No edit summary Tag: Visual edit |
Tag: Visual edit |
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(11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
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{{LangTitle| }} |
{{LangTitle| }} |
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{{Template:LangBox |
{{Template:LangBox |
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− | |Type = |
+ | |Type =Agglutinative |
− | |Alignment = |
+ | |Alignment =Nominative-Accusative |
|Head = |
|Head = |
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|Tonal = |
|Tonal = |
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|NounCases = |
|NounCases = |
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|NounDefinite = |
|NounDefinite = |
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− | |NounNumber = |
+ | |NounNumber =29 |
|NounGender = |
|NounGender = |
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|VerbPerson = |
|VerbPerson = |
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− | |VerbNumber = |
+ | |VerbNumber =29 |
|VerbAspect = |
|VerbAspect = |
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− | |VerbTense = |
+ | |VerbTense =6 |
|VerbMood = |
|VerbMood = |
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|VerbVoice = |
|VerbVoice = |
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− | | |
+ | |AdjNumber =22 |
− | |AdjNumber = |
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|AdjDefinite = |
|AdjDefinite = |
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|AdjGender = |
|AdjGender = |
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|Modality = |
|Modality = |
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|Phonology = |
|Phonology = |
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− | |Words = |
+ | |Words =100 |
|Creator =Joey Macchiarella }} |
|Creator =Joey Macchiarella }} |
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Line 56: | Line 55: | ||
=== Pronunciation Changes === |
=== Pronunciation Changes === |
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− | If a |
+ | If a 'j' begins a word, pronounce it with a /d̠ʒ/, otherwise pronounce it with a /ʒ/. The jaku word 'ja' is an exception and uses the /ʒ/. |
− | An "i" following an "ei" "ai" or "i" |
+ | An "i" following an "ei" "ai" or "i" without an break between them forms /j/ sound. |
− | Two "r" |
+ | Two "r" in a row form the /r/ sound. |
− | A "T" "P" or "K" with an apostrophe after it |
+ | A "T" "P" or "K" with an apostrophe after it are ejectives. Another language that uses this is Na'vi, if that helps. |
− | Excluding the rule |
+ | Excluding the ejective rule, an apostrophe indicates a break or /ʔ/. |
− | + | Two consonants in a row are over pronounced, as also seen in Italian. |
|
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" |
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" |
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! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal |
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal |
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! style="width: 68px; " |Velar |
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar |
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− | ! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular |
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− | ! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal |
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− | ! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal |
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! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal |
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal |
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!Nasal |
!Nasal |
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+ | | m |
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+ | | n |
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+ | |ŋ |
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!Plosive |
!Plosive |
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+ | | p |
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+ | | t |
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+ | | dʒ |
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+ | | k |
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+ | |ʔ |
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!Fricative |
!Fricative |
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+ | | f v |
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+ | | s |
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+ | |ʒ |
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+ | | h |
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!Affricate |
!Affricate |
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+ | |ɹ |
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+ | | l |
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+ | | j |
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Line 157: | Line 138: | ||
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+ | | r |
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+ | |ɾ |
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− | |- |
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− | !Lateral fric. |
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− | |- |
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− | !Lateral app. |
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− | |- |
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− | !Lateral flap |
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Line 228: | Line 161: | ||
! style="width: 90px; "| |
! style="width: 90px; "| |
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! style="width: 90px; " |Front |
! style="width: 90px; " |Front |
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− | ! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front |
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− | ! style="width: 90px; " |Central |
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− | ! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back |
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! style="width: 90px; " |Back |
! style="width: 90px; " |Back |
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|- |
|- |
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!High |
!High |
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− | | |
+ | | i y |
− | | |
+ | | u |
− | | |
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− | | |
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− | | |
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− | |- |
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− | !Near-high |
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− | |- |
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− | !High-mid |
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|- |
|- |
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!Mid |
!Mid |
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− | | |
+ | | e |
− | | |
+ | | o |
− | | |
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− | | |
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− | | |
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− | |- |
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− | !Low-mid |
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− | | |
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− | | |
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− | |- |
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− | !Near-low |
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− | | |
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− | | |
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|- |
|- |
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!Low |
!Low |
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− | | |
