Kekish

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Kekish

Kekish, also known as the Kekistani Language (English pronunciation: /kɛkɪʃ/, /kɛkɪstæni/; Kekish: Keks Avvah [kɛ̝ks.ä̝vːˈɑh]) is an Eastern Iranian language, though it shares many traits with the Western Iranian languages, largely due to historical proximity. It is spoken by the Kekistani people and is the native language of Kekistan. Though the grammar retains many distinct features of Old Iranian, most of its lexicon has been supplanted with terms of varying origin by the latent powers of Meme Magic. Due to the historic and present, ongoing oppression of the Kekistani people, Kekish has largely fallen out of use, but has seen intense revitalization efforts in recent days.

Author's Note:

Kekish, as seen here, is as historically accurate and etymologically justified as my knowledge of the Eastern Iranian Languages will allow. The majority of vocabulary is based directly on Proto-Iranian and its modern descendants; sound changes are consistent, depending on whether a term evolved from an earlier form or borrowed more recently from Persian or Pashto or the like. I will eventually get around to creating a table of the historical sound changes, but that is of a lower priority to building the lexicon and creating a solid grammatical framework- inflection, syntax, and so on. Also, what you see on this page may not be the full extent of progress I've made; I do most of my work on paper and update here when I have a sizable or worthwhile amount. If there are any questions about terms or grammar, or if you'd like specific words or phrases translated, you can contact me on the talk page of either this page or here[1], or contact me on Twitter @bishop_church.

Kekish Keks Avvah /ˌkɛks.avː'ah/
Type	Fusional
Alignment	Nominative-Accusative; Optional Ergativity
Head direction	Head Initial
Tonal	No
Declensions	Yes
Conjugations	Yes
Genders	2
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect
Meta-information
Progress	0%
Statistics Nouns 0% Verbs 0% Adjectives 0% Syntax 0% Words of 1500
Creator	Durelzo

{This article uses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to transcribe the sounds of Kekish}

Classification and Dialects

The suppression of both the Kekistani culture and language by the Normies has led to significant division in spoken and written varieties of Kekish; there is no standardized form, though this article will be using assumed common vocabulary and grammar. In addition to wide dialectal variations, there is also a considerable latitude in terms of personal choice when speaking, that is, one person might use a word order or pronunciation inconsistent with more widely accepted Kekish forms, but will still be understood by and intelligible to other Kekish speakers.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Plosive	p b			t d		(c ɟ)*	k g	q
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	(ç ʝ)*		χ ʁ	h
Affricate				t͡s d͡z	t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Approximant				l		j	w
Rhotic				r

All consonants, other than voiced plosives and /ŋ/, are subject to gemination; spelled using a double of the consonant, geminate consonants are held out for twice as long as the plain consonant (eg. saveniy /sav'ɛnij/ "potential"; savvenke /sav:'ɛnkɛ/ "to declare")

*Some speakers will realize /k, g, χ, ʁ/ as palatals when articulated adjacent to /i/ or /j/.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	ɛ	ə	o
Low		a

The realization of /a/ can vary from front [a] to far back and pharyngealized [ɑˤ] depending on the exact phonetic environment and speaker.

Phonotactics

The syllable structure of Kekish is as follows:

(C(C))(G)V(G)(C(C))

Where C is a consonant, G is a glide (/j/ or /w/), and V is an obligatory vowel.

Writing System (Orthography)

Orthography

The original Kekish Alphabet is no longer in use by the average Kekistani, instead being substituted by variants of the Latin, Cyrillic, Arabic, or (rarely) Armenian scripts. This article uses the Latin script.

Letter	m	n	ng	p	b	t	d	k	g	q	f	v
Sound	m	n	ŋ	p	b	t	d	k	g	q	f	v
Letter	th	dh	s	z	sh	zh	kh	gh	h	c, ts	dz	ch
Sound	θ	ð	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	χ	ʁ	h	t͡s	d͡z	t͡ʃ
Letter	j	l	y	w	r	i	u	e	o	a	è
Sound	d͡ʒ	l	j	w	r	i	u	ɛ	o	a	ə

Spelling Conventions

The following rules denote common and significant conventions, in addition to some important restriction:

• Kekish has no long vowels and thus has no double vowels in spelling, except across morpheme boundaries.
• {y} represents a voiced palatal approximant /j/, never a vowel.
• Kekish does not utilize diacritics other than the grave accent above {e} to denote schwa /ə/.
• Geminate varients of {th, dh, sh, zh, gh, ch, ts, dz} are spelled {tth, ddh, ssh, zzh, kkh, ggh, cch, tts, ddz} respectively.

