Kalennian

Kalennian Kâlenisomakna The official fursona for Kalennian, drawn by Armster himself.
Type	Agglutinative language
Alignment	Nominative-accusative
Head direction	Head-initial
Tonal	No
Declensions	Yes
Conjugations	Yes
Genders	Masculine, neutral and feminine
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect
Meta-information
Progress	5%
Statistics Nouns 0% Verbs 0% Adjectives 0% Syntax 17% Words 100 of 1123
Creator	Camrenzza

Kalennian (Kalennian: Kâlenisomakna (lit. "Kalennian language"); formerly named Kamisomakna (lit. "My language") in its early development) is an artificial constructed language created by Cammzy Armster in April 2023. Kalennian is Cammzy's first-ever successful conlang ever made, being the successor of various 12 cancelled conlangs Cammzy made using the LingoJam translator creator. In addition to Kalennian, he has created a reference grammar for it in the form of a Google Slides presentation on April 22, 2023, made another Google Slides presentation documenting his constructed script Skrivalan, the secondary writing system used for writing Kalennian (as Latin is the primary/default writing system for Kalennian), on May 16, 2024, created a few Kalennian translations of various media (with the most popular being the Peppa Pig dub), and he has also created a WordPress blog in which he posts a variety of content entirely in Kalennian.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants

Bilabial

Labio- dental

Dental

Alveolar

Post- Alveolar

Retroflex

Alveolo- palatal

Palatal

Labio- velar

Velar

Glottal

Nasal

m

n

Plosive

p

b

t

d

k

g

ʔ

Fricative

v

θ

ð*

s

z

ʃ*

x

h

Affricate

t͡ɬɹ

d͡ɮɹ

n͡ɮ

Lateral approximant

l

Lateral fricative

ɮ

Approximant

β̞

ɹ

j

w

*/s/ and /d/ change into /ʃ/ and /ð/ at the end of words

Vowels

Vowels	Front		Central		Back
Close	i					u
Close-mid						o
Open-mid	ɛ		ɜ
Open	a

Orthography

Latin Orthography

â /ɜ/	a /a/	b /b/	d /ð/, /d/	e /ɛ/	g /g/	h /h/	i /i/	k /k/	l /l/
m /m/	n /n/	o /o/	p /p/	r /ɹ/	s /ʃ/, /s/	t /t/	u /u/	v /v/	bh /w/
dh /z/	dr /d͡ɮɹ/	nh /n͡ɮ/	gh /ʔ/	th /θ/	tr /t͡ɬɹ/	lh /ɮ/	kh /x/	mh /β̞/	y /j/

Skrivalan Orthography

â	a	b	d	e	g	h	i	k	l
m	n	o	p	r	s	t	u	v	bh
dh	dr	nh	gh	th	tr	lh	kh	mh	y

Phonotactics

Here's a summary of Kalennian's phonotactic rules:

1. The basic syllable structure in Kalennian is CV, meaning every syllable must have at least one consonant followed by one vowel. Additionally, there are variations in the syllable structure, including CVDVC, DVCVC, SVCVC, VSVCV, VCVDV, CVLVC, or VDVC (D is any digraph that appears in Kalennian (i.e., dh, nh, lh, mh, kh), L is any geminate consonant that appears in Kalennian that lengthen the pronunciation of the vowel before the digraph, and have the said geminate consonant become silent, S is any subordinate digraph or trigraph that appears in Kalennian that isn't related to Kalennian's primary digraphs, C is a consonant, and V is a vowel).
2. Diphthongs are present in Kalennian words, such as "kuilâva" (to sing). However, diphthongs should not be placed at the start of a word, as they must come after a consonant.
3. Digraphs (including dh, nh, lh, mh, kh) should not be placed after a vowel if there is a consonant before or after them. They should also not be placed at the end of a word.
4. Dual-letter consonants (including ll, kk, nn, ss, tt) should not be at the start of a word or precede a consonant.
5. Each digraph in Kalennian must contain at least one vowel next to it.

In Kalennian, a single word can have 3-4 syllables, but additional syllables can be added when other words are connected or when affixes are used.

In the word "malmânovotyoburkusâr" (meaning "video creator"), it is formed by combining multiple morphological parts: "mal" + "mâno" + "votyo" + "burku" + "sâr". Each of these parts contributes to the overall meaning of the word.