+ | |ɑ |
− | | |
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− | | |
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− | | |
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|} |
|} |
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+ | <br> |
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− | ===Phonotactics=== |
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− | |||
==Writing System== |
==Writing System== |
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Line 379: | Line 271: | ||
Nouns are as seen (for the most part) in the lexicon section. |
Nouns are as seen (for the most part) in the lexicon section. |
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− | For a noun to become plural, an "uo" or "n" is to be added to the end of the noun depending on if it ends with a |
+ | For a noun to become plural, an "uo" or "n" is to be added to the end of the noun depending on if it ends with a consonant or vowel, respectively. |
===Verbs=== |
===Verbs=== |
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[Time/Tense] + [verb] + [Pronoun Root] |
[Time/Tense] + [verb] + [Pronoun Root] |
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− | Eg: |
+ | Eg: The verb 'kaputoro' as said in the singular first person in the present perfect tense adds the 'seisi' prefix and the 'kokoa' affix. |
− | I have lived> [ |
+ | I have lived> [Seisi]+[kaputoro]+[kokoa]> Seisikaputorokokoa |
{| class="article-table" |
{| class="article-table" |
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! |
! |
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Line 444: | Line 336: | ||
|Var(u) |
|Var(u) |
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|} |
|} |
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− | The |
+ | The possible vowel ending for the time prefixes are for when the verb begins with a consonant. Otherwise the possible vowel is not included. |
When a verb is needed right after another verb, such as "I <u>need</u> to <u>eat</u>", the second verb will have no pronouns or time attached to it. |
When a verb is needed right after another verb, such as "I <u>need</u> to <u>eat</u>", the second verb will have no pronouns or time attached to it. |
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Line 453: | Line 345: | ||
Adjectives go before the noun they are applied to. |
Adjectives go before the noun they are applied to. |
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− | Emotions go |
+ | Emotions, when used as an adjective go before the noun and before any other adjectives attached to the noun. |
Adverbs go before the verb they are applied to. |
Adverbs go before the verb they are applied to. |
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+ | Ownership, such as 'my tree' begins with the owned object, then 'ja' and followed by the ownership word as shown in the lexicon. 'my tree' becomes 'lavosa ja ako'. |
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− | Eg: My happy friend needs a green tree. > Green tree is needed by friend happy of mine. > Nueik lavosa itetonuran pak ja ako. |
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+ | |||
+ | Eg: My tall happy friend needs a green tree. > Green tree is needed by friend happy of mine. > Nueik lavosa itetonuran pak ja ako. |
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=== Questions === |
=== Questions === |
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Line 463: | Line 357: | ||
Eg: Where are you? > [Location?] + [You] > Tefa punai? |
Eg: Where are you? > [Location?] + [You] > Tefa punai? |
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+ | |||
+ | The example doesn't use the 'to be' verb for location because the question word indicates this enough. If the question is about a time other than the simple present, then the verb would be used. |
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=== Ownership === |
=== Ownership === |
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Line 594: | Line 490: | ||
|Who |
|Who |
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|Questions about people/names |
|Questions about people/names |
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− | | |
+ | |Det |
|- |
|- |
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|10 |
|10 |
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Line 600: | Line 496: | ||
|What (object) |
|What (object) |
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|Questions about objects |
|Questions about objects |
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− | | |
+ | |Det |
|- |
|- |
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|11 |
|11 |
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Line 606: | Line 502: | ||
|What (verb) |
|What (verb) |
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|Questions about verbs being acted |
|Questions about verbs being acted |
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− | | |
+ | |Det |
|- |
|- |
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|12 |
|12 |
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|When |
|When |
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|Questions about time |
|Questions about time |
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− | | |
+ | |Det |
|- |
|- |
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|13 |
|13 |
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Line 618: | Line 514: | ||
|Why/How |
|Why/How |
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|Questions about explanations |
|Questions about explanations |
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− | | |
+ | |Det |
|- |
|- |
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|14 |
|14 |
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Line 624: | Line 520: | ||
|Where (location) |
|Where (location) |
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|Questions about physical locations |
|Questions about physical locations |
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− | | |
+ | |Det |
|- |
|- |
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|15 |
|15 |
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|Where (mind) |
|Where (mind) |
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|Questions about mental locations |
|Questions about mental locations |
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− | | |
+ | |Det |
|- |
|- |
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|16 |
|16 |
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Line 636: | Line 532: | ||
|Because/By |
|Because/By |
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|It is also 'by' because when something is by something it is <u>because</u> of something that the thing is |
|It is also 'by' because when something is by something it is <u>because</u> of something that the thing is |
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+ | |Prep |
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− | | |
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|- |
|- |
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|17 |
|17 |
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Line 768: | Line 664: | ||
|Nature/world |
|Nature/world |
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− | |N/ |
+ | |N/Pn |
|- |
|- |
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|40 |
|40 |
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|Of/for |
|Of/for |
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+ | |Prep |
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− | | |
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|- |
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|41 |
|41 |
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|To need (true need) |
|To need (true need) |
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− | | |
+ | |V |
|- |
|- |
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|42 |
