Kandese | |||||||||||||
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Type | Analytic | ||||||||||||
Alignment | Nominative-accusative | ||||||||||||
Head direction | Head-final | ||||||||||||
Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
Genders | Masculine, feminine and neuter | ||||||||||||
Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
Case | Number | ||||||||||||
Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
Person | Number | ||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
Meta-information | |||||||||||||
Progress | 0% | ||||||||||||
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Creator | Camrenzza |
Kandese (Kandese: lan Kandes; Kalennian: Kândessomakna) is an artificial constructed language created by Cammzy Armster. After the success of his previous conlang Kalennian, Cammzy decided to make another conlang by experimenting with analytic languages and seeing how they function in real life, after seeing an Artifexian video detailing the explanation of different types of synthetic natural languages. As of now, the creator has not announced any resources for the language, as Kandese is currently developing.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-
dental |
Dental | Alveolar | Post-
Alveolar |
Alveolo-
palatal |
Palatal | Labio-
velar |
Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
Nasal | m | n | |||||||||||||||||
Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | g | |||||||||||||
Fricative | f | v | s | ʃ | ʒ | h | |||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | l | ||||||||||||||||||
Affricate | t͡ʃ | t͡s | |||||||||||||||||
Approximant | ɾ | j | w |
Vowels[]
Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |
Close | i | u | ||
Close-mid | ø | o | ||
Open-mid | ɛ | |||
Open | a |
Latin orthography[]
ó
/ø/ |
a
/a/ |
b
/b/ |
d
/d/ |
e
/ɛ/ |
g
/g/ |
h
/h/ |
i
/i/ |
k
/k/ |
l
/l/ |
m
/m/ |
n
/n/ |
o
/o/ |
p
/p/ |
r
/ɾ/ |
s
/s/ |
t
/t/ |
u
/u/ |
v
/v/ |
w
/w/ |
j
/ʒ/ |
x
/ʃ/ |
ch
/tʃ/ |
ts
/t͡s/ |
y
/j/ |
f
/f/ |
Phonotactics[]
Unlike Kalennian, Kandese uses a basic CVC syllable structure, and does not allow complex consonant clusters. This means that every word in the language must include either CV, CVC, or CVCVC (this syllable structure is mostly used for transcribing names of countries, places, or states). When simplifying borrowed terms from other languages with complex clusters, they can be adapted to fit the CVC structure. For example, “Kalennian” is transcribed in Kandese as “Kalinón”.
Grammar[]
Kandese grammar is relatively simple. As stated in this article's infobox, Kandese is an analytic language, and thus uses various particles to convey simple concepts. Each particle (and classifier) is separated by spaces in all contexts, and they do not connect together like in Kalennian. Kandese uses SVO (subject-verb-object) word order, like Kalennian. Nouns and pronouns decline for number, case and gender, verbs inflect for tense and mood, and adjectives decline for mood.
Nouns[]
Nouns in Kandese are treated the same way that Kalennian nouns are, except that the 5 noun declension particles (specifically dim, dem, pó, si, and lop) that accompany nouns are placed before nouns/pronouns, and that si is only used to mark the object of a sentence and not the direct object, as dim is used to mark the direct object.
Sentence examples:
Pó mi kex cho si dób. (where si marks dób as the object)
NOM-1S-VERB-EYE-ACC-2S
"I see you."
Pó mi kex bin dim dób. (where dim marks dób as the direct object)
NOM-1S-VERB-DES-D.OBJ-2S
"I want you."
When identifying the biological gender of a noun or pronoun, Kandese uses the gender particles fen (feminine), mol (masculine), and xak (neuter), which are added before the noun/pronoun.
Sample text[]
The following sample text is a Kandese translation of an excerpt of one of Aesop's fables.
Se anay kal xón gól: anay mol kón du kex mate tu guran chak tu wi kex xa vó kit sipót loy. An mol kón du, kex bin góx an mol kón du se kex bam kex chak vó kit, kex udagón tu si mol kol se anay kex xa vó kit kón kelin. An mol kón du kex giyak tu se anay kón purógan se anay kex xa vó kit kón kelin, wi anay mol kón du kex xó tu dofóx ha.
Morphological breakdown[]
Se-anay-kal-xón-gól: anay-mol-kón-du-kex-mate-tu-guran-chak-tu-wi-kex-xa-vó-kit-sipót-loy. An-mol-kón-du-kex-bin-góx-an-mol-kón-du-se-kex-bam-kex-chak-vó-kit, kex-udagón-tu-si-mol-kol-se-anay-kex-xa-vó-kit-kón-kelin. An-mol-kón-du-kex-giyak-tu-se-anay-kón-purógan-se-anay-kex-xa-vó-kit-kón-kelin, wi-an-mol-kón-du-kex-xó-tu-dofóx-ha.
Gloss[]
PREP-INDEF.ART-ADJ-FULL-POSITIVE-INDEF.ART-MASC-NOUN-ANIMAL-VERB-EXIST-PAST-REL-MOUTH-PAST-CONJ-VERB-LEGS-PRES-PTCPL-FAST-INTSF-DEF.ART-MASC-NOUN-ANIMAL-VERB-WANT-PROG-DEF-MASC-NOUN-ANIMAL-PREP-VERB-CESS-VERB-MOUTH-PRES-PTCPL-VERB-INVITE-PAST-ACC-MASC-3RD-PREP-INDEF.ART-VERB-LEGS-PRES-PTCPL-NOUN-CONTEST-DEF.ART-MASC-NOUN-ANIMAL-VERB-SLEEP-PAST-PREP-INDEF.ART-NOUN-FORWARD-PREP-INDEF.ART-VERB-LEGS-PRES-PTCPL-NOUN-CONTEST-CONJ-DEF.ART-MASC-NOUN-ANIMAL-VERB-MOVEMENT-PAST-SLOW-ADV
IPA[]
/sɛ anaj kal ʃøŋ gøl anaj mol køn du kɛʃ matɛ tu guɾan tʃak tu wi kɛʃ ʃa vø kit sipø loj an mol køn du kɛʃ bin gøʃ an mol køn du sɛ kɛʃ bam kɛʃ tʃak vø kit kɛʃ udagøn tu si mo kol sɛ anaj kɛʃ ʃa vø kit køn kɛlin an mol køn du kɛʃ gijak tu sɛ anaj køn puɾøgan sɛ anaj kɛʃ ʃa vø kit køn kɛlin wi an mol køn du kɛʃ ʃø tu doføʃ ha/
Translation[]
"Once, there was a speedy hare who bragged about how fast he could run. Tired of the hare's boasting, the tortoise challenged him to a race. The hare, confident he would win, took a nap during the race. Meanwhile, the tortoise kept moving slowly but steadily."