Breaking down the syllables in "malmânovotyoburkusâr," we have: ma + lmâ + no + vo + tyo + bu + rku + sâr

This word has more than 8 syllables, exceeding the typical range of 3-4 syllables in a single word in Kalennian.

Vocabulary

Kalennian's lexicon originally had a hundred words, with a lot of them being a priori words, made using the Awkwords word generator. But later in 2024, Cammzy decided to add in newer words loaned from 16 different languages, thus making the lexicon more diverse (and larger). Perfect examples of this are the words "karetyâ" ("book"), "sobir" ("leg"), "pisân" ("friend"), "mâdiye" ("invention"), "mâdeb" ("form"), and "moseg" ("game"). Those 6 words weren't loaned from any of Kalennian's source languages, but "kârdiya" ("heart", from English prefix "cardio-"), "konpubhitâ" ("flatulence", from Estonian noun "kõhupuhitus"), "kenâkesi" ("pleasure", from Albanian noun "kënaqësi"), "insâkta" ("bug", from English noun "insect"), "hâmudi" ("acid", from Indonesian noun "hamud"), and "elvetâ" ("seed", from Hungarian verb "elvet") were all loaned from Latin, Estonian, Albanian, English, Indonesian, and Hungarian.

In addition to having 1,170 words in its lexicon, Kalennian makes use of its words by combining them to make compound words, hence being an agglutinative language. For names of fruits, a strawberry is a "rosâmelvetâagmentasokkâla", which means "red, seed-studded fruit", a banana is an "arumtebâhigisokkâla", which means "yellow curved fruit", and a lemon is an "arumtehâmudiyâtkâla", which means "yellow acidic fruit" Note that the adjectivizer suffix -yât, attached to the noun "hâmudi" ("acid") is modifying the noun "kâla" ("fruit"). For names of videos and movies, a video is a "malmânovotyo", which means "moving photo". Note that the "mal-" progressive tense prefix is attached to the verb "mâno", but no tense suffixes are present, nor is the participial suffix "-k". This is because "mal-mâno" is the adjectival present participle form of "mâno" (meaning "to move"), modifying the noun "votyo", meaning "photo". A movie is a "prâlandiyamalmânovotyo", which means "long moving photo" (here, "prâlandiya", meaning "to be long", and "malmâno", the adjectival present participle form of "mâno", are both modifying "votyo"). A notebook is a "pânalesakkaretyâ" (meaning "writing book").

Kalennian also uses derivational suffixes to change a word class' function. The adjectivizer suffix -yât is used for making nouns and verbs into adjectives, the verbalizer suffix -gi is used for making nouns and adjectives into verbs, the -le suffix is used for turning verbs, nouns and adjectives into interjections, the -lât suffix is used for turning adjectives into adverbs, the grân- suffix is used for introducing subordinate clauses, the -la suffix is used for emphasizing adjectives, and the nominalizer suffix -ga is used for turning verbs and adjectives into nouns. This is why Kalennian aims for flexibility, by using derivational affixes to make new words.

Take "konsilhe" (a verb meaning "to consider") for example. When placing the "-yât" suffix at the end, it becomes an adjective, "konsilheyât" (meaning "considerate"). When placing the "-ga" suffix at the end, it becomes a noun, "konsilhega" (meaning "consideration"). Another example is the noun "mirâlhu" (meaning "prison"). When placing the -yât suffix at the end, it becomes an adjective, "mirâlhuyât" (meaning "prisonous"). When placing the -gi suffix at the end, it becomes a verb, "mirâlhugi" (meaning "to imprison"). Another example is the adjective "ekistrâna" (meaning "extreme"). When placing the -lât suffix at the end, it becomes an adverb, "ekistrânalât" (meaning "extremely"). When placing the -la suffix at the end, it is emphasized, "ekistrânala" (meaning "very extreme"). Verbs can also be turned into agent nouns (i.e. "doer of this verb") using the agentive suffix "-sâr" (which sounds similar to English "-er").

Kalennian's official public dictionary (on Cammzy's Kalennian-language blog "KâleniRenovâtgani") can be seen here, and is updated regularly.

Grammar

In General

Kalennian uses an SVO (subject-verb-object) word order. Nouns decline for number and case, verbs inflect for tense, aspect and mood, adjectives decline for mood, and pronouns decline for mood and case.

Prefixes and Suffixes

As mentioned earlier, Kalennian relies on 34 various affixes. They are used to connect a plethora of Kalennian’s parts of speech. They are automatically assigned a specific grammatical role. The affixes in question consist of only prefixes and suffixes.