|42 |
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Line 786: | Line 682: | ||
|To need (false need) |
|To need (false need) |
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|This is like 'to have to' in the sense that it is a need but not a personal need |
|This is like 'to have to' in the sense that it is a need but not a personal need |
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− | | |
+ | |V |
|- |
|- |
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|43 |
|43 |
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+ | |Ep'e |
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− | | |
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|Here |
|Here |
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− | | |
+ | |N |
|- |
|- |
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|44 |
|44 |
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|There |
|There |
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− | | |
+ | |N |
|- |
|- |
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|45 |
|45 |
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|Law/Rule |
|Law/Rule |
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|A 'circle of life' esc type law of the land thing |
|A 'circle of life' esc type law of the land thing |
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− | | |
+ | |N |
|- |
|- |
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|46 |
|46 |
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Line 810: | Line 706: | ||
|To maintain |
|To maintain |
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|Used when working on something that is kept up. A diary |
|Used when working on something that is kept up. A diary |
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− | | |
+ | |V |
|- |
|- |
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|47 |
|47 |
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|It (subject) |
|It (subject) |
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|It replaces a pre determined noun |
|It replaces a pre determined noun |
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+ | |N/Pn |
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− | | |
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|- |
|- |
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|49 |
|49 |
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Line 828: | Line 724: | ||
|It (object) |
|It (object) |
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+ | |N/Pn |
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− | | |
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|- |
|- |
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|50 |
|50 |
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|The way |
|The way |
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|A particular state of mind or action specific to a person |
|A particular state of mind or action specific to a person |
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− | | |
+ | |N |
|- |
|- |
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|51 |
|51 |
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|To understand |
|To understand |
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− | | |
+ | |V |
|- |
|- |
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|52 |
|52 |
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+ | |Laffo |
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+ | |To be called |
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+ | |Used to ask someone what there name is |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |53 |
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+ | |Falko |
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+ | |To give |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |54 |
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+ | |K'enao |
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+ | |Friend |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |55 |
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+ | |T'uhei |
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+ | |Student/learner |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |56 |
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+ | |Parrei |
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+ | |Master/teacher |
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+ | |N |
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|- |
|- |
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− | | |
+ | |57 |
+ | |Kaja |
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+ | |To feel |
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+ | |Physical, emotional, and spiritual feeling |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |58 |
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+ | |Eip' |
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+ | |In (physically) |
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+ | |Prep |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |59 |
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+ | |Aip' |
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+ | |In (other) |
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+ | |Prep |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |60 |
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+ | |Loav |
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+ | |To ask |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |61 |
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+ | |P'uei |
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+ | |To answer |
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+ | |V |
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|- |
|- |
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− | | |
+ | |62 |
+ | |Enoa |
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+ | |Question |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |63 |
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+ | |Teip'u |
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+ | |Answer |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |64 |
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+ | |Klakai |
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+ | |Something (noun) |
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+ | |Used to represent an unknown noun |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |65 |
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+ | |Suveiia |
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+ | |Something (verb) |
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+ | |Used to represent an unknown verb |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |66 |
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+ | |Sulli |
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+ | |Stupid |
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| |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |67 |
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+ | |Haka |
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+ | |Inteligent |
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| |
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+ | |Adj |
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|- |
|- |
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− | | |
+ | |68 |
+ | |Saonun |
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+ | |Familly |
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+ | |Everyone you know |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |69 |
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+ | |Lo'ak |
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+ | |Member/Person |
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| |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |70 |
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+ | |Neteiia |
