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'''<span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Below are listed some useful Norsvik words and phrases.</span>''' |
'''<span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Below are listed some useful Norsvik words and phrases.</span>''' |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">English</span>'''</p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Norsvik</span>'''</p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Hello</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Hallo</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Yes</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Jas</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">No</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Nei</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Good morning</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Beneostydes</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Good evening</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Benewestydes </span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Good night</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Gud Niht</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Goodbye</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">A resiht</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">What is your name?</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Wats nomn’st ðu?</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">My name is Marc</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Mia nomo estas Marko.</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">How are you?</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Als wats es’st ðu?</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">I am well.</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Jih’es gud.</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Do you speak Norsvik?</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Parle’st ðau Norsvik?</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">I don't understand you</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ji nei kenne’je ðu</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">All right</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Riht</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Thank you</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ðanke</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">You're welcome</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Welkomme</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Please</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Benesif</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Congratulations</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Gratulon</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">I love you</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Jih’aime’st</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">What is that?</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Wats es ðat?</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">That is a dog</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ðat es ene hund</span></p> |
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− | |- style="height:0px;" |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">I am a beginner in Norsvik</span></p> |
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− | | style="border:1pxsolidrgb(170,170,170);vertical-align:top;padding:3px;"| |
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− | <p style="margin-right:10pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;">Norsvik es neuve’je</span></p> |
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− | |} |
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{| border="10" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="article-table article-table-selected" style="width:100px;height:100px;" |
{| border="10" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="article-table article-table-selected" style="width:100px;height:100px;" |
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! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|English |
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|English |
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− | ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Norsvik |
+ | ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Norsvik |
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"| |
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"| |
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Norsvik |
Norsvik |
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| style="text-align:center;"|Norsvik Parle'st? |
| style="text-align:center;"|Norsvik Parle'st? |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|I don't understand |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|I don't understand |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Ji nei kenneje ðau. |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Kenne'je nei ðau. |
− | |- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|l |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|l |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|<u>l</u>ong |
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− | |- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|m |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|m |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|<u>m</u>an |
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− | |- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|n |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|n |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|<u>n</u>ot |
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− | |- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|o |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|o |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|n<u>o</u> |
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− | |- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|p |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|p |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"|ti<u>p</u> |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|All Right |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Riht |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Riht |
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|- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Thank You |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Ðanke |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Ðanke |
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|- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|You're Welcome |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Welkomme |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Welkomme |
|- |
|- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Please |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Ebenesif |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Benesif |
|- |
|- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|I love you |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Jih'aimes ðu. |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Aimes'je ðu |
|- |
|- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|What is that? |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Wats es ðat? |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Wats es ðat? |
|- |
|- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|That is a dog |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Ðat es ene hund. |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Es'as ðat hund. |
|- |
|- |
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− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|I am a beginner in Norsvik |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Norsvik es neuve'je |
− | | style="text-align:center;"| |
+ | | style="text-align:center;"|Norsvik es neuve'je |
|} |
|} |
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Revision as of 23:23, 18 August 2012
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Norsvik Norsvik | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Fusional | |||
Alignment | |||
Nominative-Accusative | |||
Head direction | |||
Final | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
Yes | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
General information
Norsvik is a language spoken in Northern Scandinavia and due to migrant populations, has also spread to parts of the Northern United States and Southern Canada. Although populations of speakers are relatively isolated, there the language remains uniform throughout. Norsvik is structured as a SVO language in its common and VSO in formal form, but however, word order is relatively fluid. Most of the vocabulary found in the language has germanic roots, although some words of romance roots can be found.
Useful phrases
Below are listed some useful Norsvik words and phrases.
