Ktarh Dictionary

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Abbreviations
s.	Noun/Substantive
pn.	Pronoun
adj.	Adjective
n.	Number
v.	Verb
cv.	Coverb
p.	Particle
b.	Binder
f.	Fuser
pf.	Prefix
sf.	Suffix
cf.	Circumfix
sp.	Special formation
exp.	Expletive
r.	Rude, offensive
ph.	Phrase, saying
de.	Derivation
hsū	Hsūr
nīr	Nukīr
nir	Nukir
mhs	Mārēhaser
mar	Mērēr
ska	Soakāk
kkā	Kākrak
kkm.	Kakrina-mērēr
uhr.	Uhrak
skū	Skukūk
skh.	Skukuhākem
skm.	Skukūrmār
ssū	Surinaskukūk
koā.	Koākak
sg.	Singular (singularia tantum)
du.	Dual (dualia tantum)
pl.	Plural (pluralia tantum)
sgf.	Singular form
duf.	Dual form
plf.	Plural form
exc.	Exceptional form
masc.	Masculine
fem.	Feminine
mch.	Mechanoid
ani.	Animate
ina.	Inanimate
d.	Dead
cr.	Critter
cl.	Clipping
irr.	Irregular
sup.	Suppletive
tr.	Transitive
itr.	Intransitive
atr.	Ambitransitive
per.	Perfective
ipf.	Imperfective
apf.	Ambiperfective

Numbers

æskā - n. fem. ina. irr. sg. cl.

The number "æskā" denotes the quantity of "one". Besides this most common usage, it is also used as a term denoting a generic, very small quantity that is smaller than five but nonzero. This number also has an identical noun form. It only has a singular form and declines as an inanimate feminine noun, and is thus irregular. It is also written with "1".

huiæk - n. masc. ina. irr. du.

The number "huiæk" denotes the quantity of "two". This number also has an identical noun form. It only has a dual form and declines as an inanimate masculine noun, and is thus irregular. It is also written with "2".

raknā - n. fem. ina. cl.

The number "raknā" denotes the quanitity of "three". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate feminine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "3".

zhasnā - n. fem. ina. cl.

The number "zhasnā" denotes the quanitity of "four". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate feminine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "4".

eru - n. masc. ina. irr. pl.

The number "eru" denotes the quantity of "five". Besides this most common usage, it is also used as a term denoting a generic, medium-small quantity that is around five. It only has a plural form and declines as an inanimate masculine noun, and is thus irregular. It is also written with "5".

sā' - n. fem. ina. cl.

The number "sā'" denotes the quanitity of "six". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate feminine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "6".

'ez - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "'ez" denotes the quanitity of "seven". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate feminine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "7".

harsī - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "harsī" denotes the quanitity of "eight". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate feminine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "8".

nair - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "nair" denotes the quanitity of "nine". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "9".

ehsi - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "ehsi denotes the quanitity of "ten". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is technically still a single digit number. It is also written with "A".

uhzi - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "uhzi denotes the quanitity of "eleven". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "B".

rō - n. fem. ina. cl.

The number "rō denotes the quanitity of "twelve". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate feminine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "C".

ur'as - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "ur'as" denotes the quanitity of "thirteen". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "D".

ur'sek - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "ur'sek" denotes the quanitity of "fourteen". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "E".

ur'ēz - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "ur'ēz" denotes the quanitity of "fifteen". This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is also written with "F".

hriki - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "hriki" denotes the quantity of "sixteen". This number is the first two-digit number. This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is the first number written with two digits, thus it is also written with "10".

hsik - n. masc. ina.

The number "hsik" denotes the quantity of "two hundred fifty six". This number is the first three-digit number. This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is the first number written with three digits, thus it is also written with "100".

nma' - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "nma'" denotes the quantity of "four thousand ninety six". This number is the first four-digit number. This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is the first number written with four digits, thus it is also written with "1000".

urem - n. masc. ina. cl.

The number "urem" denotes the quantity of "sixty-five thousand five hundred thirty six". This number is the first five-digit number. This number is regular and it declines as an inanimate masculine noun; it is very rarely seen in the singular or dual as it is customary to use it in the plural. It is the first number written with five digits, thus it is also written with "10000".

Kinship

ārasa - ani. fem. s.

The noun "ārasa" is an animate feminine noun. It is used to refer to one's female parent, and is thus translatable to "mother". It can also be used for a female caretaker to whom one has no biological links.

ārārasa - ani. fem. s.

The noun "ārārasa" is an animate feminine noun. It is used to refer to one's ārasa's female parent, and thus translates to "grandmother".

ūme - ani. masc. s.

