LangNor

Progress 75%
	Stats Nouns 82% Verbs 63% Adjectives 88% Syntax 78% Words 500 of 1500

Norsvik Norsvik
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Nominative-Accusative
Head direction
Final
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

General information

Norsvik is a language spoken in Northern Scandinavia and due to migrant populations, has also spread to parts of the Northern United States and Southern Canada. Although populations of speakers are relatively isolated, there the language remains uniform throughout. Norsvik is structured as a SVO language in its common and VSO in formal form, but however, word order is relatively fluid. Most of the vocabulary found in the language has germanic roots, although some words of romance roots can be found.

Useful phrases

Below are listed some useful Norsvik words and phrases.

English	Norsvik	Norsvik Formal
Hello	Hallo	Hallo
Yes	Jas	Jas
No	Nei	Nei
Good morning	Beneostydes	Beneostydes
Good Afternoon	Benewestydes	Benewestydes
Good Niht	Gud Niht	Niht Gud
Goodbye	A resiht'ens	A resiht'ens
What is your name?	Wats es tyne nomn?	Nomn’st wats?
My name is Mark	Ji benomn Mark.	Benomn'st Mark
How are you?	Als wats es'st ðau?	Als wats es't?
Do you speak Norsvik	Parle'st ðau Nosvik?	Norsvik Parle'st?
I don't understand	Ji nei kenneje ðau.	Kenne'je nei ðau.
All Right	Riht	Riht
Thank You	Ðanke	Ðanke
You're Welcome	Welkomme	Welkomme
Please	Ebenesif	Benesif
I love you	Jih'aimes ðu.	Aimes'je ðu
What is that?	Wats es ðat?	Wats es ðat?
That is a dog	Ðat es ene hund.	Es'as ðat hund.
I am a beginner in Norsvik	Norsvik es neuve'je	Norsvik es neuve'je

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Plosive	p b			td		k ɡ
Fricative		f v	ð θ	s z	ʃ ʒ			h
Affricate					tʃ
Approximant				l		j
Rhotic				r

Vowels

	Front Short	Front Long	Central Short	Central Long	Back Short	Back Long
Close	ɪ	i			ʊ	u
Mid	ɛ		ə			o
Open	æ		ʌ			a

The following diphthongs are also used: eɪ, aɪ, aʊ, əʊ,

ɪə, ɛə, ʊə, oʊ

Alphabet

Letter	IPA Pronunciation	American English Pronunciation
a	a	spa
b	b	baby
*c	*k	*can't
d	d	dog
ð	ð	then
e	e	bed
f	f	far
g	g	go
h	h	house
i	I	fit
j	j	yellow
k	k	can't
l	l	long
m	m	man
n	n	not
o	o	no
p	p	tip
r	ɾ	run
s	s	some
t	t	turtle
u	u	food
v	v	voice
w	w	we
y	a	fight
z	z	zoo

• The letter c is has some variablitity in its pronouciation. ć is pronounced like h in horse. 'č is pronounced like sh.

Phonotactics

This explains the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is a consonant cluster in English.

Letter Cluster	IPA Pronunciation	American English
th	θ	throat
jg	ʒ	joke
ch	tʃ	children
čh	ʃ	shop
ćh	h	horse
au	aʊ	drought
ou	u	food

Grammar

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Word Order

Word order in Norsvik common form is very fluid, sentences can be rearranged by following rules of congugation. Generally Norsvik follows the Subject Verb Object word order, but can also follow Verb Second and Subject Object Verb word orders. In Norsvik common form, adjectives go before the noun, adverbs go after.

The sentence: "Ðos hav nein luftships" (They have no airplanes) can be reorganized to emphasis certain parts of the sentence and change the meaning slightly.

"Ðos hav nein luftships" Emphasising "They have no airplanes"

"Nein luftships hav'ent ðos'" Emphasising "They have no airplanes" (lit: None airplanes have they)

"Luftships ðos hav nein'" Emphasising "They have no airplanes" (lit: Airplanes they have none)

Word order in Norsvik Formal follows the VSO order. In formal form adjectives and adverbs are listed after their subject.