English | Norsvik |
Norsvik Formal |
---|---|---|
Hello | Hallo | Hallo |
Yes | Jas | Jas |
No | Nei | Nei |
Good morning | Beneostydes | Beneostydes |
Good Afternoon | Benewestydes | Benewestydes |
Good Niht | Gud Niht | Niht Gud |
Goodbye | A resiht'ens | A resiht'ens |
What is your name? | Wats es tyne nomn? | Nomn’st wats? |
My name is Mark | Ji benomn Mark. | Benomn'st Mark |
How are you? | Als wats es'st ðau? | Als wats es't? |
Do you speak Norsvik | Parle'st ðau Nosvik? | Norsvik Parle'st? |
I don't understand | Ji nei kenneje ðau. | Kenne'je nei ðau. |
All Right | Riht | Riht |
Thank You | Ðanke | Ðanke |
You're Welcome | Welkomme | Welkomme |
Please | Ebenesif | Benesif |
I love you | Jih'aimes ðu. | Aimes'je ðu |
What is that? | Wats es ðat? | Wats es ðat? |
That is a dog | Ðat es ene hund. | Es'as ðat hund. |
I am a beginner in Norsvik | Norsvik es neuve'je | Norsvik es neuve'je |
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal |
m |
n | ŋ | |||||
Plosive | p b | td | k ɡ | |||||
Fricative | f v | ð θ | s z | ʃ ʒ | h | |||
Affricate | tʃ | |||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||
Rhotic | r |
Vowels
Front Short | Front Long | Central Short | Central Long | Back Short | Back Long | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | ɪ | i | ʊ | u | ||
Mid | ɛ | ə | o | |||
Open | æ | ʌ | a |
The Following dipthongs are also used: eɪ, aɪ, aʊ, əʊ,
ɪə, ɛə, ʊə, oʊ
Alphabet
Letter | IPA Pronunciation |
American English Pronunciation |
---|---|---|
a | a | spa |
b | b | baby |
*c | *k | *can't |
d | d | dog |
ð | ð | then |
e | e | bed |
f | f | far |
g | g | go |
h | h | house |
i | I | fit |
j | j | yellow |
k | k | can't |
l | l | long |
m | m | man |
n | n | not |
o | o | no |
p | p | tip |
r | ɾ | run |
s | s | some |
t | t | turtle |
u | u | food |
v | v | voice |
w | w | we |
y | a | fight |
z | z | zoo |
- The letter c is has some variablitity in its pronouciation. ć is pronounced like h in horse. 'č is pronounced like sh.
Phonotactics
This explains the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is a consonant cluster in English.
Letter Cluster | IPA Pronounciation | American English |
---|---|---|
th | θ | throat |
jg | ʒ |
joke |
ch | tʃ | children |
čh | ʃ | shop |
ćh | h | horse |
au | aʊ | drought |
ou | u | food |
Grammar
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
{C}
Word Order
Word order in Norsvik common form is very fluid, sentences can be rearranged by following rules of congugation. Generally Norsvik follows the Subject Verb Object word order, but can also follow Verb Second and Subject Object Verb word orders. In Norsvik common form, adjectives go before the noun, adverbs go after.
The sentence: "Ðos hav nein luftships" (They have no airplanes) can be reorganized to emphasis certain parts of the sentence and change the meaning slightly.
"Ðos hav nein luftships" Emphasising "They have no airplanes"
"Nein luftships hav'ent ðos'" Emphasising "They have no airplanes" (lit: None airplanes have they)
"Luftships ðos hav nein'" Emphasising "They have no airplanes" (lit: Airplanes they have none)
Word order in Norsvik Formal follows the VSO order. In formal form adjectives and adverbs are listed after their subject.
Using the same sentence They have no airplanes, inf formal form it is writen Hav'ens nein luftships. A sentence with adjectives and adverbs like "I went quickly to the little red house" would translate to "Gahet'je snelijg a ðe hause klyne ent rojd."
Congugation
Congugation and the inflextion of verbs, adjectives and nouns in Norsvik is relatively rare. Evenso; the rules governing correct congugation and inflextion is relativly complex.