Kalennian has the prefixes:

1. sil-
2. gil-
3. mal-
4. bân-
5. han-
6. yon-
7. gâr-
8. âstar-
9. en-
10. kâs-
11. nâ-
12. to-
13. grân-
14. va-
15. su-

And suffixes:

1. -so
2. -sa
3. -se
4. -sâb
5. -sâr
6. -ni
7. -ga
8. -gi
9. -bi
10. -vai
11. -nua
12. -la
13. -le
14. -yât
15. -i
16. -k
17. -gur
18. -u
19. -lât

There are 15 prefixes and 19 suffixes in total.

Nouns

A visualization of Kalennian's nominative and accusative case marking.

Nouns in Kalennian are very simple, as nouns decline for case and number. Plurality is expressed via the suffix "-ni" (as mentioned earlier), possessiveness is expressed using the suffix "-i" (can also apply to pronouns as well), subjects of sentences are expressed using the "su-" prefix, objects, direct objects and objects of connectors are expressed using the "va-" prefix, and omniscience is expressed using the "âstar-" suffix. The omniscient, in Kalennian grammar, is defined as a whole quantity or extent of a noun/group of nouns. It is used to emphasize that the noun or the group of nouns mentioned includes all possible instances or individuals. The plural suffix is also used for nominalized verbs, nominalized adjectives, and direct object-marked nouns.

Sentence Example:

Sukam kasnâso yâ vakaniteni.

NOM-1S see-PST DEF.ART ACC-dog-PL.

"I saw the dogs."

Here, the first person pronoun "kam" is being marked as the subject of the sentence, as subjects in the nominative case are marked using the "su-" prefix. The plural noun "kanite-ni" is marked as the direct object of the sentence, as direct objects (also including objects and objects of connectors) are marked using the "va-" prefix. The reason why the accusative case is also used as a direct object marker is that the creator (Cammzy) didn't want to make the number of prefixes bigger, and decided to make the accusative prefix more usable for marking the direct object, rather than only being used to mark the object of a verb.

As for how Kalennian handles grammatical gender, it uses the adjectives "râdye" ("female") and "simye" ("male") as noun modifiers, since Kalennian doesn't have any grammatical gender markers. For marking the neuter, nouns are unmarked, and sometimes have the indefinite article “ân” placed before the noun. Nouns with "râdye" or "simye" are marked as the direct object using the accusative "va-" suffix, as always.

Sentence Example:

Sukam estimâtolât âsteliso yâ varâdyevelno, vân sukam sâlekitso yâ kuredhoalvânga gâ âsteli yâ varâdyekanite.

NOM-1S approximate-ADVZ acquire-PST DEF.ART ACC-female-cat, but NOM-1S choose-PST DEF.ART correct-decide-NMLZ to acquire DEF.ART ACC-female-dog.

"I almost adopted the female cat, but then I decided to adopt the female dog instead."

Regarding definiteness, definiteness is marked using the definite article "yâ" before nouns, the demonstrative prefix "yon-", and indefiniteness is marked with the indefinite article "ân".

Sentence Example:

Yâ sukanite silenbamosso pârsagusak yâ vaautâr.

DEF.ART NOM-dog NEG-ABLV-stop-PST chase-PST-PTCPL DEF.ART ACC-car

"The dog couldn't stop chasing the car."

Pronouns

Pronouns in Kalennian are also treated the same way as nouns are, as pronouns decline for nominative (su-), accusative (va-) and genitive (-i) case marking. The interrogative mood prefix is predominantly used with pronouns to indicate reasons/causes for certain events related to said pronoun. Pronouns are not pluralized using the "-ni" suffix, which is why only nouns are allowed to be pluralized.

Third person pronouns "meg, gâl, ber, kos" and, specifically, the first person plural "dom", can be declined for omniscience (as the omniscient number is represented with the prefix "âstar-") to refer to the entirety of a certain group represented by said pronoun, however.

Kalennian reflexive pronouns are formed by placing the accusative case marker "va-" before the pronoun, being used to refer to said pronoun as the direct object or indirect object.

Sentence example:

Sukam desti vakam.

NOM-1S hate ACC-1S

"I hate myself."

Adjectives

Adjectives can attach themselves to the nouns they modify. An example of this is the word “vulukkâ-kanite”; “vulukkâ”, an adjective meaning “stupid”, is modifying the noun next to it, “kanite”, a noun meaning “dog”.