Using the same sentence They have no airplanes, inf formal form it is writen Hav'ens nein luftships. A sentence with adjectives and adverbs like "I went quickly to the little red house" would translate to "Gahet'je snelijg a ðe hause klyne ent rojd."

Congugation

Congugation and the inflextions of verbs, adjectives and nouns in Norsvik is relatively rare. Evenso; the rules governing correct congugation and inflextion is relativly complex.

Pronouns

First Person Subject	Object	Reflextive	Possesive Determiner	Suffix Used	Note
Ji(h)	Mei	Remei	Myne	'je	Singular.
Nos	Nost	Renost	Nostr	'ens	Plural.

Second person Subject	Object	Reflextive	Possesive Determiner	Suffix Used	Note
Vuz	Vust	Revusten	Vustr	'ze	Singular or Plural. Very formal, usually used to adress elders. Also used as Generic.
Ðau	Ðu	Reðunne	Ðyne	'st	Singular. Informal.
Vos	Vost	Revost	Vostr	'ze	Plural. Replaced with Vuz in formal situations.

Third person Subject	Object	Reflextive	Possesive Determiner	Suffix Used	Note
Hin	Hyme	Rehyme	Hyne	'as	Singular. Masculine.
Ser	Syme	Resyme	Syne	'as	Singular. Feminine
Hyre	Hyrme	Rehyrme	Hyrne	'as	Singular. Generic
Ene	Eme	Re'eme	Enen	'as	Singular. Generic 'it'
Ðos	Ðost	Reðoste	Ðostr	'ent	Plural.
Ðose	Ðostte	Reðostte	Ðosttre	'ent	Plural. Mainly used as geminine or generic

Generic Subject	Object	Reflextive	Possesive Determiner	Suffix Used	Note
Wye	Wyrme	Rewyrme	Wyne	'as	Full generic. Unspecified number, gender etc....

Negation

There are two types of negatives in Norsvik. The 'nein' and the 'nei' classes. Nein is used to express 'nothing' and 'none'. Nei is used to express general all other cases. For example; "I have no cheese" would use nein for negation because 'no' in this sentence is used to express a lack of cheese: "Ji hav nein formajge". Another example would be:"There shall be no dancing" to "Hjer ve bes nein danceng"

Gender

There are 3 genders in Norsvik: Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. Unlike most other languages that have the noun gender distinction, nouns are not predecided to be either masculine or feminine. All nouns are neuter, unless clearly a noun used to express a Male or Female thing. For example; the word hund (dog) can be either masculine, feminine or neuter, depending on the context it is used. If it is used to anote a male dog, it is masculine, a female dog, it is feminine, a unspecified gender or generic dog, it is neuter. By this rule, nouns like sward (sword) can only be of the neutral gender.

Nouns, verbs, adjectives, determiners all inflex according to the gender of itself, or the subject/object it is describing. Sentence that is only feminine: Ða snelle brun fosse spring uber ða lauzik hundde.

Nouns in Gender

Masculine and neuter nouns are not changed by its own gender. However, if the noun is feminine, a specific inflextion is applied. When writen the last consantant of the noun is repeated and is there is not already an 'e' ending that noun an 'e' is applied (eg, ;skiepe, skieppe; hund, hundde).

• When a noun ends with r, re, er, or (etc...) or n and has no vowel directly before, the 2nd last consantant is repeated in it's stead (eg. kindr, kinddre; presbytor, presbyttore)

Adjectives in Gender

Masculine and neuter nouns do not change the adjectives describing them. However; if the noun being described is feminine a pecific inflextion. When writen the last consantant of the noun is repeated and is there is not already an 'e' ending that noun an 'e' is applied.

• If an adjective ends with en or ik no inflection is applied.

