Conlang
Don't have an account?
Register
Register
Conlang
Conlang Wiki
5,422
pages

Changes: I'tslmaw

Back to page
Sign in to edit
m (update phonology)
No edit summary
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−  
 
{{LangTitle| <!-- Let me know if you can read this --> }}
  
{{LangTitle| <!-- Let me know if you can read this --> }}
   
 
{{Progress
  
{{Progress
 
|Phonology= 90
  
|Phonology= 90
−
|NounCases= 30
 +
|NounCases= 70
−
|NounDef= 10
 +
|NounDef= 100
−
|NounNumbers= 10
 +
|NounNumbers= 100
−
|NounGender= 10
 +
|NounGender= 70
−
|VerbPerson= 10
 +
|VerbPerson= 100
−
|VerbNumber= 10
 +
|VerbNumber= 100
 
|VerbAspect= 10
  
|VerbAspect= 10
 
|VerbTense= 10
  
|VerbTense= 10
 
|VerbMood= 10
  
|VerbMood= 10
 
|VerbVoice= 10
  
|VerbVoice= 10
−
|AdjCase= 10
 +
|AdjCase= 50
−
|AdjNumber= 10
 +
|AdjNumber= 50
−
|AdjDef= 10
 +
|AdjDef= 100
−
|AdjGen= 10
 +
|AdjGen= 50
−
|AdjComparative= 10
 +
|AdjComparative= 0
−
|AdjSuperlative= 10
 +
|AdjSuperlative= 0
−
|Supine= 10
 +
|Supine= 100
−
|Gerund= 10
 +
|Gerund= 0
−
|Participle= 10
 +
|Participle= 0
−
|Infinitive= 10
 +
|Infinitive= 100
−
|Modality= 10
 +
|Modality= 0
−
|Words= 10}}
 +
|Words= 12}}
 
{{Definition
  
{{Definition
 
|Name = I'tslmaw
  
|Name = I'tslmaw
Line 35: Line 34:
 
|Declined = yes
  
|Declined = yes
 
|Conjugated = no
  
|Conjugated = no
−
|Genders = no
 +
|Genders = Seasons
 
|NounCase = yes
  
|NounCase = yes
 
|NounNumber = yes
  
|NounNumber = yes
 
|NounDefiniteness = no
  
|NounDefiniteness = no
−
|NounGender = no
 +
|NounGender = yes
 
|VerbVoice = no
  
|VerbVoice = no
 
|VerbMood = no
  
|VerbMood = no
Line 47: Line 46:
 
|VerbAspect = no
  
|VerbAspect = no
 
}}
  
}}
−
I'tslmaw [i:t͡sɬma] is an analytic/aggultinative language. It has a close class of verbs but an open class of cases with heavy use of declension to derive meaning.
 +
I'tslmaw [i:t͡sɬma] is an synthetic-aggultinative language. It has a close class of verbs but an open class of cases with heavy use of declension to derive meaning.
   
 
==General information==
  
==General information==
Line 129: Line 128:
 
==Grammar==
  
==Grammar==
 
===Verbs===
  
===Verbs===
−
There are only two proper verbs, "i'ts" which means consume and "tlih" which means produce. The use of noun declension heavily influences the meaning of the verb. For example, "life-self-acc produce" means "I live" but "life-self-acc consume" means "I kill myself". "mouth-self-inst obj-acc consume" means eat but "mouth-self-inst obj-acc consume" means vomit.
 +
Verbs form a closed class, with only two proper verbs, "i'ts" which means consume and "tlih" which means produce. The use of noun declension heavily influences the meaning of the verb. For example, "life-self-acc produce" means "I live" but "life-self-acc consume" means "I kill myself". "mouth-self-inst obj-acc consume" means eat but "mouth-self-inst obj-acc consume" means vomit.
  +
Verbs do not inflect for tense, but instead helper words affect the tense of the sentence.
   
 
===Nouns===
  
===Nouns===
  +
Nouns in I'tslmaw can take up to four optional suffixes: possesive pronoun, gender marker, telicity marker, and case marker. Additionally, a noun changes number through a system of ablaut. A single noun can therefore have up to five morphemes. If the case maker is omitted, the noun is assumed to be accusative. An example of a trimorphemic nouns is "pfihawnn" /p͡ɸɪaŋ/ mouth-1sg-INST which means "with my mouth".
−
Noun decline for case and additionaly can take a pronoun between the base and the case marker to indicate possesion.
  
  +
  +
There are five lexical genders: spring, summer, fall, winter, and neuter. There is no system of agreement between nouns and any other aspect of I'tslmaw. All nouns have an inherent ggender. Nouns that change with the seasons (trees, weather, animals, etc.) have one of the four genders associated with a season. Nouns that do not change with the seasons (rocks, emotions, etc.) are neuter. All nouns can take an optional affix that marks them as a different season.
  +
  +
There are four numbers in I'tslmaw: zero, singular, paucal, and plural. The plurality of a nouns is changed thorugh a system of cyclical ablaut defined as follows: i→ih→e→o→u→aw→a→y→i...
  +
  +
To form the paucal from of a noun, the stressed vowel of the noun is shifted one down this cyclical list of vowels from its singular form. To form the zero form, the vowel is shifted one back from the singular form. To form the plural form, the vowel is shifted four down. For example: pfih = a mouth, pfe = no mouths, pfi = a few mouths, pfaw = mouths
   
