative (not attached)	mé						= until date
Gender Case(suffix)	-má	-mé	-mi	-ná	-né	-ni	you must repeat the lastvowel of the word in case of consonant clash.
PERlative Case(not attached)	tyúr			tyér			= trough / along something
Ending Case (not attached, after noun, formal only)	álix						End of a speech or sentence. A set of cultural reasons employed this to keep noise from a discussion and keep the arguments civilized, it is not used in informal speech, only in formal.
Obsolete Cases(Proto Only)
ABLative Case	fw			vw			you must repeat the first vowel of the word in case of consonant.
LATive Case	tw			dw			you must repeat the first vowel of the word in case of consonant.

Pronouns [Antós]

Pronoun\Case	Informal form	Formal form	Possessive Form(Informal only)
I	qá	gá	qám
You	qó	qós	qóm
It	fi	fó	fim fén fám
She	fé
He	fá
You plural	qós	qósh	qósm
We inclusive	qás	gás(inclusive always)	qásm qámám
We exclusive	qámá
They	fó	fós	fóm

English	You (are) a part of me	Gloss
Informal Mwádrós	Qó di páqá.	/kʷɔ di pakʷa/
Formal Mwádrós	Qós di págá álix.	/kʷɔs di paga alix/

Verbs [Félés]

Aspect [Yidés]--> Tense [Yilus]	Simple [Anplo]	Prefective [Téley]	Imperfective [Dótéley]	Progressive [Prúdefikós]	Habitual [Sinishté]
Present [Prárhór]	á	an	án	yán / i'án	i
Past [Párhér]	é	én	en	yén / i'én	yé / i'é
Future [Metár]	u	un	uni	yun / i'un	yu / i'u

Mood [Modú]	Preffix
Indicative [Reár Modú]	-
Subjuntive [Dóreár Modú]	gw
Imperative [Hepitáki Modú]	n
Conditional [Yipóxru Modú]	rh
Hypothetical [Yipótéti Modú]	bh
Interrogative [Heritizi Modú]	m

Verbs are constructed by adding the prefix of Mood to the Tense+Aspect and putting it at the end of a verb.

English	The man was usually here.	Gloss
Mwádrós	Dróná háyé dhi dwó. /dɾɔna hajɛ ɖi dʷɔ/	Dróná(person+ Male ending) 'á(verb to be)+ yé (Indicative + Habitual Past) dhi(ACC) dwó(here)

Voicing and Number [Sèdáw yué Númé]

To turn a sentence into passive you add the following suffixes to the verb after the tense.

Number [Númé]	Active [Sèdáw Kósál]	Passive [Sèdáw Dókósál]
Singular [Ulá / Uláni / Ulámi]	---	ó
Plural(Animate) [Ulámis]	s/ ás	ós
Plural(Inanimate) [Ulánis]	sh/ ásh	ósh

English	The apples were eaten by the man.	Gloss
Mwádrós	Pómós qimérénósh dá Dróná.	Póm(Apple) qimérénósh(eat + Past+ Perfecive + Passive) dá(Acc) Dróná(Person + Male).

Adverbs of Emotion [Mwáfélés Úlus]

The language permits for a verb to have adverbs of emotion in this structure, they represent the emotions of the sayer in relation to the various parts of the sentence.

Emotion (Subject not attached)	Subject	Emotion (Action attached)	Verb	Affixes	Emotion (Object not attached)	Object	Example
Yinil	Gá	Yin	qimér	é	-	dhi Póm	Yinil Gá Yinqiméré dhi Póm.
(I was Happy for me) I (I was Happy to eat) ate the Apple.

They can appear in 4 forms, Non-Affix for Subject and Object, Affix for the first attached to verb, Inter-affix for the next ones for the verbs. Word Form is a adjective form for an isolated noun.