Pronouns
First Person Subject | Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ji(h) | Mei | Remei | Myne | 'je | Singular. |
Nos | Nost | Renost | Nostr | 'ens | Plural. |
Second person Subject | Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vuz | Vust | Revusten | Vustr | 'ze | Singular or Plural. Very formal, usually used to adress elders. Also used as Generic. |
Ðau | Ðu | Reðunne | Ðyne | 'st | Singular. Informal. |
Vos | Vost | Revost | Vostr | 'ze | Plural. Replaced with Vuz in formal situations. |
Third person Subject | Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hin | Hyme | Rehyme | Hyne | 'as | Singular. Masculine. |
Ser | Syme | Resyme | Syne | 'as | Singular. Feminine |
Hyre | Hyrme | Rehyrme | Hyrne | 'as | Singular. Generic |
Ene | Eme | Re'eme | Enen | 'as | Singular. Generic 'it' |
Ðos | Ðost | Reðoste | Ðostr | 'ent | Plural. |
Ðose | Ðostte | Reðostte | Ðosttre | 'ent |
Plural. Mainly used as geminine or generic |
Generic Subject |
Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wye | Wyrme | Rewyrme | Wyne | 'as | Full generic. Unspecified number, gender etc.... |
Negation
There are two types of negatives in Norsvik. The 'nein' and the 'nei' classes. Nein is used to express 'nothing' and 'none'. Nei is used to express general all other cases. For example; "I have no cheese" would use nein for negation because 'no' in this sentence is used to express a lack of cheese: "Ji hav nein formajge". Another example would be:"There shall be no dancing" to "Hjer ve bes nein danceng"
Gender
There are 3 genders in Norsvik: Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. Unlike most other languages that have the noun gender distinction, nouns are not predecided to be either masculine or feminine. All nouns are neuter, unless clearly a noun used to express a Male or Female thing. For example; the word hund (dog) can be either masculine, feminine or neuter, depending on the context it is used. If it is used to anote a male dog, it is masculine, a female dog, it is feminine, a unspecified gender or generic dog, it is neuter. By this rule, nouns like sward (sword) can only be of the neutral gender.
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, determiners all inflex according to the gender of itself, or the subject/object it is describing. Sentence that is only feminine: Ða snelle brun fosse spring uber ða lauzik hundde.
Nouns in Gender
Masculine and neuter nouns are not changed by its own gender. However, if the noun is feminine, a specific inflextion is applied. When writen the last consantant of the noun is repeated and is there is not already an 'e' ending that noun an 'e' is applied (eg, ;skiepe, skieppe; hund, hundde).
- When a noun ends with r, re, er, or (etc...) or n and has no vowel directly before, the 2nd last consantant is repeated in it's stead (eg. kindr, kinddre; presbytor, presbyttore)
Adjectives in Gender
Masculine and neuter nouns do not change the adjectives describing them. However; if the noun being described is feminine a pecific inflextion. When writen the last consantant of the noun is repeated and is there is not already an 'e' ending that noun an 'e' is applied.
- If an adjective ends with en or ik no inflection is applied.