As stated in the Moods subsection of this article, adjectives can also be modified by describing high degrees using the superlative “-bi” suffix, making comparisons using the “-vai” suffix, equating two things using the "-nua" suffix, applying emphasis using the “-la” suffix, and forming adverbs using the “-lât” suffix.

Verbs

Kalennian verbs have:

• 3 tenses (Past, present and future tenses)
• 4 aspects (Progressive, habitual, conative, and perfect aspects)
• 12 moods (Negative, interrogative, superlative, comparative, equative, desiderative, indicative, conditional, abilitative, authoritative, causative and imperative moods)

Infinitive verbs in Kalennian don't have a prefix or suffix, and Kalennian verbs do not inflect for agreement based on the subject or object.

Sentence examples:

Kami kaniteni kulitâ.

1S-POSS dog-PL bark

"My dogs bark"

---

Kami kanite kulitâ.

1S-POSS dog bark

"My dog barks."

As stated in the Vocabulary section of this article, verbs can also be used with derivational prefixes and suffixes to change their grammatical role in a certain sentence.

Tenses

Tenses in Kalennian are expressed through specific suffixes attached to the verb stem. They indicate the time frame in which an action occurs. The primary tense markers are:

Present Tense (-sa)

This suffix is used to indicate that the action is occurring in the present moment.

Example: tânsoli-sa ("sleeps").

Past Tense (-so)

Indicates that the action occurred in the past.

Example: tânsoli-so ("slept").

Future Tense (-se)

Used to denote actions that will take place in the future.

Example: tânsoli-se ("will sleep").

Aspects

Aspects in Kalennian modify the meaning of the verb by providing additional information about the nature of the action, such as whether it is ongoing, completed, or regular:

Conative Aspect (kâs-)

Expresses an attempted action. It can combine with the progressive aspect for ongoing attempts.

Examples:

kâs-tânsoli-sa ("is trying to sleep" - present conative),

kâs-mal-tânsoli-sa ("is in the process of trying to sleep" - conative progressive present).

Habitual Aspect (-sâb)

This suffix expresses actions that occur regularly or habitually over time.

Example: tânsoli-sâb ("sleeps regularly")

Perfect Aspect (-gur)

The perfect aspect indicates that an action has been completed. It can combine with tense markers to show the time of the completed action.

Examples:

tânsoli-sa-gur ("has slept" - present perfect),

tânsoli-so-gur ("had slept" - past perfect),

tânsoli-se-gur ("will have slept" - future perfect).

Progressive Aspect (mal-)

This aspect shows that the action is ongoing. It can be used in any tense.

Examples:

mal-tânsoli-sa ("is sleeping" - present progressive),

mal-tânsoli-so ("was sleeping" - past progressive),

mal-tânsoli-se ("will be sleeping" - future progressive).

An alternative to using the progressive aspect is using a progressive clause. The "progressive clause" is defined as the usage of the verb "gâsto" ("to continue") along with the connector "gâ" ("to") to create "gâsto gâ", and then adding the verb after it to indicate the progressive aspect. The verb, placed after the progressive clause starter "gâsto gâ", does not agree with subject or object of the sentence, just like how Kalennian declarative sentences don't have verbs that agree with the subject or object.

Sentence example:

Gil-dâb gâsto gâ mânna-sâb abinsi, âl âstar-okâsanto-ni!?

INT-2S continue to eat-HAB food, on OMNI-occasion-PL!?

"Why do you always continue to eat food!?"

Moods

Moods in Kalennian express the speaker's attitude toward the action of the verb, such as whether it is a fact, command, wish, or hypothetical situation.

Indicative Mood (-u)

The indicative mood is used for making statements of fact or asking questions. It can combine with tense markers.

Examples:

tânsoli-u ("sleeps" - generic indicative),

tânsoli-sa-u ("is sleeping" - present indicative),

tânsoli-so-u ("was sleeping" - past indicative),

tânsoli-se-u ("will be sleeping" - future indicative).