 
===Pronouns===
  
===Pronouns===
   
  +
There are twelve pronouns:
−
I'tslmaw is a pro-drop language
  
  +
{| border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width:500px;text-align:center;" class="wikitable article-table;"
  +
|-
  +
! scope="row"|
  +
! scope="col"|zero
  +
! scope="col"|singular
  +
! scope="col"|paucal
  +
! scope="col"|plural
  +
|-
  +
! scope="row"|1st
  +
|
  +
|aw
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! scope="row"|2nd
  +
|
  +
|e
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! scope="row"|3rd
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|a
  +
|}
  +
  +
===Case===
  +
Cases form an open class, with new cases easily created as they are need by the speakers. Some examples of existing cases are:
  +
  +
{| border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width:200px;text-align:center;" class="wikitable article-table"
  +
|-
  +
! scope="col"|Case
  +
! scope="col"|I'tslmaw
  +
|-
  +
|Nominative
  +
| -∅
  +
|-
  +
|Accusative
  +
| -yn
  +
|-
  +
|Dative
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|Genitive
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|Locative
  +
| -ihnn
  +
|-
  +
|Ablative
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|Lative
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|Vocative
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|Instumentive
  +
| -nn
  +
|-
  +
|Benefactive
  +
| -et
  +
|-
  +
|Comitive
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|Temporal
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|Pursuitve
  +
|
  +
|}
  +
  
  +
  +
==Example Text==
  +
  +
English:
  +
Father will drink milk.
  +
  +
Text:
  +
Pine' tlih pfihnn etth-yn
  +
  +
IPA:
  +
pi.nɛː.tɬɪ.p͡ɸɪŋ.ɛt̪͡θ.yn
  +
  +
Gloss: father consume mouth-INST milk-ACC

Latest revision as of 08:11, 13 February 2020


Progress 49%
I'tslmaw
I'tslmaw
Type
Synthetic-Agglutinative
Alignment
Nominative-Accusative
Head direction
Undecided
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
No
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect


I'tslmaw [i:t͡sɬma] is an synthetic-aggultinative language. It has a close class of verbs but an open class of cases with heavy use of declension to derive meaning.

General information

Word order is SOV in non-future sentences and SVO in future sentences, with no morphological tense. There are two verbs, "i'ts" and "tlih", which roughly mean 'produce' and 'consume' respectively. Nouns decline for case.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Velar
Nasal m n /n̪/ nn /ŋ/
Stop p, b d /d̪/ t k, g
Affricate pf /p͡ɸ/, bv /b͡β/ tth /t̪͡θ/, ddh /d̪͡ð/ ts /t͡s/, dz /d͡z/ kx
Fricative f /ɸ/, v /β/ th /θ/, dh /ð/ s z x
Trill bb /ʙ/
Lateral l /ɬ/, ll /ɮ/

/ʙ/ is excedingly rare.

Vowels

Front Back
Close i y u
Near-close ih /ɪ/
Mid e /ɛ/ o
Near-open a /æ/
Open aw /a/

Vowel length is contrastive. All front vowels except for /ɛ/ can be long.

Grammar

Verbs

Verbs form a closed class, with only two proper verbs, "i'ts" which means consume and "tlih" which means produce. The use of noun declension heavily influences the meaning of the verb. For example, "life-self-acc produce" means "I live" but "life-self-acc consume" means "I kill myself". "mouth-self-inst obj-acc consume" means eat but "mouth-self-inst obj-acc consume" means vomit. Verbs do not inflect for tense, but instead helper words affect the tense of the sentence.

Nouns

Nouns in I'tslmaw can take up to four optional suffixes: possesive pronoun, gender marker, telicity marker, and case marker. Additionally, a noun changes number through a system of ablaut. A single noun can therefore have up to five morphemes. If the case maker is omitted, the noun is assumed to be accusative. An example of a trimorphemic nouns is "pfihawnn" /p͡ɸɪaŋ/ mouth-1sg-INST which means "with my mouth".

There are five lexical genders: spring, summer, fall, winter, and neuter. There is no system of agreement between nouns and any other aspect of I'tslmaw. All nouns have an inherent ggender. Nouns that change with the seasons (trees, weather, animals, etc.) have one of the four genders associated with a season. Nouns that do not change with the seasons (rocks, emotions, etc.) are neuter. All nouns can take an optional affix that marks them as a different season.

There are four numbers in I'tslmaw: zero, singular, paucal, and plural. The plurality of a nouns is changed thorugh a system of cyclical ablaut defined as follows: i→ih→e→o→u→aw→a→y→i...

To form the paucal from of a noun, the stressed vowel of the noun is shifted one down this cyclical list of vowels from its singular form. To form the zero form, the vowel is shifted one back from the singular form. To form the plural form, the vowel is shifted four down. For example: pfih = a mouth, pfe = no mouths, pfi = a few mouths, pfaw = mouths

Pronouns

There are twelve pronouns:

zero singular paucal plural
1st aw
2nd e
3rd a

Case

Cases form an open class, with new cases easily created as they are need by the speakers. Some examples of existing cases are:

Case I'tslmaw
Nominative -∅
Accusative -yn
Dative
Genitive
Locative -ihnn
Ablative
Lative
Vocative
Instumentive -nn
Benefactive -et
Comitive
Temporal
Pursuitve

  

Example Text

English: Father will drink milk.

Text: Pine' tlih pfihnn etth-yn

IPA: pi.nɛː.tɬɪ.p͡ɸɪŋ.ɛt̪͡θ.yn

Gloss: father consume mouth-INST milk-ACC

Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.