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+ | |Pet |
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+ | |They protect you an you protect them |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |71 |
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+ | |Ngari |
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+ | |Eye |
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| |
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+ | |N |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |72 |
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+ | |Pak |
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+ | |Happy |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |73 |
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+ | |Jahar |
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+ | |Sad |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |74 |
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+ | |Sarr |
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+ | |Angry |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |75 |
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+ | |Feilu |
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+ | |Wonder |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |76 |
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+ | |Ngafarr |
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+ | |Rage |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |77 |
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+ | |Pue |
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+ | |Love |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |78 |
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+ | |Euseva |
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+ | |Afraid |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |79 |
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+ | |Tire |
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+ | |Safe |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |80 |
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+ | |Ia |
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+ | |Peaceful |
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+ | | |
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+ | |Adj |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |81 |
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+ | |Parume |
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+ | |To teach |
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+ | | |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |82 |
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+ | |T'uen |
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+ | |To learn |
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+ | | |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |83 |
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+ | |Ngasol |
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+ | |To practice |
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+ | | |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |84 |
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+ | |Ngete |
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+ | |To listen |
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+ | | |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |85 |
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+ | |Jeveiio |
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+ | |To empathize with |
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+ | | |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |86 |
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+ | |Sokoro |
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+ | |To see |
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+ | | |
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+ | |V |
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+ | |- |
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+ | |87 |
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+ | |Ingre |
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+ | |To write |
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+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |88 |
||
+ | |Et'elu |
||
+ | |To be like |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |89 |
||
+ | |Tura |
||
+ | |To like (a noun) |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |90 |
||
+ | |Mak |
||
+ | |To like (a person) |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |91 |
||
+ | |Tau |
||
+ | |To like (a verb) |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |92 |
||
+ | |Ea |
||
+ | |Or |
||
+ | |Goes between the two things being judged |
||
+ | |Con |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |93 |
||
+ | |Offan |
||
+ | |To speak |
||
+ | |Also means to be knowledgeable in something |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |94 |
||
+ | |Utsel |
||
+ | |To talk |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |95 |
||
+ | |Peru |
||
+ | |To use |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |96 |
||
+ | |Aimokua |
||
+ | |Flower |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |N |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |97 |
||
+ | |Lavosa |
||
+ | |Tree |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |N |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |98 |
||
+ | |Mart'ei |
||
+ | |Plant |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |N |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |99 |
||
+ | |Momo |
||
+ | |Animal |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |N |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |100 |
||
+ | |Heia |
||
+ | |There is/are |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |S |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |101 |
||
+ | |T'tsala |
||
+ | |To hunt |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |V |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |102 |
||
+ | |Vesim |
||
+ | |Same |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |103 |
||
+ | |Risong |
||
+ | |Right |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |104 |
||
+ | |Pehir |
||
+ | |Left |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |105 |
||
+ | |Ngaisin |
||
+ | |Before |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |106 |
||
+ | |Te'ela |
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+ | |During |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |107 |
||
+ | |Hussen |
||
+ | |After |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |108 |
||
+ | |Fo'o |
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+ | |Water |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |109 |
||
+ | |Okoiie |
||
+ | |To protect/fight |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |110 |
||
+ | |Sao |
||
+ | |Sun/sky/day |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
Latest revision as of 23:41, 29 October 2021
Jaku | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Agglutinative | ||||||||||||
Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||||||||||||
Head direction | |||||||||||||
Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
Declensions | No | ||||||||||||
Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
Genders | 0 | ||||||||||||
Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
Case | Number | ||||||||||||
Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
Person | Number | ||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
Meta-information | |||||||||||||
Progress | 4% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Creator | Joey Macchiarella |
Classification and Dialects
Phonology
Consonants
F/H/J/K/L/M/N/P/R/S/T/V/NG
Vowels
A/E/I/O/U/Ai/Ei
Pronunciation Changes
If a 'j' begins a word, pronounce it with a /d̠ʒ/, otherwise pronounce it with a /ʒ/. The jaku word 'ja' is an exception and uses the /ʒ/.
An "i" following an "ei" "ai" or "i" without an break between them forms /j/ sound.
Two "r" in a row form the /r/ sound.
A "T" "P" or "K" with an apostrophe after it are ejectives. Another language that uses this is Na'vi, if that helps.
Excluding the ejective rule, an apostrophe indicates a break or /ʔ/.
Two consonants in a row are over pronounced, as also seen in Italian.
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
Plosive | p | t | dʒ | k | ʔ | ||||
Fricative | f v | s | ʒ | h | |||||
Affricate | |||||||||
Approximant | ɹ | l | j | ||||||
Trill | r | ||||||||
Flap or tap | ɾ |
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i y | u |
Mid | e | o |
Low | ɑ |
Writing System
Letter | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sound | ||||||||||||
Letter | ||||||||||||
Sound | ||||||||||||
Letter | ||||||||||||
Sound |
Grammar
Nouns
Nouns are as seen (for the most part) in the lexicon section.
For a noun to become plural, an "uo" or "n" is to be added to the end of the noun depending on if it ends with a consonant or vowel, respectively.
Verbs
[Time/Tense] + [verb] + [Pronoun Root]
Eg: The verb 'kaputoro' as said in the singular first person in the present perfect tense adds the 'seisi' prefix and the 'kokoa' affix.
I have lived> [Seisi]+[kaputoro]+[kokoa]> Seisikaputorokokoa
I/Me | You | He/Him | She/Her | NB | They/Them | We/Us | You All | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Object | Koa | Nai | Ran | Pet | Rre | Sain | Pani | Feiku |
Subject | Kokoa | Punai | Nuran | Teipet | Prerre | Jasain | Lepani | Jafeiku |
If a verb ends in a consonant, the pronoun root or word will become separate from the verb but remain after it.
Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Past | Rar(o) | Haj(o) | Nam(o) | Fer(o) |
Present | Nges(i) | Seis(i) | Pav(i) | |
Future | Teij(u) | Mij(u) | Leis(u) | Var(u) |
The possible vowel ending for the time prefixes are for when the verb begins with a consonant. Otherwise the possible vowel is not included.
When a verb is needed right after another verb, such as "I need to eat", the second verb will have no pronouns or time attached to it.
Syntax
Object-Verb-Subject
Adjectives go before the noun they are applied to.
Emotions, when used as an adjective go before the noun and before any other adjectives attached to the noun.
Adverbs go before the verb they are applied to.
Ownership, such as 'my tree' begins with the owned object, then 'ja' and followed by the ownership word as shown in the lexicon. 'my tree' becomes 'lavosa ja ako'.
Eg: My tall happy friend needs a green tree. > Green tree is needed by friend happy of mine. > Nueik lavosa itetonuran pak ja ako.
Questions
Questions are indicated by one of seven 'question words' at the beginning of a sentence. They can be found in the lexicon, words 9-15.
Eg: Where are you? > [Location?] + [You] > Tefa punai?
The example doesn't use the 'to be' verb for location because the question word indicates this enough. If the question is about a time other than the simple present, then the verb would be used.
Ownership
Owned things are indicated with a [ja] + [onership word] after the noun.
Eg: My tree > Tree of mine > [lavosa] +[ja] + [ako] > Lavosa ja ako.