Imperative Mood (han-)

This mood is used for giving commands. Imperative verbs do not take tense suffixes and require the 2nd person pronoun "dâb" (The "dâb" pronoun is used as an impersonal pronoun in imperative, negative imperative, and imperative-authoritative constructions in Kalennian sentences, considering that impersonal pronouns are not marked) at the start of the sentence. It can combine with the authoritative mood (formed by "han-nâ-") to express commands for 3rd person pronouns. Imperative-authoritative constructions in Kalennian, which still require the 2nd person pronoun to be placed before the imperative-authoritative verb, are addressed to the four 3rd person pronouns (the 3rd person neutral pronoun "kos", the 3rd person pronoun "ber", the 3rd person masculine pronoun "meg", and the 3rd person feminine pronoun "gâl").

Examples:

dâb han-tânsoli ("Sleep!"),

dâb sil-han-tânsoli ("Don’t sleep!"),

dâb han-nâ-tânsoli vaber/vameg/vagâl ("Allow them/him/her to sleep").

Conditional Mood (bân-)

Used for hypothetical situations. It often combines with tense markers to specify when the hypothetical situation could have occurred. Sometimes the negative and progressive prefixes mal- and sil- are either placed at the end of said conditional prefix to indicate the hypothetical action never took place, or the action expresses a consequence or a possible outcome (sil-), and the hypothetical action was continuously happening (mal-). The two prefixes sil- and mal- can be combined together to form "sil-mal-", and placed behind the conditional prefix, indicating that the action was progressively happening in the present (hence the present tense marker -sa), thus being called the "consequential".

Examples:

bân-tânsoli-so ("would have slept" - conditional past),

bân-tânsoli-se ("would sleep" - conditional future),

sil-bân-tânsoli-so ("would not have slept" - negative conditional past),

sil-mal-bân-tânsoli-sa ("would not be sleeping" - consequential conditional present).

Negative Mood (sil-)

This prefix negates the verb, often combined with other moods and tenses.

Examples:

sil-tânsoli ("does not sleep" - negative),

sil-tânsoli-so ("did not sleep" - negative past),

sil-gâr-tânsoli ("does not want to sleep" - negative desiderative).

Desiderative Mood (gâr-)

Expresses a wish or desire for something to happen.

Examples:

gâr-tânsoli ("wants to sleep"),

gâr-mal-tânsoli-sa ("wants to be sleeping" - desiderative progressive present).

Abilitative Mood (en-)

Indicates the ability to perform an action.

Examples:

en-tânsoli-sa ("can sleep" - present abilitative),

sil-en-tânsoli ("can't sleep" - negative abilitative).

Interrogative Mood (gil-)

Used at the start of nouns and pronouns for inquiring about specific things/objects and the identity of something and reasons/causes for certain events related to the pronoun, and the copula "â" for forming "what are...?/what is...?" type questions. Kalennian also allows questions without this prefix, especially when using said copula for linking subjects and predicates, and forming questions with the bare 2nd person accusative pronoun "dâb" (questions like "Have you checked the attic yet?").

Sentence example:

Gil-klâsiye-ni go tikân-ni bân-mânna brâde-so-k-virângo!?

INT-type-PL of people-PL COND-eat fry-PST-PTCP-chicken

"What types of people would eat fried chicken!?"

Superlative Mood (-bi)

Superlative suffix. Used with adjectives to describe something as the highest extreme.

Example with Adjective:

Adjective: tâyalikhe (large)

Superlative: tâyalikhe-bi (largest)

Comparative Mood (-vai)

Comparative suffix. Used with adjectives to compare two people or things.

Example with Adjective:

Adjective: tâyalikhe (large)

Superlative: tâyalikhe-vai (larger)

Equative Mood (-nua)

Equative suffix. Used with adjectives, nouns, and adjective-noun combinations to describe things that are alike.

Example with Adjective:

Adjective: tâyalikhe (large)

Superlative: tâyalikhe-nua (as large as)

Causative Mood (to-)

Indicates causing someone else to perform an action, often having a 2nd or 3rd person pronoun placed before the causative verb.

Examples:

(Pronoun) to-tânsoli-sa ("makes someone sleep" - present causative),

(Pronoun) to-tânsoli-so ("made someone sleep" - past causative).

Authoritative Mood (nâ-)

This mood expresses that the action is allowed or permitted by someone.

Examples:

nâ-tânsoli-sa ("is allowed to sleep" - authoritative present),

nâ-tânsoli-so ("was allowed to sleep" - authoritative past).

Tense-Aspect-Mood combinations

Kalennian also allows for the combination of tense, aspect and mood markers to convey complex meanings. Here are a few examples:

Consequential Conditional Present

sil-mal-bân-tânsoli-sa ("wouldn't be sleeping").