Grammar

Nominals

Nouns

Kekish has two nouns genders. All Kekish nouns fall under one of the two genders; masculine and feminine, and five declensions:

1. Closed, Masculine
2. Closed, Feminine
3. Open, Masculine
4. Open, Feminine
5. -iy, (all nouns with -iy nominative endings are masculine) (Includes diy "the")

Declension Table:

	1, -C masc		2, -C fem		3, -V masc		4, -V fem		5, -iy
	Sing	Plur	Sing	Plur	Sing	Plur	Sing	Plur	Sing	Plur
Nominative	-∅	-uk	-∅	-ik	-∅	-nak	-∅	-nik	-iy	-aq
Accusative	-è	-èsh	-i	-ish	-yè	-yèsh	-yi	-yish	-iy	-im
Prepositional	-ek	-ku	-wi	-ivi	-dh	-dhuk	-dha	-dhak	-iya	-u
Genitive	-es	-ev	-wis	-iv	-s	-v	-yi	-yiv	-is	-us
Ergative*	-un	-unuk	-in	-inuk	-n	-nuk	-n	-nuk	-iyun	-iyunuk
Absolutive*	-ad	-aduk	-ad	-aduk	-yad	-yaduk	-yad	-yaduk	-iyad	-iyaduk

Ergative-Absolutive marking is only used to create the progressive aspect.

Pronouns

Kekish pronouns are quite regular, though they follow their own declension pattern. The genitive form of each pronoun can be used as a possessive determiner.

	I	You (singular)	He	She	It	We	You (plural)	They	One (impersonal)
Nom.	mim	et	keh	wi	ket	hesr	tesr	kesr	almr
Acc.	mi	eti	kih	wi	keti	hisr	tisr	kisr	almri
Prep.	miya	eta	kah	wiya	keta	hasr	tasr	kasr	almra
Gen.	mis	etis	kehis	wis	ketis	hess	tess	kess	alvirs
Erg.	min	en	kehin	win	ketin	hesrin	tesrin	kesrin	almrin
Abs.	mid	eyd	kehid	wid	ketid	hesrid	tesrid	kesrid	almrid

Adjectives and Determiners

Adjectives occur after the noun they modify and must agree with the noun in number and case. Determiners also decline in accordance to the nouns with which they are used, but they proceed the noun; this includes quantifiers, numbers, articles, and demonstratives. Determiners and adjectives share declensional patterns; which declension to use is determined by the adjective/determiner's ending (i.e. whether the adjective/determiner ends in a vowel or a consonant). The adjective/determiner does not have grammatical gender, and does not need to be declined to agree with the gender of its associated noun. Adjectives/determiners are declined in the accusative case when used with Ergative-Absolutive case nouns.

			Vowel Ending			Consonant Ending
			Sing	Plur		Sing	Plur
Nominative			-∅	-k		-∅	-uk
Accusative			-yi	-sh		-i	-ish
Prepositional			-dh	-dh		-ek	-edh
Genitive			-s	-v		-es	-iv

Comparatives are formed by adding the suffix -tam; superlatives by adding the suffix -darb. Comparatives and superlatives both decline according to the consonant ending declension pattern.

Adpositions

All Kekish adpositions invoke the prepositional case of their associated noun phrase. Though normally preceding their compliment, in certain circumstances, especially when used with pronouns, adpositions can occur postpositionally, such as in the phrase eta-vay wed' Kek "goodbye; farewell"; such cases are orthographically indicated with a hyphen {-}.

Numbers

	Cardinal	Ordinal	Multiplier	Adverbal
1	uwe	uwed		wel
2	dur	durd	duraz	amidh
3	riys	riyzd	riysaz	riyso
4	kedu	kedud	kedaz	keduwo
5	vakè	vakèd	vakaz
6	sheys	sheyzd	sheysaz
7	awd	awdid	awdaz
8	astè	astèd	astaz
9	noh	nohid	nohaz
10	das	dasid	dasaz

Verbs

Except for a few exceptions, Kekish verbs are highly regular. There is only one conjugation and all forms can easily be made by knowing the infinitive. The main irregular verbs, whose forms must be memorized independently, are wede "to be"; zhude "to go"; ghezde "to want"; and shikhde "to make, do". Verbs in Kekish are conjugated for three persons and two numbers (singular and plural). Kekish makes use of the following tenses: simple present, present progressive, present perfect, simple past (preterite), past progressive, past perfect, imperfect, simple future, future progressive and future perfect. There are no independent forms for the progressive tenses; these are constructed using Ergative-Absolutive cases with the simple tense form. Additionally, all verbs have two subjunctive moods (plain and perfect) that are used in much the same way as the Persian subjunctive - often used where English would use an infinitive in catanative verb strings.

