Kapaupa

Kapaupa
Type
Alignment
Head direction
Tonal	No
Declensions	Yes
Conjugations	Yes
Genders	4
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect
Meta-information
Progress	0%
Statistics Nouns 0% Verbs 0% Adjectives 0% Syntax 0% Words of 1500
Creator	Rainierroitayam

Classification and Dialects

Kapaupa (pronounced as [ka-pau-pa]) is a language used by the Kappan Empire in the Cappau Continent. It has 6 Dialects (one is Extinct) and here are the percentage of the population who are either use it as their native language or secondary in the Kappan Empire. For info lovers, i also putted when the dialect was formed:

	Native Speakers	Secondary	When Had Formed
Ancient	2.5%	25%	1200 BCE
Thonic	14%	22%	650 BCE
Seconic	16%	17%	490 BCE
Thono-Seconic	60%	16%	300 BCE
Vigic	7.5%	25%	50 BCE
Other Languages	0%	5%

By the way, the one that is extinct is Proto-Ancient. It got extinct due to the big respellings in the Ancient Dialect.

Phonology

Consonant

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	p b			t d		c ɟ	k g	ʔ
Fricative		f v	θ	s z				h
Affricates					tʃ dʒ
Approximant						j
Trill				r
Lateral				l

Some consonants that are not in the table:

[w] (voiced labial-velar approximant)

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
High	i y				u
Near-high		ɪ		ʊ
High-mid		e			o
Mid			ə
Low			a

Phonotactics

First, the structure of this language. It's structure will be (C)(C)(H)(H)V(C)(H)(H) or (C²)(H²)V(C)(H²).

C is for the consonants, V for the vowels, and H are some unique consonants that can change the sound of a consonant without being a separate consonant sound itself except for "s". Here are what letters are in each category:

C - b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, ng, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z, ʔ

V - a, e, ə, i, o, u

H - h, w, y, s ("s" will sound like "ʃ")

Also, the dialects Thonic and Ancient Kapaupa does not have the "H" group.

Secondly, we should deal with clusters and the rules for the "H" group. It's obvious that a consonant should NOT cluster with itself, even in that "H" group. Heres another rule, obstruents-sonorants cluster pairs only.

Thirdly, there are also rules for vowels and the nucleus. Unless if a "-thong" like diphthongs, triphthongs, etc. vowels should be separated by other vowels using a glottal stop. And if a word should NEVER start with a vowel sound, if it does, put a glottal stop right before the first vowel.

Writing System

The writing system is a Featural system with minor tweaks and different positions of the letters in each dialect. I also added some consonants where their sounds are changed.

	(a)	(b)	(d)	(e)	(f)	(g)	(h)	(i)	(k)	(l)	(m)	(n)
Sound	a	b	d	e	f	g	h	i ɪ	k	l	m	n
Letter	(ng)	(o)	(p)	(r)	(s)	(t)	(u)	(v)	(w)	(y)	(z)	(ə)
Sound	ŋ	o	p	r	s	t	u ʊ	v	w	j y	z	ə
Letter	(ʔ)	ny	ts	ky	dz	gy
Sound	ʔ	ɲ	tʃ	c	dʒ	ɟ

By the way, here is also how the letters are written, the only exception is the dialect Vigic Kapaupa, which is written like how we write in English. The rows is read left to right and a book is read up to down, but in each letter cluster like this, you read it left to right but DOWN to UP.

	H V
	C
	V

Grammar

Nouns

Possessive forms

It's actually just kinda simple to do the possessive form of a noun in this language. For most nouns, add "-uos" to the end. Example:

(Human) pepei --> (Human's) pepeiuos

For words that end with "u", use "-suos" instead. Example:

(Ant) rimicru --> (Ant's) rimicrusuos

Verbs

Past and Future Tenses

It's also simple to make verbs to have past or future tenses.

For past tense, add "-go" at the end. Example:

(go) hogosi --> (went) hogosigo

For future tense, add "-sog" instead. Example:

(go) hogosi --> (will go) --> hogosisog

Lexicon

Since I cannot just put all of the words there, I putted some links to paste.ee:

https://paste.ee/p/gJDEd

(more words on the next heading)

I also have the word for numbers in Kapaupa: Numerical and Mathematical system of Kapaupa

Example text

This language borrowed some terms in other languages like English for a bunch of times and Latin for only once. Here is the table of the translations:

