Tag: Visual edit |
Tag: Visual edit |
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nominative/vocative - issíl |
nominative/vocative - issíl |
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| − | accusative - issíl''' |
+ | accusative - issíl'''ưm''' |
genitive/ablative/instrumental - issí'''wo (note that -l changes to -wo not -lwo here)''' |
genitive/ablative/instrumental - issí'''wo (note that -l changes to -wo not -lwo here)''' |
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| Line 403: | Line 403: | ||
nominative/vocative - víxxnit |
nominative/vocative - víxxnit |
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| − | accusative - víssnit''' |
+ | accusative - víssnit'''ưm''' |
genitive/ablative/instrumental - víxxnit'''wo ''' |
genitive/ablative/instrumental - víxxnit'''wo ''' |
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Revision as of 04:32, 23 December 2014
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| [[]] ' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| No | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| No | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal |
m /m/ |
n • hn /n/ • /n̥/ |
n [ɲ] |
ñ /ŋ/ |
||||
| Plosive |
b • p /b/ • /p/ |
d • t /d/ • /t/ |
g • k [ɟ • c] |
g • k /g/ • /k/ |
||||
| Fricative |
v • f /β/ • /ɸ/ |
s • ss /z/ • /s/ |
x • xx /ʒ/ • /ʃ/ |
gh • h [ʝ] • [ç] |
gh /ɣ/ |
h
/h/ | ||
| Affricate |
bv • pf /bβ/ • /pɸ/ |
z • c /dz/ • /ts/ |
z̧ • ç /dʒ/ • /tʃ/ |
|||||
| Approximant |
w • hw [ɥ] • [ɥ̥] |
w • hw /w/ • /ʍ/ |
||||||
| Lateral app. |
l • hl /l/ • /l̥ ~ [ɬ] |
l • hl [ʎ] • [ʎ̥] |
Vowels
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close |
i /i ~ ɪ/ |
u /u ~ y/ | |||
| Near-close |
ư /ʊ ~ ʌ/ |
||||
| Close-mid |
ơ /ɯ ~ ɤ/ | ||||
| Mid |
e /ɛ ~ e/ |
o /ɔ ~ o/ | |||
| Open |
a /a/ |
Alphabet
All polysyllabic words are marked for stress with an acute accent.
Note that the italic letters are allophones and usually occur before front vowels and the letter <j> though they are not mandatory.
Phonotactics
Grammar
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns
Nouns come in two varieties animate and inanimate
They also decline for 7 cases but they overlap a lot so there are few endings. They change also for singular and plural.
Animate
Animate nouns decline for 7 cases: nominative, vocative, accusative (which all have the same endings), genitive, ablative, and instrumental (which all have the same ending), and dative and locative (both with the same endings). Endings are different depending on what the words end in. Plurals are indicated by a prefix. Nouns are always listed in singular nominative.
Defining an animate noun is difficult. Most nouns that are animate are physically alive, powerful, or forces of nature or things that change and adapt. Examples include: people, men, language, sky, oceans, ideas
plural prefix: to- (before consonant but not t-), tos- (before vowel), jo- (before t-)
Vowel Ending
1st Variety:
fáçito - creation (collective)
nominative/vocative - fáçito
accusative - fáçitom
genitive/ablative/instrumental - fáçitis
dative/locative - fáçitov
2nd Variety:
kíso - idea
nominative/vocative - kíso
accusative - kísom
genitive/ablative/instrumental - kítis (change from -s to -t for allophonic pronunciation)
dative/locative - kítov (nouns that would end in -ñ are rare but they change to -m in this case)
Consonant Ending:
1st Variety:
issíl - language
nominative/vocative - issíl
accusative - issílưm
genitive/ablative/instrumental - issíwo (note that -l changes to -wo not -lwo here)
dative/locative - issílưv
2nd Variety:
víxxnit - god
nominative/vocative - víxxnit
accusative - víssnitưm
genitive/ablative/instrumental - víxxnitwo
dative/locative - víxxnitưv (nouns that would end in -ñ are rare but they change to -m in this case)
Inanimate
Inanimate nouns are nearly identical in function to animate nouns but they cover all nouns that animate nouns do not. They are therefore the default class of nouns although new nouns that are borrowed are assimiliated according to native paradigms.