Emotion [Úlus]	Non-Affix Form	Affix Form	Word Form	Inter-affix Form
Happiness	Yinil	Yin-	Yinálè	-in-
Sadness	Dúnil	Dún-	Dúnálè	-ún-
Anger	Sènil	Sèn-	Sènálè	-èn-
Scared	Xánil	Xán-	Xánálè	-án-
Trust	Qénil	Qén-	Qénálè	-én-
Surprise	Kunil	Kun-	Kunálè	-un-
Disgust	Mónil	Món-	Mónálè	-ón-

Syntax[Hórdinókóx]

Hórdinókóx - Order(v) + Act(v)

The Affirmatives are SVO, Negatives are done by adding "dó" meaning not.

The Interrogatives are done by using the " 'ám" auxiliary verb in the interrogative mood if the main verb is in another mood.

Adjectives are put before the noun they modify.

Genitives are done with the following template (GEN+Object) + Possessor, Mwá drós - The People's Word or with the following template Possessor+GEN+Object, Drósmwá - The People's Word. In rare cases Genitives can be GEN+Object+Possessor, Mwádrós - The People's Word.

Lexicon [Áketáb]

Áketáb - Lexicon(Word Book)

• Há /ha/: be(v);

• Hér /hɛɾ/: Good(adj);
• Hézhár /hɛʒaɾ/: Fly(v);

• Hóka : Other;
• Hómè : Human;

• Á /a/: Word(n);
• Áfélés : Adverb (Word + Verb);
• Áérya /aɛɹjɐ/: Air(n) / Sky(n);
• Anqéli /ɐnkʷɛli/ : Angel(n);
• Bálé /balɛ/: Power(n);
• Çhé /ʤɛ/: Prolative Case – Animate;
• Dá /da/: Accusative/Dative case - Animate Male;
• Dé /dɛ/: Accusative/Dative case - Animate Female;
• Deimo /deɪmo/: Demon(n);

• Démni : Dignity;

• DHá /ɖa/: Accusative/Dative case - Inanimate Male;
• DHé /ɖɛ/: Accusative/Dative case - Inanimate Female;
• DHi /ɖi/: Accusative/Dative case - Inanimate Neutral;
• Di /di/: Accusative/Dative case - Animate Neutral;

• Diré : Right(n) / a freedom provided by law or other power;

• Dó /dɔ/: Not / Un- / Negative particle;
• Dóhér /dɔhɛɾ/: Bad(adj);
• Dórá /dɔɾa/: Abessive case – Inanimate;
• Dóvhár /dɔvaɾ/ /dɔbaɾ/: Unsullied(adj);

• Drá /dɾa/: Abessive case - Animate Male;

• Dré /dɾɛ/: Abessive case - Animate Female;

• Dri /dɾi/: Abessive case - Animate Neutral;

• Dró /dɾɔ/: person(n);

• Du /du/: Vocative Case;

• Dwó /dʷɔ/: Here(adv);

• Egáli : Equal(adj);

• Fáha /fahɐ/: live(v - irregular), Fá’ha when in Present and Future, Fá’h in the Past;

• Gáya /gajɐ/ : Earth(n);
• Glori /gloɹi/: Glory(n);

• Kóx : Act(v);

• Lá /la/: Instrumental Case - Animate Male;

• Lé /lɛ/: Instrumental Case - Animate Female;

• Li /li/: Instrumental Case - Animate Neutral;

• Libé : free(adj);

• Luna /lunɐ/ : Moon(n);

• Mé /mɛ/: Limitative Case;
• Pé /pɛ/: Head(n);
• Póm /pɔm/: Apple(n);
• Pózu(Informal) /pɔzu/, Pócu(Formal) /pɔtsu/: over / above / on top of something;
• Qimér /kʷimɛɾ/: eat(v);

• Rá /ra/: Instrumental Case - Inanimate;

• Ráya : Reason(n);
• Sér : Being(n);
• SHir : Trust(v);

• Tók /tɔk/: Age / Period / Era(n);

• Tútè : All;