Verb Tenses

	“I Eat” Common Form	Formal Form	English Translation
present	Ji manjge	Manjger'je	I eat
past	Ji manjget	Manjget'jet	I ate
future	Ji ve manjge	Manjgerve'je	I will eat
present progressive	Jih‘es manjgereng	Es'je manjgeng'je	I am eating
past progressive	Ji wes manjgeng	Wes'jet manjgeng'jet	I was eating
future progressive	Ji ve es’je manjgeng	Es'je mangeve'je	I will be eating
present perfect	Ji hav manjgen	Manjgen'je	I have eaten
past perfect	Ji hav’et manjgen	Manjgen'jet	I had eaten
future perfect	Ji ve hav‘je manjgen	Manjgeven'je	I will have eaten
passive present	Jih’es be’manjgen	Manjgen es'je	I am eaten
passive past	Ji wes be‘manjgen	Manjgen es'jet	I was eaten
passive future	Ji ve es‘je be’manjgen	Manjgeven es'je	I will be eaten
passive present progressive	Jih‘es beseng be‘manjgen	Es'je Manjgen eseng	I am being eaten
passive past progressive	Ji wes beseng be‘manjgen	Wes'jet Manjgen eseng	I was being eaten
passive future progressive	Ji ve es’je beseng be’manjgen	Es'je manjgeven eseng	I will be being eaten
passive present perfect	Ji hav besen be‘manjgeren	Manjgen'je besen	I have been eaten
passive past perfect	Ji hav‘et besen be’mangjen	Manjgen'jet besen	I had been eaten
passive future perfect	Ji ve hav‘je besen be’manjgen	Manjgeven'je besen	I will have been eaten
negative present	Ji manjge nei	Manjge'je nei	I do not eat
negative past	Ji manjget nei	Manjget'jet nei	I did not eat
negative future	Ji ve nei manjge	Manjgeve'je nei	I will not eat
negative present progressive	Jih‘es nei manjgeng	Es'je manjgeng'je nei	I am not eating
negative past progressive	Ji wes nei manjgeng	Wes'jet manjgeng'jet nei	I was not eating
negative future progressive	Ji ve nei es’je manjgeng	Es'je mangeve'je	I will not be eating
negative present perfect	Ji hav nei manjgen	Manjgen'je nei	I have not eaten
negative past perfect	Ji hav’et nei manjgen	Manjgen'jet nei	I had not eaten
negative future perfect	Ji ve nei hav manjgen	Manjgeven'je nei	I will not have eaten
negative passive present	Jih‘es nei be’manjgen	Manjgen es'je nei	I am not eaten
negative passive past	Ji wes nei be‘manjgen	Manjgen es'jet nei	I was not eaten
negative passive future	Ji ve nei es’je be‘manjgen	Manjgeven es'je nei	I will not be eaten
negative passive present progressive	Ji es nei beseng be’manjgen	Es'je Manjgen eseng nei	I am not being eaten
negative passive past progressive	Ji wes nei beseng be‘manjgen	Wes'jet Manjgen eseng nei	I was not being eaten
negative passive future progressive	Ji ve nei es’je beseng be‘manjgen	Es'je manjgeven eseng nei	I will not be being eaten
negative passive present perfect	Ji hav nei besen be’manjgen	Manjgen'je besen nei	I have not been eaten
negative passive past perfect	Ji hav‘et nei besen manjgeren	Manjgen'jet besen nei	I had not been eaten
negative passive future perfect	Ji ve hav nei besen manjgen	Manjgeven'je besen nei	I will have not been eaten

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Possessive

In Norsvik, possessive possessive is similar to that of English. To form the most basic possessive (My cat, his house), one simply (like English), uses the possessive determiner of the possesser's pronoun (Myne chat, hyne hause). However; for possessives such as John's cat or Mary's yatch an -en suffix is used in place of 's (Jgonen chat, Marie'n jache). If the name ends with a vowel 'n is used instead.

Some names, like Nathan end with the /en/ sound, and to add and other en as a suffix creates unclean phrases. In these cases -ik is used as the suffix, changing the name into an adjective that describes the possessed thing.

Note: The en suffix in Norsvik is also used for past pastriciples and as 'of', thus; Jgonen chat, is close to Cat of John or a 'Johned' cat.