No.	English	Kapaupa
1	I	sif
2	you (singular)	yif
3	he	miv
4	we	sigup
5	you (plural)	yigup
6	they	ogup
7	this	nobum
8	that	fobum
9	here	nomo
10	there	henomo
11	who	weim
12	what	wagup
13	where	wenom
14	when	weta
15	how	weko
16	not	ni
17	all	agup
18	many	magup
19	some	gop
20	few	tagup
21	other	onagup
22	one	wuno
23	two	towo
24	three	rhowo
25	four	tero
26	five	kyowo
27	big	bagga
28	long	grogo
29	wide	gorgo
30	thick	ghrago
31	heavy	mago
32	small	bagmo
33	short	groma
34	narrow	gorma
35	thin	ghrama
36	woman	kwepe
37	man (adult male)	nwopo
38	man (human being)	pepei / pepeiyha
39	child	bagpei
40	wife	krepwe
41	husband	nropwo
42	mother	krepne
43	father	nropno
44	animal	nipei
45	fish	wipei
46	bird	flipei
47	dog	canna
48	louse	hepetei
49	snake	dagowe
50	worm	wopei
51	tree	tro
52	forest	agotro
53	stick	stau
54	fruit	pet
55	seed	peton
56	leaf	gratro
57	root	hatro
58	bark	tratro
59	flower	vitro
60	grass	titro
61	rope	sitritro
62	skin	totsa
63	meat	mata
64	blood	likwaha
65	bone	sito
66	fat	skwa
67	egg	tsiba
68	horn	elamour
69	tail	tal
70	feather	pater
71	hair	haer
72	head	hed
73	ear	odier
74	eye	sitier
75	nose	smelier
76	mouth	hagkwa
77	tooth	chawa
78	tongue	tatswa
79	fingernail	stihad
80	foot	habea
81	leg	habeala
82	knee	habealama
83	hand	had
84	wing	flihad
85	belly	skwaha
86	guts	pupei
87	neck	hedko
88	back	bakwo
89	breast	browa
90	heart	puripakar
91	liver	libar
92	drink	dikro
93	eat	atro
94	bite	baite
95	suck	suma
96	spit	sipitua
97	vomit	disgusitua
98	blow	blawa
99	breathe	gratwa
100	laugh	khawei
101	see	sitia
102	hear	odi
103	know	ngawa
104	think	ngowawa
105	smell	oloma
106	fear	flater
107	sleep	hypa
108	live	loa
109	die	awol
110	kill	sawol
111	fight	nipater
112	hunt	nipeiwol
113	hit	collama
114	cut	slica
115	split	plica
116	stab	tata
117	scratch	kraka
118	dig	dogga
119	swim	wia
120	fly	flia
121	walk	waak
122	come	coma
123	lie	lianana
124	sit	sitsa
125	stand	nisitsa
126	turn	tuna
127	fall	pal
128	give	gab
129	hold	hald
130	squeeze	skwaka
131	rub	robbama
132	wash	wassa
133	wipe	waipa
134	pull	pulla
135	push	nipulla
136	throw	trowa
137	tie	tiye
138	sew	siyew
139	count	cot
140	say	saiya
141	sing	singa
142	play	playana
143	float	flat
144	flow	somoflat
145	freeze	prez
146	swell	swa
147	sun	hetyhai
148	moon	monyhai
149	star	fohetyhai
150	water	—
151	rain	—
152	river	—
153	lake	—
154	sea	—
155	salt	—
156	stone	—
157	sand	—
158	dust	—
159	earth	—
160	cloud	—
161	fog	—
162	sky	—
163	wind	—
164	snow	—
165	ice	—
166	smoke	—
167	fire	—
168	ash	—
169	burn	—
170	road	loyen
171	mountain	monum
172	red	—
173	green	—
174	yellow	—
175	white	—
176	black	—
177	night	—
178	day	—
179	year	—
180	warm	—
181	cold	—
182	full	—
183	new	—
184	old	—
185	good	—
186	bad	—
187	rotten	—
188	dirty	—
189	straight	—
190	round	—
191	sharp	—
192	dull	—
193	smooth	—
194	wet	—
195	dry	—
196	correct	—
197	near	—
198	far	—
199	right	—
200	left	—
201	at	—
202	in	—
203	with	—
204	and	—
205	if	—
206	because	—
207	name	—

Here I will translate this thing to my language both in Latin alphabet written version and IPA written version.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Translated:

agup pepeiyha uwuom kutrol en ekwi i dignio en ritsu. ogup endowedo wo rasuo en konsiense en shud ak towodo uanbodu i seualit o brodehiya.

IPA:

ʔa-gup pe-peɪ-y^ha ʔu-wu-om ku-trol ʔen ʔek-wi ʔi dig-n^yo ʔen rit-su | ʔo-gup ʔen-do-we-do wo ra-su-o ʔen kon-sien-se ʔen s^hud ʔak to-wo-do ʔu-an-bo-du ʔi se-u-a-lit ʔo bro-de-hi-ja

Transcription (no word will repeat):

• agup - all
• pepeiyha - human beings
• uwuom - born
• kutrol - free
• en - and
• ekwi - equal
• i - in
• dignio - dignity
• ritsu - rights
• ogup - they
• endowendo - endowed
• wo - with
• rasuo - reason
• konsiense - consistence
• shud - should
• ak - act
• towodo - towards
• uanbodu - one another
• seualit - spirit
• o - of
• brodehiya - brotherhood