Number System
English | Jaku | English | Jaku |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Pa | 100 | Jai |
2 | Ni | 1000 | Kofa |
3 | Se | 1 million | Mange |
4 | Mi | 1 billion | Soma |
5 | Tu | 0 | Hu |
6 | Le | infinity | Larrei |
7 | Ra | ||
8 | Ku | ||
9 | Na | ||
10 | Va |
The Jaku number system is multiplication based. The max number of words needed to count up to 999,999,999,999 in Jaku is seen above. I'm just gonna provide a few examples that will sum up a paragraph of explanation into a few lines.
734> [7] x [100] + [3] x [10] + [4] > [Ra] + [Jai] + [Se] + [Va] + [Mi] > Rajai seva mi
That's the basic gist. Unless I'm mistaken, the number system is kinda similar to Japanese.
805,642,143,779 > Kujai tusoma lejai miva nimange jai miva sekofa rajai rava na
Lexicon
# | Jaku | English | Notes | POS |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Folki | Hello | Casual greeting | |
2 | Itaf | Goodbye | Casual. More of a "see you later" | |
3 | Ait | Yes/True | ||
4 | Teir | No/False | ||
5 | Jaip'a'a | Good | A positive influence on the general world | Adj |
6 | Retun | Bad | A negative influence on the general world | Adj |
7 | Onia | Please | More of an anticipated thank you | |
8 | Laikuas | You're Welcome | Insult. Implies that the recipiant think less of you | |
9 | Aku | Who | Questions about people/names | Det |
10 | Opi | What (object) | Questions about objects | Det |
11 | Jannai | What (verb) | Questions about verbs being acted | Det |
12 | Pa'o | When | Questions about time | Det |
13 | Lahi | Why/How | Questions about explanations | Det |
14 | Tefa | Where (location) | Questions about physical locations | Det |
15 | Nefa | Where (mind) | Questions about mental locations | Det |
16 | Kelku | Because/By | It is also 'by' because when something is by something it is because of something that the thing is | Prep |
17 | Anapel | To be (location) | Something's physical location | V |
18 | Nafao | To be (mind) | Someone's mental location/health | V |
19 | Lako | To be (emotional) | Someone's emotion | V |
20 | Aijeko | To be (physical) | Someone's physical characteristics and health | V |
21 | F'pa | Pretty | A general statement | Adj |
23 | Lafrros | Beautiful | More a "colorful beauty" as dicued in Culture | Adj |
24 | A'a'oa | Special | A characteristic given to people or extreme wonder | Adj |
25 | Totom | Tall | Compared to the speeker | Adj |
26 | Tua | Medium/Average | " | Adj |
27 | Eilf | Short | " | Adj |
28 | Tormonto | Big | " | Adj |
29 | At' | Medium | " | Adj |
30 | Klafe | Small | " | Adj |
31 | Ako | Mine | ||
32 | Unai | Yours | ||
33 | Ura | His | ||
34 | Eipe | Hers | ||
35 | Erre | NB's | ||
36 | Asai | Theirs | ||
37 | Epa | Our | ||
38 | Afei | You all's | ||
39 | Kot'un | Nature/world | N/Pn | |
40 | Ja | Of/for | Prep | |
41 | Iteto | To need (true need) | V | |
42 | Umavis | To need (false need) | This is like 'to have to' in the sense that it is a need but not a personal need | V |
43 | Ep'e | Here | N | |
44 | Ngirrah | There | N | |
45 | Letea | Law/Rule | A 'circle of life' esc type law of the land thing | N |
46 | P'oiia | To maintain | Used when working on something that is kept up. A diary | V |
47 | Atol | All, total, everyone | ||
48 | Mas | It (subject) | It replaces a pre determined noun | N/Pn |
49 | Rei | It (object) | N/Pn | |
50 | Apum | The way | A particular state of mind or action specific to a person | N |
51 | Oran | To understand | V | |
52 | Laffo | To be called | Used to ask someone what there name is | V |
53 | Falko | To give | V | |
