Isgalino

IPA vowels

[a] - a (like in the word and.)

[ε] - e (like in the word end.)

[i:] - i (like in the word feed.)

[o] - o (like in the word pod.)

[o:] - o (Only at the end of a word but like in no'')

[u:] - u (like in the word food.)

Accents are used on vowels to denote stress. It is used in the suffix és to help further indicate the noun is female.

Consonants with IPA

• c - [k] and [s]

• d - [d]

• f - [f]
• g - [g] and [ʤ]

• h - [h]

• j - [ʤ] and [ʒ]

• k - [k]

• l - [l]

• m - [m]

• n - [n]

• p - [p]

• r - [ɹ]

• s - [s]

• t - [t]

• v - [v]

• x - [ks]

• y - [j]
• ç - [ç]

• c when followed by i or e is pronounced like [s]. Elsewhere it is pronounced like [k].
• g when followed by i or e is pronounced like [ʤ]. Elsewhere it is pronounced like [g]. The combination gh is used when the [g] sound is before i or e.

• j when followed by i or e is pronounced like [ʒ]. Elsewhere it is pronounced like [ʤ].

Diphthongs

ei - [ei] (like in the word day.)

ai - [ai] (like in the word my.)

oi - [oi] (like in the word boy.)

• hu - [w]
• gu - [gw]
• cu - [kw]

• dh - [ð] (like in the word the.)

• th - [θ] (like in the word think.)
• when followed by vowels

Pronouns & possessive pronouns

I- Mi

He- Li

She- Shi

It- Si

They- Ti

We- Ni

You- Dhi

You all/lot- Dhis

My- Ma

Your- Dha

His- La

Her- Sha

Our- Na

You lot's- Dhisa

Their- Ta

Its- Sa

Myself - Mastan

Yourself - Dhastan

Himself - Lastan

Herself - Shastan

Ourself - Nastan

Yourselves - Dhisastan

Themselves - Tastan

Itself - Sastan

(the stan translates as being.)

Connectives

that, than, which - dhei

Those, them - dheis

This, these - dhe, dhes

Who - kei

What - kei

When - huen

Where - huer

Why - poc

Because - podh

But - Sed

If - si

not - no

Verbs

To be - Sta

To have - Tena

To do - Assa

To be able to - Possa

To say - Disa

To go - Ira

To see - Serva

To give - Dhina

To know - Siensa or 'sa (abbreviation)

To want - Vola

To love - Ama

To arrive - Ariva

To pass - Pasa

To ought to - Deba

To put - Pona

To seem - Sima

To stay - Rimana

To believe - Creia

To speak - Pala

To take or carry - Toma

To let - Permita

To follow - Sega

To find - Finda

To call - Noma

To wear - Huera

To write - Scriba

To dance - Dansa

To think - Pensa

To wash - Lava

To start - Comensa

To read - Lera

To play - Jeoia

To rise - Asenda

To fall - Desasenda

To create - Creiára

To destroy - Descreiára

To like - Gusta

To earn - Gana

To laugh - Rida

To sing - Chanta

To live - Viva

Basic verb tenses

Present - remains with a (Pala - speak)

Infinitive - remains with a (Pala - speak)

Past - a d is added to the end of the verb. (Palad - spoke)

Future - sa is placed before the verb. (sa pala - will speak)

Conditional - sau is placed before the verb. (sau pala - would speak)

Progressive - an n is added to the end of the verb. (Palan - speaking)

Prepositions

To - A

Infront of, before - Ante

Around - Sircom

Against - Contra

Toward - Erga

Inside - In

Outside - Noín

Below - Infra

Between, among - Inter

Within - Intra

Near - Prope

Through - Per

Behind, after - Post

Over - Super

Under - Nosuper

Beyond - Ultra

With - Com

Without - Nocom

Adjectives

(Adjectives always end in e, gender or pluralization does not affect this.)

Good - Bene (Bad - nobene.)

Big - Grande (Small - nogrande.)

Intelligent - Inteligente (Stupid - noínteligente.)

Brave - Brave (Cowardly - nobrave.)

Happy - Felise (Sad - nofelise.)

Interesting - Interese (Boring - noínterese.)

Normal - Normale - (Unusual - nonormale.)

Spanish - Ispane

Noun modifications

(Nouns which are male end in o or any consonant. Nouns which are female end in és. Nouns in which the object is either male and female or lack a gender end in i. To pluralize these nouns, this rule is applied; the plural of nouns which end in a vowel is the letter s. Plurals of nouns which end in consonants are es.)

Geli - ice, geli + gi - thing = ice cream (Ice thing.)

Ghitari - guitar, ghitari + omo - man = guitarist (Guitar man.)

Ghitari - guitar, ghitari + omés - woman = female guitarist (Guitar woman.)

Lusi - light, lusi + si - producer/maker = light bulb (Light producer.)

Domi - house, domi + ti - little = Hut (As a pose to; domi nogrande - small house)

Ispani - Spain, Ispani + ni - language = Spanish (Spanish language.)

Compra - to buy, compra + lughi - place = Market (Buying place.)