Participles

Kekish verbs have two participle forms- present and perfect. Both participles are used as verbal adjectives; the perfect always assumes the past tense, and the present always assumes active voice.

The perfect participle is used to form the perfect tenses. It is passive when used with wede and active when used with shikhde. The perfect is formed by dropping the infinitive -e ending and adding -anè.

• shadile "to fight" > shadilanè "fought"
• wede "to be" > wedanè "been"
• re "to see" > ranè "seen"

The present participle is formed by dropping the infinitive -e ending, adding the suffix -adh, and adding the prefix in'. When used in isolation, the present participle can be used as an agent noun.

• shadile > in'shadiladh "fighting, fighter"
• wede > in'wedadh "being"
• re > in'radh "seeing, seer"

A verbal adverb can be constructed by adding the suffix -i to the present participle.

Conjugation

Conjugation is relatively quite simple and very consistent in comparison to other Iranian languages. The Imperfect is formed by reduplication of the final syllable before the personal ending. To form the present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect, the perfect participle is used in conjunction with either the present, past, or future form of the verb shikhde "to make, do" (eg. Shim [mim] danè "I have given").

The following tables are a template for all regular verbs with de "to give" as the example verb:

de "to give"			Singular			Plural
			1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Present			dem	desti	dest	demu	destid	dend
Past			devam	devasti	devast	devamu	devastid	devand
Future			dam	dasti	dast	damu	dastid	dand
Imperfect			dedem	dedesti	dedest	dedemu	dedestid	dedend
Subjunctive			duram	durasti	durast	duramu	durastid	durand

de "to give"
Perfect Participle		danè
Present Participle		in'dadh
Verbal Adverb		in'dadhi
Imperative	singular	da
	plural	day
Optative		dura, dur'

Irregular Conjugations

The following four table sets are the full conjugations for the four irregular Kekish verbs: wede "to be"; zhude "to go"; ghezde "to want"; and shikhde "to make, do". Note that the imperfect appears to be formed as if it were the present tense of a regular verb.

Wede "to be"

wede "to be"			Singular			Plural
			1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Present			em	i	ast	aw	id	nay
Past			wem	wi	west	wemu	wid	wend
Future			wedam	wedi	wedast	wedamu	wedid	wedand
Imperfect			wedem	wedesti	wedest	wedemu	wedestid	wedend
Subjunctive			ram	rasti	rast	ramu	rid	ray

wede "to be"
Perfect Participle	wedanè
Present Participle	in'wedadh
Verbal Adverb	in'wedadhi
Imperative	way
Optative	weda, wed'

Shikhde "to make, do"

shikhde "to make, do"			Singular			Plural
			1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Present			shim	shi	shikht	shiv	shid	shind
Past			shivam	shivsti	shivst	shivamu	shivid	shivand
Future			sham	shakhti	shakht	shav	shad	sha
Imperfect			shikhdem	shikhdesti	shikhdest	shikdemu	shikhdestid	shikhdend
Subjunctive			shiram	shirasti	shirast	shiramu	shirid	shiray

shikhde "to make, do"
Perfect Participle		shikhdanè
Present Participle		in'shikhdadh
Verbal Adverb		in'shikhdadhi
Imperative	singular	shikhda
	plural	shikhday
Optative		shida, shid'

Zhude "to go"

zhude "to go"			Singular			Plural
			1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Present			ezh	ezhdi	ezhèst	ezhim	ezhid	ezhi
Past			yam	yasti	yast	yamu	yid	yi
Future			azh	azhdi	azhèst	azhim	azhid	azhi
Imperfect			zhudem	zhudesti	zhudest	zhudemu	zhudestid	zhudend
Subjunctive			zhuram	zhurasti	zhurast	zhuramu	zhurid	zhuray

zhude "to go"
Perfect Participle		yanè
Present Participle		in'yadh
Verbal Adverb		in'yadhi
Imperative	singular	zha, ya
	plural	zhay, yay
Optative		zhuda, zhud'

