Hûiniskè (pronunce: hwEEnihwai, ˈxʷiːnɪxʷɛ(ː) (IPA), alternative spellings: hwiniskè, huiniskè) is an alternative language.
Alphabet and pronunciation[]
The language uses a variant of the Latin alphabet.
- a is pronunced like an English a in father. (IPA: /aː/)
- b is pronunced like an English b. (IPA: /b/)
- c is pronunced like an English ch in cheese. (IPA: /ʧ/)
- d is pronunced like an English d. (IPA: /d/)
- e is pronunced like an English a in blade. (IPA: /eː/)
- è is pronunced like an English ai in air. (IPA: /ɛː/)
- f is pronunced like a Celtic f. (IPA: /ɸ/)
- g is pronunced like an English g in go. (IPA: /g/)
- h is pronunced like an English ch in loch. (IPA: /x/)
- i is pronunced like an English ee in need. (IPA: /iː/)
- ì is pronunced like an English i in pin. (IPA: /ɪ/)
- î is pronunced like an English y in young. (IPA: /j/)
- k is pronunced like an English k in kin or silent. (IPA: /k/)
- l is pronunced like an English l. (IPA: /l/)
- m is pronunced like an English m. (IPA: /m/)
- n is pronunced like an English n. (IPA: /n/)
- o is pronunced like an English a in ball. (IPA: /ɔː/)
- ó is pronunced like an English oa in goat. (IPA: /oʊ̯/)
- ö is pronunced like a German long ö. (IPA: /øː/)
- p is pronunced like an English p. (IPA: /p/)
- r is pronunced like an English r, but is usually slightly rolled. (IPA: /r/)
- s is pronunced like an English s. (IPA: /s/)
- V-s-V is pronunced like an English z in zero. (IPA: /z/)
- sk is pronunced like a h followed by a û. (IPA: /xʷ/)
- sl is pronunced like a Welsh ll. (IPA: /ɬ/)
- sû. (IPA: /sʷ/)
- u is pronunced like a Spanish u. (IPA: /u/)
- ù is pronunced like a French oeu as in coeur. (IPA: /œː/)
- û is pronunced like an English w. (IPA: /w/)
î and û are often written as i/j or u/w. Like: Fueiìn giión huecìn instead of Fûeîìn giîón hûecìn. (the cow near the farm)
Grammar[]
These are the personal pronouns:
- I: min (subject) - mûìn (object)
- you: cun (subject) - cûùn (object)
- he/she/it: ca (subject) - cadì (object)
- we: ûa (subject) - [c]ûaîn (object)
- you (plural): óc (subject) - [c]ûoîc (object)
- they: anì (subject) - [c]ûanì (object)
'Mìn' is often pronunced as 'mìn'.
Possessive pronouns are not inflected. They are:
- mi - ci - ca - mûì - cûì - cûa
'Mi' and 'ci' are often pronunced as 'mì' and 'cì'.
Noun[]
Generally speaking, nouns have four written forms: singular indefined, singular defined, plural indefined, plural defined.
Nouns are declined on two ways:
1. Without a vowel change. (faskè = boat)
- [a] boat = [e] fask[è]
- the boat = faskìn
- boats = [e] faskir
- the boats = faskìnar
The -ir ended is pronunced as -ìr.
2. With a vowel change, only for 'e', 'i' and 'u'. (husè = house)
- [a] house = [e] hus[è]
- the house = hùsìn
- houses = [e] husir
- the houses = hùsìnar
The -ir ended is pronunced as -ìr.
In spoken language, the first consonant is voiced or unvoiced depending on the last consonant of the preceding word.
- Ós gèskìn ón. is pronunced as Ós kèskìn ón. (he is in the forest)
Verbs[]
There are two ways to conjugate verbs:
1. Using suffixes. (ûarcì = to work)
- Present: ûarcìm - ûarcìs - ûarcì - ûarcìme - ûarcìse - ûarcìîe - on ûarcìn
- Past: ûarcicìm - ûarcicìs - ûarcicì - ûarcicìme - ûarcicìse - ûarcicìîe - ûarcicìn
- Future: ûarcirìm - ûarcirìs - ûarcirì - ûarcirìme - ûarcirìse - ûarcirìîe - on ûarcirìn
- Conditional: ûarciricìm - ûarciricìs - ûarciricì - ûarciricìme - ûarciricìse - ûarciricìîe - ûarciricìn
- Subjunctive: ûarcìr
- Imperative: ûarcì!
2. Using stem changes and suffixes. (gorì = to do, to perform)
- Present: gorìm - gorìs - gorì - gorìme - gorìse - gorìîe - on gorìn
- Past: gîerìm - gîerìs - gîerì - gîerìme - gîerìse - gîerìîe - gîerìn
- Future: gorirìm - gorirìs - gorirì - gorirìme - gorirìse - gorirìîe - on gorirìn
- Conditional: gîerirìm - gîerirìs - gîerirì - gîerirìme - gîerirìse - gîerirìîe - gîerirìn
- Subjunctive: gorìr
- Imperative: gorì!
As you can see the past and future change o to îe.
Of course there's also a third group which contains irregular verbs. (ós = to be)
- Present: óm - ó[s] - ós - óme - óse - ón - on ósìn
- Past: ùîìm - ùîìs - ùîì - ùîìme - ùîìse - ùîìîe - ùîìn
- Future: skalìm - skalìs - skalì - skalìme - skalìse - skalìîe - on skalìn
- Conditional: skelìm - skelìs - skelì - skelìme - skelìse - skelìîe - skelìn
- Subjunctive: äs
- Imperative: gan! (singular) gaû! (plural)
Vocabulary[]
Some words related to agriculture:
- fûeîè (cow)
- geskè (forest)
- hûecè (farm)
- hûecrirè (agriculture)
- îaîè (goat)
- ûalè (field)
Some words related to family:
- crehrè (daughter)
- fónè (child)
- mûecrè (mother)
- senè (son)
- ûarè (human being)
- ûocrè (father)
Some words related to fishing or hunting:
- faskè (boat)
- gorì [e] ûóskè (to fish)
- gorì nûarì [e] liûè (to kill)
- meûè (weapon)
- rolì (to hunt)
- ûanì (to catch)
- ûorè (water)
- ûóskè (fish)
Some words related to life in a village:
- husè (house)
- mörè (village)
- ûaîè (road)
See also: