Isgalino

Pronunciation

IPA vowels

[a] - a (in the word and.)

[ε] - e (in the word end.)

[i:] - i (in the word feed.)

[o] - o (in the word pod.)

[o:] - o (Only at the end of a word.)

[u:] - u (in the word food.)

Accents are used on vowels to denote stress. It is used in the suffix és to help further indicate the noun is female.

Consonants

• c - [k] and [s]

d - [d]

f - [f]

• g - [g] and [ʤ]

h - [h]

j - [ʤ]

k - [k]

l - [l]

m - [m]

n - [n]

p - [p]

r - [ɹ]

s - [s]

t - [t]

v - [v]

x - [ks]

y - [j]

• c when followed by i or e is pronounced like [s]. Elsewhere it is pronounced like [k].

• g when followed by i or e is pronounced like [ʤ]. Elsewhere it is pronounced like [g]. The combination gh is used when the [g] sound is before i or e.

ei - [ei]

ai - [ai]

oi - [oi]

• hu - [w]

• gu - [gw]

• cu - [kw]

dh - [ð]

th - [θ]

• when followed by vowels

Pronouns & possessive pronouns

I- Mi

He- Li

She- Shi

It- Si

They- Ti

We- Ni

You- Dhi

You all/lot- Dhis

My- Ma

Your- Dha

His- La

Her- Sha

Our- Na

You lot's- Dhisa

Their- Ta

Its- Sa

Myself - Mastan

Yourself - Dhastan

Himself - Lastan

Herself - Shastan

Ourself - Nastan

Yourselves - Dhisastan

Themselves - Tastan

Itself - Sastan

(the stan translates as being.)

Connectives

that, than, which - dhei

Those, them - dheis

This, these - dhe, dhes

Who - kei

What - kei

When - huen

Where - huer

Why - poc

Because - podh

But - Sed

If - si

not - no

Verbs

To be - Sta

To have - Tena

To do - Asa

To be able to - Posa

To say - Disa

To go - Ira

To see - Serva

To give - Dara

To know - Siensa

To want - Kera

To love - Ama

To arrive - Ariva

To pass - Pasa

To ought to - Deba

To put - Pona

To seem - Sima

To stay - Rimana

To believe - Creia

To speak - Pala

To take or carry - Toma

To let - Permita

To follow - Sega

To find - Finda

To call - Noma

To wear - Ghera

To write - Scriba

To dance - Dansa

To think - Pensa

To wash - Lava

To start - Comensa

To read - Lera

To play - Joga

To rise - Asenda

To fall - Desasenda

To create - Creiara

To destroy - Descreiara

To like - Gusta

To earn - Gana

To laugh - Rida

To sing - Chanta

To live, dwell (somewhere) - Habita

To live - Viva

Basic verb tenses

Present - remains with a (Pala - speak)

Infinitive - remains with a (Pala - speak)

Past - a d is added to the end of the verb. (Palad - spoke)

Future - sa is placed before the verb. (sa pala - will speak)

Conditional - sau is placed before the verb. (sau pala - would speak)

Progressive - an n is added to the end of the verb. (Palan - speaking)

Prepositions

To - A

Infront of, before - Ante

Around - Sircom

Against - Contra

Toward - Erga

Inside - In

Outside - Noín

Below - Infra

Between, among - Inter

Within - Intra

Near - Prope

Through - Per

Behind, after - Post

Over - Super

Under - Nosuper

Beyond - Ultra

With - Com

Without - Nocom

Adjectives

(Adjectives always end in e, gender or pluralization does not affect this.)

Good - Bene (Bad - nobene.)

Big - Grande (Small - nogrande.)

Intelligent - Inteligente (Stupid - noínteligente.)

Brave - Brave (Cowardly - nobrave.)

Happy - Felise (Sad - nofelise.)

Interesting - Interese (Boring - noínterese.)

Normal - Normale - (Unusual - nonormale.)

Spanish - Ispane

Noun modifications

(Nouns which are male end in o or any consonant. Nouns which are female end in és. Nouns in which the object is either male and female or lack a gender end in i. To pluralize these nouns, this rule is applied; the plural of nouns which end in a vowel is the letter s. Plurals of nouns which end in consonants are es.)

Geli - ice, geli + gi - thing = ice cream (Ice thing.)

Ghitari - guitar, ghitari + jo - man = guitarist (Guitar man.)

Ghitari - guitar, ghitari + jés - woman = female guitarist (Guitar woman.)

Lusi - light, lusi + si - producer/maker = light bulb (Light producer.)

Domi - house, domi + ti - little = Hut (As a pose to; domi nogrande - small house)

Ispani - Spain, Ispani + ni - language = Spanish (Spanish language.)

Example text

Le jo sa chanta a la sheves post li pona dheis in ta domitis de sheves. Li pensa dhe sta kei asa dheis tam forsie i efetie noín huen ti sta laboran. Li sa normalei tambei ambula sircom la teri sta serte li no tena norecordad anegi. Post li tena verificad, li ira a le cititi locale huer li normalei finda la amicos i beva e poke de vini. Alcune instansis ti sa ira a le citi grande, comei chei sta molte gis asa i si sta interese. Dho, post li jogad com la amicos li tenad ira a la domi odhrei, sta serte li tenad nutrad la bovéses i acuad la plantis.

Alcune tempi post, li resivad e scribi de la amico. Si lera, "A, ma amico bene, chei sta molte gis dhei mi nesesita desa dhi. Ma agri nove sta modeste sed si tena e teri-arei bene, dhei sta bele. Dhe rotati mi tena molte asa, mi tena semina ma ordi por ma biri, si sta dhe dhei sta ma ocupi i por dhei mi sta optime, mi pensa. Tambei mi tena ira a le citi vida ma odhrei amico Obo, mi envidia li li tena molte chei, sed nadi dhei mi gusta more dhei la casei, no chei sta caseis more bene dhei si por flavori i digeri fasile."

The man will sing to his horses after he puts them in their stables. He thinks this is what makes them so powerful and effective outside when they're working. He will normally also walk around his land to make sure he hasn't forgotten anything. After he has checked his land, he goes to the local town where he usually meets his friends and drinks some wine. Sometimes they will go to the big city, as there are many things to do and it is interesting. However, after he played with his friends he had to go to his house again, to be sure he had fed his cows and watered his plants.

Some time later, he received a letter from his friend. It reads, "Ah, my good friend, there are many things that I need to tell you. My new farm is humble but it has a good parcel of land, which is good. This season (rotation) I have much to do, I have to sow my barley for my ale, it is this which is my profession and for which I am best at, I think. Also I have to the city to see my other friend Obo, I envy him he has much there, but nothing which I like more than his cheese, there are no cheeses better than it for flavour and easiness of digestion."