Perfect Present-Progressive Desiderative

gâr-mal-tânsoli-sa-gur ("has been wanting to sleep").

Negative Conative Future

kâs-sil-tânsoli-se ("will not attempt to sleep").

Negative Imperative-Authoritative

dâb sil-han-nâ-tânsoli vaber/vagâl/vameg ("Don’t let them/her/him sleep!”).

Participles

A verb’s meaning can also be modified using the participle modifier suffix "-k".

In Kalennian grammar, present and past participles play a significant role in constructing various types of phrases and expressing additional info about actions or states. Participles are formed by adding the participle modifier suffix "-k" to the verb stem. This suffix is attached to verbs that have the past tense suffix "-so" or the present tense suffix "-sa" to form past ("-so-k") and present participles ("-sa-k"), respectively.

Past participles

Past participles in Kalennian primarily function as adjectives, and they modify nouns.

Verb: "râkuina" (to require)

Past participle: "râkuina-so-k" (required)

Adjective usage: "râkuina-so-k-karetyâ" (required book)

Past participles can also be used within relative clauses to modify the noun they refer to. Relative clauses in Kalennian are introduced by the relativization prefix "grân-", which is placed at the end of verbs. The participle modifier "-k" can be placed at the end of the relativized verb to provide additional information.

Verb: "râkuina" (to require)

Past participle: "râkuina-so-k" (required)

Relative clause usage: "yâ karetyâ â grân-râkuina-so-k" (the book that is required)

Present participles

Present participles in Kalennian predominantly function as gerunds, which are verb forms functioning as nouns. They can serve as nouns, the head of gerund phrases, indirect/direct objects of connectors, adverbial modifiers, and subject complements in certain Kalennian sentences.

Verb: "kuilâva" (to sing)

Present participle: "kuilâva-sa-k" (singing)

Gerund usage: "kuilâva-sa-k âm yâ nâlokta-yât-vârdis-vontâla" (singing in the park)

They can also function as adjectives to modify nouns. To form a present participle, the progressive aspect prefix "mal-" is added to the verb stem. The present, future, and past tense suffixes are not added to the end of the verb stem, however. The resulting form can then modify a noun. The participles act as dependent adjectives that are attached to the start of the modified noun to provide additional information about the noun they modify.

Verb: "kuilâva" (to sing)

Present participle: "mal-kuilâva" (singing)

Adjective usage: "mal-kuilâva-kanite" (singing dog)

These are some of the key uses and functions the participle modifier, as they allow for the expression of various adjectival and nominal concepts, providing flexibility in constructing phrases and conveying additional information about actions and states.

Voice

Kalennian has no grammatical particles for grammatical voice, and instead uses 2 sentence constructions for the passive and active voice. Just like English, Kalennian marks the subject as the nominative, and the object that the action is being affected by is marked as the accusative in the active voice. In the passive voice, Kalennian marks the subject that does the action as the direct object, and the object that is being performed on is marked as the nominative. Accusative subjects (va-) come before the action, and nominative objects (su-) come after the action.

Sentence example:

Vakam â mislâdesokgur vâ ân sulâgundi.

ACC-1S COP deceive-PST-PTCP-PERF by INDEF.ART NOM-company

/vakam ɜ mislɜdɛʃokuɹ vɜ ɜn sulɜgundi/

“I have been deceived by a company.”

Here, the company ("lâgundi") is the subject performing the action of deceiving, as subjects of sentences are marked with the nominative prefix "su-", and "I" ("vakam") is the recipient or target of the action, as objects that are the recipients of verbs in certain Kalennian sentences are marked with the accusative prefix "va-"

Kalennian's in-universe lore

Kalennian, a constructed auxiliary language, was developed by English linguist Sylvester K. Bridgeman in 1895. Bridgeman's goal was to create a language that would replace existing languages such as Spanish in the United States and attract a new group of speakers. The language's name is derived from Bridgeman's childhood experiences feeding kale to rabbits and deer at the zoo. Kalennian does not belong to any language family because its vocabulary consists of a mixture of a posteriori and a priori words.

After Bridgeman's death, poet Colton G. Dannie took over the creation of Kalennian between 1903 and 1923, completing it in 1924. By 1934, there were over 8,945,247 million speakers of Kalennian in the southeastern and midwestern regions of the United States, including 347,524 English-speaking Americans and Native Americans. The language is known for its high level of agglutination and inflection, making it more complex than many natural languages. Kalennian's extensive use of affixes allows for a wide range of grammatical expressions and complexity.