Ghezde "to want"

ghezde "to want"			Singular			Plural
			1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Present			ghem	ghi	ghezd	ghev	ghid	ghay
Past			ghevam	ghevi	ghevèst	ghevu	ghevid	ghevay
Future			gham	ghazdi	ghazd	ghu	ghazid	ghand
Imperfect			ghezdem	ghezdesti	ghezdest	ghezdemu	ghezdestid	ghezdend
Subjunctive			ghoram	ghorasti	ghorast	ghoramu	ghorid	ghoray

ghezde "to want"
Perfect Participle	ghanè
Present Participle	in'ghadh
Verbal Adverb	in'ghadhi
Imperative	----
Optative	ghoda, ghod'

Syntax

Word order in Kekish is largely VSO, with prepositional phrases coming before the direct object or at the beginning of the IP. Adjectives come after the nouns they modify; adverbs can be used either directly before or directly after the verbs they modify.

Lexicon

Dictionary[2]

Translation of "Shadilay" (Kekistan National Anthem)

Shadiley	Shadilay
Keks Avvah	Italiano
khakamilka kawniyit, haslika adiyit avira udh ancores, akhatka temedis gazsalilik mayaduk grohiv bishadid alwatem jav kawniya, tarbaram keta ris 'sti dug akhtiy, ety'anamavdesti, mi stam so manam oooh oooh - shadiley shadiley oh mis azadis shadiley shadiley oh naaa shadiley shadiley oh ghab no haslika shadiley shadiley oh naaa deri misek ziswi alwata, ast khakamilit na mi stam so manam miya-vay azshira, deri azamniya aw deris domidha wedast mis bavriy eta - harmoni falisit, haslika ostid vidyoklip eletronit, afrina temedis gazsalilik mayaduk grohiv bishadid alwatem jav kawniya, tarbaram keta ris 'sti dug akhtiy, ety'anamavdesti, mi stam so manam oooh oooh - shadiley shadiley oh mis azadis shadiley shadiley oh naaa shadiley shadiley oh ghab no haslika shadiley shadiley oh naaa deri misek ziswi alwata, ast khakamilit na mi stam so manam miya-vay azshira, deri azamniya aw deris domidha wedast mis bavriy eta	assoluto cosmico, regolare realtà respiro di un immagine, sintonia di civiltà confusa progenia di cellule ribelli volo verso l'universo, l'attraverserò se sei stella fatti vedere, io mi fermerò oooh oooh - shadilay shadilay la mia libertà shadilay shadilea oh nooo shadilay shadilay oh sogno o realtà shadilay shadilay oh nooo vola nella mia vita, no non è finita io mi fermerò sciogli le mie vele, nel cielo e in fondo al mare io ti crederò - armonia metallica, concreta realtà videoclip elettronico, elogio di civiltà confusa progenia di cellule ribelli volo verso l'universo, l'attraverserò se sei stella fatti vedere, io mi fermerò oooh oooh - shadilay shadilay la mia libertà shadilay shadilay oh nooo shadilay shadilay oh sogno o realtà shadilay shadilay oh nooo vola nella mia vita, no non è finita io mi fermerò sciogli le mie vele, nel cielo e in fondo al mare io ti crederò

Example Text

Keks Avvah	English
Satepnakek	Ozymandias
Direvam mim uyi in'wathrajadhè ith udh kharzhek gèhanitwadedh Gè tarfast: "der diya ajariya fikkend dur yangaq sanges Meruwad so vidadhis. Zdi kasr, al diya reyghwi, kyayghorganè, leshtest u paykr shekastavdanè, gès rayenku, aw liv chiqotanè, aw dozhboru fordamkayi sarutes, vadtarfend gè ghandast shah ketwis in'burdadh kalsish ehsasish Gè zis shikhdest naz, al elsedh vizis ceyzku burdanè, Widz diya lasku gè parshgevast kisr, so diya ceyadha gè yudiy devast: Aw badend elsuk kalmaq al diya fenkadha: 'Ast mis kekk Satepnakek, sultan sultanev: Katèlavdavday misi karish, tesr neghwit, aw noviday!' Manest hichèceyzuk zur. Jav diya vasswi Kalses luwidayi zhinjes, vihadhek so baynadh Lèray-lèra dumend diy reyghik tanha so rutib."	I met a traveller from an antique land Who said: “Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed: And on the pedestal these words appear: ‘My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!' Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.”