The noun "ūme" is an animate masculine noun. It is used to refer to one's male parent, and is thus translatable to "father". It can also be used for a male caretaker to whom one has no biological links.

ūmūmek - ani. masc. cl. s.

The noun "ūmūmek" is an animate masculine noun. It is used to refer to one's ūme's male parent, and thus translates to "grandfather".

rines - ani. masc. cl. s.

The noun "rines" is an animate masculine noun. It is a rather generic term, used to refer either to one's brother or close male cousin. It is appropriate to translate it simply with "brother".

ūkā - ani. fem. s.

The noun "ūkā" is an animate feminine noun. It is a rather generic term, used to refer either to one's sister or close female cousin. It is appropriate to translate it simply with "sister".

sīra - ani. masc/fem. s.

The noun "sīra" is an animate noun usable as both masculine and feminine. It is a term specifically used to refer to one's twin sibling or, more rarely, to one's sibling out of a multiple litter.

sīrasan - ani. masc/fem. cl. s.

The noun "sīrasan" is an animate noun usable as both masculine and feminine. It is a term used to refer to a member of a multiple litter.

sasa - ani. fem. s.

The noun "sasa" is an animate feminine noun. It is an affectionate term for one's ārasa.

hahe - ani. masc. s.

The noun "hahe" is an animate masculine noun. It is an affectionate term for one's ūme. It has an alternative in "hehe".

Anatomy

'ā - ina. fem. s.

The noun "'ā" is an inanimate feminine noun. It denotes the part of the arm between the elbow and the shoulder. In compounds, it is closer in meaning to "limb" than "upper arm".

eru - ina. masc. s.

The noun "eru" is an inanimate masculine noun. It denotes the part of the arm from the wrist down to the fingers, otherwise called the "hand". It is exclusively anatomical in usage.

huiæk - ina. masc. irr. du. s.

The noun "huiæk" is a masculine inanimate noun. It is specifically used to denote the eyes of creatures with a pair of them. It only has a dual form and is thus an irregular noun. Its counterpart used to refer to eyes of creatures with more than two is "huzuk", and a very rare alternative that is not specifically implied to denote both eyes is "sīsri".

nēkir - ina. masc. cl. s.

The noun "nēkir" is a masculine inanimate noun. It is a rather general term used for both the part of the leg below the knee, and the foot including the ankle. It has a variant in "nākir".

nānir - ina. masc. cl. s.

The noun "nānir" is a masculine inanimate noun. It is a term more specific than "nēkir" in that it is used only for the foot, including the ankle.

airak - ina. masc. cl. s.

The noun "airak" is a masculine inanimate noun. It is a general term for both the elbows and knees.

kāz - ina. masc. s.

The noun "kāz" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is a general term used for both the part of the arm below the elbow and for the arm, including the wrist. It has an alternative in "kāza".

airūkāza - ina. masc. s.

The noun "airūkāza" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is a term used specifically for the elbow joint.

airūnānir - ina. masc. s.

The noun "airūnānir" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is a term used specifically for the knee joint.

rīra - ina. fem. s.

The noun "rīra" is an inanimate feminine noun. It is a general term used for both the fingers and the toes. It has an alternative in "rdōn".

Locomotion

asraton = v. ipf. tr.

The verb "asraton" is an imperfective transitive verb. It is generally translated as "to chase, to run after", implying haste and a moving target. It takes a nominative subject, but its object must be in the allative.

Meteorology

ū' - ina. masc. s.

The noun "ū'" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is a term denoting both wind in general and a light breeze of wind. It has an alternative in "ri".

Geography

Oktarhazǣm - ani/ina. masc. irr. sg. s.

See this section

Nakūra - ina. masc. s.

The noun "Nakūra" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is the most common name used for the continent on which Kti is spoken.

Auram - ina. fem. s.

The noun "Auram" is an inanimate feminine noun. It is the most common name used for the continent to the west of Nakūra.

Nsīr - ina. masc. s.

The noun "Nsīr" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is the most common name used for the southern polar continent.

Ashaz - ina. fem. s.

The noun "Ashaz" is an inanimate feminine noun. It is the most common name used for the northern polar continent.

Religion

Akāsha - koā. ani. fem. s.

The noun "Akāsha" is a koāk of the main deity of the Ktarh pantheon. This particular deity has several koākak, but this form is the most common. Most frequent alternatives are "Akashēs" and "Ukur".

Akashēs - koā. ani. masc. s.

The noun "Akashēs" is a koāk of the main deity of the Ktarh pantheon. This particular deity has several koākak, but the most frequently used one is "Akāsha".

Ukur - koā. ani. masc. cl. s.