Kalennian has a prominent position in several media, of which television is the most popular. Overcast member station KCFD-TV, known as KTV (Kalennian Television), has broadcast programming exclusively on Kalennian for 44 years. Overcast, originally a cable and satellite installation service called "DNA Cable", became a public broadcaster in 2009. KCFD-TV is widely recognized as Kalennian's best-known television station.

In 1952, Rovârki-Trâsimku became the first incorporated town in Kalennian. Founded by Lobâmna Rovârki and Sotornâ Trâsimku, the city gained a reputation for its noisy and toxic Kalennian-speaking community. Although they are a minority, many residents of Rovârki-Trâsimku have been involved in hate crimes against Americans, racist behavior, and human trafficking.

The first Kalennian production company, Gâdhitiâthavinâr, was founded in 2001 in Rovârki-Trâsimku, Missouri. Formed by film school dropouts Chidiebele Scovia, Shelley Kamryn and Timothy Avery, the company mainly produces horror, drama and comedy films. Many of their films have been broadcast on KCFD-TV. The Gâdhitiâthavinâr logo, designed by Tim Averie, is prominently featured at the beginning of their films. The company also organized an art exhibition showcasing its thought-provoking artworks in 2014.

Founded in 1992, the Kalennian Deaf Association (Kalennian: Ulonyoga go Belârisimpâresso Kâlenitikânni) promotes the rights of deaf and hearing-impaired people who speak Kalennian. The headquarters of the organization is located in the southeastern part of the United States. The Deaf Kalennian community, like the entire Kalennian-speaking community, has widely accepted and embraced its linguistic and cultural roots.

The flag of Kalennian (Kalennian: Kâlenivuiksi) has been used since the 19th century to symbolize the strength, freedom, unity and purity of the people and culture of the Kalennian language. The flag design, created by artist Maxwell Chandra in 1956, features black, blue and white.

When it comes to English language skills, most Kalennian speakers in the Southeast region speak it fluently. About 57% of Kalennian speakers learn English in language classes, and 45% have a basic understanding of English while speaking mainly Kalennian.

Kalennians live in various regions of the United States, mainly in the Southeast and Midwest. They have established communities where they use the Kalennian language as their primary language of communication. Kalennian speakers live in urban areas, suburban areas, and rural communities, just like any other language group. The Kalennian people participate in their everyday life in work, education, internet, socializing. They have a variety of occupations, including jobs in fields such as healthcare, education, business, and entertainment. Children who speak Kalennian attend schools where the Kalennian language is used as a teaching tool/subject.

Sample text

The following sample text in this section is a Kalennian translation of the 1st Article of the United Declaration of Human Rights:

Âstartikânni, antrâpayât vâr silantrâpayât, â hosâtsok vâs strâglaga âd bârdiga, âs ân noskipaltâs go varânti âd solemnitâ. Suber â lonvesok ân persepiyâno go kostumbrâga, âd suber â tâmassok gâ dilâyedhe bestâtikânni disekrâgaamilâyâtlât âd mutubhâllât.

Gloss

OMNI-person-PL human-ADJZ or NEG-human-ADJZ, COP birth-PST-PTCP with free-NMLZ and equal-NMLZ, as INDEF.ART necessary-part of privilege and dignity. NOM-3S COP give-PST-PTCP INDEF.ART perception of moral-NMLZ, and NOM-3S COP expect-PST-PTCP to treat other-person-PL respect-NMLZ-fill-ADJZ-ADVZ and reciprocal-ADVZ.

IPA

/ɜstaɹtikɜːi ant͡ɬɹɜpajɜt vɜɹ silant͡ɬɹɜpajɜt ɜ hosɜtsok vɜʃ st͡ɬɹɜglaga ɜð bɜɹdiga ɜʃ ɜn noskipaltɜʃ go vaɹɜnti ɜð solɛmnitɜ subɛɹ ɜ lonvɛʃok ɜn pɛɹsɛpijɜno go kostumbɹɜga, ɜð subɛɹ ɜ tɜmaːok gɜ dilɜjɛze bɛstɜtikɜːi disɛkɹɜgamilɜjɜlɜt ɜð mutuwɜːɜt/

Translation

"All people, human or not, are born with freedom and equality, as a necessary part of privilege and dignity. They are given a perception of morality, and they are expected to treat other people respectfully and mutually."