This page presents the difference between the Porvojy and Sadu dialects of Lāngārāndot.
Porvojy Lāngārāndot[]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | |||||||||||
| Fricative | f v | θ ð | s z | ʁ | |||||||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | h | |||||||||||
| Approximant | ʃ ʒ | j | w | ||||||||||
| Lateral app. | l | ||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ |
Vowels[]
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | [i] | [y] | [u] | |
| Mid | [ɛ] | [ø~ɪ] | [o] | |
| Open | [æ] | [ɑ] | ||
Orthography[]
Alphabet[]
There are twenty-six letters in the alphabet, including two digraphs (dh and tš). Like most of the language, the alphabet is very straightforward and consistant. There is one digraph (nk) that is not a letter.
| Letter | IPA | Letter Name |
|---|---|---|
| A a | /ɑ/ | a /ɑ/ |
| Ā ā | /æ/ | ā dhusortby /æ ðusotby/ |
| B b | /b/ | ba /bɑ/ |
| D d | /d/ | do /do/ |
| Dh dh | /ð/ | dhato /ðɑto/ |
| F f | /f/ | fato /fɑto/ |
| G g | /g/ | galo /gɑto/ |
| H h | /h/ | hy /hy/ |
| J j | /j/ | jum /jum/ |
| K k | /k/ | kata /kɑtɑ/ |
| L l | /l/ | lama /lɑmɑ/ |
| M m | /m/ | mo /mo/ |
| N n | /n/ | no /no/ |
| O o | /o/, /w/ | o /o/ |
| Ō ō | /ø~ɪ/ | ō dhusortby /ø ðusotby/ |
| P p | /p/ | pun /pun/ |
| R r | /dʲ/ | rota /dʲotɑ/ |
| S s | /s/ | sra /sdʲɑ/ |
| Š š | /ʃ/ | šota /ʃotɑ/ |
| T t | /t/ | torta /tortɑ/ |
| Tš tš | /ʧ/ | tšak /ʧɑk/ |
| U u | /u/ | u /u/ |
| V v | /v/ | voda /vodɑ/ |
| X x | /θ/ | xāta /vætɑ/ |
| Y y | /y/ | yp /yp/ |
| Z z | /z/ | zāg /zæg/ |
| *Nk nk | */ɲk/ |
The following letters are only used in loanwords: C, E, I, Q, W. These letters only have one pronunciation, no matter how the loanword is pronounced in the original language.
| Letter | IPA | Letter Name |
|---|---|---|
| C c | /ʒ/ | cuj /ʒui/ |
| E e | /ɛ/ | eto /ɛto/ |
| I i | /i/ | il /il/ |
| Q q | /kw/ | qat /kwɑt/ |
| W w | /w/ | dablu /dɑblu/ |
Phonotactics[]
Consonant digraphs and trigraphs are common and are pronounced according to the IPA. No consonant cluster is extremely difficult to pronounce (i.e. str is common but kvb would not exist).
There are six vowel diphthongs.
| Längarandot | IPA |
|---|---|
| oa | /wɑ/ |
| ua | /uːʔɑ/ |
| oo | /wo/ |
| uo | /uːʔo/ |
| ou | /wu/ |
| uu | /yːʔu/ |
| ao | /ɑo/ |
Stress[]
The Porvojy accent stresses the penultimate syllable.
Sadu Lāngārāndot[]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Apical | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | g | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f v | θ ð | x | ħ | |||||||||
| Affricate | d͡z t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||||||||
| Approximant | ʃ ʒ | j | w | ||||||||||
| Lateral app. | l | ɹ |
Vowels[]
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | [i][ĩ] | [y][ỹ] | [u][ũ] | |
| Mid | [ɛ][ɛ̃] | [ɪ][ɪ̃] | [o][õ] | |
| Open | [æ][æ̃] | [ɑ][ɑ̃] | ||
Orthography[]
Alphabet[]
There are twenty-six letters in the alphabet, including two digraphs (dh and tš). Like most of the language, the alphabet is very straightforward and consistant. There is one digraph (nk) that is not a letter.
| Letter | IPA | Letter Name |
|---|---|---|
| A a | /ɑ/ | a /ɑ/ |
| Ä ä | /æ/ | ä ḋusortby /æ ðusotby/ |
| B b | /b/ | ba /bɑ/ |
| D d | /d/ | do /do/ |
| Ḋ ḋ | /ð/ | ḋato /ðɑto/ |
| F f | /f/ | fato /fɑto/ |
| G g | /ʁ/ | galo /ʁɑlo/ |
| H h | /ħ/ | hy /ħy/ |
| J j | /j/ | jum /jum/ |
| K k | /x/ | kata /xɑtɑ/ |
| L l | /l/ | lama /lɑmɑ/ |
| M m | /m/ | mo /mo/ |
| N n | /ɲ/ | no /ɲo/ |
| O o | /o/ | o /o/ |
| Ö ö | /ɪ/ | öto /ɪto/ |
| P p | /p/ | pün /pyn/ |
| R r | /ɹ/ | rota /ɹotɑ/ |
| S s | /ts/ | sra /tsɹɑ/ |
| Ṡ ṡ | /ʃ/ | šota /ʃotɑ/ |
| T t | /t/ | torta /tortɑ/ |
| Ṫ ṫ | /ʧ/ | tšak /ʧɑk/ |
| U u | /u/ | u /u/ |
| Ü ü | /y/ | üp /yp/ |
| V v | /v/ | veta /vodɑ/ |
| X x | /θ/ | xäta /θætɑ/ |
| Z z | /dz/ | zäg /dzæg/ |
| *Nk nk | */ɲk/ |
The following letters are only used in loanwords: E, I, Q, W, Ž. These letters only have one pronunciation, no matter how the loanword is pronounced in the original language.
| Letter | IPA | Letter Name |
|---|---|---|
| E e | /ɛ/ | eto /ɛto/ |
| I i | /i/ | il /il/ |
| Q q | /kw/ | qat /kwɑt/ |
| W w | /w/ | dablu /dɑblu/ |
| Ž ž | /ʒ/ | žuj /ʒui/ |
Phonotactics[]
Consonant digraphs and trigraphs are common and are pronounced according to the IPA. No consonant cluster is extremely difficult to pronounce (i.e. str is common but kvb would not exist).
There are six vowel diphthongs.
| Längarandot | IPA |
|---|---|
| oa | /wɑ/ |
| ua | /uːʔɑ/ |
| oo | /wo/ |
| uo | /uːʔo/ |
| ou | /wu/ |
| uu | /yːʔu/ |
| ao | /ɑo/ |
There is also one nasal digraph per vowel, indicated with an "m" following the vowel.
Stress[]
The Sadu accent emphasizes the last syllable.
Orthography Conversion Chart[]
| Porvojy | Sadu |
|---|---|
| Ā ā | Ä ä |
| Ō ō | Ö ö |
| Y y | Ü ü |
| Dh dh | Ḋ ḋ |
| Š š | Ṡ ṡ |
| Tš tš | Ṫ ṫ |
| C c | Ž ž |