• Twó /tʷɔ/: There(adv);

• Twón /tʷɔn/: Yonder(adv);

• VHár /vaɾ/ /baɾ/: Sullied(adj);

• Vid : are born(v);
• Vitém : Consience(n);
• Vitu : Spirit;

• Wámwé /wamʷɛ/: Consonant(n);

• Yá /ja/: Equative Case - Inanimate;

• Yámwé /jamʷɛ/: Vowel(n);

• Yé /jɛ/: Prolative Case - Inanimate;

• Yi(informal) /i/ , Yué(formal) /juɛ/: and(only for nouns not for entire sentences);

• Yirma : Brother / Sister;
• Zhá /ʒa/: Equative Case – Animate;

Example text

English	The people of the Skies lived in the glory of the Sky until the Period of Earth.
Mwádrós Formal	Mwódrónis Áéryami fáhénás áti dhi Mwoglori Áérya mé Mwótók Gáya. /mʷɔdɾɔnis aɛɹjɐmi fahɛnas ati ɖi mʷogloɾi aɛɹjɐ mɛ mʷɔtɔk gajɐ/
Gloss	Mwódrónis(GEN+Person+Animate+Neutral+Plural) Áéryami(Sky+Inanimate+Plural) fáhénás(live+Past+Prefective+Animate+Plural) áti(LOC) dhi(ACC/DAT+Inanimate+Neutral) Mwoglori(GEN+glory) Áérya(Sky) mé(LIM) Mwótók(GEN+Age) Gáya(Earth).

English	Angels and demons were flying above my head.
Mwádrós Formal	Anqélinis yué Deimonis hézhári'énás pócu di mwépé gá álix. /ɐnkʷɛlinis juɛ deɪmɔnis hɛʒaɹiʔɛnas pɔtsu di mʷɛpɛ ga alix/
Mwádrós Informal	Anqélinis yi Deimonis hézhári'énás pózu di qám pé. /ɐnkʷɛlinis i deɪmɔnis hɛʒaɹiʔɛnas pɔzu di kʷam pɛ/
Gloss	Anqélinis(Angel+Animate+Neutral+Plural) yué(and) Deimonis(Demon+Animate+Neutral+Plural) 'ézhári'énás(fly+past+progressive+active+plural) pócu(above) di (ACC/DAT+Animate+Neutral) mwépé(GEN+head) gá(I formal)

English	All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Mwádrós	Tútè hómès sérés vidá libé yué egáli rá démni yué rá dirés, Fós shiráósh rá ráya yué vitém, Fós kóxgwá rá mwivitu yirmanis di hókas álix. /tytə hɔməs sɛɹɛs vida libɛ juɛ egali ra dɛmni juɛ ra diɹɛs / /fɔs ʃiɹaɔʃ ra rajɐ juɛ vitɛm / / fɔs kɔχgʷa ra mʷivitu iɾmɐnis di hɔkɐs alix/
Gloss	Tútè hómès sérés(All human+plural being+plural) vidá (are born + present) libé yué egáli (free and equal) rá démni yué rá dirés, (with dignity and with right+plural) Fós shiráósh rá (They trust+present+passive plural animate with) ráya yué vitém,(reason and consience) Fós kóxgwá (they act + subjunctive present) rá mwivitu yirmanis (with spirit of brothers) di 'ókas.(acc others) álix(formal ending)

English	Through (many) Perils until today he did not sleep.
Formal Mwádrós	Tyúr Rhálés mé kyú, fó dó yipnósé álix.
Informal Mwádrós	Tyúr Rhálés mé kyú, fá dó drózósé .
Gloss	Tyúr Rhálés(Through Perils) mé kyú,(until Today) fó/fá (He Formal / He Informal) dó yipnósé/drózósé (did not sleep : not sleep past simple) [yipnós - sleep formal(greek) /drózós - sleep informal(mwádrós)] (álix) (formal ending)