'Of' and 'Of The'

The Norsvik phrases 'auf' (of) and 'auf ðe' (of the) are rarely used. Instead a system like that of the possessive is used. Rather than saying United States of America, American United States (Americien Unisifen Staðes) is used. this is done by changing the word 'America' into an adjective that describes the 'United States' . Same goes for the People's Republic of China; it would become the Chinese People's Reupublic (Chinen Fulkersrepublis). In this way, the -en suffix is also used to creat adjectives. A godly which is the same as a of god in Norsvik becomes goðen (same as sanktik).

Vocabulary

Number	English	Norsvik	Number	English	Norsvik
0	Zero	Zyne	16	Sixteen	Denz'siks
1	One	Ene	17	Seventeen	Denz'septn
2	Two	Deue	18	Eighteen	Dens'eht
3	Three	Ðrye	19	Nineteen	Dens'nunf
4	Four	Kutr/Fjer	20	Twenty	Deudenzs
5	Five	Vif	21	Twenty one	Deuedenz'ene
6	Six	Siks	22	Twenty two	Deuedenz'deue
7	Seven	Septn	23	Twenty three	Deudenz'ðrye
8	Eight	Eht	30	Thirty	Ðryedenzs
9	Nine	Nunf	50	Fifty	Vifdenzs
10	Ten	Denz	100	Hundred	Hundert
11	Eleven	Denz'ene	1000	Thousand	Ðausent
12	Twelve	Denz'due	10000	Ten Thousand	Myred
13	Thirteen	Denz'ðrye	100000	Hundred Thousand	Denzmyred
14	Fourteen	Denz'fjer	1000000	Million	Millijon
15	Fifteen	Denz'vif	759	Seven-hundred Fifty-nine	Septnhundert'vifdenz'nunf

Example text

English original: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Nosvik translation (common form): Ðe snel brun fos spring ober ðe lauzik hund.

Formal Form: Spring'as ðe fos brun ent snel ober ðe hund lauzik.

The Sheep and the Horses'

[On a hill,] a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.

Ðe Skiep ent ðes Hrosses

[Am ene klyneberg,] ene skiep whur havet nein wul sihtet ðes hross’s, ðosen wer ene whur wes ene stark wagon puleng, ene whur wes ene stark lydde hafeng, ent ene whur wes snel’ijg ene homme hafeng. Ðe skiep parlet a ðes hross’s: [Myne hjarte dote’je, sihteng ene homme whur es be’hafen par hross’s.] Ðes hross’s parle: [Coute, myne gud skiep, nos hjartes dote’ns am nost wenne nos siht ðis: ene homme, ðe mystre, whur maht’as ðes skiepen wul’s ena ene kloðe fur rehyme. Ent nue, ðe skiep hav nein wul. Haveng coutet ðats, volge’as ðe skiep ena ðe fjeld.

* * * * *

The King and the God

Once there was a king. He was childless. The king wanted a son. He asked his priest: "May a son be born to me!" The priest said to the king: "Pray to the god Werunos". The king approached the god Werunos to pray now to the god. "Hear me, father Werunos!" The god Werunos came down from heaven. "What do you want?" "I want a son." "Let this be so", said the bright god Werunos. The king's lady bore a son.

Ði Kjinn ent ðe Goð

En ene aulden tyde, ðere wes ene kjinn, whur havet nein kindrs. Ene sonn, ði kjinn will’t. Hin eisket hyne presbytor: [Kann ene sonn bes be’fatren par mei?] Ðe prebytor parlet a ði kjinn:[Fraige a ðe goð whur es benomn Werunos!] Ði kjinn kommet a ðe goð whur es benomn Weunos a fraige nue a ðe goð. [Coute a mei, fatr Werunos!] Aus himmel kommet dunne ðe goð whur wes benomn Werunos. [Wats will’st ðau?][Ji will ene sonn.][Les ðis bes tru,] parlet ðe lihtik goð whur es benomn Werunos. Ða kjinnen dame/wif haffet ene sonn.

Literal Translation

In a time of old, there was a king who had non children. A son, the king wanted. He asked his presbyter: “Can a son ever be fathered by me?” The presbytor said to the king: “Pray to the god who is adorned with the name Werunos!” The king came to the god who is adorned with the name Werunos. “What want’st thou?”I want a son””Let that be true” Said the bright god who is adorned with the name Werunos. The king’s lady/wife carried a son.