54 | K'enao | Friend | N | |
55 | T'uhei | Student/learner | N | |
56 | Parrei | Master/teacher | N | |
57 | Kaja | To feel | Physical, emotional, and spiritual feeling | V |
58 | Eip' | In (physically) | Prep | |
59 | Aip' | In (other) | Prep | |
60 | Loav | To ask | V | |
61 | P'uei | To answer | V | |
62 | Enoa | Question | N | |
63 | Teip'u | Answer | N | |
64 | Klakai | Something (noun) | Used to represent an unknown noun | N |
65 | Suveiia | Something (verb) | Used to represent an unknown verb | V |
66 | Sulli | Stupid | Adj | |
67 | Haka | Inteligent | Adj | |
68 | Saonun | Familly | Everyone you know | N |
69 | Lo'ak | Member/Person | N | |
70 | Neteiia | Pet | They protect you an you protect them | N |
71 | Ngari | Eye | N | |
72 | Pak | Happy | Adj | |
73 | Jahar | Sad | Adj | |
74 | Sarr | Angry | Adj | |
75 | Feilu | Wonder | Adj | |
76 | Ngafarr | Rage | Adj | |
77 | Pue | Love | Adj | |
78 | Euseva | Afraid | Adj | |
79 | Tire | Safe | Adj | |
80 | Ia | Peaceful | Adj | |
81 | Parume | To teach | V | |
82 | T'uen | To learn | V | |
83 | Ngasol | To practice | V | |
84 | Ngete | To listen | V | |
85 | Jeveiio | To empathize with | V | |
86 | Sokoro | To see | V | |
87 | Ingre | To write | V | |
88 | Et'elu | To be like | V | |
89 | Tura | To like (a noun) | V | |
90 | Mak | To like (a person) | V | |
91 | Tau | To like (a verb) | V | |
92 | Ea | Or | Goes between the two things being judged | Con |
93 | Offan | To speak | Also means to be knowledgeable in something | V |
94 | Utsel | To talk | V | |
95 | Peru | To use | V | |
96 | Aimokua | Flower | N | |
97 | Lavosa | Tree | N | |
98 | Mart'ei | Plant | N | |
99 | Momo | Animal | N | |
100 | Heia | There is/are | S | |
101 | T'tsala | To hunt | V | |
102 | Vesim | Same | ||
103 | Risong | Right | ||
104 | Pehir | Left | ||
105 | Ngaisin | Before | ||
106 | Te'ela | During | ||
107 | Hussen | After | ||
108 | Fo'o | Water | ||
109 | Okoiie | To protect/fight | ||
110 | Sao | Sun/sky/day |
Example text
"We must, by law, keep a record of the innocents we kill. And as I see it, they're all innocents. Even the guilty. Everyone is guilty of something and everyone still harbors a sense of childhood innocence, no matter how many layers of life wrap around it. Humanity is innocent; humanity is guilty, both states are undeniably true.
We must by law, keep a record.
It begins on day one apprenticeship-but we do not officially call it 'killing.' It's not socially or morally correct to call it such. It is, and has always been, 'gleaning,' named for the way the poor would trail behind farmers in ancient times, taking the stray stalks of grain left behind. It was the earliest form of charity. A scythe's work is the same. Every child is told from the day that he or she is old enough to understand that scythes provide a crucial service for society. Ours is the closet thing to a sacred mission the modern world knows.
Perhaps that is why we must, by law, keep a record. A public journal, testifying to those who will never die and those who are yet to be born, as to why we human beings to the things we do. We are instructed to write own not just our deeps but our feelings, because it must be known that we do have feelings. Remorse. Regret. Sorrow too great to bear. Because if we didn't feel those things, what monsters would we be?" -H.S. Curie from Scythe by Neal Shusterman
"Ijo'on kotungalepani ja feilsa, kelku letea, p'oiia umavis lepani. Iijo'onuo atol aijekosain apum rei oran kokoa.
Culture
Attachments and Relations to Nature
Nature is everything in Jaku.