Verb Tenses
“I Eat” Common Form | Formal Form | English Translation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
present | Ji manjge | Manjger'je | I eat | |
past | Ji manjget | Manjget'jet | I ate | |
future | Ji ve manjge | Manjgerve'je | I will eat | |
present progressive | Jih‘es manjgereng | Es'je manjgeng'je | I am eating | |
past progressive | Ji wes manjgeng | Wes'jet manjgeng'jet | I was eating | |
future progressive | Ji ve es’je manjgeng | Es'je mangeve'je | I will be eating | |
present perfect | Ji hav manjgen | Manjgen'je | I have eaten | |
past perfect | Ji hav’et manjgen | Manjgen'jet | I had eaten | |
future perfect | Ji ve hav‘je manjgen | Manjgeven'je | I will have eaten | |
passive present | Jih’es be’manjgen | Manjgen es'je | I am eaten | |
passive past | Ji wes be‘manjgen | Manjgen es'jet | I was eaten | |
passive future | Ji ve es‘je be’manjgen | Manjgeven es'je | I will be eaten | |
passive present progressive | Jih‘es beseng be‘manjgen | Es'je Manjgen eseng | I am being eaten | |
passive past progressive | Ji wes beseng be‘manjgen | Wes'jet Manjgen eseng | I was being eaten | |
passive future progressive | Ji ve es’je beseng be’manjgen | Es'je manjgeven eseng | I will be being eaten | |
passive present perfect | Ji hav besen be‘manjgeren | Manjgen'je besen | I have been eaten | |
passive past perfect | Ji hav‘et besen be’mangjen | Manjgen'jet besen | I had been eaten | |
passive future perfect | Ji ve hav‘je besen be’manjgen | Manjgeven'je besen | I will have been eaten | |
negative present | Ji manjge nei | Manjge'je nei | I do not eat | |
negative past | Ji manjget nei | Manjget'jet nei | I did not eat | |
negative future | Ji ve nei manjge | Manjgeve'je nei | I will not eat | |
negative present progressive | Jih‘es nei manjgeng | Es'je manjgeng'je nei | I am not eating | |
negative past progressive | Ji wes nei manjgeng | Wes'jet manjgeng'jet nei | I was not eating | |
negative future progressive | Ji ve nei es’je manjgeng | Es'je mangeve'je | I will not be eating | |
negative present perfect | Ji hav nei manjgen | Manjgen'je nei | I have not eaten | |
negative past perfect | Ji hav’et nei manjgen | Manjgen'jet nei | I had not eaten | |
negative future perfect | Ji ve nei hav manjgen | Manjgeven'je nei | I will not have eaten | |
negative passive present | Jih‘es nei be’manjgen | Manjgen es'je nei | I am not eaten | |
negative passive past | Ji wes nei be‘manjgen | Manjgen es'jet nei | I was not eaten | |
negative passive future | Ji ve nei es’je be‘manjgen | Manjgeven es'je nei | I will not be eaten | |
negative passive present progressive | Ji es nei beseng be’manjgen | Es'je Manjgen eseng nei | I am not being eaten | |
negative passive past progressive | Ji wes nei beseng be‘manjgen | Wes'jet Manjgen eseng nei | I was not being eaten | |
negative passive future progressive | Ji ve nei es’je beseng be‘manjgen | Es'je manjgeven eseng nei | I will not be being eaten | |
negative passive present perfect | Ji hav nei besen be’manjgen | Manjgen'je besen nei |
I have not been eaten | |
negative passive past perfect | Ji hav‘et nei besen manjgeren | Manjgen'jet besen nei | I had not been eaten | |
negative passive future perfect | Ji ve hav nei besen manjgen | Manjgeven'je besen nei | I will have not been eaten |
<---
Possessive
In Norsvik, possessive possessive is similar to that of English. To form the most basic possessive (My cat, his house), one simply (like English), uses the possessive determiner of the possesser's pronoun (Myne chat, hyne hause). However; for possessives such as John's cat or Mary's yatch an -en suffix is used in place of 's (Jgonen chat, Marie'n jache). If the name ends with a vowel 'n is used instead.
Some names, like Nathan end with the /en/ sound, and to add and other en as a suffix creates unclean phrases. In these cases -ik is used as the suffix, changing the name into an adjective that describes the possessed thing.
Note: The en suffix in Norsvik is also used for past pastriciples and as 'of', thus; Jgonen chat, is close to Cat of John or a 'Johned' cat.
'Of' and 'Of The'
The Norsvik phrases 'auf' (of) and 'auf ðe' (of the) are rarely used. Instead a system like that of the possessive is used. Rather than saying United States of America, American United States (Americien Unisifen Staðes) is used. this is done by changing the word 'America' into an adjective that describes the 'United States' . Same goes for the People's Republic of China; it would become the Chinese People's Reupublic (Chinen Fulkersrepublis). In this way, the -en suffix is also used to creat adjectives. A godly which is the same as a of god in Norsvik becomes goðen (same as sanktik).