The noun "Ukur" is a koāk of the main deity of the Ktarh pantheon. This particular deity has several koākak, but the most frequently used one is "Akāsha".

zūrmā - ina. fem. s. irr. sg.

The noun "zūrmā" is an inanimate feminine noun, used to refer to the religion that puts the deity Akāsha in its core. It has a few synonymous variants, the most frequent being "zūrmāk", "zūrnæk and "zūrmǣ". It is singular-only, since there is only one such religion.

īri - ani. masc. s.

The noun "īri" is an animate masculine noun. It denotes a male clergy member, usually a diviner or seer, that can take a skukū.

īra - ani. fem. s.

The noun "īra" is an animate feminine noun. It denotes a female clergy member, usually a divinatrix or seer, that can take a skukū.

nǣkōn - ani. masc/fem. s.

The noun "nǣkōn" is an animate noun usable as both a masculine and feminine noun. It denotes a clergy member, usually the scripture keeper or scribe of a temple; nǣkōnem cannot take a skukū.

Morality

danæton - v. ipf. itr.

The verb "danæton" is an imperfective intransitive verb. It has the rough translation of "to sin, to make a mistake", with a strong connotation of breaking moral standards.

danænæde - ani. masc. de. s.

The noun "danænæde" is an animate masculine noun. It denotes a mistake or sin, a single act of breaking a moral standard. It is derived from the stem <danæ> and the masculine sentient derivational suffix <-næde>.

Technology

ūrka - ina. fem. s.

The noun "ūrka" is an inanimate feminine noun. It denotes a mechanical timekeeper, most often featuring gears. It is specifically a motionless timekeeper.

rūk - ina. masc. s.

The noun "rūk" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is used for heated metal that is still in solid state but is hot enough to be much more malleable than at normal temperature, possibly also heated up to the point where it glows.

rodāt - ina. masc. s.

The noun "rodāt" is an inanimate masculine noun. It is used for heated metal still in solid state that not nearly as malleable or warm as a "rūk", but still potentially dangerous to the touch. It has an alternative in "rodat"

dænizī - ina. masc. s.

The noun "dænizī" is an inanimate masculine noun. It usually denotes a fatty acid salt, but can also be used for any effective lipophilic and hydrophilic substance. It usually translates to a general "soap".

dai' - ina. masc. s.

The noun "dai'" is an inanimate masculine noun. It's used to denote copper.

Politics

ama - ina. fem. s.

The noun "ama" is an inanimate feminine noun. Its meaning is "non-monarchic independent state" or "non-monarchy". It is used specifically for non-dependent, non-tributary self-governing states.

kāhima - ina. fem. s.

The noun "kāhima" is an inanimate feminine noun. Its meaning is "independent monarchy". It is specifically used for non-dependent, non-tributary self-governing states.

kāhaton - v. atr. per/ipf.

The verb "kāhaton" is an ambitransitive verb. It has two different meanings based on its aspect: in the perfective, it means "to conquer", "to overtake (ownership)", "to subjugate violently" and implies heavy force involved; in the imperfective, it is closer to "to rule", "to administer".

'īrni - ani. masc. s.

The noun "'īrni" is an animate masculine noun. It is used to denote an individual of origin that differs from his current location, most often from a different nation; it translates easily to "foreigner".

kā'man - ani. masc. sp. s.

The noun "kā'man" is an animate masculine noun. It is a special formation of "sā'" (six), here seen as "kā'", and "man", of unknown meaning. It denotes a person in the highest echelon of power in the Ktarh republic, specifically one of six people to hold the title translatable as "hexarch". There can be only six kā'manem.

kā'manama - ina. fem. s.

The noun "kā'manama" is an inanimate feminine noun. It is the compound of "kā'man" and "ama". It translates to "hexarchy", or rather "republic ruled by six". The Ktarh republic is a hexarchy.

hārkaka - ina. fem. s.

The noun "hārkaka" is an inanimate feminine noun. It is used to denote an organised armed force that is professional and state-funded in nature. It refers neither to private nor to mercenary armies.

Emotions

aranai - adj.

The adjective "aranai" translates to "vindicative", "vengeful", "wants revenge". It is specifically used to describe people wanting to exact revenge over a misdeed done upon them. It is rarely used on non-animates.

aranadeki - ina. masc. s.

The noun "aranadeki" is an inanimate masculine noun used to denote an action, usually misdeed, which causes a vengeful feeling in its maleficiary.

aranaton - v. atr. apf.

The verb "aranaton" is an ambiperfective, ambitransitive verb, meaning it can be used as both an imperfective and perfective verb, as well as both a transitive and intransitive verb. It often translates as "to retaliate", "to exact revenge".

oharana - ani. masc/fem. s.