Verbs
Syntax
Vocabulary
| No. | English | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | — |
| 2 | you (singular) | — |
| 3 | he | — |
| 4 | we | — |
| 5 | you (plural) | — |
| 6 | they | — |
| 7 | this | — |
| 8 | that | — |
| 9 | here | — |
| 10 | there | — |
| 11 | who | — |
| 12 | what | — |
| 13 | where | — |
| 14 | when | — |
| 15 | how | — |
| 16 | not | — |
| 17 | all | — |
| 18 | many | — |
| 19 | some | — |
| 20 | few | — |
| 21 | other | — |
| 22 | one | — |
| 23 | two | — |
| 24 | three | — |
| 25 | four | — |
| 26 | five | — |
| 27 | big | — |
| 28 | long | — |
| 29 | wide | — |
| 30 | thick | — |
| 31 | heavy | — |
| 32 | small | — |
| 33 | short | — |
| 34 | narrow | — |
| 35 | thin | — |
| 36 | woman | — |
| 37 | man (adult male) | — |
| 38 | man (human being) | — |
| 39 | child | — |
| 40 | wife | — |
| 41 | husband | — |
| 42 | mother | — |
| 43 | father | — |
| 44 | animal | — |
| 45 | fish | — |
| 46 | bird | — |
| 47 | dog | — |
| 48 | louse | — |
| 49 | snake | — |
| 50 | worm | — |
| 51 | tree | — |
| 52 | forest | — |
| 53 | stick | — |
| 54 | fruit | — |
| 55 | seed | — |
| 56 | leaf | — |
| 57 | root | — |
| 58 | bark | — |
| 59 | flower | — |
| 60 | grass | — |
| 61 | rope | — |
| 62 | skin | — |
| 63 | meat | — |
| 64 | blood | — |
| 65 | bone | — |
| 66 | fat | — |
| 67 | egg | — |
| 68 | horn | — |
| 69 | tail | — |
| 70 | feather | — |
| 71 | hair | — |
| 72 | head | — |
| 73 | ear | — |
| 74 | eye | — |
| 75 | nose | — |
| 76 | mouth | — |
| 77 | tooth | — |
| 78 | tongue | — |
| 79 | fingernail | — |
| 80 | foot | — |
| 81 | leg | — |
| 82 | knee | — |
| 83 | hand | — |
| 84 | wing | — |
| 85 | belly | — |
| 86 | guts | — |
| 87 | neck | — |
| 88 | back | — |
| 89 | breast | — |
| 90 | heart | — |
| 91 | liver | — |
| 92 | drink | — |
| 93 | eat | — |
| 94 | bite | — |
| 95 | suck | — |
| 96 | spit | — |
| 97 | vomit | — |
| 98 | blow | — |
| 99 | breathe | — |
| 100 | laugh | — |
| 101 | see | — |
| 102 | hear | — |
| 103 | know | — |
| 104 | think | — |
| 105 | smell | — |
| 106 | fear | — |
| 107 | sleep | — |
| 108 | live | — |
| 109 | die | — |
| 110 | kill | — |
| 111 | fight | — |
| 112 | hunt | — |
| 113 | hit | — |
| 114 | cut | — |
| 115 | split | — |
| 116 | stab | — |
| 117 | scratch | — |
| 118 | dig | — |
| 119 | swim | — |
| 120 | fly | — |
| 121 | walk | — |
| 122 | come | — |
| 123 | lie | — |
| 124 | sit | — |
| 125 | stand | — |
| 126 | turn | — |
| 127 | fall | — |
| 128 | give | — |
| 129 | hold | — |
| 130 | squeeze | — |
| 131 | rub | — |
| 132 | wash | — |
| 133 | wipe | — |
| 134 | pull | — |
| 135 | push | — |
| 136 | throw | — |
| 137 | tie | — |
| 138 | sew | — |
| 139 | count | — |
| 140 | say | — |
| 141 | sing | — |
| 142 | play | — |
| 143 | float | — |
| 144 | flow | — |
| 145 | freeze | — |
| 146 | swell | — |
| 147 | sun | — |
| 148 | moon | — |
| 149 | star | — |
| 150 | water | — |
| 151 | rain | — |
| 152 | river | — |
| 153 | lake | — |
| 154 | sea | — |
| 155 | salt | — |
| 156 | stone | — |
| 157 | sand | — |
| 158 | dust | — |
| 159 | earth | — |
| 160 | cloud | — |
| 161 | fog | — |
| 162 | sky | — |
| 163 | wind | — |
| 164 | snow | — |
| 165 | ice | — |
| 166 | smoke | — |
| 167 | fire | — |
| 168 | ash | — |
| 169 | burn | — |
| 170 | road | — |
| 171 | mountain | — |
| 172 | red | — |
| 173 | green | — |
| 174 | yellow | — |
| 175 | white | — |
| 176 | black | — |
| 177 | night | — |
| 178 | day | — |
| 179 | year | — |
| 180 | warm | — |
| 181 | cold | — |
| 182 | full | — |
| 183 | new | — |
| 184 | old | — |
| 185 | good | — |
| 186 | bad | — |
| 187 | rotten | — |
| 188 | dirty | — |
| 189 | straight | — |
| 190 | round | — |
| 191 | sharp | — |
| 192 | dull | — |
| 193 | smooth | — |
| 194 | wet | — |
| 195 | dry | — |
| 196 | correct | — |
| 197 | near | — |
| 198 | far | — |
| 199 | right | — |
| 200 | left | — |
| 201 | at | — |
| 202 | in | — |
| 203 | with | — |
| 204 | and | — |
| 205 | if | — |
| 206 | because | — |
| 207 | name | — |