Vocabulary
Number | English | Norsvik | Number | English | Norsvik |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Zero | Zyne | 16 | Sixteen | Denz'siks |
1 | One | Ene | 17 | Seventeen | Denz'septn |
2 | Two | Deue | 18 | Eighteen | Dens'eht |
3 | Three | Ðrye | 19 | Nineteen | Dens'nunf |
4 | Four | Kutr/Fjer | 20 | Twenty | Deudenzs |
5 | Five | Vif | 21 | Twenty one | Deuedenz'ene |
6 | Six | Siks | 22 | Twenty two | Deuedenz'deue |
7 | Seven | Septn | 23 | Twenty three | Deudenz'ðrye |
8 | Eight | Eht | 30 | Thirty | Ðryedenzs |
9 | Nine | Nunf | 50 | Fifty | Vifdenzs |
10 | Ten | Denz | 100 | Hundred | Hundert |
11 | Eleven | Denz'ene | 1000 | Thousand | Ðausent |
12 | Twelve | Denz'due | 10000 | Ten Thousand | Myred |
13 | Thirteen | Denz'ðrye | 100000 | Hundred Thousand | Denzmyred |
14 | Fourteen | Denz'fjer | 1000000 | Million | Millijon |
15 | Fifteen | Denz'vif | 759 | Seven-hundred Fifty-nine | Septnhundert'vifdenz'nunf |
Example text
English original: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Nosvik translation (common form): Ðe snel brun fos spring ober ðe lauzik hund.
Formal Form: Spring'as ðe fos brun ent snel ober ðe hund lauzik.
The Sheep and the Horses'
[On a hill,] a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.
Ðe Skiep ent ðes Hrosses
[Am ene klyneberg,] ene skiep whur havet nein wul sihtet ðes hross’s, ðosen wer ene whur wes ene stark wagon puleng, ene whur wes ene stark lydde hafeng, ent ene whur wes snel’ijg ene homme hafeng. Ðe skiep parlet a ðes hross’s: [Myne hjarte dote’je, sihteng ene homme whur es be’hafen par hross’s.] Ðes hross’s parle: [Coute, myne gud skiep, nos hjartes dote’ns am nost wenne nos siht ðis: ene homme, ðe mystre, whur maht’as ðes skiepen wul’s ena ene kloðe fur rehyme. Ent nue, ðe skiep hav nein wul. Haveng coutet ðats, volge’as ðe skiep ena ðe fjeld.
* * * * *
The King and the God
Once there was a king. He was childless. The king wanted a son. He asked his priest: "May a son be born to me!" The priest said to the king: "Pray to the god Werunos". The king approached the god Werunos to pray now to the god. "Hear me, father Werunos!" The god Werunos came down from heaven. "What do you want?" "I want a son." "Let this be so", said the bright god Werunos. The king's lady bore a son.
Ði Kjinn ent ðe Goð
En ene aulden tyde, ðere wes ene kjinn, whur havet nein kindrs. Ene sonn, ði kjinn will’t. Hin eisket hyne presbytor: [Kann ene sonn bes be’fatren par mei?] Ðe prebytor parlet a ði kjinn:[Fraige a ðe goð whur es benomn Werunos!] Ði kjinn kommet a ðe goð whur es benomn Weunos a fraige nue a ðe goð. [Coute a mei, fatr Werunos!] Aus himmel kommet dunne ðe goð whur wes benomn Werunos. [Wats will’st ðau?][Ji will ene sonn.][Les ðis bes tru,] parlet ðe lihtik goð whur es benomn Werunos. Ða kjinnen dame/wif haffet ene sonn.
Literal Translation
In a time of old, there was a king who had non children. A son, the king wanted. He asked his presbyter: “Can a son ever be fathered by me?” The presbytor said to the king: “Pray to the god who is adorned with the name Werunos!” The king came to the god who is adorned with the name Werunos. “What want’st thou?”I want a son””Let that be true” Said the bright god who is adorned with the name Werunos. The king’s lady/wife carried a son.