The noun "oharana" is an animate noun usable as both a masculine and feminine noun. It is used to denote an avenger, someone who retaliates to an action that caused harm to him or her.

kuhi - ina. fem. s.

The noun "kuhi" is an inanimate feminine noun used specifically for feelings of a most often romantic, often but not always concupiscent nature. It most easily translates to "love", but can also be taken to denote the specific emotional bond soulmates and exceptionally close friends feel between each other.

kuhiton - v. tr. ipf.

The verb "kuhiton" is an imperfective transitive verb. It is used specifically for love of a most often romantic, often but not always concupiscent nature. It most easily translates as "to love", but can also be taken to denote the specific emotional bond soulmates and exceptionally close friends feel between each other.

īkarak - ina. masc. s.

The noun "īkarak" is an inanimate masculine noun. It denotes a particularly deep kind of sorrow or sadness, resembling desperation. It is a passing or temporary emotion, thus cannot really be called "depression".

Astronomy and Time

Oktarhazǣm - ani/ina. masc. irr. sg. s.

The noun "Oktarhazǣm" is a masculine noun usable as both an animate and inanimate noun. It is the most widely used name for the planet on which Kti is spoken.

nærdīk - ani/ina. masc. s.

The noun "nærdīk" is a masculine noun usable as both an animate and inanimate noun. Its meaning is equal to both "star" and "sun".

næridi - ina. masc. irr. sg. s.

The noun "næridi" is a masculine inanimate noun. It is a rather specific term, denoting the "field of stars", so to speak, that is visible during the night. It only has a singular form, and is thus an irregular noun.

īkrik - ina. masc. cl. s.

The noun "īkrik" is a masculine inanimate noun. It is equivalent in meaning to "sunlight", though it also applies to invisible-wavelength light given off by the sun.

dīri - ina. masc. s.

The noun "dīri" is a masculine inanimate noun. It denotes the transition between night and day, and is thus translated as "dawn". In more recent times it has also begun to denote the time period between h7.5 and h8.5 (seven and a half hours after midnight to eight and a half hours after midnight), disregarding whether the sun is actually coming up or not.

rīdi - ina. masc. s.

The noun "rīdi" is a masculine inanimate noun. It denotes the transition between day and night, and is thus translated as "dusk". In more recent times it has also begun to denote the time period between h17.5 and h18.5 (twenty-three and a half hours after midnight to twenty-four and a half hours after midnight), disregarding whether the sun is actually coming down or not.

hkamas - ina. masc. cl. s.

The noun "hkamas" is a masculine inanimate noun. It traditionally refers to the period between sundown and sunrise, and is thus translated to "night", but in more recent times it has also begun to denote the time period between h18 and h8 (twenty-four hours after midnight to eight hours after midnight, crossing midnight) regardless of whether the sun is up or not.

hkakas - ina. masc. s.

The noun "hkakas" is a masculine inanimate noun. It traditionally refers to the period between sunrise and sundown, and is thus translated to "day", but in more recent times it has also begun to denote the time period between h8 and h18 (eight hours after midnight to twenty-four hours after midnight, not crossing midnight) regardless of whether the sun is up or not.

saram - ina. masc. cl. s.

The noun "saram" is a masculine inanimate noun. It is used to denote one hour on Oktarhazǣm (equivalent to about 1.1868 Terran hours)

Binders and Fusers

æd - b.

The binder "æd" is primarily used to express the concept of "and". Its primary usage is to form complex arguments. Items coordinated with "æd" function as a single syntactic unit.
- Example usage: "dīkrianū nǣkūshumen rūkini æd s'nāra" (the scribe and the soldier (together) have and still do possess letters).

næs - f.

The fuser "næs" is primarily used to express a concept similar to that of "and" or "as well as". Its primary usage is to coordinate verbs that share a subject.
- Example usage: "okatomoi hreīnǣkūshumen næs kāhamoi" (he burned compiled scriptures and conquered).

nǣd - f.

The fuser "nǣd" is primarily used to represent sequential or serial actions. It roughly translates to "and thus", and is put between two verbs; the first verb is taken to be the cause or prelude to the second.
- Example usage: "kuhimoi nǣd rūrkamoi" (he loves and thus bares his teeth; he bared his teeth due to love)

Derivations

o- - pf. de.

The prefix "o-" is an agent prefix. Its primary usage is to derive agent nouns from verb stems. The resulting noun is animate, but its gender isn't determined by the stem ending, but rather by context and semantics. If it is attached to a stem that begins with /ɔ/ or /ɞ/, the vowels collapse into /ɔ:/ but otherwise an epenthetic /x/ is inserted.
- Examples:

o-okato > *ookato > ōkato (paperburner)

o-kuhi > okuhi (lover, partner)